George Oakes and Susan Casey: Who Were They?

Genealogical notes by Andrew Lancaster. Main page.

 

On this webpage, I’d like to summarize what we now know, with the aim that it will help us all learn more! This is a particularly mysterious branch of my family tree, and I have benefited from the advice and information of many people including Bev Penfold, Judy Taylor, Philippa Garnsey, Dorne Saunders, Donna Bradley, Mary Thorne, and Denise Marshall.

 

My Great-great-great-grandmother, was Martha Jane Oakes (or Oaks). She married Matthew Bradley, a man who had immigrated to Australia via Melbourne, during a gold rush period. He became a drover in the Tumbarumba area near what is today Canberra. His family is relatively easy to trace back in the Northern English town of Kirkby Stephen. But Martha’s family was one concerning which no information was ever passed down to me or my close relatives. It seemed clear that she belonged to the family of George and Susan Oak(e)s, a family which had been in Yass, Albury, Young, and finally Marengo, now spelt “Murringo” – all inland towns in the area between the Riverina and Goulburn, which was perhaps at that time the most remote region of relatively fast European settlement for grazing sheep and cattle, and for a while, gold mining. (These days, vineyards appear to be changing the area.) The settlers here, coming from Sydney, had to cross the Great Dividing Range. It the area where the Rivers begin to flow west towards the plains of central Australia.

 

1. A quick summary of the children of George and Susan Oakes.

 

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Child 1: Martha Jane OAKS

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               Name:  Martha Jane OAKS

                Sex:  Female

             Spouse:  Matthew BRADLEY (1833-1892). Marriage 1859 in Albury, NSW

Birth       11 Dec 1841             Yass, County Murray, New South Wales AUSTRALIA

Baptism     23 Feb 1846 (age 4)     Yass, New South Wales AUSTRALIA

Parents were George Oaks, labourer, and Susan Oaks, Yass River

Baptism has Oakes crossed out and replaced by Oaks

Death       3 Jun 1901 (age 59)     Tumbarumba, New South Wales AUSTRALIA

Burial      6 Jun 1907 (age 65)     Private cemetary, Tumbarumba

Death Cause: Sudden heart failure

 

Additional information: Despite the name given on the birth registration, at death Martha’s father is named as William Oaks. Her mother was left unnamed. Presumably her own children knew very little about her parents.

 

Also notice the very long gap before her siblings are born. She marries in the same town, Albury, where they are born.

 

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Child 2: William OAKS

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               Name:  William OAKS

                Sex:  Male

             Spouse:  Sarah TAYLOR ( - ). Marriage 27 February 1882 Murringo (6895/1882 Young).

Birth       4 Mar 1854              Mullengandra Inn, Albury

Baptism     11 Jun 1854 (age 0)     Albury Parish, Goulburn County

Parents were George Oakes, labourer, and Susan

Religion was given as Church of England.

Death       25 Apr 1926 (age 72)    West Wyalong, New South Wales AUSTRALIA

Burial      1926 (age 72)           Marengo

Memorial:   Oakes William In loving memory of William Oakes Died 25.4.1926 aged 72 years Erected by his wife and family

 

 

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Child 3: Rebecca OAKS

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               Name:  Rebecca OAKS

                Sex:  Female

           Spouse:  Andrew MAHER (died 1931). Marriage Burrowa 3158/1891

Birth       9 Jun 1859  Bullytop 851 Vol. 161/1859.

Baptism     10 Sep 1868 (age 9)     Wagga Wagga circuit Wesleyan Methodist, by Henry Wiles

Parents were George Oakes and Susan

Death       1942 (age 82-83)  Young (14434/1942)

 

Additional information: This is Mary Thorne’s area of expertise. Rebecca seems to have had an illegitimate children. Ernest W Oakes was baptized in Young in 1887, with the only the mother’s name, Rebecca, appearing in the index, and on the certificate. He died two years later from diphtheria, again with only his mother mentioned. Mahalah Oakes was baptized in Young in 1889, with parents Edward and Rebecca, but the certificate shows Rebecca’s maiden name was Verner. Mary makes a convoncong case that two other older girls were also hers, though baptisms have not been found: Daisy, married 1903 at age 23; and Rose Ann, who married Joseph Lowe in 1901 at the age of 17, with her mother Rebecca the only parent mentioned. Although Daisy’s marriage certificate says her parents are Rebecca Coffey and William Oakes deceased, a couple we can not trace, she and Rose kept contact, as have their families, and they were understood to be sisters.

