History of the Order

 

by Sister Kathleen O'Neill
Mississippi Abbey, Dubuque, Iowa, USA

 

XXXII. Nuns

Background

#Labarge, Margaret Wade. A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life. Boston, Beacon Press, 1986.

#Power, Eileen. Medieval Women, ed M M Postan. Cambridge, Cambridge U Press, 1975.

#Wemple, Suzanne Fonay. Women in Frankish Society: Marriage and the Cloister 500 to 900. Philadelphia, U of Penn Press, 1981.

Primary Sources

Dans la tradition de Benoît et de Colomban. Règles monastiques au féminin. FT, intro, notes L de Seilhac, M B Saïd, M M Braquet, V Dupont. Pref A de Vogüé. Abbaye de Bellefontaine, 1996, 332 pp. Rvw COCR 58 (1996) [82].

#Elder, Rozanne, ed. The New Monastery: Texts and Studies on the Early Cistercians, CF-60 (1998); pp 209-218 deal with the nuns; pp 209-10 has ET of Tart’s incorporation charter.

#”Periculoso” Latin text and ET in E Makowski, Canon Law and Cloistered Women: Periculoso and Its Commentators, 1298-1545 (Washington DC, Catholic U of America Press, 1997) 133-136.

#Usages of the Cistercian Nuns of the Strict Observance. Published by the General Chapter of 1933.

#Usages of the Lay Sisters of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance. Published by order of the General Chapter, 1947.

Secondary Sources

see Citeaux 40 (1989) 497-503 for bibliography on Frauenmystik of the 13th century.

#Word and Spirit 11.

#Medieval Religious Women, ed John A Nichols & Lillian Thomas Shank OCSO

Vol 1. Distant Echoes, CS-71, 1984 (DE)

Vol 2. Peace Weavers

Vol 3. Hidden Springs: Cistercian Monastic Women, CS-113(A&B), 1995. (HS). Rvw E Connor, COCR 58 (1996) [96-99].

#fiches 30-31

#fiche 44, "Cistercian Nuns"

#fiche 59, "The Great Century of the Nuns"

#fiche 60, "The Life of Cistercian Nuns in the 13th Century"

#fiche 113, "The Cistercian Nuns in the 19th Century"

St Thomas an der Kyll: Zeit und Geist. Beiträge zu der Geschichte der ehemaligen Zisterzienserinnenabtei. St Thomas an der Kyll, Bishöflichen Priesterhaus St Thomas, 1980. Rvw Citeaux 33 (1982) 239-40.

Gebete aus St Thomas: Geistliche texte aus einer mittelalterlichen Zisterzienserinnenabtei des Trierer Landes, tr & collected by A Heinz.  St Thomas an der Kyll, Bishöflichen Priesterhaus St Thomas, 1980. Rvw Citeaux 33 (1982) 239-40.

#A Religious of Holy Cross Abbey. La Trappe in England. London, Burns Oates & Washbourne, 1935. History of Stapehill, incl brief history of the Order.

#Allendorff, J. «Zisterzienser-Nonnenklöster des Bistums Kammin am Vorabend der Reformation,» Citeaux 24 (1973) 161-74.

#Baury, Ghislain. “Émules puis sujettes de l’Ordre cistercien. Les cisterciennes de Castille et d’aileurs face au chapitre générale aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles,” Citeaux 52 (2001) 27-58.  From abstract: “…challenges a judgment common among historians of the Cistercian nuns, which regards their sudden appearancein the statutes of the General Chapter…in the early13th century as an improvement in their situation.”

Bell, Carmine Jan. The Rise of Monastic Women in the Life and Letters of Early Medieval England and Ireland. Charlottesville, U of Virginia, PhD thesis, 1975.

#Bell, David. What Nuns Read: Books and Libraries in Medieval English Nunneries. CS0158, 1995. Rvw Citeaux 48 (1997) 203-5.

