------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version of 4 July 1997 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --0--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2PA, Seversky (I-USA-A|S-F-LN-N-AR1) Two-seat monoplane fighter, developed in parallel with the {P-35}. The 2PA was offered for export. Two were acquired by the USSR, and twenty by Japan which used the designation {A8V} for them. Sweden ordered 52, but all except two were requisitioned by the USAAC and used as {AT-12} trainers. There was also a floatplane version. Type: 2PA-BX Function: fighter Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Wright R-1830-S3C Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 8.20m Height: 2.99m Wing Area: 20.44m2 Empty Weight: 2078kg Max.Weight: Speed: 508km/h Ceiling: Range: 3140km Armament: 5*mg 227kg 18-B, Curtiss (F-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) The 18-B was essentially a biplane version of the {18-T} triplane fighter, and was developed for the US Army. Two were built. Type: 18-B Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp Curtiss-Kirkham K-12 Wing Span: 11.41m Length: 7.11m Height: Wing Area: 28.43m2 Empty Weight: 767kg Max.Weight: 1300kg Speed: 257km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 18-T, Curtiss (F-USA-A-F-T-N-IL1) Two-seat triplane fighter, developed for the USN. The 18-T had a plywood monococque fuselage, which gave it unually clean lines. The 18-T set some records, including a top speed of 262km/h, and an altitude record of 10640m. But only four were built. Type: 18T-1 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp Curtiss-Kirkham K-12 Wing Span: 9.70m Length: 7.11m Height: 3.02m Wing Area: 26.76m2 Empty Weight: 898kg Max.Weight: 1383kg Speed: 265km/h Ceiling: Range: 5.9hrs Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 39B, Aeromarine (F-USA-A|AS-T-B-N-IL1) First shipboard trainer of the USN. Type: 39B Task: trainer Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Curtiss OXX-6 Max. Speed: 117km/h Ceiling: 1525m Max. Range: 440km Armament: 40, Aeromarine (I-USA-AF-UT-B-N-ILBP1) Two-seat biplane flying boat. Fifty delivered to USN. Type: 40 Function: utility / trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 130hp Aeromarine Speed: 129km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: --A----------------------------------------------------------------------- A, Orenco (?-USA-A-T-B-N-?) Two-seat training biplane. A, Wright (E-USA-A-TU-B-*-?1) The first US Army aircraft, a development of the original Wright Flyer biplane. Type: A Function: observation Year: 1909 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 25hp Barringuad Speed: 71km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: A-1, Cox-Clemin Ambulance aircraft. 1923. A-1 Skyraider, Douglas (P-USA-AC-A|E-LN-N-AR1) Large single-engined attack aircraft. The A-1 (originally designated {BT2D}, and later {AD}) Skyraider was designed as a single-seat attack aircraft to replace the less attractive {BTD}, and was much simpler and lighter. It was too late for WWII, but much used in Korea and later in Vietnam. The Skyraider was a very effective attack aircraft, but exhausting for the pilot. There were also multi-place versions, ECM and AEW aircraft, and ASW versions. Some of the 3180 Skyraiders built were still in combat service in 1979. Type: A-1H Function: attack Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2700hp Wright R-3350-26WA Wing Span: 15.25m Length: 11.84m Height: 4.78m Wing Area: 37.193m2 Empty Weight: 5429kg Max.Weight: 11340kg Speed: 518km/h Ceiling: 8685m Range: 2116km Armament: 4*g20mm 3630kg A-1, Fleetwings (?-USA-A-*-?-?-?1) Unmanned target aircraft, a type wth a 80hp engine and 20ft wing span. A-2, Curtiss Later renamed E-2. Belonged to the {Curtiss E} series of early amphibians. A-2, Douglas Attack version of the Douglas {O-2}. 1926. A-2, Fokker Ambulance version of the {T-2}. A-2, North American (P-USA-AC-A|R|K-HN-N-ARW2|J1) Earlier known as the {AJ}, see there. A-2, Radioplane (?-USA-A-*-?-?-?) Unmanned target aircraft. A2D Skyshark, Douglas (P-USA-AC-A-LN-N-T1) The XA2D-1 attack aircraft was derived from the {AD} Skyraider, with a T40 turboprop engine replacing the R-3350 radial of the AD. Most aircraft with the unreliable Allison T40 had to be cancelled, and the A2D was no exception. Type: XA2D-1 Function: attack Year: 1950 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 5035hp Allison XT40 Wing Span: 15.24m Length: 12.60m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: A2F Intruder, Grumman (M-USA-AC-A|E|K-MN-N-J2) Renamed {A-6}, see there. The XA2F prototypes had swivelling engine nozzles, that were removed from the production version. A2J Savage, North American (P-USA-AC-A-HN-N-TW2) Cancelled. The A2J was a development of the {AJ} with two Allison T40 turboprops, an engine that had to be abandoned and the aircraft with it. A2U, Vought Attack derivative of the {F7U}-3. The A2U was cancelled at a very late stage, when the first aircraft were already on the production line. None were completed. A-3 Falcon, Curtiss (I-USA-A-A-B-N-IL1) Development of the {O-1} observation biplane. The US Army ordered 66 A-3As and 78 A-3Bs. Type: A-3 Function: attack Year: Crew: Engines: Speed: 237km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 6*mg, 20*b 5lb A-3, Curtiss (I-USA-A-*-B-N-AR1) Unmanned aerial target version of the {N2C} trainer. A-3 Skywarrior, Douglas (P-USA-AC-B|E|K-HS-N-JU2) Carrier-borne nuclear bomber, a twin-engined, swept-wing jet aircraft. At the time of its introduction it was the largest and heaviest aircraft ever used on carriers. It was also much used as an electronic warfare vehicle, and by the USAF as the {B-66}. The ELINT version is know as the EA-3, the tanker version as the KA-3, and a radar test bed as the NRA-3B. Type: A-3B Function: bomber Year: 1954 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 4763kg P&W J57-P-10 Wing Span: 22.10m Length: 23.27m Height: 6.95m Wing Area: 75.43m2 Empty Weight: 17876kg Max.Weight: 37195kg Speed: 982km/h Ceiling: 12495m Range: 3220km Armament: 2*g20mm, 5443kg A3D Skywarrior, Douglas (P-USA-AC-B|E|K-HS-N-JU2) Renamed {A-3}. A3J Vigilante, North American (P-USA-AC-A|R-HS-N-J2) Renamed {A-5}. A-4, Douglas (I-USA-A-*-B-N-AR1) Unmanned target aircraft, a conversion of the {BT-2}. A-4, Curtiss (I-USA-A-A-B-N-AR1) A single XA-4 was converted from an {A-3} with a P&W R-1340-1 engine. A-4 Skyhawk, McDonnell Douglas (P-USA-AC-A-LD-N-J1) This small and simple tailed delta jet, originally designed as carrier-based (nuclear) bomber, later enjoyed a long career as an extremely versatile attack aircraft. Later developments had a large dorsal spine to make room for electronics. The A-4 was kept in production for 22 years, and is still serving with some air forces. The OA-4 is a two-seat FAC version for the USMC, and the trainer version is known as TA-4. 2960 built. Type: A-4F Function: attack Year: 1966 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 41.4kN P&W J52-P-8A Wing Span: 8.38m Length: 12.22m Height: 4.57m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 4536kg Max.Weight: 11113kg Speed: 1100km/h Ceiling: 14940m Range: 3220km Armament: 2*g20mm, 3720kg Type: A-4M Function: attack Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 5080kg P&W J52-P-408A Wing Span: 8.38m Length: 12.29m Height: 4.57m Wing Area: 24.15m2 Empty Weight: 4747kg Max.Weight: 11113kg Speed: 1078km/h Ceiling: 12880m Range: Armament: 2*g20mm 4153kg A4D Skyhawk, Douglas (P-USA-AC-A-LD-N-J1) Renamed {A-4}. A-5 Vigilante, North American (P-USA-AC-A|R-HS-N-J2) The A-5 was a very advanced supersonic attack aircraft, optimized for low-level attacks at high speed. It was long and angular, with rectangular air intakes, small, thin swept wings incorporating large full-span flaps, and all-moving tail surfaces. But the A-5, one of the biggest aircraft ever operated from a carrier, was not successful in its intended role as nuclear bomber, It has been claimed that the bomb ejection mechanism was unsatisfactory. The bomb bay was between the engines, and the plan was to expell the bomb rearwards, together with two empty fuel tanks. 63 bombers were built, but all but ten were converted to RA-5C reconnaissance aircraft. There were also 55 new RA-5Cs built. These were very effective and served until 1980. Type: RA-5C Function: reconnaissance Year: 1964 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 79.4kN G.E. J79-GE-10 Wing Span: 16.15m Length: 23.32m Height: 5.91m Wing Area: 70.05m2 Empty Weight: 17009kg Max.Weight: 29937kg Speed: M2.1 Ceiling: 147500m Range: 4820km A-6 Intruder, Grumman (M-USA-AC-A|E|K-MN-N-J2) All-weather attack aircraft, entered service in 1963. The A-6 is an ugly mid-wing aircraft, with side-by-side seating in a blunt nose. The subsonic A-6 is a true all-wheater attack aircraft; it has good range and carries a heavier load than any previous USN attack aircraft. It is still in service, but near the end of its career. Over 660 were built. 51 were converted to KA-6D trainers. The A-attack aircraft was the basis for two electronic warfare versions, the two-seat EA-6A and the four-seat EA-6B Prowler. The EA-6B carries up to five AN/ALQ-99 pods, each with two jamming transmitters. Type: A-6E Function: attack Year: 1972 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 41.4kN P&W J52-P-8A Wing Span: 16.15m Length: 16.69m Height: 4.93m Wing Area: 49.13m2 Empty Weight: 12093kg Max.Weight: 27397kg Speed: 1043km/h Ceiling: 14480m Range: 4690km Armament: 8165kg Type: EA-6B Task: electronic warfare Year: 1971 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 49.8kN P&W J52-P-408 Wing Span: 16.15m Length: 18.11m Height: 4.93m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 14588kg Max.Weight: 29485kg Max. Speed: 1048km/h Ceiling: 12550m Max. Range: 3861km Armament: possibly HARM-missiles. A-7, General Aviation (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-IL1) The XA-7 was an attack monoplane with open cockpits and fixed landing gear. It remained experimental. Type: XA-7 Year: 1930 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss Conqueror Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: A-7 Corsair II, LTV (P-USA-A|AC-A-HS-N-J1) The A-7 was a very capable attack aircraft, bought by both USN and USAF. The design used {F-8} Crusader experience in a smaller, subsonic airframe. It was phased out of service recently, but efforts to sell upgraded versions continue. 