 

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Child 4: Mary OAKS

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               Name:  Mary OAKS

                Sex:  Female

           Spouse 1:  John CODDINGTON (died 23 May 1878). Married at Young, 21 March 1874.

           Spouse 2:  James John TAYLOR (her brother’s future brother-in-law; note NOT John James). Married at Young 1880.

Birth 7 Jul 1856  Albury  NSW (2718/1856)

Parents were George Oaks, 55 year old Farmer Servant born in England, and Susan Cacy, 36 years old and born in Ireland. The certificate also states that the parents were married in 1839 in Yass, and had previously had 4 other children, of which one was deceased.

 

Additional Information: At the time of the birth registration, George was called a farm "servant". This normally indicated a convict status.

 

I have also been told that on her death certificate her mother is named as Mary instead of Susan.

 

The parents need to be discussed further, but I’ll already mention their memorial, which now lies next to that of their son William. The photos are taken by Donna Bradley.

Sacred to the Memory of Susan Oakes Died 5.4.1873 aged 47 years.

Also George husband of the above Died 23.12.1880 aged 74 years At Rest

photo by Donna Bradley

 

The information that can be found on the internet about George and Susan is very confused, which will hopefully be helped now by this webpage. There were several Oakes families and Casey families in this region of southern New South Wales in early Australia, and various theories had developed to propose links. Some of this was reflected in public databases such as the Mormon’s IGI. With the help of genealogists from those families I have come to the conclusion that none of those proposed links are likely to be correct.

 

  • There is no link with the Caseys of Gundaroo, near where she married, nor seemingly with those from Marengo, where she later settled. They did not come from Limerick. My great thanks go to Philippa Garnsey, a Casey genealogist, though sadly apparently not related to my Caseys.
  • There is no link with George Oakes the parliamentarian, who also had land in Yass. He was happily married and his life relatively public. My great thanks to Judy Taylor, one of the contributors to the IGI, who knows this family well.
  • There is no link with William Oakes, who lived at Top Creek, nearby to George Oakes later in life. He came from London, while George came from Cheshire. Confusingly, by a coincidence this William married Mary Ann Casey, who appears to have been no relation to Susan.

 

2. The Marriage.

 

The first problem to solve was finding the marriage of George and Susan. This was difficult because for some reason the marriage is not indexed. Luckily Judy Taylor had found it in her study of the Oakes families of the region. It took place in the district of Yass, 12 Jun 1839. They are named as George Oakes and Susannah Casey, both of the district of Yass, and both single.

 

It was a marriage by banns, with consent of friends; in presence of Wm Cook, Gownion (difficult to read), and Th. Jones, Manairoo. It took place at “Davis Inn” in Gownion.

 

A Thomas Jones married a Davis and was buried at the Davis family property of Gounyan (or Goonyan) near Murrumbateman. This Davis family is known to have indeed established an inn, “The Sawyer’s Arms”, which brewed it’s own ale. See for example: http://www.mygenerations.net/biographies.htm and http://www.legislation.act.gov.au/di/2003-331/current/pdf/2003-331.pdf#search=%22gounyan%22.

 

But who were George and Susan? The only thing that could be said from the marriage record is that it appears they could sign their own names – no small thing in that place at that time.

 

3. George Oakes: Convict.

 

George Oakes, it is now certain, was a convict. What’s more, he failed to keep out of trouble in Australia, and a large paper trail can be made from official records:

 

His initial conviction is recorded in the UK Public records office in Kew (CHES 21/8). According to other records, the incident described had something to do with poaching: presumably that is what John Eadley and George Oakes had been doing when they got into bigger trouble…

 

Agsh. John Eadley

late of Somerford Booths in the County of Chester Labr that he on the 24th day of Dec in the 6th year te with force & arms at Somerford Booths afsd with a certain gun loaded with gunpowder & leaden that felony & unlawfully did shoot at one Thos Jackson with intent to Kill & murder him gh. the peace te----

                                                67

[page break]

3 ctp.7Geo.4

AND THAT GEORGE OAKES late of Somerford Booths afsd Labr then & there to wit on the day & year afsd with force & arms at Somerfd. Booths afsd. did counsel aid & abete the said John Eadley in the sd. felony then & there to do & commit ags. the form te----

 

There are other Counts to this Indict. Charging the said John Eadley with intent to maim & diable the said Thomas Jackson - & also to do him some grievous bodily harm - AND that the sd. Geo. Oakes aided and abetted the sd John Eadley in the these Counts.

