George Oakes and Susan Casey: Who Were They?
On this webpage,
I’d like to summarize what we now know, with the aim that it will help us all
learn more! This is a particularly mysterious branch of my family tree, and I
have benefited from the advice and information of many people including Bev
Penfold, Judy Taylor, Philippa Garnsey, Dorne Saunders, Donna Bradley, Mary Thorne,
and Denise Marshall.
1. A quick summary of the children of George and Susan
Oakes.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Child 1: Martha Jane OAKS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: Martha Jane OAKS
Sex: Female
Spouse: Matthew BRADLEY
(1833-1892). Marriage 1859 in Albury, NSW
Birth 11
Dec 1841 Yass,
Baptism 23
Feb 1846 (age 4)
Parents were George Oaks, labourer, and Susan Oaks,
Baptism has Oakes crossed out and replaced by Oaks
Death 3 Jun
1901 (age 59)
Burial 6 Jun
1907 (age 65) Private cemetary, Tumbarumba
Death Cause:
Sudden heart failure
Additional information: Despite the name given on the
birth registration, at death Martha’s father is named as William Oaks. Her
mother was left unnamed. Presumably her own children knew very little about her
parents.
Also notice the very long gap before her siblings are
born. She marries in the same town, Albury, where they are born.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Child 2: William OAKS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: William OAKS
Sex: Male
Spouse: Sarah TAYLOR ( - ). Marriage 27 February 1882 Murringo
(6895/1882 Young).
Birth 4 Mar
1854 Mullengandra Inn, Albury
Baptism 11
Jun 1854 (age 0) Albury Parish,
Parents were George Oakes, labourer, and Susan
Religion was given as Church of England.
Death 25
Apr 1926 (age 72) West
Burial 1926
(age 72) Marengo
Memorial: Oakes
William In loving memory of William Oakes Died 25.4.1926 aged 72 years Erected
by his wife and family
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Child 3: Rebecca OAKS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: Rebecca OAKS
Sex: Female
Spouse: Andrew MAHER (died 1931).
Marriage Burrowa 3158/1891
Birth 9 Jun 1859 Bullytop 851
Vol. 161/1859.
Baptism 10
Sep 1868 (age 9) Wagga Wagga circuit
Wesleyan Methodist, by Henry Wiles
Parents were George Oakes and Susan
Death 1942
(age 82-83) Young (14434/1942)
Additional information: This is Mary Thorne’s area of
expertise. Rebecca seems to have had an illegitimate children.
Ernest W Oakes was baptized in Young in 1887, with the only the mother’s name,
Rebecca, appearing in the index, and on the certificate. He died two years
later from diphtheria, again with only his mother mentioned. Mahalah Oakes was
baptized in Young in 1889, with parents Edward and Rebecca, but the certificate
shows Rebecca’s maiden name was Verner. Mary makes a convoncong case that two
other older girls were also hers, though baptisms have not been found: Daisy,
married 1903 at age 23; and Rose Ann, who married Joseph Lowe in 1901 at the
age of 17, with her mother Rebecca the only parent mentioned. Although Daisy’s
marriage certificate says her parents are Rebecca Coffey and William Oakes
deceased, a couple we can not trace, she and Rose kept contact, as have their
families, and they were understood to be sisters.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Child 4: Mary OAKS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: Mary OAKS
Sex: Female
Spouse 1: John CODDINGTON (died
23 May 1878). Married at Young, 21 March 1874.
Spouse 2: James John TAYLOR (her brother’s future
brother-in-law; note NOT John James). Married at Young 1880.
Birth 7 Jul 1856 Albury NSW (2718/1856)
Parents were George Oaks, 55 year old Farmer Servant
born in
Additional Information: At the time of the birth
registration, George was called a farm "servant". This normally
indicated a convict status.
I have also been told that on her death certificate
her mother is named as Mary instead of Susan.
Sacred
to the Memory of Susan Oakes Died 5.4.1873 aged 47 years.
Also
George husband of the above Died 23.12.1880 aged 74 years At Rest


2. The Marriage.
The first problem to solve was finding the marriage of George and Susan.
This was difficult because for some reason the marriage is not indexed. Luckily
Judy Taylor had found it in her study of the Oakes families of the region. It
took place in the district of Yass, 12 Jun 1839. They are
named as George Oakes and Susannah Casey, both of the
district of Yass, and both single.
It was a marriage by banns, with consent of friends; in presence of Wm
Cook, Gownion (difficult to read), and Th. Jones, Manairoo. It took place at
“Davis Inn” in Gownion.