1551 were built. Type: A-7B Year: 1968 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 54.8kN P&W TF30-P-8 Wing Span: 11.81m Length: 14.05m Height: 4.87m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 8165kg Max.Weight: 19050kg Speed: M0.8 Ceiling: Range: 4540km Armament: 2*g20mm, 2*msl AIM-9, 9072kg A-7 Airacobra, Bell (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-IL1) Unmanned target aircraft, a conversion of the {P-39} Airacobra. It was not built. Later some P-39s were nevertheless converted. A-8 Shrike, Curtiss (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-IL1) The pre-war A-8 was an early Shrike; the operational version was the {A-12}. The most important difference was in the engine: The A-8 had the 600hp Curtiss Conqueror in-line engine. A-9, Lockheed (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-IL1) The Y1A-9 was a proposed attack development of the {P-24} two-seat fighter. The bankrupcy of Lockheed, in 1931, intervened, and it was never built. It would have had a V-1570-24 engine. A-9, Northrop (M-USA-A-A-HN-N-J2) Battlefield attack and tank-killer aircraft, competing for orders with the {A-10}, which won the contract. The A-9 was a large twin-engined shoulder-wing aircraft, with the engines installed under the wing roots. There was little difference between the performance off the A-9 and A-10. Two built. Type: A-9A Function: attack Year: 1974 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 32.2kN Avco-Lycoming F102-LD-10 Wing Span: 17.7m Length: 16.3m Height: 5.2m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 837km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g30mm, 8350kg A-10, Curtiss (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-?1) A stage in the development of the {A-12} Shrike. A-10 Thunderbolt II, Fairchild (M-USA-A-A-LN-N-JF2) Battlefield tank-killer, heavily armoured and built around a powerful 30mm gun and its enormous ammunition drum. The large unswept wing, the two turbofan engines in pods on top of the fuselage, and twin tailfins are all designed to keep the A-10 flying after suffering serious damage. The cockpit is armoured to resist 23mm rounds. The USAF bought 727. It is now intended that the A-10 will continue in service for some time. Proposals to install more powerful engines to improve the rather sluggish performance have been rejected. Combat experience in the Gulf War indicated that Maverick missiles were the preferred anti-tank weapon, and the GAU-8 cannon was little used. Type: A-10A Function: attack Year: 1976 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 40.3kN G.E. TF34-GE-100 Wing Span: 17.53m Length: 16.26m Height: 4.47m Wing Area: 47.01m2 Empty Weight: 11321kg Max.Weight: 22680kg Speed: 805km/h Ceiling: Range: 4200km Armament: 1*g30mm, 7260kg A-11, Consolidated (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-IL1) Version of the {P-25}/{P-30} fighter for the attack role, with an unsupercharged engine and racks for up to 400lb of bombs. A-12 Shrike, Curtiss (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) Two seat attack monoplane. The wings were braced with struts and wires; it had a trousered undercarriage. 46 were built. Type: A-12 Function: attack Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 570kW Wright SR-1820-F52 Wing Span: 13.41m Length: 9.57m Height: 2.84m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1825kg Max.Weight: 2690kg Speed: 293km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 774km Armament: 5*mg7.62mm, 220kg A-12, General Dynamics / McDonnell Douglas (M-USA-AC-A-D-F-?) Program to replace the {A-6} with a 'stealthy' attack aircraft. The A-12 was a flying-wing delta without vertical fins. It was cancelled because of excessive cost. A-12, Lockheed (M-USA-A-R-LD-N-JW2) This 'A-12' is not an official USAF designation, but an internal number given by Lockheed. This was the precursor of the S{R-71} high-speed reconaissance aircraft, and was operated by the CIA. A-13, Northrop (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) Attack aircraft, a military version of the Northrop Gamma. The YA-13 was a modern low-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear. The A-13 was better than the Curtiss {A-12}, but the USAF wanted another engine --- the reengined aircraft became the {A-16}. One YA-13 was built. Type: YA-13 Function: attack Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 735hp Wright SR-1820-F2 Wing Span: 14.63m Length: 8.89m Height: 2.79m Wing Area: 33.72m2 Empty Weight: 1633kg Max.Weight: 2982kg Speed: 333km/h Ceiling: 6630m Range: 1770km Armament: 5*mg7.62mm 500kg A-14 Shrike, Curtiss (I-USA-A-A-MN-N-ARW2) Version of the {A-18} with 540kW Wright R-1670-5 engines. Fourteen built. A-15, Martin (I-USA-A-A-MN-N-ARW2) Attack version of the {B-10} bomber. Cancelled. A-16, Northrop (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) Attack aircraft, a re-engined development of the {A-13}. The twin-row R-1830 with its smaller diameter replaced the single-row R-1820 of the A-13. One built. The USAAF preferred the more developed {A-17}. Type: XA-16 Function: attack Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 950hp P&W R-1830-7 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 295kg A-17 Nomad, Northrop / Douglas (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) This was the Northrop Gamma 2F, also known as Douglas DB-8A after Northrop ceased to exist in 1937. It was basically an redesigned and reengined {A-16}. It was a low wing monoplane, built in versions with fixed (A-17) and retractable (A-17A) undercarriage. The A-17 was reliable, easy to fly and a good performer, but the USAAC did not really know what to do with attack aircraft. In WWII they were obsolete and relegated to second-line duties, except for some exported aircraft. 490 built. Type: A-17A Function: attack Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 825hp P&W R-1535-13 Wing Span: 14.55m Length: 9.65m Height: 3.66m Wing Area: 33.63m2 Empty Weight: 2316kg Max.Weight: 3421kg Speed: 354km/h Ceiling: 5900m Range: 1180km Armament: 5*mg7.62mm, 180kg A-18 Hornet, MDD - Northrop (M-USA-AC-AF-HN-N-J2) First the attack version of the F-18 would have been the A-18. Finally it was decided to assign the double designation F/A-18 to the aircraft. See {F-18}. A-18 Shrike, Curtiss (I-USA-A-A-MN-N-ARW2) The A-18 was a re-engined {A-14}. The A-18 and A-14 were completely different from the earlier {A-8}, {A-10} and {A-12} Shrike series. They were elegant twin-engined aircraft. 13 were built. Type: A-18 Function: attack Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 440kW Wright R-1820-47 Wing Span: 18.13m Length: 12.9m Height: 4.57m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 5750kg Speed: 383km/h Ceiling: 9120m Range: 2575km Armament: 5 * mg, 297kg A-19, Vultee V-11 (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) The Vultee {V-11} light bomber was a private venture development of the Vultee V-1 eight-seat transport, with a new fuselage. Although the type had good performance for its day, the USAAC showed no interest, preferring the smaller {A-17} instead. Some V-11-Gs were sold to China, Brazil, Turkey and the USSR. Finally the USAAC ordered seven YA-19s, of which three were converted into XA-19 engine testbeds. Type: YA-19 Function: attack Year: 1939 Crew: Engines: 1 * 1200hp P&W R-1830-17 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 2927kg Max.Weight: Speed: 370km/h at 1980m Ceiling: Range: 1768km Armament: A-20, Douglas (S-USA-A-AB-HN-N-ARW2) Twin-engined light bomber that was built in large numbers until 1944. The A-20 was a shoulder wing aircraft, compact and powerful. Numerous were sold and lend-leased to Britain and the USSR. In Britain the type was known as the {Boston}. The performance was good enough to encourage night fighter developments, called {Havoc} in Britain and {P-70} in the USA. 7385 were built. Type: A-20G Function: attack Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1180kW Wright R-2600-23 Wing Span: 18.96m Length: 14.63m Height: 5.36m Wing Area: 43.20m2 Empty Weight: 7250kg Max.Weight: 12338kg Speed: 548km/h Ceiling: 7800m Range: 1750km Armament: 5*mg7.62mm, 4*g*20mm, 1814kg A-21, Boeing-Stearman (S-USA-A-A-?-?-?) Only one XA-21 was built. It flew in 1939. A-22 Maryland, Martin (S-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW2) This twin-engined bomber was never used by the USAF, it was ordered only by France and Britain. The designation A-22 was used for aircraft built under lend-lease contracts. The Maryland was a sleek bomber with a good performance, but a very cramped fuselage; hence the development of the {A-30} Baltimore with a deeper fuselage. About 450 were built. Type: Maryland Mk II Function: bomber Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 895kW P&W R-1830-S3C4G Wing Span: 18.69m Length: 14.22m Height: 4.57m Wing Area: 50.03m2 Empty Weight: 5086kg Max.Weight: 7624kg Speed: 447km/h Ceiling: 7925m Range: 1738km Armament: 6*mg7.7mm A-24 Banshee, Douglas (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) Army version of the {SBD} Dauntless dive-bomber. The USAF used 948 of the 5937 Dauntlesses built. The A-24, A-24A and A-24B corresponded to the SBD-3, SBD-4, and SBD-5. A-25 Shrike, Curtiss (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) This was the USAAF version of the {SB2C} dive-bomber. The design of the SB2C had been delayed by adapting it the USAAF service; but most of the production of the land-based Helldiver version went to the USMC, as the SB2C-1A. Only a few entered service with the USAAF. A-26 Invader, Douglas (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW2) The A-26 was a twin-engined bomber and attack aircraft. A nightfighter version, the one-off XA-26A, was not ordered into production. The Invader was fast and powerful, exceeding the USAAF specifications by a wide margin. Participation in WII was small, but the USAF used them until 1961, including combat in Korea. They were redesignated B-26 from 1948 onwards, and later modernised to B-26K 'Counter Invader' COIN aircraft, usually with heavy forward-firing armament. In 1977 six airforces still used the Invader. 2502 built. Type: A-26B Function: attack Year: 1944 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1470kW P&W R-2800-27 Wing Span: 21.34m Length: 15.24m Height: 5.64m Wing Area: 50.17m2 Empty Weight: 10365kg Max.Weight: 15876kg Speed: 571km/h Ceiling: 6700m Range: 2900km Armament: 8 to 16 mg 12.7mm, 2725kg Type: B-26K Function: attack Year: 1965 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * P&W R-2800-103W Wing Span: 21.34m Length: 15.60m Height: 5.60m Wing Area: 50.17m2 Empty Weight: 10748kg Max.Weight: 19677kg Speed: 587km/h Ceiling: 6555m Range: 2140km Armament: 8*mg12.7m 5443kg A-27, North American (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) Attack version of the {T-6} trainer. 41 were built. Type: A-27 Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 550kW Wright R-1820-75 Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 8.84m Height: 3.71m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 2050kg Max.Weight: 3040kg Speed: 402km/h at 3505m Ceiling: 8500m Range: 1290km Armament: 3 * mg7.7mm, 181kg A-28 Hudson, Lockheed (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2) Designation used for earlier versions of the {A-29} with P&W Wasp engines, instead of the Wright Cyclones in the A-29. A-29 Hudson, Lockheed (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2) The Hudson was a military version of the Lockheed 14 Electra. As a bomber it was not very successful, and it was mainly used as naval patrol and ASW aircraft. Many were used by the British forces. Type: A-29 Function: attack / reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 880kW Wright R-1820-87 Wing Span: 19.96m Length: 13.51m Height: 3.63m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 5817kg Max.Weight: 9526kg Speed: 407km/h at 4600m Ceiling: 8080m Range: 4500km Armament: 7*mg 7.7mm, 726kg A-30 Baltimore, Martin (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) This was a development of the {A-22} Maryland with a deeper fuselage. It was developed for and only used by Britain. 