 

Both plead Not Guilty Jurors say both guilty on the 3rd Count.

 

Judgmt. Death recorded agt both. Sentence commuted. That John Eadley be transported beyond the Seas for & during the term of his natural life - And that George Oakes be transported for the term of seven Years.

 

George sailed to Australia as a convict on the Speke 3 of 1826, when he was about 21. It appears that when he was married, he was still serving time, and may well have absconded, as he did at least twice. Furthermore, after his 7 years were done and his first child Martha Jane was born, he was convicted again, this time for stealing 60 head of cattle (along with Daniel McGane alias Dandy). His sentence was 15 years, including 3 to be on the dreaded Norfolk Island during one of its worst periods. The first two years of the sentence, before Norfolk, must have been on the mainland, after Norfolk he was on Van Dieman’s land (Tasmania). He survived and was returned to freedom after 10 of the 15 years.

 

His basic convict records describes him:-

Oakes George, 21, R&W Protestant, single, b Cheshire, Farmer’s labourer, reaps.

Offence: Poaching and shooting at gamekeeper.

Tried at Chester on 3 April 1826, Sentence: 7 years.

5 foot 10 inches, ruddy complexion, Brown hair, Hazel eyes.

Number of warts on right hand, scar on outer corner of right eyebrow.

 

Key dates:-

Location                1828 census (age 22) Goulburn Plains, a servant to Mr Andrew Allen.

Ticket of Leave         29 Sep 1831 (age 25-26) Goulburn; Torn up 5 Feb 1833

Certificate of Freedom  14 Apr 1833 (age 27-28)

Accused                 November 1834, The Sydney Gazette recorded that:

"George Oakes and John Rubden (sic; in fact Bugden), were indicted for stealing at Cabramatta, on the 29th August last, one Ox, the property of Richard Jones; and Henry Doran was charged with feloniously receiving the same, well knowing it to have been stolen by the first named prisoners. NOT GUILTY.”

(Thanks to researcher Greg Bugden of Armidale for this!)

Absconded (1)           12 Jul 1836 (age 30-31) Goulburn

Assigned                31 Jul 1836 (age 30-31) Goulburn

Arrested                10 Aug 1836 (age 30-31) Goulburn

Absconded (2)           25 Feb 1841 (age 35-36) Wingello

Location                6-14 Dec 1841 (age 35-36) Various places in and out of custody:

Berrima, Hyde Park Barracks, Parramatta, Liverpool, Tumut, Towrang Stockade, Queanbeyan

Examination             13 Dec 1841 (age 35-36) Goulburn, Discharged

Committed (1)           5 Feb 1842 (age 36-37) Queanbeyan (3 years irons; Towrang Stockade)

Conviction (2)          23 Mar 1842 (age 36-37) Burrowa

11 Mar 1842 (age 36-37) Berrima Circuit Court. The Sydney Herald reports a case concerning George Oakes, free, and Daniel M'Gane, alias Dandy, free, cattle stealing

Committed (2)           25 March 1842 (age 36-37) Goulburn Admitted to bail

Committed (3)           27 Apr 1842 (age 36-37) Queanbeyan (15 year transport and Sydney Gaol)

Location                1 Jan 1843 (age 37-38) Parramatta

Signed statement: intention to give up contracts for Berrima and Goulburn within 3 months.

(Might this be a contract involving 60 head of cattle?)

Location                22 Feb 1844 (age 38-39) Cockatoo Island

Arrived (2)             10 Mar 1844 (age 38-39) Norfolk Island

Arrived (3)             6 Aug 1847 (age 41-42)  Van Dieman's Land per Lady Franklin

Assigned                9 Aug 1847 (age 41-42)  to Jerusalem depot

Also a record of an offence on this day.

Also recorded as being a “Probation Pass Holder”.