A Thomas Jones married a
But who were George and Susan? The only thing that could be said from
the marriage record is that it appears they could sign their own names – no
small thing in that place at that time.
3. George Oakes: Convict.
George Oakes, it is now certain, was a convict. What’s more, he failed
to keep out of trouble in
His initial conviction is recorded in
the UK Public records office in
Agsh. John Eadley
late of Somerford Booths in the County of Chester Labr
that he on the 24th day of Dec in the 6th year te with force & arms at
Somerford Booths afsd with a certain gun loaded with gunpowder & leaden
that felony & unlawfully did shoot at one Thos Jackson with intent to Kill
& murder him gh. the peace te----
67
[page break]
3 ctp.7Geo.4
AND THAT GEORGE OAKES late
of Somerford Booths afsd Labr then & there to wit on the day & year
afsd with force & arms at Somerfd. Booths afsd. did counsel aid &
abete the said John Eadley in the sd. felony then & there to do &
commit ags. the form te----
There are other Counts to this Indict. Charging the
said John Eadley with intent to maim & diable the said Thomas Jackson -
& also to do him some grievous bodily harm - AND that the sd. Geo. Oakes
aided and abetted the sd John Eadley in the these
Counts.
Both plead Not Guilty Jurors say both guilty on the
3rd Count.
Judgmt. Death recorded agt both. Sentence commuted. That John Eadley be transported beyond the Seas for & during the term of
his natural life - And that George Oakes be transported for the term of seven
Years.
George sailed to
His basic convict records describes
him:-
Oakes
George, 21, R&W Protestant, single, b
Offence:
Poaching and shooting at gamekeeper.
Tried at
5
foot 10 inches, ruddy complexion, Brown hair, Hazel eyes.
Number of warts on right hand, scar on outer corner of
right eyebrow.
Key dates:-
Location 1828 census (age 22) Goulburn Plains, a servant to Mr
Andrew Allen.
Ticket of Leave 29
Sep 1831 (age 25-26) Goulburn; Torn up 5
Feb 1833
Certificate
of Freedom 14 Apr 1833 (age 27-28)
Accused November 1834, The Sydney Gazette recorded that:
"George
Oakes and John Rubden (sic; in fact Bugden), were indicted for stealing at
Cabramatta, on the 29th August last, one Ox, the property of Richard Jones; and
Henry Doran was charged with feloniously receiving the same, well knowing it to
have been stolen by the first named prisoners. NOT GUILTY.”
(Thanks to
researcher Greg Bugden of Armidale for this!)
Absconded (1) 12
Jul 1836 (age 30-31) Goulburn
Assigned 31
Jul 1836 (age 30-31) Goulburn
Arrested 10
Aug 1836 (age 30-31) Goulburn
Absconded (2) 25
Feb 1841 (age 35-36) Wingello
Location 6-14
Dec 1841 (age 35-36) Various places in and out of
custody:
Berrima, Hyde Park Barracks,
Examination 13
Dec 1841 (age 35-36) Goulburn, Discharged
Committed (1) 5
Feb 1842 (age 36-37) Queanbeyan (3 years irons; Towrang Stockade)
Conviction (2) 23
Mar 1842 (age 36-37) Burrowa
11 Mar 1842 (age 36-37) Berrima Circuit Court.
The Sydney Herald reports a case concerning George Oakes, free, and Daniel
M'Gane, alias Dandy, free, cattle
stealing
Committed (2) 25
March 1842 (age 36-37) Goulburn Admitted to bail
Committed (3) 27
Apr 1842 (age 36-37) Queanbeyan (15 year transport and Sydney Gaol)
Location 1 Jan 1843 (age 37-38)
Signed statement: intention to give up
contracts for Berrima and Goulburn within 3 months.
(Might this be a contract involving 60 head of
cattle?)
Location 22
Feb 1844 (age 38-39)
Arrived (2) 10
Mar 1844 (age 38-39)
Arrived (3) 6
Aug 1847 (age 41-42) Van Dieman's Land
per Lady Franklin
Assigned 9
Aug 1847 (age 41-42) to
Also a record of an offence
on this day.
Also recorded as being a “Probation Pass Holder”.
