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[My paper]
Peter Jensen
,
L Arnold
,
James Swanson
,
Benedetto Vitiello
,
Howard Abikoff
,
Laurence Greenhill
,
Lily Hechtman
,
Stephen Hinshaw
,
William Pelham
,
Karen Wells
,
C Conners
,
Glen Elliott
,
Jeffery Epstein
,
Betsy Hoza
,
John March
,
Brooke Molina
,
Jeffrey Newcorn
,
Joanne Severe
,
Timothy Wigal
,
Robert Gibbons
,
Kwan Hur
|
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OBJECTIVE:: In the intent-to-treat analysis of the Multimodal Treatment
Study of Children With ADHD (MTA), the effects of medication management
(MedMgt), behavior therapy (Beh), their combination (Comb), and usual
community care (CC) differed at 14 and 24 months due to superiority of
treatments that used the MTA medication algorithm (Comb+MedMgt) over
those that did not (Beh+CC). This report examines 36-month outcomes, 2
years after treatment by the study ended. METHOD:: For primary outcome
measures (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and
oppositional defiant disorder [ODD] symptoms, social skills, reading
scores, impairment, and diagnostic status), mixed-effects regression
models and orthogonal contrasts examined 36-month outcomes. RESULTS::
At 3 years, 485 of the original 579 subjects (83.8%) participated in
the follow-up, now at ages 10 to 13 years, (mean 11.9 years). In
contrast to the significant advantage of MedMgt+Comb over Beh+CC for
ADHD symptoms at 14 and 24 months, treatment groups did not differ
significantly on any measure at 36 months. The percentage of children
taking medication >50% of the time changed between 14 and 36 months
across the initial treatment groups: Beh significantly increased (14%
to 45%), MedMed+Comb significantly decreased (91% to 71%), and CC
remained constant (60%-62%). Regardless of their treatment use changes,
all of the groups showed symptom improvement over baseline. Notably,
initial symptom severity, sex (male), comorbidity, public assistance,
and parental psychopathology (ADHD) did not moderate children's
36-month treatment responses, but these factors predicted worse
outcomes over 36 months, regardless of original treatment assignment.
CONCLUSIONS:: By 36 months, the earlier advantage of having had 14
months of the medication algorithm was no longer apparent, possibly due
to age-related decline in ADHD symptoms, changes in medication
management intensity, starting or stopping medications altogether, or
other factors not yet evaluated. |