Location                10 Aug 1847 (age 41-42) Prisoners’ Barracks

                        25 Aug 1847 Parson’s Pass

                        25 Aug 1847 Brushy Plains

                        7 Sep 1847 Richmond

Ticket of Leave         23 Jan 1849 (age 43-44)

Location                31 Aug 1849 Richmond

Recommended for a CP    10 Sep 1850

Conditional Pardon      2 Sep 1851 (age 45-46) 

Departed                18 Mar 1852 (age 46-47) Van Diemans Land per Shamrock (steerage)

 

He was described in more detail in 1833 for his Certificate of Freedom:-

Height: 5 ft 10 ins
Complexion:  facial(?) ruddy
Hair: Lt Brown, Eyes: Lt Blue
General remarks: Small scar outer corner of right eyebrow, small mole over left eyebrow, little finger of right hand contracted, small scar back of top  ? finger of right hand, scar on thumb and forefinger of left hand.

 

And once more, in more detail, for his second conviction, his complexion having changed a bit perhaps:-

Shepherd

5 foot 11

41 years

Sallow complexion

Large Head

Brown Hair

Brown, small whiskers

Large, Broad Visage

Brown Eyebrows

Gray Eyes

Large Nose

Medium Mouth and Chin?

Nat Place Chester

Married with one child

“Stout made”

C of E

 

These records also confirm that he could read and write, and that his wife was Susan.

 

Finally, we have his death certificate:

 

REF NO 1879/9857

     

NAME        -GEORGE OAKES

DATE OF DEATH     -22/12/1878

PLACE -MARENGO FLAT, DISTRICT OF YOUNG NSW

OCCUPATION  -FARMER

SEX   -MALE

AGE   -76

CONJUGAL  STATUS  -

PLACE OF BIRTH    -CHESHIRE ENGLAND

TIME IN AUST COLONIES   -NOT STATED

     

FATHER      -UNKNOWN

OCCUPATION  -UNKNOWN

MOTHER      -UNKNOWN

     

PLACE OF MARRIAGE -

AGE AT MARRIAGE   -

NAME OF SPOUSE    -

CHILDREN OF MARRIAGE    -

     

INFORMANT   -W OAKES, BY INFORMATION, SON, MARENGO

     

CAUSE OF DEATH    -UNKNOWN

LENGTH OF ILLNESS -7 DAYS

MEDICAL ATTENDANT -NONE

DATE LAST SEEN    -

     

DATE OF BURIAL    -24/12/1878

PLACE OF BURIAL   -MARENGO CEMETERY

MINISTER & RELIGION     -JOHN DEAN, PRO CLERGYMAN, CHURCH OF ENGLAND

UNDERTAKER  -JOHN DEAN

WITNESSES   -PATRICK KEARIN, GEORGE SMITH

     

REGISTERED  -6/2/1879 YOUNG

 

The electoral rolls of 1878/79 show that later in life, George managed to become the owner of the property he lived at, named Illunie. His younger three children appear to have remained in the area. William Oakes (77/78 with father at Illunie, 81/82, a freeholder of Marengo), John Coddington (74/75 Stony Creek, 77/78, 78/79 Murrumburrah) and John James Taylor all appear in the electoral rolls of the area. Illunie itself now appears to be a placename most associated with a large Nature Reserve. It must have been on the northern edge of Marengo, with Stony Creek on the eastern edge.

 

From a family tree point-of-view, it is very important that the Tasmanian records also give details of his family back in England. His parents were Thomas and Elizabeth, residents of his native place in Cheshire, and his siblings were Thomas, William, Mary, Esther and Charlotte.

 

This exact family can be found a short walk from Somerford Booths in the parish of Swettenham, with a couple of baptisms apparently in neighbouring Goostrey-cum-Barnshaw, and apparently also an early connection to Middlewich, close to Goostrey. And because the Cheshire parish registers can be checked online these days, we can be confident that this combination of names is unique. It is striking that though they did not have to live through Norfolk island, many of George’s siblings in Dickensian England died much younger than he did, dead before he could manage to get convicted the second time.

 

