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(wikipedia) Nostradamus (December 14, 1503 July 2, 1566), born Michel de Nostredame, is one of the world's most famous authors of prophecies. He is best known for his book Les Propheties, which consists of one unrhymed and 941 rhymed quatrains, grouped into nine sets of 100 and one of 42, called "Centuries". Nostradamus Preface to César, 1555 Since the time of publication of the book, a virtual cult has grown around Nostradamus and his Propheties. With each succeeding major disaster, such as that of 9/11, people have sought (always after the event) to find a quatrain (or two) that "predicts" it usually taking considerable liberties either with the original text or with the event itself. Yet, to date, no one is known to have succeeded in using any specific quatrain to predict any event whatsoever in advance. Nevertheless, interest in the work of this prominent figure of the French Renaissance is still considerable, especially in the media and in popular culture, and the prophecies have in some cases been assimilated to the results of applying the alleged Bible Code, as well as to other purported prophetic works.
Nostradamus: astrologue, médecin et confiturier
(wikipedia) Recent research has suggested that most of his prophetic work was in fact based on paraphrasing collections of ancient end-of-the-world prophecies (mainly Bible-based the end of the world was expected at the time to occur in either 1800 or 1887, or possibly in 2242, depending on the system adopted) and supplementing their insights by projecting known historical events and identifiable anthologies of omen-reports into the future with the aid of comparative horoscopy. It is thanks to this that his work contains so many predictions involving ancient figures such as Sulla, Marius, Nero, Hannibal and so on, as well as descriptions of "battles in the clouds" and "frogs falling from the sky". Astrology itself is mentioned only twice in Nostradamus' Preface, and 41 times in the Centuries themselves, though rather more in his famously baffling dedicatory Letter to King Henri II. His historical sources include easily identifiable passages from Livy, Suetonius, Plutarch and a range of other classical historians, as well as from the chronicles of medieval authors such as Villehardouin and Froissart. Many of his broader astrological references, by contrast, are taken almost word for word from the Livre de l'estat et mutations des temps of 1549–50 by Richard Roussat. Even the planetary tables, already published by professional astrologers, on which he based the birth charts that he was unable to avoid preparing himself are easily identifiable by their detailed figures, even where (as is usually the case) he gets some of them wrong. (Refer to the seminal analysis of these charts by Brind'Amour, 1993,[5] and compare Gruber's comprehensive critique of Nostradamus’ horoscope for Crown Prince Rudolph Maximilian.)[9] His major prophetic source was evidently the Mirabilis liber of 1522, which contained a range of prophecies by Pseudo-Methodius, the Tiburtine Sibyl, Joachim of Fiore, Savonarola and others. (His Preface contains no fewer than 24 biblical quotations, all but two of them in exactly the same order as Savonarola.)[10] The book had enjoyed considerable success in the 1520s, when it went through half a dozen editions (see Links below for facsimiles and translations). The obvious question — why the Mirabilis liber did not sustain its influence in the way that Nostadamus’ writings did — is explained mainly by the fact that the book (like the Bible) was mostly in Latin and in Gothic script and, to make matters even more complicated for the general reader, contained many abstruse scholastic abbreviations. Nostradamus was, in effect, one of the first to present his prophecies (and others) openly in the French vernacular, as was also happening to the Bible at the time, which is no doubt why he has retained all the credit for them. The Mirabilis liber (some of the predictions of which had already lapsed by the time Nostradamus started writing) was not translated into French until 1831, and this mainly for scholarly and antiquarian reasons at a time when knowledge of Latin was beginning to die out. Meanwhile, if Nostradamus' many competitors and he had many never accused him of copying from it, it was because copying or paraphrasing, far from being regarded (as it is today) as mere plagiarism, was regarded at the time as what all good, educated people should do anyway. The whole Renaissance was based on the idea. Copying from the classics in particular, often without acknowledgement, and preferably from memory, was all the rage.[11] Only in the 17th century did people start to be surprised by the fact that much of his output was evidently based on earlier and often classical originals — which was no doubt why, according to the early commentator Théophile de Garencières, his Prophecies started to be used as a classroom-reader at that time.[12] Nostradamus, it should be remembered, denied in writing on several occasions that he was a prophet on his own account. In translation:
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