1575 were built. Type: Baltimore Mk. IV Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1238kW Wright R-2600-10 Wing Span: 18.69m Length: 14.80m Height: 5.41m Wing Area: 50.03m2 Empty Weight: 7013kg Max.Weight: 10251kg Speed: 491km/h Ceiling: 7100m Range: 1700km Armament: 6-8*mg7.7mm 6-2*mg7.62mm 907kg A-31 Vengeance, Vultee (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) Dive bomber. Also known as the {A-35}, see there. A-32, Brewster (S-USA-A-A-MN-N-AR1) The XA-32 was a Brewster-designed attack aircraft, a mid-wing type with an internal bomb bay. The prototype had the R-2800 engine, but it could take the R-4360. It did not enter production. A-33, Northrop (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) Version of the {A-17}; originally built to Peruvian orders. Type: A-33 Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1200hp Wright GR-1820-G205A Speed: 424km/h Ceiling: 9760m Range: 1465km Armament: 6*mg, 818kg b. A-34 Buccaneer, Brewster (S-USA-A-AR-LN-N-AR1) USAAF version of the {SB2A} dive bomber. Cancelled. A-35 Vengeance, Northrop (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) The Vengeance dive bomber was originally designed for France, but contracts were taken over by Britain. The {A-31} was equipped to British specifications. The A-35 was a slightly improved version, built to US specifications. The Vengeance was more or less ignored by the air forces that had ordered it. The British sent most of theirs to Burma -- a war theatre that they considered to be of little importance -- where the Vengeance proved to be a capable aircraft. The USAF considered both the A-31 and A-35 to be unsuitable for combat, and relegated them to second-line tasks. 1931 were built. Type: A-35A Function: dive bomber Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1250kW Wright R-2600-13 Wing Span: 14.63m Length: 12.12m Height: 4.67m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 4672kg Max.Weight: 7439kg Speed: 449km/h at 4100m Ceiling: 6800m Range: 3220km Armament: 5*mg12.7mm, 907kg A-36 Apache, North American (S-USA-A-AF-LN-N-IL1) This was the dive-bomber version of the {P-51} Mustang. The USAAF bought this version first, but full priority was later given to the fighter version, and no more than 500 A-36's were built. It was unofficially known as 'Invader'. Type: A-36A Function: dive bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 850kW Allison V-1710-F3R Wing Span: 11.29m Length: Height: 3.72m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 630km/h Ceiling: 9150m Range: 700km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm, 900kg A-37 Dragonfly, Cessna (P-USA-A-A-LN-N-J2) The little {T-37} jet trainer was developed into the A-37 attack aircraft, with more powerful engines and carrying an impressive weapons load for such a small aircraft. 577 were built new, and 39 were converted from T-37 airframes. Type: A-37B Function: attack Year: 1967 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 12.7kN G.E. J85-GE-17A Wing Span: 10.93m Length: 8.62m Height: 2.71m Wing Area: 17.98m2 Empty Weight: 2817kg Max.Weight: 6350kg Speed: 843km/h Ceiling: 12730m Range: 1630km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 2450kg A-37, Hughes (S-USA-A-A-HN-T-ARW2) The Hughes DX-2 was a wooden attack aircraft built by Howard Hughes, who allowed no photographs and kept its performance secret. In the end it was destroyed by fire, in typically mysterious circumstances. One built. Type: XA-37 Function: attack Year: 1943 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1470kW P&W R-2800 Wing Span: 18.40m Length: 13.11m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 12760kg Speed: 697km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: A-38 Grizzly, Beechcraft (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-ARW2) The XA-38 was a powerful twin-engined attack aircraft. It had clean lines and powerful engines, impressive performance and excellent handling. A 75mm T15E1 cannon protruded from the nose. Two fixed machineguns were also in the nose, four more were in two remote-controlled turrets. But when the A-38 was ready there was little need for more attack aircraft, and the {B-29} had priority for R-3350 engines. Only two XA-38s were built. Type: XA-38 Function: attack Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1715kW Wright R-3350-43 Wing Span: 20.52m Length: 15.77m Height: 4.72m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 10185kg Max.Weight: 15975kg Speed: 605km/h Ceiling: 8840m Range: 2615km Armament: 1*g75mm 6*mg12.7mm 1070kg A-41, Vultee (S-USA-A-A-?N-N-AR1) The A-41 was a big single-seat attack aircraft. Although it was evaluated by the USAAF and USN, the A-41 was too late for service in WWII. One built. Type: XA-41 Function: dive bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3000h P&W XR-4360-9 Wing Span: 16.46m Length: 14.83m Height: 4.42m Wing Area: 50.54m2 Empty Weight: 6049kg Max.Weight: 10971kg Speed: 583km/h Ceiling: 8230m Range: Armament: 4*g37mm 4*mg12.7mm 2900kg A-42 Skymaster, Douglas (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ILP2) Also known as the {B-42}. A-43 Blackhawk, Curtiss (P-USA-A-A-MN-N-JU4) Never built, but developed into the X{F-87} Nighthawk. A-44, Consolidated Vultee (P-USA-A-B-*-?-?) Renamed X{B-53}. Not built. A-45, Martin (P-USA-A-B|R-MS-N-J3) Renamed X{B-51}. A-57, Martin (P-USA-A-B|R-MN-N-JW2|JW2&JU2) Renamed {B-57}. AC-1, de Havilland Canada (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2) Original US Army designation for the de Havilland Canada DHC-4. This was the only designation in the "aircraft, cargo" series ever used. The aircraft was later known as the C{V-2} and still later as the {C-7}. AC-2, de Havilland Canada (P-CANADA-A-C-HN-N-TW2) Renamed {V-7} and later {C-8}, the DHC-5 Buffalo. AD Skyraider, Douglas (P-USA-AC-A|E-LN-N-AR1) Renamed {A-1}, see there. AE, Piper (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) Ambulance aircraft, Navy version of the {L-4}. It had an earlier designation {HE}, see there. AF Guardian, Grumman (P-USA-AC-A|E-MN-N-AR1) Successor to the {TBF} Avenger, originally designated TB3F. The AF was a large, rectangular low-wing aircraft, that would have looked elegant if it had not had enormous tail surfaces. The AF was first designed with a jet engine in the tail, but this was removed before the aircraft entered production because it caused to much trouble and the role changed from attack to ASW. AF's operated in hunter-killer pairs, one searching submarines with its AN/APS-20 radar, the other carrying armament. 387 were built. Type: AF-2S Function: ASW / attack Year: 1950 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1765kW P&W R-2800-48W Wing Span: 18.49m Length: 13.21m Height: 4.93m Wing Area: 52.02m2 Empty Weight: 6613kg Max.Weight: 11567kg Speed: 510km/h Ceiling: 9900m Range: 2410km Armament: 1814kg AH, Douglas (P-USA-AC-A-LS-N-J2) Attack aircraft; nothing more than a stage in the development of the {F-4} Phantom II. Never built. AH Triad, Curtiss (E-USA-AS-UR-B-*-?) Curtiss float biplane, Navy version of the Army's model E. Type: AH Task: observation Year: 1911 Crew: Engines: Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: AJ Savage, North American (P-USA-AC-A-HN-N-ARW2&J1) The AJ was a large carrier bomber, with one jet engine in the tail and two radial engines. 140 were built. There was also a photo-reconaissance version, and later they were used as tankers. Type: AJ-1 Task: bomber Year: 1949 Crew: Engines: 2 * 2400hp P&W R-2800-44W 1 * Allison J33-A-10 Max. Speed: 759km/h Ceiling: 13100m Max. Range: 3798km Armament: AM Mauler, Martin (P-USA-AC-A|E-LN-N-AR1) The AM, originally designated {BTM}, was a large single-seat shipboard attack aircraft. There was also an electronic warfare version, the AM-1Q. The AM had been designed as a simpler alternative to the Curtiss {BTC} and Douglas {BTD}, and it was a better aircraft than these. Nevertheless it was overshadowed by the even simpler and lighter {AD} Skyraider. In addition, the tail structure was too weak. 151 built. Type: AM-1 Function: attack Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2235kW P&W R-4360-4 Wing Span: 15.24m Length: 12.55m Height: 5.13m Wing Area: 46.08m2 Empty Weight: 6577kg Max.Weight: 10608kg Max. Speed: 591km/h Ceiling: 9295m Max. Range: 2895km Armament: 4*g20mm 2041kg AO-1 Mohawk, Grumman (P-USA-A-AR-MN-N-TW2) Renamed O{V-1}. AO-1, Atlantic (?-USA-A-R-?-?-?) Observation aircraft. AO-2 Inflatoplane, Goodyear (P-USA-*-X-N-N-?) This was a two-seat aircraft of inflatable, rubberized material. It was powered by a 65hp Culloch 4318E engine. One was bought by the USAF. AO-3, Goodyear (P-USA-*-X-N-N-?) A single-seat development of the {AO-2}, with a 44hp Nelson H63A engine. Five were built for the USAF. AP-1, Seversky (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Factory designation of the {P-35}. AP-2, Seversky (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Development of the {AP-1}, alias {P-35} with a new, inward-retracting undercarriage. The advantages were minimal. One built. AP-4, Seversky (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Factory designation for the prototype of the {P-43}. AP-7, Seversky (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Development of the {AP-1} or {P-35} with some detail improvements. Later it was fitted with a new wing. One built. AS, Aeromarine (?-USA-AS-F-?-?-?) Seaplane fighter. AT-1, Huff-Daland (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1|AR1) Biplane trainer of the 1921-1925 period. The AT-1 had formerly been designated {TA-2}, {TA-6} or {TW-5}. AT-3, Boeing (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Trainer version of the {PW-9} fighter with a 140hp Wright E-4 engine. 1926, one built. AT-4, Curtiss (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Trainer version of the {P-1} fighter. Type: AT-4 Task: trainer Year: 1926 Crew: Engines: 1 * Wright-Hispano V-720 Max. Speed: 133mph Ceiling: Max. Range: 535mls Armament: AT-5, Curtiss (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Development of the {AT-4}. Type: AT-5 Task: trainer Year: 1926 Crew: Engines: 1 * 220hp Wright R-970-1 Max. Speed: 125mph Ceiling: Max. Range: 488mls Armament: AT-6 Texan, North American (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Advanced trainer. The AT-6 was a low-wing aircraft with a typical rectangular wing, with a swept outboard leading edge. The AT-6 was the most famous WWII trainer and continued in service for a long time. Related types were the {BC-1}, {BT-9}, {BT-14}, {SNJ}, {SN2J}, {P-64} and {A-27}. Later it was renamed {T-6}. Total production of this trainer family was 21342. Many are still flying, and the South African Air Force used the type until 1995! Type: AT-6G Task: trainer Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 440kW P&W R-1340-AN-1 Max. Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 7400m Max. Range: 1200km Armament: 2 * mg12.7mm AT-7, Beechcraft (S-USA-A|AS-T-LN-N-ARW2) Navigational trainer version of the Beech 18. See also {C-45} and {AT-11}. The USQF bought 1141. AT-8, Cessna (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2) Precursor of {AT-17}. The AT-8 was a standard Curtiss T-50, while the AT-17 was a militarized version of the same aircraft. The USAAC ordered 33. AT-9 Jeep, Curtiss (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2) Twin-engined trainer. 791 were built. Type: AT-9 Task: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 209kW Lycoming R-680-9 Max. Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 1200km Armament: 2 seats. AT-10 Wichita, Beechcraft (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2) Twin-engined trainer, a small low-wing monoplane. Built almost entirely from wood, and that even including the fuel tanks. 1171 were built. Type: AT-10 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 280hp Lycoming R-680-9 Speed: 317km/h Ceiling: 5155m Range: 1232km Armament: AT-11 Kansan, Beech (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2) Trainer for bomber crews developed from the {C-45}. The AT-11 distinguished itself from the {AT-7} by its new, transparent nose, a gun turret and bomb racks. 1560 were built. Type: AT-11 Task: trainer Year: 1940 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-1 Max. Speed: 346km/h Ceiling: 6100m Max. Range: 1368km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm b454kg AT-12 Guardsman, Republic (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Trainer version of the {2-PA} two-seat fighter-bomber, itself a two-seat development of the {P-35} single-seat fighter. The 2-PA had been built for Sweden, but most were not delivered because of an embargo. They were used as AT-12 trainers by the USAAC, that acquired 50. Type: AT-12 Function: trainer Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1050hp P&W R-1830-45 Wing Span: 12.50m Length: 8.43m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2918kg Speed: 498km/h Ceiling: 8535m Range: 1930km Armament: 4*;g7.62mm, 227kg AT-13, Fairchild (S-USA-A-T-MN-N-?W2) Precursor of the {AT-21}. AT-14, Fairchild (S-USA-A-T-MN-N-?W2) Precursor of the {AT-21}. AT-15 Crewmaker, Boeing-Stearman (S-USA-A-T-?-?-?) Trainer. 1942, two built. AT-16, Noorduyn (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) The North American N.A.77 Texan, a version of the {AT-6}. AT-17, Cessna (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2) Trainer version of the Curtiss T-50 low-wing, twin-engined light transport, that was known as the U{C-78} Bobcat in military service. Production of the AT-17, AT-17A and AT-17B was 1139. There were also some AT-17C communication trainers. Type: AT-17 Task: trainer Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 180kW Jacobs R-775-9 Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 10.00m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2582kg Max. Speed: 314km/h Ceiling: 6700m Max. Range: 1200km Load: 4 seats. AT-18, Lockheed (S-USA-A-T-MN-N-ARW2) Trainer version of the Lockheed {A-29} Hudson. AT-19, Stinson (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AR1) Designation given to trainer versions of the U{C-81} Reliant, ordered for lend-lease to the Royal Navy. The type was also known as the {L-5} Sentinel. AT-20, Federal (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AIW2) American version of the British Avro {Anson}. It was powered by two 330hp Jacobs L-6BM engines. AT-21 Gunner, Fairchild (S-USA-A-T-MN-N-AIW2) Twin-engined trainer built from plastified wood, looking like a small bomber with a nose gun and a top turret. Production ended in 1944 after only 175 had been completed. Type: AT-21 Task: gunnery trainer Year: Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 450hp Ranger V-770-15 Wing Span: 16m Length: 11.6m Height: 4m Wing Area: 35.1m2 Empty Weight: 3930kg Max.Weight: 5124kg Max. Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: 6760m Max. Range: 1460km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm AT-22, Consolidated (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-ARW4) Training version of the {B-24} Liberator. AT-23, Lockheed (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-ARW2) Target tug version of the {B-26} Marauder. AT-24, North American (S-USA-A-T-MN-N-ARW2) Training version of the {B-25} Mitchell. AT-29, Convair (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2) Training version of the Convair 240. Later renamed {T-29}. AU, Vought (P-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1) Attack bomber developed form the {F4U} Corsair, originally named XF4U-6. It had an engine rated for low altitudes and additional armor. The additional weight of the AU exarbecated the handling problems of the F4U. 110 were built. Type: AU-1 Function: attack Year: 1952 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2100kW R-2800-83WA Speed: 720km/h Ceiling: Range: 1325km Armament: 4*g20mm 10*r12.7cm 2*726kg b. --B--------------------------------------------------------------------------- B, Orenco (F-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1|IL1) Biplane fighter, a wooden aircraft powered by a rotary engine. Production was abandoned because the US military decided to equip its aviation units with European types. Type: Orenco B Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Gnome Monosoupape Wing Span: 7.92m Length: 5.74m Height: 2.23m Wing Area: 16.72m2 Empty Weight: 424kg Max.Weight: 587kg Max. Speed: 212km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 3*mg7.62mm B, Sturtevant (S-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Single-seat fighter. The Sturtevant B was a sequiplane with a welded steel tube structure and a very unusual wing bracing configuration. During the first flight of the first of four production aircraft, the tail control surfaces failed. The aircraft crashed and development was abandoned. Two built. Type: B Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 4 * 140hp Sturtevant A5 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: B-1, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL2) Twin-engined biplane bomber, adapted from the single-engined {HB-1}. One built. Type: XB-1B Function: bomber Year: 1927 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-5 Conqueror Wing Span: 85ft Length: 62ft Height: 19ft 3in Wing Area: 1604ft2 Empty Weight: 9462lb Max.Weight: 17039lb Speed: 117mph Ceiling: 15000ft Range: 700mls Armament: 6*mg7.7mm B-1, Rockwell (M-USA-A-B-LS-N-JU4) The variable geometry B-1 bomber was designed as the successor for the elderly {B-52}. The B-1A was cancelled in 1977, but in 1981 the program was revived in the B-1B version. The B-1B Lancer version, more optimized for low-altitude attacks and stealth, was now built in small numbers. Modifications have given them a conventional as well as a nuclear role, and in 1998 they first saw combat during US strikes against Iraq. Type: B-1B Function: bomber Year: 1986 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 13600kg G.E. F101-GE-11 Wing Span: 41.67m/23.84m Length: 44.81m Height: 10.36m Wing Area: 181.16m2 Empty Weight: 83916kg Max.Weight: 216367kg Speed: 1275km/h Ceiling: 14600m Range: 12000km Armament: 29030kgs B-2 Spirit, Northrop (M-USA-A-B-S-F-JW4) The B-2 will probably only be built in small numbers (currently 21 have been ordered), because the cost of replacing all the old {B-52}'s is considered to be far too high. The B-2 is a stealth bomber, a flying wing design with a smooth, rounded upper surfaces, but angular wingtips and a double-W trailing edge. The four engines are deeply buried in the midwing section. The B-2 is difficult and expensive to operate, with 124 maintenance hours per flight hour. Type: B-2 Function: bomber Year: 1988 Crew: 3 Engines: 4 * 8620kg General-Electric F118-GE-100 Wing Span: 52.43m Length: 21.03m Height: 5.18m Wing Area: 465.5m2 Empty Weight: 45360kg Max.Weight: 181437kg Speed: 1010km/h Ceiling: 16765m Range: 12225km Armament: 22680kg B-2 Condor, Curtiss (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ILW2) Twin-engined biplane night bomber, the standard bomber of the USAAC for a short time. It was developed from the {MB-2} or {NBS}, and built of steel tubing with fabric covering. 13 were built. Type: B-2 Function: bomber Year: 1929 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 600hp Curtiss V-1550 Speed: 211km/h Ceiling: 5215m Range: 1288km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm B2G, Great Lakes (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1) The XB2G-1 dive bomber prototype was offered to the USN in 1934. It was a biplane with closed cockpits and retractable landing gear. The B2G was bulky and slow. It was rejected by the USN. One built. Type: XB2G-1 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: Engines: 1 * 559kW R-1535-82 Wing Span: 10.97 Length: 8.80m Height: 3.38m Wing Area: 35.67m2 Empty Weight: 1927kg Max.Weight: 3085kg Speed: 319km/h Ceiling: 5945m Range: Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm 227kg B-3, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-N-ARB2) Twin-engined biplane bomber, the former {LB-10}. 36 built. Type: B-3A Function: bomber Year: 1930 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 525hp P&W R-1690-3 Wing Span: 74ft 8in Length: 48ft 10in Height: 15ft 9in Wing Area: 1145ft2 Empty Weight: 7705lb Max.Weight: 12952lb Speed: 114mph Ceiling: 12700ft Range: 860mls Armament: 2500lb 3*mg7.7mm B-4, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-N-ARB2) Twin-engined biplane bomber, very similar to the B-3. Former {LB-13}. 30 built. Type: B-4A Function: bomber Year: 1932 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 575hp P&W R-1860-7 Hornet Wing Span: 74ft 8in Length: 48ft 10in Height: 15ft 9in Wing Area: 1145ft2 Empty Weight: 7951lb Max.Weight: 13209lb Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: 4267m Range: 1376km Armament: 3*mg 1134kg B-5, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-B-N-?2) Twin-engined biplane bomber. 44 built. 1930. B-6 Panther, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-N-ARB2) Twin-engined biplane bomber. 44 built. The B-6 only differed from the {B-4} by its Wright R-1820 Cyclone engines, and it was actually delivered before the B-4. Type: B-6A Function: bomber Year: 1932 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 575hp Wright Cyclone Speed: 194km/h Ceiling: Range: 1320km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm 2150lb b. B-7, Douglas (I-USA-A-B-HN-N-ILU2) Bomber development of the twin-engined {O-36} observation aircraft. Eight built. The B-7 was the first US monoplane bomber to enter service. It was a gull-winged aircraft; the engines were fitted underwing, and the landing gear was fixed. It never never entered series production, because it was already obsolete. They did carry air mail for some time, and four aircraft were lost in that. Type: Y1B-7 Function: bomber Year: 1933 Crew: Engines: 2 * 640hp Curtiss V-1570-33 Wing Span: 65ft Length: 45ft 11in Height: 11ft 7in Wing Area: 621.2ft2 Empty Weight: 5519lb Max.Weight: 11177lb Speed: 182mph Ceiling: 20400ft Range: 632mls Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 1200lb B-8, General Aviation (I-USA-A-B-?