  • Mary Oakes was baptized 10 Jul 1791 in Middlewich, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth, and later there was a Mary Oakes was buried 25 Jul 1802 in Swettenham, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth.
  • Esther Oakes was baptized 15 Dec 1793, in Goostrey-cum-Barnshaw, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth. She may have been buried in Prestbury, a bit to the north in 1 Mar 1808 because an Esther daughter of Thomas was buried there. Or perhaps she survived and married George Dean in Astbury, 9 Sep 1821.
  • Elizabeth Oakes was baptized 14 Aug 1796 in Swettenham, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth. Apparently buried aged 25, 12 Jan 1822 in Swettenham.
  • Jane Oakes was baptized 5 Jan 1800, in Goostrey-cum-Barnshaw, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth. Although she seems to fit, she does not appear in George’s list of siblings in Tasmania.
  • Thomas Oakes was baptized 2 Feb 1800 in Swettenham, son of Thomas and Elizabeth. Apparently buried aged 28, 19 Aug 1828 in Swettenham.
  • William Oaks was baptized 17 Oct (September in Bishop’s transcript) 1802 in Swettenham, son of Thomas and Elizabeth. A William Oakes, 35 year old agricultural labourer, appears in the 1841 census at Mill Banks in Somerford Booths with an apparent wife Hannah. Or he may well be the same William who had children baptized in Swettenham in the 1830s and 1840s, with his wife Mary.
  • George Oakes was baptized 9 Feb 1806 in Swettenham, son of Thomas and Elizabeth.
  • Charlotte Oakes was baptized 7 Aug 1808 in Swettenham, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth. She was apparently buried 25 Jul 1830 in the same parish, at the age of 22.

 

So who were Thomas an Elizabeth? This is more difficult, because these names are common in the area. Marriages we could consider include:

  • Thomas Oakes, 24 Oct 1790, Middlewich, Cheshire, England Spouse's name: Elizabeth Bossen
  • Thomas Oakes, 27 Dec 1796, Barthomley, Cheshire, England Spouse's name: Elizabeth Slack
  • Thomas Oakes, 13 Sep 1799, Middlewich, Cheshire, England Spouse's name: Elizabeth Moors (Spouse's marital status: Widowed)
  • Thomas Oakes, 16 (15 in Bishops transcript) Jul 1805, Astbury, Cheshire, England Spouse's name: Elisabeth Hollenshead

 

We can perhaps make a reasonable guess at their ages, based on their apparent burial records:-

  • Thomas Oakes, buried 27 Aug 1835 in Swettenham, age: 68y
  • Elizabeth Oakes, buried 18 Aug 1838 in Swettenham, age: 76y (96y in Bishops transcript!!)

 

If Elizabeth was significantly older than Thomas then perhaps the 1799 marriage in Middlewich should be considered likely, which is also where the couple seem to have had their first children. One problem with this scenario is explaining the long wait before marriage, despite earlier children. I am tempted to suggest that Thomas married two different Elizabeths in his life. But I do not see any sign of the burial of the first one.

 

On the other hand…

  • A couple named Thomas and Elizabeth, 69 and 65, lived in Odd Rode in 1841. Thomas was a labourer.
  • A 74-year-old Thomas Oakes, widower, ratcatcher and thatcher, was living in Goostrey in 1851. He had been born in Congleton.

 

If however Thomas was about 68 in 1835, then the following baptisms deserve consideration…

  • Thomas Oakes, 15 Apr 1764, Middlewich. Father's name: John Oakes. Mother's name: Jane
  • Thos. Oaks, 14 Dec 1766, Siddington. Father's name: John Oaks (of Capesthorne). I suspect this Thomas also married an Elizabeth and was having children a little later than our Thomas.

 

4. Susannah Casey: lost Irish girl?

 

Just about all we know of Susan/Susannah is from her death certificate:

 

REF NO 1873/3617

     

NAME        -SUSAN OAKES

DATE OF DEATH     -5/4/1873

PLACE -STONEY CREEK, NEAR BURROWA NSW

OCCUPATION  -

SEX   -FEMALE

AGE   -48

CONJUGAL  STATUS  -

PLACE OF BIRTH    -LIMERICK IRELAND

TIME IN AUST COLONIES   -UNKNOWN

     

FATHER      -CASEY (NO OTHER NAME STATED)

OCCUPATION  -UNKNOWN

MOTHER      -UNKNOWN

     

PLACE OF MARRIAGE -AUSTRALIA

AGE AT MARRIAGE   -UNKNOWN

NAME OF SPOUSE    -GEORGE OAKES

CHILDREN OF MARRIAGE    -1 MALE, 3 FEMALES LIVING

     

INFORMANT   -WILLIAM OAKES, SON, STONEY CREEK

     

CAUSE OF DEATH    -SEVERE COUGH AND COLD

LENGTH OF ILLNESS -16 DAYS

     

DATE OF BURIAL    -8/4/1873

PLACE OF BURIAL   -MARENGO

MINISTER & RELIGION     -NIL

UNDERTAKER  -WILLIAM KEATING

WITNESSES   -JOHN CODRINGTON, MANUEL SILVIA

           