#Berings, Geert. "Cinq abbayes cisterciennes en Flandre française. Fondation et histoire des premières décennies," Citeaux 45 (1994) 63-87.

#Berman, Constance H. "The Economic Practices of Cistercian Women's Communities: A Preliminary Look" in S&S, 15-32.

#Berman, Constance. "Cistercian Nuns and the Development of the Order: The Abbey at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs outside Paris" in The Joy of Learning and the Love of God: Essays in Honor of Jean Leclercq. (CS-160, 1995), 121-156.

#Bolton, Brenda M. “Mulieres Sanctae” in Studies in Church History Vol 10: Sanctity and Secularity: The Church and the World, ed D Baker (New York, Harper and Row, 1973) 77-95. On the 13th c Frauenbewegung.

#Bondeelle-Souchier, Anne. "Les moniales cisterciennes et leurs livres manuscrits dans la France d'Ancien Règime," Citeaux 45 (1994) 193-336. Listings of library holdings.

Bouton, Jean de la Croix OCSO, "L'etablissement des moniales cisterciennes" in Debuts des abbayes cisterciennes (by himself?) mentioned in fiche 30.

Bouton, Chauvin, Grosjean, «L’abbaye de Tart et ses filiales au moyen-age» in Mélanges à la Mémoire du Père Anselm Dimier. Hist. Cist. II, 19-61.

#Bouton, Jean de la Croix, director. Les Moniales Cisterciennes. Abbaye ND d'Aiguebelle.

Vol. I. Histoire externe. Première partie: Jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle. 1986.

Vol. II. Histoire externe. Deuxième partie: du XVIe siècle à nos jours. 1987.

Vol. III. Histoire interne. Etudes sur la vie des moniales. 1988.

#Bouton, Jean de la Croix OCSO. "The Life of the Twelfth and Thirteenth-Century Nuns of Citeaux," HS, 11-27.

#Brooke, Christopher. The Monastic World: 1000-1300, photos Wim Swaan. New York, Random House, 1974. Ch 11, "On abbesses and prioresses," 167-180; pp 172 bottom - 178, pictures & text on Cistercians.

#Brouette, É. «Chronologie des abbesses d’Argenton,» Citeaux 22 (1971) 15-22.

Byrne, Mary of the Incarnation, Sr. The Tradition of the Nun in Medieval England. Washington DC, 1932.

Campbell, J A. «Virgins Consecrated to God in rome during the First Centuries,» American Catholic Quarterly Review 25 (1900) 766-799.

#Campion, Eleanor. “Citeaux Our Mother? Early Cistercian Women’s History Revisited” CSQ 34.4 (1999) 483-500.

#Carville, Geraldine. "Cistercian Nuns in Medieval Ireland: Plary Abbey, Ballymore, County Westmeath," HS, 63-84.

#Chauvin, B. «Y-eut-il une abbaye de moniales cisterciennes à Florimont?» Citeaux 39 (1988) 315-24. Answer: non.

#Coester, E. "Zwei Cistercienserinnerkirchen mit den Namen Mariäkron in Rechentshofen und Oppenheim," Citeaux 38 (1987) 24-33.

#Connor, Elizabeth. «The First Cistercian Nuns and Renewal Today,» CSQ 5.2 (1970) 131-68. Pp 132-154 is good overview of governance re early OC-fem.

Connor, Elizabeth. «Le gouvernement des moniales. Point de vue historique,» COCR 34 (1972) 230-60.

#Connor, Elizabeth. "Cistercian Nuns Today," HS 769-784. Includes short, excellent history from French Rev to present.

#Connor, Elizabeth OCSO. "Ten Centuries of Growth: The Cistercian Abbey of Soleilmont," DE 251-267.

#Connor, Elizabeth. "The Abbeys of Las Huelgas and Tart and Their Filiations," HS 29-48.

#Connor, Elizabeth. “Cistercian Nuns of the Strict Observance 1950-2000, Then and Now; Evolution of Juridical Structures,” CSQ 35.4 (2000) 433-458.