-?-IL2) Twin-engined bomber developed from the {O-27} recce aircraft. Only one was built, because the B-7 had better performance. Type: XB-8 Function: bomber Year: 1931 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-23 Wing Span: 64ft Length: 47ft Height: 11ft 6in Wing Area: 619ft2 Empty Weight: 6861lb Max.Weight: 10545lb Speed: 160mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.62mm B-9, Boeing (I-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW2) Monoplane bomber. The B-9 was a mix of the new, a cantilever monoplane, with the old: open cockpits and semi-retractable landing gear. Martin quickly designed a better bomber, the {B-10}, and although the type was well-liked only seven B-9s were built. Type: Y1B-9A Function: bomber Year: 1931 Crew: 7 Engines: 2 * 447kW P&W SR-1860-11 Wing Span: 23.42m Length: 15.77m Height: 3.66m Wing Area: 88.63m2 Empty Weight: 4056kg Max.Weight: 6495kg Speed: 299km/h Ceiling: 6325m Range: 870km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 1025kg B-10, Martin (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) The B-10, a monoplane bomber with retractable landing gear, enclosed cockpits and good streamlining, outpaced the contempary biplane fighters and revolutionized bomber design. It did away with the ugly box-like designs that were common in the 20's. The B-10 was powered by the R-1820; aircraft powered by the R-1690 were known as {B-12}s. Its period of superiority was brief, because it was soon overtaken by even more advanced designs. Some exported aircraft saw combat in WWII, mostly in the Dutch East Indies. Type: B-10B Function: bomber Year: 1934 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 578kW Wright R-1820-33 Wing Span: 21.49m Length: 13.64m Height: 4.70m Wing Area: 62.99m2 Empty Weight: 4391kg Max.Weight: 7439kg Speed: 343km/h Ceiling: 7375m Range: 1995km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm 1025kg B-11, Douglas (I-USA-AF-*-HN-N-ARO2) Only one YB-11 was built. The aircraft was also known as the Y{OA-5} or {O-44}. Despite its B-series designation, the B-11 amphibian did not carry bombs. It was intended as a lead aircraft for bomber formations. The concept was soon out of favour again, and it was completed as an observation aircraft. B-12, Martin (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) Version of {B-10} with P&W R-1690 Hornet engines. B-13, Martin (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) Projected version of the {B-10} with P&W R-1860 engines. Cancelled. 1933. B-14, Martin (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) Development of the {B-10} with 950hp P&W XR-1830-9 engines. Only one was built. B-15, Boeing (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4) The big XB-15 was designed as a long-range bomber, originally named XBLR-1. This was a bold attempt, both in its size and in its design. But the XB-15 was underpowered, too slow and too vulnerable, partly because the desired engines were unavailable. One built. It was later converted to the X{C-105} transport. Type: XB-15 Function: bomber Year: 1937 Crew: 10 Engines: 4 *746kW P&W R-1830-11 Wing Span: 45.42m Length: 26.7m Height: 5.51m Wing Area: 258.26m2 Empty Weight: 17105kg Max.Weight: 41713kg Speed: 314km/h Ceiling: 5760m Range: 8260km Armament: 3600kg B-16, Martin (I-USA-A-B-N-T-IL4&ILP2) The B-16 was a 1935 bomber project for a long-range bomber, with twin tail booms and six Allison V-1710 engines, four tractor engines and two pushers. Cancelled. B-17 Flying Fortress, Boeing (S-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW4) The four-engined B-17 was designed as a heavily-armed, long-range medium bomber. It became the mainstay of the USAF bomber offensive over Europe. The B-17 had a long range, and was easy to fly except when -- as was often the case -- it was overloaded; but its bomb-carrying capacity on long range was very limited. Even the 13 machine guns of the B-17G were not enough to fight off enemy fighters, but on the other hand the B-17 could have a lot of hits and still bring its crew home. Some B-17 Flying Fortress bombers were stripped of armament and used as CB-17 transports. 12731 built. Type: B-17G Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 12 Engines: 4 * 880kW Wright R-1820-97 Wing Span: 31.62m Length: 22.66m Height: 5.82m Wing Area: 131.92m2 Empty Weight: 16391kg Max.Weight: 29710kg Speed: 462km/h Ceiling: 10850m Range: 3160miles Armament: 13*mg12.7mm, 9453kg B-18 Bolo, Douglas (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) Medium bomber developed from the DC-2, with a new fuselage, but DC-2 wings and tail. The new fuselage was deeper, with a forward-sloping glazed nose. Obsolete when WWII began, most were used for anti-submarine patrols in the Carribean, with MAD detectors. Type: B-18A Function: bomber Year: 1937 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 740kW Wright R-1820-53 Wing Span: 27.28m Length: 17.63m Height: 4.62m Wing Area: 89.65m2 Empty Weight: 7403kg Max.Weight: 12552kg Speed: 346km/h Ceiling: 7285m Range: 1900km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm, 2950kg B-19, Douglas (I-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW4) The huge XB-19 long-range bomber was a too demanding concept for the technology of its time. It was underpowered and too vulnerable. Only one was built. The XB-19A was, despite its B-letter, a freighter conversion of the bomber prototype. The R-3350 engines were replaced with Allison V-3420's, all armament was removed, and the fuselage rearranged. Type: XB-19 Function: bomber Year: Crew: 16 Engines: 4 * 2000hp Wright R-3350-5 Wing Span: 64.62m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 73480kg Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g37mm, 5*mg12.7mm, 6*mg7.62mm, 16830kg B-20, Boeing (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4) Development of the {B-15} with more powerful R-2180 engines. Proposed in 1937, cancelled. B-21 Dragon, North American (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) The XB-21 was the first bomber of North American. It was a mid-wing monoplane with performance similar to the {B-18}, but almost twice as expensive; so the USAAC chose the B-18. One built. Type: XB-21 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 1200hp P&W R-2180-1 Twin Hornet Wing Span: 95ft Length: 61ft 9in Height: 14ft 9in Wing Area: 1120ft2 Empty Weight: 19082lb Max.Weight: 40000lb Speed: 220mph Ceiling: 25000ft Range: 3100mls Armament: 5*mg7.62mm B-22, Douglas (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) A development of the {B-18} with Wright R-2600 engines. Cancelled in favour of the {B-23}. 1938. B-23 Dragon, Douglas (S-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW2) Development of the {B-18}, radically changed with a new fuselage and DC-3 wings. Only 38 were built, because it was inferior to the {B-17}, {B-25} and {B-26}. After brief service as patrol aircraft and trainers, most were converted to U{C-67} transports. About 40 were built. Type: B-23 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 1180kW Wright R-2600-3 Wing Span: 28.04m Length: 17.80m Height: 5.63m Wing Area: 92.25m2 Empty Weight: 8659kg Max.Weight: 14659kg Speed: 454km/h Ceiling: 9630m Range: 2340km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm, 1*mg12.7mm, 1996kg B-24 Liberator, Consolidated (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW4) The big and complicated B-24 was the most built US aircraft of WWII. The B-24 was more difficult to fly than the {B-17}, especially at high altitude, and although it was designed later it did not have a much better performance. But it was efficient and had longer range, due to the slender 'Davis' wing. Its range made it much in demand for naval patrol tasks. The B-17 was often claimed to be sturdier and more reliable, but the B-24 actually suffered fewer losses. Some Liberators were stripped of their equipment and armament and used as transports called CB-24. 19256 built. Type: B-24D-85-CO Function: bomber Year: 1942 Crew: 10 Engines: 4 * 1200hp P&W R-1830-43 Wing Span: 33.52m Length: 20.22m Height: 5.46m Wing Area: 97.36m2 Empty Weight: 15413kg Max.Weight: 27216kg Speed: 488km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 9-11*mg12.7mm 3629kg Type: B-24J Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 12 Engines: 4 * 895kW P&W R-1830-65 Wing Span: 33.53m Length: 29.47m Height: 5.49m Wing Area: 97.36m2 Empty Weight: 16556kg Max.Weight: 32296kg Speed: 467km/h Ceiling: 8535m Range: 3380km Armament: 10*mg12.7mm, 5806kg B-25 Mitchell, North American (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) The most built and used medium bomber of the war, a shoulder-wing monoplane. The B-25 was easily recognizable: The inboard sections of the wing had dihedral, but the outboard sections not, and the B-25 had twin fins. Some versions had a glazed nose for the bombardier, while others had a metal nose filled with machine guns or even a 75mm cannon. The 'Doolittle raid' on Tokyo made the B-25 famous. B-25s lend-leased to the USSR continued their service there after WWII, and had the NATO reporting name 'Bank'. 9816 built. Type: B-25J Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 1250kW Wright R-2600-29 Wing Span: 20.60m Length: 16.13m Height: 4.98m Wing Area: 56.67m2 Empty Weight: 8836kg Max.Weight: 15876kg Speed: 438km/h Ceiling: 7375m Range: 2170km Armament: 13*mg12.7mm, 1800kg B-26 Invader, Douglas (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW2) The {A-26} was renamed B-26K after the retirement of the Martin {B-26}. Later it was for a brief period again the A-26, for political reasons. B-26 Marauder, Martin (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW2) The B-26 was a twin-engined bomber with a streamlined fuselage of circular cross-section and a relatively small shoulder wing. The B-26 was difficult to handle, because of its high wing loading, but had high performance. Initial accident rates were high, but later the B-26 proved to be a safe and effective aircraft. With the {B-25} it formed the US medium bomber forces in WWII. 4863 built. Type: B-26G Function: bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 7 Engines: 2 * 1470kW Pratt & Whitney R-2800-43 Wing Span: 21.64m Length: 17.09m Height: 6.20m Wing Area: 61.13m2 Empty Weight: 11476kg Max.Weight: 17327kg Speed: 455km/h Ceiling: 6050m Range: 1770km Armament: 11*mg12.7mm, 1814kg B-27, Martin (S-USA-A-B-?-?-?) This was the Martin M-182 bomber. Cancelled. 1940. B-28, North American (S-USA-A-B-?N-N-ARW2) Twin-engined high-altitude bomber with pressurised cockpits. The XB-28 was very advanced, and much of its technology was used in the {B-29}. But there was little operational need for it, so it did not enter production. Type: XB-28 Function: bomber Year: 1942 Crew: Engines: 2 * P&W R-2800 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: B-29 Superfortress, Boeing (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4) The B-29 heavy bomber set new standards in performance, armament and range. It was used only in the Pacific, finally dropping the A-bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After the war it became the main means of delivery for nuclear bombs. The USSR copied it as the {Tu-4}. The KB-29 was the tanker version of the B-29, the SB-29 the search & rescue version, carrying a lifeboat; the DB-29 was a drone controller, the TB-29 a trainer, the RB-29 a reconaissance aircraft. Some B-29s were also used as launch aircraft for research aircraft like the {X-1} and {X-2}. 