REGISTERED  -27/6/1873 BURROWA

 

This age of 48 (47 on the memorial) would make Susan seem to have been born about 1826 and married about 13 years old! On the other hand, when her daughter Mary was born, a birth year of about 1820 was implied on the certificate, meaning she would have been 19 years old at the wedding. In any case she was young, and her parents were not there for the marriage. What on earth was she doing there? Australia at this time was still mainly settled by convicts and soldiers, and new arrivals were generally well documented, at least if they were adults. No record has been found of her arrival. Presumably she came as a child, either with a convict mother (convicted mothers were allowed to bring their children), or perhaps shipped over by special permission granted to a convict. Could she had alternatively been the child of a soldier or free settler?

 

In early 2010 I finally found an index online of a ship called the James Pattison, which arrived 11/02/1836, sailing from Cork. This was a ship loaded with single young ladies as part of the program of the Emigration Commission of 1831-1832. This became searchable online after my initial lead was proven very likely to be wrong (see below, appendix). In the words of Dr Liz Rushen, who has researched and published about this program (see her website),

Elizabeth Casey, aged 24 and her sister, Susan aged 19 emigrated from Limerick, Ireland on the James Pattison, arriving in Sydney on 7 February 1836.  Elizabeth was #223 on the ship's list and Susan was #224.

 

There is another genealogical webpage for a woman on this ship, Honora Austin, and this researcher also discussed has been helped by the research of Dr Rushen. She writes:

 

Between 1833 and 1837, fourteen ships disembarked approximately 2,700 women at Sydney, Hobart and Launceston under the first scheme for female emigration between Great Britain and the Australian colonies.

 

In order to be eligible for the government bounty, the women had to meet certain requirements:

 

- They had to want to emigrate – they were not ‘shovelled out’.

 

- Age - at the outset of the scheme, emigration was open to single women and widows between the ages of 18 and 30 years of age, but before the first ship departed, the minimum age was lowered to 15 years. With the inclusion of families on the later LEC ships, girls as young as 12 years of age were allowed the government bounty provided they were travelling with their families.

 

- Health – the women had to be healthy enough to undertake the three-month voyage – one woman was not allowed to emigrate as she had a ‘sore knee’. Others, however, emigrated with consumption and two or three died from this cause during the voyages.

 

- Conduct - the women had to obtain references from two reputable people.

 

- The final check was an interview by the committee or its agent.

 

- Money to cover the costs of emigration - in 1833, the cost of a passage to Australia was estimated to be between £17 and £19. Initially it was proposed that the British treasury would pay to the LEC £6 on the departure of each woman eligible for the bounty, £6 was to be paid on their arrival in the colonies and £6 was to be raised by the woman herself. By the end of 1834 the government agreed to cover the passage costs for each woman. Emigrants still had to have sufficient funds to get to the ports of departure and provide the required outfit for the journey.

 

Administered for the Colonial Office by the London Emigration Committee, the scheme met with immediate criticism. The Committee was condemned for its selection processes in what was seen as a plot to transplant immoral women and the sweepings of British and Irish workhouses and charitable institutions to colonial society.

 

Intensive research has revealed that, at most, only one quarter of the women were from workhouses or charitable institutions. Many of the women were emigrating in family groups, or joining family or friends on the colonies.

 

Condemned for their independence, most of the women were enterprising individuals who successfully managed the migration experience and made valuable contributions to the development of Australian colonial society.

 

The age and date for Susan Casey is clearly very close to what we need, and the place of origin, Limerick, is a match. We have found that there was one more way that young ladies might suddenly appear in the colony, ready to marry! Elizabeth Rushen had never traced the two sisters to any marriage, although Elizabeth had made an application to marry a convict in 1840.

 

The only way to try to confirm this new theory is perhaps by trying to find Elizabeth, and see what her death certificate says. More generally, if there are lots of coincidences, the case becomes stronger. As a first step in this process it is fascinating to find that one of only 3 Elizabeth Casey marriages from 1836 to 1860 was very close to Susan in 1853 in the Church of England, Gundaroo, Gunning, Yass. This was to one William Griffin. Perhaps most interesting for us is that this couple, or at least one of their sons, settled in the small village of Murringo, where the Oakes family also came to live.

 

More records should be checked however, because as mentioned above Casey was a common name in the Gundaroo area, and furthermore the distance between Yass and Newcastle, where the sisters were initially assigned to work for James Reid, is a big one!