#De Ganck, Roger OCSO. "The Cistercian Nuns of Belgium in the Thirteenth Century," CSQ 5.2 (1970) 169-187. Mainly on their spirituality.

#De Ganck, Roger. "de 'reformatie-beweging' bij de Zuid-Nederlandse cisterciënserinnen in de 15e eeuw," Citeaux 32 (1981) 75-86.

#De Ganck, Roger. "The Integration of Nuns in the Cistercian Order, Particularly in Belgium," Cîteaux 35 (1984) 235-247. Rvw EC, CSQ 23 (1988) [188-9].

#De Ganck, Roger. "Marginalia to Visitation Cards for Cistercian Nuns in Belgium," Citeaux 40 (1989) 227-243. Mainly on 15th-18th centuries.

#Degler-Spengler, Brigitte. "The Incorporation of Cistercian Nuns Into the Order in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Century," HS, 85-134; pp 105-120, focus on Switzerland.

#Dimier, A. «L’architecture des églises des moniales cisterciennes,» Citeaux 25 (1974) 8-23.

#Dunn, Marilyn. The Emergence of Monasticism: From the Desert Fathers to the Early Middle Ages. Oxford, Blackwell, 2000.  The subtitle is a better guide to the period covered. Balanced, but totally disengaged.

Epiney-Burgard, G & E Zum Brunn. Femmes Troubadours de Dieu. Turnhout, Editions Brepols, 1988. Rvw RdG, Citeaux 39 (1988) 394-5. On Mechtilde of M, Marguerite Porete, Hildegard, Beatrice & Hadewijch.

Faust, Ulrich, OSB, ed. Die Männer‑ und Frauenklöster der Zisterzienser in Niedersachsen, Schleswig‑Holstein und Hamburg. St Ottilien, EOS Verlag, Erzabtei St Ottilien, 1994. 912 pp. Rvw Citeaux 46 (1995) 381‑2.

#France, James. «The Nuns» in The Cistercians in Medieval Art (CS-170, 1998), 139-168.

#Gayoso, Andrea. “The Lady of Las Huelgas: A Royal Abbey andits Patronage,” Citeaux 51.1-2 (2000) 91-115.

Graves, Coburn. «English Cistercian Nuns in Lincolnshire,» Speculum 54 (1979) 492-499.

#Guerrier, Alain. “Les moniales cisterciennes en Berry au XVIIe siècle: Transferts, réformes et créations” in L’Ordre cistercien et le Berry (Conseil général du Cher, Bourges, 15-16 Mai 1998) 127-138.

Hamilton, B. "The House of Theophylact and the Promotion of the Religious Life Among Women in Tenth-Century Rome," SM 12 (1970) 194-216.  Rvw CD, CSQ 10 (1975) [184-5].

*#Henneau, M-E. “Réformes chez les moniales cisterciennes: Perspectives de recherches et réflexions méthodologiques” in L’Ordre cistercien et le Berry (Conseil général du Cher, Bourges, 15-16 Mai 1998) 41-51.

#Hermans, Vincent OCSO. “Le Père immédiat de nos moniales,” COCR 31.1 (1969) 65-73. #ET «The Fathers Immediate of Our Nuns,» CSQ 5.2 (1970) 188-198. Discusses esp later 19th c to «present», & brf overview of 12th .

#Heutger, Nicolas. "Zisterzienser-Nonnen im mittelalterlichen Niedersachsen," Citeaux 38 (1987) 193-199.

#Kopičková, Božena. "Laien als Wohltäter der Zisterzienserinnen in Böhmen und Mähren im Licht der Urkinden," Citeaux 47 (1996)115-132.

#Kuhn-Rufus, Maren. "Cistercian Nuns in Germany In the Thirteenth Century: Upper-Swabian Cistercian Abbeys Under the Paternity of Salem," HS, 135-158.