3970 were built. The type was developed into the more powerful {B-50}. Type: B-29A Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 10 Engines: 4 * 1600kW Wrigth R-3350-23 Wing Span: 43.05m Length: 30.18m Height: 9.02m Wing Area: 161.27m2 Empty Weight: 31815kg Max.Weight: 56245kg Speed: 575km/h Ceiling: 9710m Range: 5230km Armament: 1*g20mm, 12*mg12.7mm, 9072kg B-30, Lockheed (S-USA-A-B-?N-N-ARW4) Project only. Bomber version of the Lockheed Constellation. Type: XB-30 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: Engines: 4 * 2200hp Wright GR-3350-13 Speed: 380mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: Five gun turrets. B-31, Douglas (?-USA-A-B-?-?-?) Project only. B-32 Dominator, Convair (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW4) The B-32 was designed to compete with the {B-29}. After the latter was selected by the USAAF, the B-32 was completed as a less sophisticated alternative to the B-29. Cabin pressurisation and remote-controlled turrets were abandoned. Neverthless, it was ready later than the B-29, and only 15 entered combat service. It was a dissapointing aircraft. 118 built. Type: B-32 Function: bomber Year: 1945 Crew: 8 Engines: 4 * 1641kW Wright R-3350-23 Wing Span: 41.15m Length: 25.32m Height: 10.06m Wing Area: 132.10m2 Empty Weight: 27339kg Max.Weight: 50576kg Speed: 576km/h Ceiling: 10670m Range: 6115km Armament: 2*g20mm, 4*mg12.7mm, 9072kg B-33 Super Marauder, Martin (S-USA-A-B-?N-N-?4) A four-engined bomber, designed in 1942. It was cancelled to free engineering capacity for the {B-35}, but the failure of the cooperation between Martin and Northrop only contributed to the demise of the B-35. B-34 Lexington, Lockheed (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2) USAAF version of the {PV} Harpoon/Ventura. B-35 Flying Wing, Northrop (P-USA-A-B-S-F-ARW4) The first of the Northrop flying wing bombers. The B-35 was designed as an intercontinental bomber, competing with the {B-36}. It was powered by four large radial engines, installed within the wing. Development was protracted, mainly because Northrop was overstretched, and the B-35 was doomed to be obsolescent before it could enter production. Therefore the USAF cancelled the production of the B-35, and ordered the prototypes as test vehicles to assist in the development of the jet-engined {B-49} derivative, which looked more promising. Only 15 were built, and most never flew. The engine installation was always unreliable. Type: XB-35 Function: bomber Year: 1946 Crew: 9 Engines: 4 * 2200kW P&W R-4360-17/21 Wing Span: 52.4m Length: 16.18m Height: 6.10m Wing Area: 418m2 Empty Weight: 27735kg Max.Weight: 46940kg Speed: 630km/h Ceiling: Range: 16100km Armament: 16*mg12.7mm, 18700kg B-36, Convair (P-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARPW6|ARPW6&JU4) The B-36 never saw action, but was the mainstay of the SAC for some time. Designed for intercontinental missions, it was the largest bomber ever built. The B-36 had a large cylindrical fuselage and six pusher props on a huge wing with slight sweepback. Later four additional jet engines were fitted near the tips. The RB-36 was a reconaissance version, including a number of stripped high-altitude models. The GRB-36 was modified to carry a R{F-84}K reconaissance jet, half in its bomb bay, and the single NB-36 carried a nuclear reactor, to study its behaviour at high altitude. Type: B-36J Year: 1953 Crew: 16 Engines: 6 * 2835kW P&W R-4360-53 4 * 2360kg G.E. J47-GE-19 Wing Span: 70.10m Length: 49.40m Height: 14.22m Wing Area: 443.32m2 Empty Weight: 77580kg Max.Weight: 185973kg Speed: 661km/h Ceiling: 12160m Range: 12070km Armament: 16*g20mm, 39009kg B-37 Ventura, Lockheed (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2) Development of the {B-34}, with two 1250kW P&W R-2600-31 engines. B-38, Boeing (S-USA-A-B-LN-N-ILW4) The XB-38 was a modified {B-17}E with Allison 1425hp V-1710 engines. It offered only a marginal performance improvement. One built. B-39, Boeing (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ILW4) The XB-39 was a {B-29} reengined with 1910kW Allison V-4320 engines. One built. B-40, Boeing (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-ARW4) Twenty-one {B-17}E's were converted to YB-40 escort gunships with fourteen .50 guns. The concept was a failure: the heavy escort ships couldn't keep up with the empty bombers on the return flight. B-41, Consolidated (S-USA-A-F-HN-N-ARW4) The XB-41 was a gunship conversion of the {B-24}D with 15 .50 guns. One built. B-42 Mixmaster, Douglas (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ILP2) The XB-42 was a clean mid-wing attack bomber, driven by two large contrarotating pusher props at the extreme tail, behind the the tailplanes. Two were built. Development was continued in jet-engined {B-43} form. Type: XB-42 Function: bomber Year: 1942 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1725hp Allison V-1710-25 Speed: 660km/h Ceiling: Range: 8046km Armament: 907kg, 4*mg12.7mm B-43, Douglas (P-USA-A-B-MN-N-J2) The XB-43 was a jet-engined development of the X{B-42}. Two were built. Type: XB-43 Function: bomber Year: 1946 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1814kg G.E. TG-180 Speed: 830km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3480kg B-44, Boeing (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4) The XB-44 was a development of the {B-29} with P&W R-4360 engines. It was the precursor of the {B-50}. Three were built. B-45 Tornado, North American (P-USA-A-B|R-HN-N-JW4) This was the first USAF jet bomber in active service. The B-45 was a conventional straight-wing aircraft; the only innovation were the engines. A gondola under each wing contained two jet engines. There was also a RB-45 reconaissance version, in which the transparent nose was replaced by a 'solid' one with an 'eye' for the camera. Additional fuel was carried in wing tip tanks. Type: B-45 Function: bomber Year: 1950 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 2360kg G.E. J47-GE-13/15 Speed: 932km/h Ceiling: 13170m Range: 3075km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 18698kg Type: RB-45C Task: reconaissance Year: 1950 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 2720kg P&W J47-GE-13 Wing Span: 29.26m Length: 23.14m Height: 7.67m Wing Area: 109.16m2 Empty Weight: 22672kg Max.Weight: 50222kg Max. Speed: 917km/h Ceiling: 12770m Max. Range: 4070km Armament: B-46, Convair (P-USA-A-B-HN-N-JW4) The XB-46 was a straight-wing jet bomber. It was sleek, graceful, and too slow. The {B-47} was preferred. One built. Type: XB-46 Function: bomber Year: 1947 Crew: 3 Engines: 4 * 1800kg G.E. J35-C3 Speed: 877km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 10000kg B-47 Stratojet, Boeing (P-USA-A-B|R-HS-N-JU6) The B-47 broke new ground with it highly swept wings, clean fuselage, and neatly podded engines. Much used by the SAC in the '50-'60 period. Its main deficiency was the limited range: the B-47 couldn't attack the USSR from US bases without air refuelling. It was also used for reconaissance as the RB-47 or EB-47. The RB-47H was recognizable from canoe pods under the fuselage, the others looked more like standard B-47s. Type: B-47E Function: bomber Year: 1951 Crew: 3 Engines: 6 * 3266kg G.E. J47-GE-25 Wing Span: 35.36m Length: 33.48m Height: 8.51m Wing Area: 132.66m2 Empty Weight: 36630kg Max.Weight: 89893kg Speed: 975km/h Ceiling: 12350m Range: 6440km Armament: 2*g20mm, 9072kg B-48, Martin (P-USA-A-B-HN-N-JW6) The only claim to fame the ungraceful XB-48 could make is being the first six-engined jet bomber. The XB-48 was a straight-wing design, wich carried its six engines in three closely grouped nacelles under each wing. Only two were built. Type: XB-48 Function: bomber Year: 1947 Crew: 3 Engines: 6 * 1700kg Allison J35-A-A Wing Span: 33.02m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 830km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 9072kg B-49, Northrop (P-USA-A-B|R-S-F-JW4|JW4&JU2) The YB-49 was a rebuilt {B-35} flying wing bomber with eight jet engines. This improved performance and eliminated the enormous problems with the radial engines and pusher propellers, but because of the increased fuel consumption both range and bomb load were reduced. Small bomb bays and marginal stability nevertheless made it a less suitable bomber. The {B-47} made the B-49 obsolete, and only two were built. A last chance for the flying wing design was the YRB-49, a six-engined reconnaissance bomber, with two engines in underwing nacelles to increase the volume available for fuel. But the RB-49 offered no real advantages over the B-47 and the new {B-52}, and production was cancelled before the single YRB-49 flew. Type: YB-49 Function: bomber Year: 1946 Crew: 7 Engines: 8 * 1800kg Allison J35-A-15 Wing Span: 52.43m Length: 16.18m Height: 4.57m Wing Area: 418m2 Empty Weight: 40425kg Max.Weight: 96867kg Speed: 689km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg12.7mm Type: YRB-49A Function: reconnaissance bomber Year: 1950 Crew: 6 Engines: 6 * Allison J35-A-19 Wing Span: 52.43m Length: 16.18m Height: Wing Area: 418m2 Empty Weight: 38100kg Max.Weight: 93442kg Speed: 613km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: B-50 Superfortress, Boeing (P-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4) The B-50 was a refined post-war development of the {B-29}. More powerful R-4360 engines replaced the R-3350. A lighter, stronger wing and a larger, folding tailfin were used. Of course there were also RB-50 reconaissance and KB-50 tanker versions. Later KB-50s were given additional power in the form of two J47-GE-23 jet engines. 370 were built. Type: B-50D Year: 1945 Crew: 11 Engines: 4 * 2575kW P&W R-4360-35 Speed: 640km/h Ceiling: 11580m Range: 7880km Armament: 13*mg12.7mm, 12700kg B-51, Martin (P-USA-A-B|R-MS-N-J3) The XB-51 pioneered with variable incidence wings, a T-tail, and a rotary bomb bay. Maybe too much pioneering, because the B-51 remained a prototype. Type: XB-51 Function: bomber Year: 1949 Crew: 2 Engines: 3 * 2350kg G.E. J47-GE-13 Speed: 1040km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4700kg B-52 Stratofortress, Boeing (M-USA-A-B|R|X-HS-N-JU8) The B-52 is an intercontinental jet bomber, with a large and flexible swept wing, a fuselage incorporating enormous bomb bays, and eight engines in pairs of two. Later the B-52 was modified to carry stand-off missiles, including the large 'Hound Dog', on pylons under the wing. The 'Big Belly' modification enabled it to carry huge loads of conventional bombs. The B-52 saw combat dropping conventional bombs in Vietnam and lately in the Gulf. Increasingly vulnerable in a modern combat environment, the B-52 still offers unique bomb-carrying capacity; several plans to replace it were found to be too costly. It entered service in 1955 and will probably stay until at least 2000! The B-52 also played a role with NASA as launch aircraft, carrying into air the {X-15} and others. The B-52 also was employed for recce tasks as the RB-52. Type: B-52D Function: bomber Year: Crew: 6 Engines: 8 * P&W J57-P-29WA Wing Span: 56.39m Length: 47.73m Height: 14.72m Wing Area: 371.60m2 Empty Weight: 85730kg Max.Weight: 204120kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: 11860km Armament: 4*mg12.7mm, 108 bombs (500lb GP) Type: B-52H Function: bomber Year: 1955 Crew: 6 Engines: 8 * 75.6kN P&W TF-33-P-3 Wing Span: 56.39m Length: 49.05m Height: 12.40m Wing Area: 371.60m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: +221353kg Speed: 957km/h Ceiling: 16765m Range: 16093km Armament: 1*g20mm, 22680kg (20*msl AGM-69 SRAM) B-53, Convair (P-USA-A-B-*-?