 

 

 

APPENDIX. A False Lead

 

Before I found a record of the young ladies on the James Pattison, I found leads which all headed in one direction. In 1838 I found a record of Susan being either in Australia, or expected there, because there was a letter waiting for her:

            Casey Susan Miss NSW Sydney 1 June 1838 Postal Government Gazette 1838 p359

 

Secondly, given that Casey was and is a common name in Australia, I looked at Caseys who come from Limerick, the options narrowed down a lot…

 

A good internet resource for such a search is Peter Mayberry’s website: http://www.pcug.org.au/~ppmay/cgi-bin/db/search.cgi?query=casey&stpos=0&stype=AND. Extracting…

First Name

Ship

Tried

Trial Place

Term

DOB

Native Place

Remarks

Connor

Pilot (1817)

1816

Limerick Co

7

1779

Limerick

Labourer

John

Brampton (1823)

1822

Limerick Co

7

1783

Limerick

Carter reaper

Mary

City of Edinburgh (1) [1828]

1828

Limerick

7

1803

Limerick Co

Farm servant

Michael

Brampton (1823)

1822

Limerick Co

7

1797

Limerick

Carter reaper

Michael

Guildford (3) [1818]

1817

Limerick

7

1786

Tipperary

Labourer

Michael

Providence I (1811)

1809

Limerick City

7

 

 

 

William

Prince Regent I (2) [1824]

1823

Limerick

Life

1789

Limerick

Fencer reaper

 

We can eliminate all those who traveled significantly before 1820, because Susan’s father and mother must have still been in Ireland to conceive her around then at the earliest it seems. So Connor, and Michael on the Providence, are out. (Besides, Michael died before reaching Australia.) I can also say that Michael of the Brampton’s descendents are known. See http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~casey/cas_0001.html.

 

Our most interesting line of enquiry has been through looking for convicts who might have brought children over. For some listings of such requests see especially http://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/transportation/search01.html. In this respect the outstanding candidate is William Casey who came over on the Prince Regent.

 

The original crime of William Casey is described in a newspaper: http://www.irelandoldnews.com/Galway/1823/MAY.html

 

Connaught Journal

published Galway, Ireland

Monday, May 26, 1823

 

PROVINCIAL NEWS

(From the Limerick Chronicle)

 

On Monday last, at the hour of ten o'clock in the morning, the dwelling-house of Robert HARDING, Esq. of *erawalin, in this county, was assailed and broken into by a band of ruffians, some of whom had their faces disguised; they dashed thro' the windows on the ground floor, forcing in the sashes, and then rushed upstairs, forcing the females of the house before them. On the landing of the stairs they were met by Mr. HARDING, who fired at them, but (by the interposition of his sister) without effect. They then knocked down Mr. H., beat him most severely, and fired several shots at him while he lay on the floor. They then possessed themselves of all the arms in the house, consisting of two double-barrelled guns, two single guns, a pistol, a powder-horn, shot-pouch, and a small di*k, which they carried off. Immediately after the outrage, Richard MASON, Esq. a Magistrate, accompanied by this brothers and Messrs. H. & R. HARDING, with a detachment of the Rifle Brigade, from Ballyagran, scoured the country in the direction of Drumcolloher, but without effect at that period; but at seven o'clock the same evening, they proceeded to the neighbourhood of Garryfeine and Fort, on the borders of the county of Cork, where they succeeded in apprehending 11 of the most notorious character, four of whom we are happy to find, were fully identified by Richard MASON, Esq. The names are Michael RYAN, Thomas MEADE; Richard MOLONY; and William CASEY.

 

The newspapers of the time were very concerned with attempts by Catholics to arm and organize themselves, and this appears to be precisely such a case. A special law had been introduced making it illegal for Catholics to posses arms or gather in numbers. NSW State records holds a copy of summaries of results from the Limerick Summer Assizes of 1823 for William Casey of the Prince Regent, confirming that he was convicted with Michael Ryan, Thomas Meade, Richard Malony/Molony, as well as others at the same time all for “seizing arms”. So it appears clear that the above newspaper article was not meant to imply that this was a robbery with money or violence as the aim. In short William was one of the many Irish sent to Australia because he was a potential political trouble maker in a time of great fear of rebellion.

 

His letter requesting that his family be sent out names the two men who caught him as references!