Location 10
Aug 1847 (age 41-42) Prisoners’ Barracks
25
Aug 1847 Parson’s Pass
25
Aug 1847 Brushy Plains
7
Sep 1847
Ticket of Leave 23
Jan 1849 (age 43-44)
Location 31
Aug 1849
Recommended for a CP 10
Sep 1850
Conditional Pardon 2
Sep 1851 (age 45-46)
Departed 18 Mar 1852 (age 46-47) Van Diemans Land per Shamrock (steerage)
He was described in more detail
in 1833 for his Certificate of Freedom:-
Height: 5 ft 10 ins
Complexion: facial(?) ruddy
Hair: Lt Brown, Eyes: Lt Blue
General remarks: Small scar outer corner of right eyebrow, small mole over left
eyebrow, little finger of right hand contracted, small scar back of top ?
finger of right hand, scar on thumb and forefinger of
left hand.
And once more, in more detail, for his second
conviction, his complexion having changed a bit
perhaps:-
Shepherd
5 foot 11
41 years
Sallow complexion
Large Head
Brown Hair
Brown, small whiskers
Large, Broad Visage
Brown Eyebrows
Gray Eyes
Large Nose
Medium Mouth and Chin?
Married with one child
“Stout made”
C of E
These records also confirm that he could read and write, and that his
wife was Susan.
Finally, we have his death certificate:
NAME -GEORGE
OAKES
DATE OF DEATH -22/12/1878
PLACE -MARENGO
FLAT, DISTRICT OF YOUNG NSW
OCCUPATION -FARMER
SEX -MALE
AGE -76
CONJUGAL STATUS -
PLACE OF BIRTH -
TIME IN AUST COLONIES -NOT
STATED
FATHER -UNKNOWN
OCCUPATION -UNKNOWN
MOTHER -UNKNOWN
PLACE OF MARRIAGE -
AGE AT MARRIAGE -
NAME OF SPOUSE -
CHILDREN OF MARRIAGE -
INFORMANT -
CAUSE OF DEATH -UNKNOWN
LENGTH OF ILLNESS -7
DAYS
MEDICAL ATTENDANT -NONE
DATE LAST SEEN -
DATE OF BURIAL -24/12/1878
PLACE OF BURIAL -MARENGO
CEMETERY
MINISTER & RELIGION -JOHN DEAN, PRO
CLERGYMAN,
UNDERTAKER -JOHN
DEAN
WITNESSES -PATRICK
KEARIN, GEORGE SMITH
REGISTERED -6/2/1879 YOUNG
The electoral rolls of 1878/79 show that later in life, George managed
to become the owner of the property he lived at, named Illunie. His younger
three children appear to have remained in the area. William Oakes (77/78 with
father at Illunie, 81/82, a freeholder of Marengo), John Coddington (74/75
Stony Creek, 77/78, 78/79 Murrumburrah) and John James Taylor all appear in the
electoral rolls of the area. Illunie itself now appears to be a placename most
associated with a large Nature Reserve. It must have been on the northern edge
of Marengo, with Stony Creek on the eastern edge.
From a family tree point-of-view, it is very important that the
Tasmanian records also give details of his family back in
This exact family can be found a short walk from Somerford Booths in the
parish of Swettenham, with a couple of baptisms apparently in neighbouring
Goostrey-cum-Barnshaw, and apparently also an early connection to Middlewich,
close to Goostrey. And because the
So who were Thomas an
We can perhaps make a reasonable guess at their ages, based on their
apparent burial records:-
If
On the other hand…
If however Thomas was about 68 in 1835, then the following baptisms
deserve consideration…
4. Susannah Casey: lost Irish girl?
Just about all we know of Susan/Susannah is from her death certificate:
REF NO 1873/3617
NAME -SUSAN
OAKES
DATE OF DEATH -5/4/1873
PLACE -STONEY
CREEK, NEAR BURROWA NSW
OCCUPATION -
SEX -FEMALE
AGE -48
CONJUGAL STATUS -
PLACE OF BIRTH -LIMERICK
TIME IN AUST COLONIES -UNKNOWN
FATHER -CASEY
(NO OTHER NAME STATED)
OCCUPATION -UNKNOWN
MOTHER -UNKNOWN
PLACE OF MARRIAGE -
AGE AT MARRIAGE -UNKNOWN
NAME OF SPOUSE -GEORGE
OAKES
CHILDREN OF MARRIAGE -1
MALE, 3 FEMALES LIVING
INFORMANT -WILLIAM
OAKES, SON, STONEY CREEK
CAUSE OF DEATH -SEVERE
COUGH AND COLD
LENGTH OF ILLNESS -16
DAYS
DATE OF BURIAL -8/4/1873
PLACE OF BURIAL -MARENGO
MINISTER & RELIGION -NIL
UNDERTAKER -WILLIAM
KEATING
WITNESSES -JOHN
CODRINGTON, MANUEL SILVIA
REGISTERED -27/6/1873 BURROWA
This age of 48 (47 on the memorial) would make Susan seem to have been
born about 1826 and married about 13 years old! On the other hand, when her
daughter Mary was born, a birth year of about 1820 was implied on the
certificate, meaning she would have been 19 years old at the wedding. In any
case she was young, and her parents were not there for the marriage. What on
earth was she doing there?