-?) Jet bomber with forward swept wings. Never built. B-54, Boeing (P-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4) Development of the {B-50}, also called B-50C. B-55, Boeing (P-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4) Development of the {B-50}. Never built. B-56, Boeing (P-USA-A-B|R-HS-N-?) Also known as the YB-47C project, a reengined version of the {B-47}. B-57 Intruder, Martin (P-USA-A-B|R-MN-N-JW2|JW2&JU2) US development of the English Electric {Canberra}, a highly successful straight-wing jet bomber. The B-57 was especially used as night intruder aircraft, painted high-gloss black. Just like its British counterpart the B-57 was developed into high-flying spy versions. The normal span of 19.5m was extended to 32.3m for the RB-57D and 37.32m for the RB-57F. The latter also had two additional engines below its two P&W TF33's. There was also an EB-57. Type: B-57G Function: bomber Year: 1955 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 3275kg Wright J65-5 Speed: 937km/h Ceiling: 14500m Range: 3380km Armament: 2270kg Type: RB-57D Task: reconaissance Year: 1955 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 4990kg P&W J-57-P-5 Max. Speed: 936km/h Ceiling: 14630m Max. Range: 3700km Armament: B-58 Hustler, Convair (P-USA-A-B-MD-N-JU4) The B-58 was a supersonic jet bomber. The B-58 had a large, thin delta wing, a sleek area-ruled fuselage, and four J79 engine on pylons under the delta wing. The wing and much of the fuselage were filled with 41350 liters of fuel. For efficiency and range, it carried the bombs and more fuel in a jettisonable large pod under the fuselage, with a cross-section larger than than of its fuselage. Several types of pod were used, including one that could be dropped in two sections. A too short range and excessive operating costs brought an early end to the B-58's service life. Production began with no less than 30 pre-series YB-58s, followed by 86 standard B-58As. One NB-58 engine testbed and eight TB-58 trainers were built. 116 built. Type: B-58A Function: bomber Year: 1959 Crew: 3 Engines: 4 * 7076kg G.E. J79-GE-5A Wing Span: 17.32m Length: 29.49m Height: 9.58m Wing Area: 143.25m2 Empty Weight: 25202kg Max.Weight: 73936kg Speed: 2229km/h Ceiling: 18290m Range: 3219km Armament: 1*g20mm 8823kg B-59, Boeing (P-USA-A-B-?-?-?) Boeing model 701, not built. B-60, Convair (M-USA-A-B-HS-N-JU8) Sweptwing jet-engined development of the {B-36}. Proved inferior to the {B-52}. Type: YB-60 Function: bomber Year: 1952 Crew: 10 Engines: 8 * Speed: 805km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 10*g20mm, 32000kg B-61 Matador, Martin (P-USA-A-*-HS-N-J1) A cruise missile. B-61 was an unmanned shoulder-wing aircraft with a T-tail, launched from a zero-length launcher under rocket power. It was powered by a Allison J33 engine. Range was about 800km. Over 1000 entered service, later under the new designation TM-61. B-62 Snark, Northrop (P-USA-A-*-HS-N-J1) A cruise missile, later renamed SM-62. Snark was effectively a pilotless bomber, the first intercontinental missile program. It was powered by a single P&W J57 jet engine, and took off under the power of two boost rockets. Snark was subsonice, and was in service for about four years. B-63 Rascal, Bell This 'B' number was probably reserved for the GAM-63 Rascal missile, but never actually used. B-64 Navaho, North American A cruise missile. Missiles are not the subject of this document, but Navaho is worth mentioning. Navaho was designed to fly at speeds over Mach 3 at 18300m altitude, powered by two Curtiss- Wright RJ47 ramjets. The vertical take-off was under power of three rocket engines. Navaho was 29m long, weighed over 131 metric tons at launch, and had a range of 10200km. Navaho never entered service, but helped develop the technology for the ballistic missiles that replaced it. B-65 Atlas, Convair Intercontinental ballistic missile. Atlas was a 1 1/2 stage vehicle, the first-generation ICBM of the USA. Later the Atlas missile was used as a launcher for space programmes. B-66 Destroyer, Douglas (P-USA-A-B|R|E-HS-N-JU2) The B-66 was the USAF version of the USN's {A-3}, a much-modified aircraft. One change for the worse was the replacement of the J57 engine by the less satisfactory J71. The USAF used only 72 of its 294 B-66's as bombers, because fighter-bombers were more effective and less vulnerable. Most B-66s became electronic warfare and ELINT platforms. There were also some WB-66 wheater aircraft. They often escorted attack or bomber units during the Vietnam war. Type: RB-66B Function: ELINT aircraft Year: 1956 Crew: Engines: 2 * 4627kg Allison J71-A-11 Wing Span: 22.10m Length: 22.90m Height: 7.19m Wing Area: 72.46m2 Empty Weight: 19720kg Max.Weight: 37648kg Speed: 1015km/h Ceiling: 11855m Range: 1489km Armament: 2*g20mm B-67 Crossbow, Radioplane Number set aside for the GAM-67 missile. B-68, Martin (P-USA-A-B-D-?-J3) This seem to have been assigned to a three-engined delta-winged jet bomber designed by Martin, which was never built. There are reports that it was also used for the SM-68 Titan missile. B-69 Neptune, Lockheed (P-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW2TW2) USAF version of the {P2V} Neptune. B-70 Valkyrie, North American (P-USA-A-B-LD-N-JU6) The B-70 was a high-flying Mach 3 bomber, intended to replace the {B-52}. It was a canarded delta wing aircraft, designed to 'ride' on the shock wave contained between the lower fuselage and its movable, downturned wingtips. Because of kinetic heating at high speed, the B-70 was built from titanium and steel honeycomb parts. The advent of surface-to-aircraft missiles made the high-flying bomber obsolete. Two were built, as two-seat research aircraft. Type: XB-70A Year: 1969 Crew: 4 Engines: 6 * 14060kg G.E. YJ93-GE-3 Wing Span: 105ft Length: 185ft Height: 30ft 8in Wing Area: Empty Weight: 231215lb Max.Weight: 534792lb Speed: 3200km/h Ceiling: 24400m Range: 12070km Armament: B-72, McDonnell The Quail missile. This is an ECM-carrying decoy, intended to reduce the vulnerability of the B-52. B-75, Douglas The Thor missile. B-76, Martin The Mace missile, a development of Matador (See {B-61}.) but bigger, with more fuel and a larger warhead. It served from 1959 to 1966. B-77, Rockwell The Hounddog missile. Hounddog was derived from the {X-10} test vehicle for the Navaho ({B-64}) program. It was powered by a J52 engine, and carried underwing by {B-52} bombers. B-78, Redstone The Jupiter ballistic missile. Redstone arsenal missiles were designed by a team lead by Werner von Braun. Jupiter saw only limited service. B-80, Boeing The Minuteman missile, a three-stage ICBM that since the mid-6às is the main land-based ICBM in the US inventory. B-83, Martin The Bullpup missile. This was one of the first tactical air-to- surface missiles. Developed during the Korean war, Bullpup was a cheap and simple weapon. In Vietnam Bullpup was not very effective: Its short range brought the launch aircraft within range of the defenses. B-87, Douglas The Skybolt missile, a air-launched ballistic missile that was cancelled in 1961. B-901, Boeing (I-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW2) Renamed {B-9}. Numbers in the 900 series indicated that the aircraft, although used by the USAF, had been built as a private venture. B-906, Ford (I-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARU2&AR1) One XB-906 experimental bomber version of the Ford Trimotor. B-907, Martin (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) Monoplane bomber prototype. The original XB-907 had open cockpits and SR-1820-E engines. After modifications, the XB-907 became the prototype for the {B-10} bomber. BC, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) The letters BC meant 'Curtiss Battleplane'. It was an attractive two-seat biplane fighter, with a very narrow wing gap and a plywood monococque fuselage. Handling characteristics were extremely poor, and the BC was abandoned after the prototype crashed. Type: BC Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 425hp Liberty 12 Wing Span: 11.98m Length: 8.25m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1622kg Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: BC-1, North American (I-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Basic Combat 1, a designation given to early versions of the {AT-6}. Later they were all renamed AT-6. The BC-1 had the fabric-covered aft fuselage and outer wing panels of the {BT-9}. The BC-1A or AT-6A introduced stressed skin construction througout. BC-2, North American (I-USA-A-T-?-?-?) ? BC-3, Vultee (I-USA-A-T-?-?-?) ? BC-11, North American (I-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Designation given to some {BC-1}s, that were converted to instrument trainers. BD, Douglas (S-USA-A-AB-HN-N-ARW2) Navy version of the {A-20}. The USN received on BD-1 and eight BD-2s. BF2C, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-FB-B-N-AR1) Fighter-bomber, final development of the long series of Curtiss Hawk fighter biplanes. The XBF2C-1 prototype was initially the XF11C-3, a derivative of the {F11C} fighter with retractable landing gear. It was the last Curtiss fighter in service with the USN. It was in service for less than a year, because of serious problems with engine vibration at cruise power. Export versions reverted to a wooden wing structure to cure this problem; the most important user was China, that ordered 102 so-called Hawk IIIs, of which 90 were locally assembled. Type: BF2C-1 Function: fighter / bomber Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 550kW Wright R-1820-F53 Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 7.01m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 24.34m2 Empty Weight: 1529kg Max.Weight: 2066kg Speed: 370km/h Ceiling: 8300m Range: 1280km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 4*b52kg, 1*b215kg BFB, Boeing (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) The XBFB-1 was soon renamed X{F6B}-1. BFC Goshawk, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-FB-B-N-AR1) Prototypes and initial production of the {F11C}, while the later F11C-3 with retractable undercarriage was renamed {BF2C}. BG, Great Lakes (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1) Carrier dive bomber, developed from the {TG}. A biplane with fixed landing gear and open cockpits. 