 

To his Excellency Sir Thomas Brisbane K.C.B. Captain Generale Governor and Commander in Chief in and near? His Majesty’s Territory of New South Wales and its Dependances?

 

The Humble Memorial of William Casey

Sheweth

 

That your Memorialist came to the Colony in the Ship Prince Regent Wales master in 1824 and was tried at Limerick at the Summer Assizes in 1823 and received sentence of Exile for life. Left a Wife Joan and Three children (residing at the time your Memorialist left his native Country) in the Parish of Rock Hill near? The town of Bruff in the County of Limerick ??? married in the year 1810 by the Rev. M. Sullivan [maybe Garret O’Sullivan?] pastor of Knockaderra, to whom and Richard Mason ??? and to Mr Harding both of the parish of Ballynghrame? [Ballyagran] In the aforesaid County of Limerick your Memorialist most respectfully begs leave to refer for the truth of which he then states. –

 

Your Memorialist therefore humbly prays that your Excellency may be graciously pleased to grant that your Memorialist’s Wife and Three children may be sent out to him to this Colony as he can be honest industry support them without any ??? to the Crown. [After this point a mass of small writing makes it difficult to decipher much more; this appears to be made up of a positive note from a person (John Wyley) who vouches for William’s industriousness in the colony.]

 

It is fascinating that he mentions three children, but only two are mentioned as coming with his wife on the Forth of 1830. More specifically, according to Perry McIntyre “In May 1830 his wife Johanna Casey and two daughters, Mary 19, Catherine 9 appear in a list Dublin Castle enclosing a list of wives and children of convicts in NSW who were from Limerick and had been embarked on board the convict ship Forth as free passengers to NSW”.

 

Was Susan a third daughter who somehow made her way separately to the colony and perhaps became lost?

 

William was quite far from Yass, though on the right side of Sydney it seems, and perhaps in the 1820s he had not been so far from his fellow convict George Oakes. In 1824, to quote the NSW “Colonial Secretary’s Index” he was “On return of convicts maintained and mustered by John Oxley in 1824; listed as Carey (Fiche 3148; 4/1843B No.617 p.949)” which means that he may have been part of an early expedition up to what would become Brisbane. But in 1828, the year Oxley the famous pioneer died, he was a Government Servant working as a labourer for Mr John Coghill, in Kirkham, Cooke. At the time he was 40 years old. As I understand it, the Coghills had worked for Oxley and Kirkham had belonged to him.

 

He eventually became a free man for all intents and purposes within the colony, first collecting an exemption from government labour (the first one mentions district Bringelly, and the second is for the district of Cook)…

Surname

Firstname

Vessel

Year

TicketNo

Date

SRref

SRFiche

Remarks

CASEY

William

Prince Regent

1824

31/148

20/5/1831

4/4284, 4/4062

1004, 1006

with his wife and two daughters, free per "Forth"

CASEY

William

Prince Regent

1824

32/103

2/1/1832

4/4285, 4/4062

1005, 1006

with his wife, free per "Forth"; torn up on his receiving a ticket of leave (no.33/632)

…Note the mention of a ticket of leave. There was also 33/678. In 1837 he is recorded as having been living still in the district of Cook. Soon after, came a conditional pardon…

Surname

FirstName

Alias

Vessel

Year

Pardon No

Pardon Type

Date of Pardon

Item

Reel

Remarks

Page

CASEY

William

-

Prince Regent

-

38/11309

CP

30 Oct 1838

[4/4481]

774

-

28

CASEY

William

-

Prince Regent

1824

39/328

CP

1 Nov 1838

[4/4437]

777

-

155

 

In 2008 I have finally been lucky enough to be contacted by a descendant of Mary Casey, the daughter of William and Johanna, named Tracey Jones. She informs me that Mary lived and died in Burrowa, an area where Susan also lived. She died there in 21st May 1888, and her death certificate confirms the that her parents were from Limerick, while a marriage application mentions her arrival on the Forth. Mary had 4 living sons and 1 living daughter when she died. Only one son has not been traced, and the others were all born in the Burrowa area, starting about 1840. She had children to at least 3 men during her life, William Nealon or Naylor, John Ure or Hure, and Stephen Woodcock.

 

This lead started to come to an end when we decided to take the bull by the horns and we arranged a mitochondrial DNA test, to compare direct maternal line descendants from a daughter of William Casey (Tracey’s family) and Susan Casey. The mismatch was very clear!