In early 2010 I finally found an index online of a ship called the James
Pattison, which arrived 11/02/1836, sailing from
Elizabeth
Casey, aged 24 and her sister, Susan
aged 19 emigrated from Limerick, Ireland on the James Pattison, arriving in
There is another
genealogical webpage for a woman on this ship, Honora Austin, and this
researcher also discussed has been helped by the research of Dr Rushen. She
writes:
Between
1833 and 1837, fourteen ships disembarked approximately 2,700 women at Sydney,
Hobart and Launceston under the first scheme for female emigration between
In
order to be eligible for the government bounty, the women had to meet certain
requirements:
-
They had to want to emigrate – they were not ‘shovelled out’.
-
Age - at the outset of the scheme, emigration was open to single women and
widows between the ages of 18 and 30 years of age, but before the first ship
departed, the minimum age was lowered to 15 years. With the inclusion of
families on the later LEC ships, girls as young as 12 years of age were allowed
the government bounty provided they were travelling with their families.
-
Health – the women had to be healthy enough to undertake the three-month voyage
– one woman was not allowed to emigrate as she had a ‘sore knee’. Others,
however, emigrated with consumption and two or three died from this cause
during the voyages.
-
Conduct - the women had to obtain references from two reputable people.
-
The final check was an interview by the committee or its agent.
-
Money to cover the costs of emigration - in 1833, the cost of a passage to
Administered
for the Colonial Office by the
Intensive
research has revealed that, at most, only one quarter of the women were from
workhouses or charitable institutions. Many of the women were emigrating in
family groups, or joining family or friends on the colonies.
Condemned
for their independence, most of the women were enterprising individuals who
successfully managed the migration experience and made valuable contributions
to the development of Australian colonial society.
The age and date for Susan Casey is clearly very close to what we need,
and the place of origin,
The only way to try to confirm this new theory is perhaps by trying to
find
More records should be checked however, because as mentioned above Casey
was a common name in the Gundaroo area, and furthermore the distance between
Yass and
APPENDIX. A False
Lead
Before I found a record of the young ladies on the James Pattison, I
found leads which all headed in one direction. In 1838 I found a record of
Susan being either in
Casey Susan Miss NSW Sydney 1 June 1838 Postal
Government Gazette 1838 p359
Secondly, given that Casey was and is a
common name in
A good internet resource for such a
search is Peter Mayberry’s website: http://www.pcug.org.au/~ppmay/cgi-bin/db/search.cgi?query=casey&stpos=0&stype=AND.
Extracting…
|
First Name |
Ship |
Tried |
Trial Place |
Term |
DOB |
Native Place |
Remarks |
|
Connor |
Pilot
(1817) |
1816 |
Limerick
Co |
7 |
1779 |
|
Labourer |
|
John |
|
1822 |
Limerick
Co |
7 |
1783 |
|
Carter
reaper |
|
Mary |
City of |
1828 |
|
7 |
1803 |
Limerick
Co |
Farm
servant |
|
Michael |
|
1822 |
Limerick
Co |
7 |
1797 |
|
Carter
reaper |
|
Michael |
|
1817 |
|
7 |
1786 |
|
Labourer |
|
Michael |
|
1809 |
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
William |
Prince
Regent I (2) [1824] |
1823 |
|
Life |
1789 |
|
Fencer
reaper |
We
can eliminate all those who traveled significantly before 1820, because Susan’s
father and mother must have still been in
Our
most interesting line of enquiry has been through looking for convicts who
might have brought children over. For some listings of such requests see
especially http://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/transportation/search01.html.
In this respect the
outstanding candidate is William Casey who came over on the Prince Regent.
The original crime of William Casey is
described in a newspaper: http://www.irelandoldnews.com/Galway/1823/MAY.html
published
Monday, May 26, 1823
PROVINCIAL NEWS
(From the
On Monday last, at the hour of ten o'clock in the
morning, the dwelling-house of Robert HARDING, Esq. of *erawalin, in this
county, was assailed and broken into by a band of ruffians, some of whom had
their faces disguised; they dashed thro' the windows on the ground floor,
forcing in the sashes, and then rushed upstairs, forcing the females of the
house before them. On the landing of the stairs they were met by Mr. HARDING,
who fired at them, but (by the interposition of his sister) without effect.