#Lackner, Bede OCist. "Cistercian Nuns in Medieval Hungary," HS, 159-170.

Laurence, P. “Les moniales de l’aristocratie: Grandeur et humilité,” Vigiliae Christianae 51 (1997) 140-157. Rvw COCR 61 (1999/2) [447-8].

Leclercq, J. «Cisterciennes et filles de S. Bernard. Á propos des structures variées des monastères de moniales au Moyen Âge.» SM 32 (1990) 139-56. Rvw COCR 53 (1991) [80].,

#Leclercq, Jean OSB. "Medieval Feminine Monasticism: Reality versus Romantic Images," SMCH VIII, 53-70.

#Leclercq, Jean OSB. "Monasticism and the Promotion of Women," WS 11, 3-15.

Leidenger, P. «Die Abtei Himmelpforten zwischen Reformation aund Säkularisation. Zur Verfassungsgeschichte eines westfälischen Zisterzienserinnenklosters,» Westfälische Zeitschrift 121 (1971) 283-349. Rvw Citeaux 24 (1973) 327.

#Leroux, G. "Notices de trois soeurs, toutes trois moniales de l'abbaye de Tabosa (Portugal) au XVIIIe siècle," Citeaux 44 (1993) 354-378.

Luddy, Ailbe J. The Cistercian Nuns. Dublin, M H Gill & Son, 1931.

#Makowski, E. Canon Law and Cloistered Women: Periculoso and Its Commentators, 1298-1545. Washington DC, Catholic U of America Press, 1997.

McNamara, Jo Ann Kay. Sisters in Arms: Catholic Nuns Through Two Millennia. Cambridge MA, Harvard UP, 1996. Rvw TK, ABR 50.1 (1999) 112-14. Perspective more sociological than spiritual.

Metz, René. La consécration des vièrges dans l’Église Romaine. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1954. («The fundamental work» on topic - Bouton).

Monsees, Yvonee. Das Zisterzienserinnen kloster Gottesthal im Rheingau: Geschichte, Verfassung, Besitz. Wiesbaden, Historische Kommission für Nassau, 1986. Rvw Citeaux 38 (1987) 379-80.

#Moor, Geertruida de. "Laybrothers and Laysisters in Frisia and Holland: circa 1300 - circa 1600" CSQ 27 (1992) 329-340.

#Moor, Geertruida de. «Anthony, Son of Roelof, Laybrother of the Cistercian abbey of Leeuwenhorst (1476-1517/18),» CSQ 33.3 (1998) 277-287. Anthony worked for the nuns of Leeuwenhorst.

Mountain, Jackie. "Nunnery Finances" in Monastic Studies II, ed J Loades (Headsatart History, Bangor, Gwynedd). Brf rvw Citeaux 43 (1992) 463.

#Nichols, J A. "Medieval Cistercian Nunneries and English Bishops," DE 237-249.

#Nichols, J A. "Cistercian Nuns in Twelfth and Thirteenth-Century England," HS 49-62.

#Pipon, Brigitte. "Un monastère de moniales cisterciennes: L'Abbaye-aux-Bois (1202-1906)," Citeaux 45 (1994) 91-108.

#Presse, Alexis. “The Reformed Cistercian Nuns,” ET K Lyzotte & C Dvorak, private circulation.

Riechert, Ursula. Oberschwäbische Reichsklöstor im Beziehungsgeflecht mit Königtum, Adel und Städten (12.bis 15.Jahrhundert). Dargestellt am Beispiel von Weingarten, Feinssenau und Baindt. Frankfurt/Bern/New York: Peter Lang, 1986. Rvw Citeaux 39 (1988) 375-7. Baindt was a Cistercian nuns' convent.

#Rissel, Hiltrud. "Entdeckung einer Inkorporationsurkunde für ein frühes Frauenkloster im 12. Jahrhundert," Cîteaux 39 (1988) 43-62.

