.5.
Key to the Families of Belgian and Dutch Spiders.5.
Key to the Families of Belgian and Dutch Spiders
.5.2. Identification Family on the ground of Body Characteristics
Some types of adomen, side view
1 Basal parts of chelicera (cheeks) directed forward; poisoned fangs strike backwards in the linear direction of the body -> ATYPIDAE
- Basal parts of chelicera directed downward; poisoned fangs strike inwards perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body ................................................................................................................................................ 2
2 Spider with 6 eyes ................................................................................. 3
- Spider with 8 eyes ................................................................................................. 5
3 Eyes in obvious separated pairs in three-cornered relationship; sometimes difficult to detect by the presence of many black spots; ; spider sandy-coloured with black tiger streeps ............................................................................-> SCYTODIDAE
- Not so; all six eyes grouped together or in three pairs, which are lined up on one row ................................................................................................................................................... 4
4 Colulus present; two or three claws; all claws have one longitudinal row of comb-teeth; the first three pairs of legs directed forwards; strong jaws (chelicera) with long poisoned claws; under lip (labium) longer then broad; maxilla straight; spidders bigger then 3mm ............................................................................-> DYSDERIDAE
- No colulus present; two claws per tarsus; all claws have two longitudal rows of comb-teeth; only the first two pairs of legs directed forwards; underlip broader then long; maxilla bent; spiders smaller then 3 mm; eyes close together ............................................................................ ............................................................................-> OONOPIDAE
5 Spiders with cribellum and calamistrum .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
- No cribellum and calamistrum present .............................................................. 9
6 PLE close to ALE; PME dark (day-eyes) ......................................... 7
- PLE not close to ALE, the distance is obvious bigger then the cross-section of the eye; all eyes light (night-eyes) ............................................................................. 8
7 Cribellum by means of a frame divided in left and right part; all tarsa equipped with hearing hairs; spiders 5 mm or bigger ............................................................................ ............................................................................-> AMAUROBIIDAE
- Cribellum mostly undivided; tarsa without rows of hearing hairs; palps with claw; spiders maximum 4mm big ............................................................................ ............................................................................-> DICTYNIDAE
8 Cribellum divided; tarsa of the fourth pair of legs not short and without a row of small short spines; the four posterior eyes are close together within a small trapezium, the four anterior eyes are very remote from those and in a big trapezium; PME very small; abd Fem. black, Masc. orange with four black spots ............................................................................-> ERESIDAE
- Cribellum not divided; tarsa of the fourth pair of legs short, having half the length of the metatarsa, with a row short thick small spines; position of eyes otherwise ............................................................................-> ULOBORIDAE
9 Tarsa with two small claws ................................................................. 10
- Tarsa with three small claws .................................................................................. 15
10 PME obvious bigger then other eyes; PLE a bit smaller then PME; other eyes much smaller; eyes in three transverse rows; cepth on frontal side broad, angular and straight ............................................................................-> SALTICIDAE
- PME as big as (seldom bigger then) other eyes; sometimesPLE somewhat bigger then PME; eyes in two transverse rows ................................................................................................. 11
11 Posterior spinners stand at the base away from each other ............................................................................-> GNAPHOSIDAE
- Posterior spinners stand at the base against each other or very close together ........................................................................................................................................................... 12
12 The two posterior pair of legs directed forwards, the two anterior legs backwards; behind the claws of the tarsus a small bunch of sticky hairs; scopula (brush of hairs) present; PME (day-eyes) ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
All legs directed sidewards; body often flattened ; spides can walk sideways ........................................................................................................................................................... 14
13 Tracheal spiracles close to spinners ............................................................................-> CLUBIONIDAE
- Tracheal spiracles halfway spinners and genital openings ............................................................................-> ANYPHAENIDAE
14 Colulus present; edges of the grooves of the fangs (of the chelicera) without teeth ............................................................................-> THOMISIDAE
- No colulus present;edges of the grooves of the fangs (of the chelicera) have teeth; PLE bigger then PME; abd Fem. green, Masc. yellow with red longitudinal stripes ............................................................................ ............................................................................-> EUSPARASSIDAE
15 Spider lives in water; abd glows silverish due to a small layer of air ............................................................................-> ARGYRONETIDAE
- Spider does not live in water ........................................................................................ 16
16 Eyes in three obvious separated groups; left 3; right 3 and in the middle 2 ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
- Eyes not in three groups ................................................................................... 18
17 Slender cylindrical body; very long thin legs; spider vibrates fiercely when disturbed ............................................................................-> PHOLCIDAE
- Not so ............................................................................................................. 26
18 Eyes in four groups of two on dome-shaped clypeus(forehead; PME very small, much smaller then other eyes; legs equipped with very long spines ............................................................................-> OXYOPIDAE
- Not so ............................................................................................................. 19
19 PLE and PME small,standing in one row in front clypeus; ALE and AME obvious bigger, arranged on head in the form of a rectangle or trapezium ............................................................ 20
- Eyes in two rows of four ....................................................................... 22
20 The four AE (anterior eyes) roughly arranged in a rectangle ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
- The four AE arranged in a trapezium so that the AME are closer together then the ALE ........................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................-> PISAURIDAE
21 At the underside of the tibiae of both first pair of legs a double row of spines (a comb) is seen ............................................................................ ............................................................................-> ZORIDAE
- Not so ............................................................................ ............................................................................-> LYCOSIDAE
22 Spinners big; first spinners consist obvious of two members and stand like two tails out of the backside of the body; on the tarsae of the legs a row trichobothria ........................................................................................................................................................... 23
- Spinners not obvious big; no row of trichobothriae on tarsae ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
23 All six spinners lined up on one transversal row next to each other; small spiders (1,5-3 mm) ....................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................-> HAHNIDAE
- Not so ............................................................................ ............................................................................-> AGELENIDAE
24 Chelicera big, very long or very wide; in condition of rest the spider stretches both first pair of legs straight forewards and the back pair straight backwards ............................................................................-> TETRAGNATHIDAE
- Not so ............................................................................................................. 25
25 On the tibiae of the first two pair of legs stands een row long bent pines, alternating with very small pines; abd almost cylindrical or heightened with two or four bumps ............................................................................-> MIMETIDAE
- Not so ............................................................................................................. 26
26 At the underside of the tars of the fourth pair of legs stands a row big incised brushes of hairs ................................................................................................................... 27
- No incised brushes of hairs on the tarsae of the fourth pair of legs ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
27 The incised brushes of hairs at the tarsae of the fourth pair of legs are longer then the remaining spines at the side and the top of the leg ............................................................................ ............................................................................-> THERIDIIDAE
- The incised brushes of hairs are not longer then the remaining spines at the side and the top of the leg ........................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................-> NESTICIDAE
28 The distance between the PME is almost equal at the distance between the AME; the first row of eyes is just above the bottom edge of the clypeus; clypeus narrow; strong legs with lots of spines; at the underside of the tarsae of the fourth pair of legs stands next to the third claw and between the incised brushes a rather big movable spinning spine, of which the point bents somewhat to the inner side ............................................................................-> ARANEIDAE
- The distance between the PME is smaller then he distance between the AME ; the first row of eyes removed from the bottom edge of the clypeus; slender legs with almost none or non spines; no spinning spine; small to very small spiders ............................................................................................................................................ 29
29 Tibiae of the fourth pair of legs with one spine at the upperside (dorsal) ............................................................................-> LINYPHIIDAE
- Tibiae of the fourth pair of legs with two dorsal spines ............................................................................-> LINYPHIIDAE
Tables and text according to W. Van Katwijk © 1976