They then knocked down Mr. H., beat him most severely, and fired several shots
at him while he lay on the floor. They then possessed themselves of all the
arms in the house, consisting of two double-barrelled guns, two single guns, a
pistol, a powder-horn, shot-pouch, and a small di*k, which they carried off.
Immediately after the outrage, Richard MASON, Esq. a Magistrate, accompanied by
this brothers and Messrs. H. & R. HARDING, with a detachment of the Rifle
Brigade, from Ballyagran,
scoured the country in the direction of Drumcolloher, but without effect at
that period; but at seven o'clock the same evening, they proceeded to the
neighbourhood of Garryfeine and Fort, on the borders of the county of Cork,
where they succeeded in apprehending 11 of the most notorious character, four
of whom we are happy to find, were fully identified by Richard MASON, Esq. The
names are Michael RYAN, Thomas MEADE; Richard MOLONY; and William CASEY.
The
newspapers of the time were very concerned with attempts by Catholics to arm
and organize themselves, and this appears to be precisely such a case. A
special law had been introduced making it illegal for Catholics to posses arms or gather in numbers. NSW State records holds a
copy of summaries of results from the Limerick Summer Assizes of 1823 for
William Casey of the Prince Regent, confirming that he was convicted with
Michael Ryan, Thomas Meade, Richard Malony/Molony, as well as others at the
same time all for “seizing arms”. So it appears clear that the above newspaper
article was not meant to imply that this was a robbery with money or violence as
the aim. In short William was one of the many Irish sent to
His
letter requesting that his family be sent out names the two men who caught him
as references!
To his Excellency Sir Thomas Brisbane K.C.B. Captain Generale Governor
and Commander in Chief in and near? His
Majesty’s
The
Humble Memorial of William Casey
Sheweth
That
your Memorialist came to the Colony in the Ship Prince Regent Wales master in
1824 and was tried at
Your Memorialist therefore humbly prays that your
Excellency may be graciously pleased to grant that your Memorialist’s Wife and
Three children may be sent out to him to this Colony as he can be honest
industry support them without any ??? to the Crown.
[After this point a mass of small writing makes it difficult to decipher much
more; this appears to be made up of a positive note from a person (John Wyley)
who vouches for William’s industriousness in the colony.]
It
is fascinating that he mentions three children, but only two are mentioned as
coming with his wife on the
Was
Susan a third daughter who somehow made her way separately to the colony and
perhaps became lost?
William
was quite far from Yass, though on the right side of
He
eventually became a free man for all intents and purposes within the colony,
first collecting an exemption from government labour (the first one mentions
district Bringelly, and the second is for the district of Cook)…
|
Surname |
Firstname |
Vessel |
Year |
TicketNo |
Date |
SRref |
SRFiche |
Remarks |
|
CASEY |
William |
Prince
Regent |
1824 |
31/148 |
20/5/1831 |
4/4284,
4/4062 |
1004,
1006 |
with his wife
and two daughters, free per " |
|
CASEY |
William |
Prince
Regent |
1824 |
32/103 |
2/1/1832 |
4/4285,
4/4062 |
1005,
1006 |
with his
wife, free per " |
…Note the mention of a ticket of leave. There was also 33/678. In 1837 he is recorded as having been living still in
the district of Cook. Soon after, came a conditional pardon…
|
Surname |
FirstName |
Alias |
Vessel |
Year |
Pardon No |
Pardon
Type |
Date of
Pardon |
Item |
Reel |
Remarks |
Page |
|
CASEY |
William |
- |
Prince
Regent |
- |
38/11309 |
CP |
30 Oct 1838 |
[4/4481] |
774 |
- |
28 |
|
CASEY |
William |
- |
Prince
Regent |
1824 |
39/328 |
CP |
1 Nov 1838 |
[4/4437] |
777 |
- |
155 |
In 2008 I have finally been lucky enough to be contacted by a descendant
of Mary Casey, the daughter of William and Johanna, named Tracey Jones. She
informs me that Mary lived and died in Burrowa, an area where Susan also lived.
She died there in 21st May 1888, and her
death certificate confirms the that her parents were
from Limerick, while a marriage application mentions her arrival on the
This lead started to come to
an end when we decided to take the bull by the horns and we arranged a
mitochondrial DNA test, to compare direct maternal line descendants from a
daughter of William Casey (Tracey’s family) and Susan Casey. The mismatch was very clear!