#Roberts, Augustine OCSO. "The Cistercian Nuns of Lima," Word and Spirit 11, 116-27.

Roisin, Simone. "L'efflorescence cistercienne et le courant féminin de piété au XIIIe siècle," Revue d’histoire ecclesiastique 39 (1943) 342-73.

Schätz, Gottfried. Die Klostergründung Marienfeld. Diplomarbeit. Vienna, 1985. Rvw Citeaux 39 (1988) 374-5. A women's house in Lower Austria.

#Schmidt, Miriam & Linda Kulaer, eds. Medieval Women Monastics: Wisdom’s Wellsprings (Collegeville, Liturgical Press, 1996). Rvw CSQ 33.3 (1998) 395-6. Bios of Scholastica, Hilda, Frideswide, Erentrude, Walburga, Leoba, Tetta, Irmengard, Hrotsvit, Hildegard, Elisabeth of Schönau, Herrad, Lutgard, Mechtild of Magdeburg, Mechtild of Hackeborn, Gertrud, & Dame Gertrude More.

Schmitz, Philibert. Histoire de l’Ordre de saint Benoît, Vol 7, Les Moniales. Maredsous, 1956. Rvw TK, ABR 50.1 (1999) 112-14

Stramara, D. “Adelφοτης. H. Two Frequently Overlooked Meanings,” Vigiliae Christianae 51 (1997) 316-20. Brf rvw COCR 61 (1999.2) [450].

#Stramara, D. “Double Monasticism in the Greek East, Fourth through Eight Centuries,” Journal of Early Christian Studies 6 (1998) 269-312. Rvw COCR 61 (1999.2) [450-1].

#Summers, Janet. "The First Four Stages in the History of Cistercian Nuns, 1125-1228," copy of 5/87 paper being considered for publication.

#Swan, Laura. The Forgotten Desert Mothers: Sayings, lives and stories of early christian women. New York, Paulist Press, 2001.

#Thompson, Sally. “The Problem of the Cistercian Nuns in the Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries” in Derek Baker, ed, Medieval Women (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1978) 1227-252. Outdated in its attitude on the relationship between the Order and the nuns.

Vanja, Christina. Besitz- und Sozialgeschichte der Zisterzienserinnenklöster Caldern und Georgenberg und des Prämonstratenserinnenstiftes Hachborn in Hessen im späten Mittelalter. Darmstadt and Marburg: Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission Darmstadt und der Historischen Kommission für Hessen, 1984. (lvi +414). Rvw Citeaux 39 (1988) 377-9.

Venarde, Bruce L. Women’s Monasticism and Medieval Society: Nunneries in France and England, 890-1215. Ithaca and London, cornell UP, 1997. Rvw ABR 50.4 (1999) 444-5.

#Viforcos Marinas, M Isabel. "El Císter femenino en el Virreinato del Perú: El Monasterio de la Santísima Trinidad," Cister 47 (1995) 539-556.

#Van Moolenbroek, J J. "Caesarius von Heisterbach über Zisterzienserinnen," Citeaux 41 (1990) 45-64.

#Waddell, Chrysogonus. "One Day in the Life of the Savignac Nun: Jehanne de Deniscourt," CSQ 24 (1991) 134-151.

#Walsh, Kilian OCSO. Women Who Keep God's Vigil. Dublin, Clonmore & Reynolds, & London, Burns & Oates, 1964. On Glencairn, with brief history of Cist nuns, & of Stapehill.

#Williams, David H. Chapter 20 «The Nunneries» in The Cistercians in the Early Middle Ages (Trowbridge, Wiltshire, Cromwell Press, 1998), 401-414.

Wiesner-Hanks, Merry, ed. ET J Skocir and M W-H. Convents Confront the Reformation: Catholic and Protestant Nuns in Germany. Milwaukee, Marquette UP, 1996. Rvw ABR 50.1 (1999) 115-6. Gives original texts and translations.