61 built. Type: BG-1 Function: attack Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 550kW P&W R-1535 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 35.67m2 Empty Weight: 1770kg Max.Weight: 2880kg Speed: 302km/h Ceiling: 6125m Range: 885km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 1*b454kg BK, Kaiser-Fleetwing (S-USA-AC-A-N-N-AR1) Redesignated {BTK} after the ability to carry torpedoes was added to the design. BLR-1, Boeing (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4) The XBLR-1 (the designation stood for Bomber, Long Range) was also known as the X{B-15}. BLR-2, Douglas (I-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW4) Also known as the X{B-19}. BM, Martin (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1) Dive-bomber, the first of the US Navy. Originally the type was known as the X{T5M}-1. 33 were built. Type: BM-1 Function: attack Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 385kW P&W R-1690-22 Speed: 233km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 645km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm, 450kg Boeing 767 (M-USA-A-C|E-LS-N-JU2) Twin-engined jet airliner. Some 767 are being converted to AWACS aircraft for the JASDF, to be delivered in 1998 and 1999. BQ-1, Fleetwing (?-USA-A-*-?-?-AIW2) Radio-controlled flying bomb. Two in-line air-cooled engines. BQ-2, Fleetwing (?-USA-A-*-?-?-ARW2) Version of the {BQ-1} with radial engines. BQ-3, Fairchild (S-USA-A-*-MN-N-AIW2) Radio-controlled version of the {AT-21}. 1814kg explosives. BQ-4, Interstate (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2) USAAF version of the {TDR}. BQ-5, Interstate (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-AIW2) {BQ-4} with Franklin O-805 engines. Cancelled. BQ-6, Interstate (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2) {BQ-4} with Wright R-975 engines. Cancelled. BQ-7 Aphrodite, Boeing (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW4) Unmanned version of the {B-17}. The flight-deck roof was cut away, equipment removed, radio-controls installed and it was loaded with 9072kg Torpex. Eight operational missions were flown. Results were poor. BQ-8, Consolidated (S-USA-A-*-HN-N-ARW4) Unmanned version of the {B-24}. The BQ-8 was loaded with 11340kg Torpex explosives. The eldest brother of John F. Kennedy was killed when one exploded prematurely. BT, Northrop / Douglas (I-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1) The BT-1 was a monoplane dive bomber, built by Northrop. It had rather vicious handling characteristics and no provision for wing folding. The USN ordered 54, but then switched to the {SB2U}. When Northrop was dissolved, Douglas developed the XBT-2 into the {SBD}. Type: BT-1 Function: attack Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 825hp P&W R-1535-94 Wing Span: 12.65m Length: 9.65m Height: 3.81m Wing Area: 29.63m2 Empty Weight: 2029kg Max.Weight: 3209kg Speed: 357km/h at 2895m Ceiling: 7710m Range: 1850km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm 454kg BT-1, Douglas (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Trainer modification of the {O-2}. BT-2, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1) Trainer modification of the 31 {O-32}'s built. Type: BT-2B Task: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W R-1340-11 Wing Span: 12.19m Length: 9.50m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 33.63m2 Empty Weight: 1324kg Max.Weight: 1845kg Speed: 216km/h Ceiling: 5850m Range: 515km Armament: BT2C, Curtiss (S-USA-AC-A-N-N-AR1) Single-seat torpedo and dive bomber. The BT2C was a relatively small, clean aircraft with good handling and performance. But the Navy preferred the {AD} Skyraider. Nine built. Type: XBT2C-1 Function: attack Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2500hp Wright R-3350-24 Wing Span: 14.50m Length: 11.79m Height: 5.00m Wing Area: 38.65m2 Empty Weight: 5565kg Max.Weight: 8682kg Speed: 562km/h Ceiling: 8560m Range: 2415km Armament: 2*g20mm 1814kg BT2D, Douglas (P-USA-AC-A|E-LN-N-AR1) The XBT2D-1 was the prototype of the {AD} Skyraider. BT-4, Curtiss (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Trainer, a modification of the {O-1}E, also known as XO-1G. BT-7, Consolidated (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Development of {PT-1} and {PT-3} series with a 223kW P&W Wasp engine. BT-8, Seversky (I-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Monoplane trainer, the first all-metal low-wing monoplane trainer of the USAAC. The BT-8 had a fixed trousered undercarriage, but complete controls for a retractable one were fitted for training purposes! 30 were built. Type: BT-8 Function: trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp P&W R-985-11 Wasp Junior Wing Span: 10.97m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 5180m Range: 1170km Armament: BT-9, North American (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Trainer monoplane, precursor of the {AT-6}, with a fixed undercarriage. Type: BT-9 Function: trainer Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp Wright R-975-E7 Speed: 282km/h Ceiling: 5795m Range: 1305km Armament: 2*mg BT-12, Fleetwings (?-USA-A-T-?-?-AR1) Two-seat trainer. 335kW P&W R-985-25 engine. BT-13 Valiant, Vultee (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Basic trainer, a conventional low-wing aircraft. The BT-13 did not make any headlines, but 11537 were built for the USAAF and USN, including the {SNV} and {BT-15}. That made it one of the most used trainers of WWII. Type: BT-13A Task: trainer Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-1 Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 8.79m Height: 3.51m Wing Area: 22.20m2 Empty Weight: 1531kg Max.Weight: 2039kg Max. Speed: 293km/h Ceiling: 6600m Max. Range: 1170km BT-14, North American (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Training monoplane, derived from the {BT-9}, with stressed skin construction as introduced on the BC-1A. It was thus equivalent to an {AT-6} with fixed landing gear and a lower-powered engine. Type: BT-14 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 420hp Wright R-975-E3 Speed: 274km/h Ceiling: 5310m Range: 1180km Armament: BT-15, Vultee (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Version of the {BT-13} with a Wright R-975-1 engine, because of a shortage of Pratt & Whitney R-985s. BT-16, Vultee (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Post-war experimental version of the {BT-13}, converted with a fuselage of plastic. BT-17, Boeing (S-USA-A-T-?-?-AR1|AI1) Trainer built from non-strategic materials during WWII. No production, because there were no materials shortages. There was also a version with a 225hp Lycoming. Type: XBT-17 Task: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W Wasp Junior Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: BT-28, North American (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Renamed {T-28}. BT-30, Douglas (?-USA-A-T-?-?-AR1) Renamed {T-30}. BTC, Curtiss (S-USA-AC-A-N-N-AR1) Single-seat dive bomber and torpedo bomber. The XBTC-1 was powered by the Wright R-3350, and the XBTC-2 by the P&W R-4360 engine. The XBTC-1 was not built, and the XBTC-2 delayed, in order to concentrate resources on the {SB2C}. Finally, the USN only showed interest in the full-span duplex flaps and contra-rotating propellers of the XBTC-2, and used the two prototypes to evaluate these. Type: XBTC-2 Function: attack Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3000hp P&W R-4360-14 Wing Span: 15.24m Length: 11.76m Height: 5.08m Wing Area: 37.72m2 Empty Weight: 6481kg Max.Weight: 9327kg Speed: 620km/h Ceiling: 7620m Range: 4hrs 10min Armament: 4*g20mm 1*b726kg 2*b227kg BTD Destroyer, Douglas (S-USA-AC-A-N-N-AR1) Single-seat dive bomber and torpedo bomber. The BTD was developed from the {SB2D} and turned out to be no more successful. The BTD was lighter and simpler, but handling characteristics were very poor. Of an order for 358, only 29 were built. Douglas asked for the BTD contract to be cancelled, and designed the {BT2D} or {AD} Skyraider instead. Type: BTD-1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1680kW Wright R-3350-14 Wing Span: 14.61m Length: 6.20m Height: 4.14m Wing Area: 34.65m2 Empty Weight: 5851kg Max.Weight: 8618kg Speed: 554km/h Ceiling: 6340m Range: Armament: 2*g20mm 1451kg BTK, Kaiser-Fleetwing (S-USA-AC-A-N-N-AR1) Single-seat dive and torpedo bomber. Like the Martin {BTM}, the BTK was designed as a smaller, lighter alternative to the {BTD} and {BTC}. Despite some handling problems, the future of the BTK looked promising; but all contracts were cancelled at the end of WWII. Five were built. Type: XBTK-1 Function: attack Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1566kW P&W R-2800-34W Wing Span: 14.83m Length: 11.86m Height: 4.78m Wing Area: 35.30m2 Empty Weight: 4517kg Max.Weight: 7159kg Speed: 600km/h Ceiling: 10180m Range: Armament: 2*g20mm 1814kg BTM Mauler, Martin (P-USA-AC-A|E-LN-N-AR1) Renamed {AM}. BVL-12, Pomilio (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1) Two-seat biplane bomber. Six built. Type: BVL-12 Function: bomber Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 298kW Liberty 12 Wing Span: 13.79m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 179km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: --C--------------------------------------------------------------------------- C, Orenco (F-USA-A-T-B-N-?1) Two-seat trainer derivative of the Orenco {B}. C-1 Trader, Grumman (P-USA-AC-C-HN-N-ARW2) A COD (Carrier Onboard Delivery) version of the {S-2} Tracker anti-submarine aircraft. The C-1 had a larger, deeper fuselage. Type: C-1A Function: transport Year: 1952 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1100kW Wright R-1820-82WA Speed: 467km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1500km Freight: 9 seats. C-1, Douglas (I-USA-A-C-B-N-IL1) USAAC cargo and troop transport, a rather large single-engined biplane. 27 were built. Type: C-1 Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty Speed: 120mph Ceiling: 15950ft Range: Load: 6 seats C-2 Greyhound, Grumman (M-USA-AC-C-HN-N-TW2) A COD version of the {E-2} Hawkeye, with a larger and deeper fuselage. Type: C-2A Function: transport Year: 1964 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 3660kW Allison T56-A-425 Speed: 574km/h Ceiling: 10210m Range: 1930km Freight: 6804kg, 28 seats. C-2, Fokker (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1&ARU2) Military version of the famous Fokker F.VII/3m transport. The F.VII/3m was a popular aircraft for aviation pioneers, who made many record-setting flights in it. In USAAC service one C-2 made the first flight from San Fransisco to Honolulu, and another C-2 callled "Question Mark" stayed in the air for 150hr with the help of aerial refuelling. Later eight more C-2As were ordered. They had slightly wider fuselages than civilian F.VIIs, and different cockpits. Type: C-2A Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 3 * 164kW Wright R-790 Wing Span: 22.61m Length: 14.73m Height: 4.11m Wing Area: 66.70m2 Empty Weight: 2951kg Max.Weight: 4715kg Speed: 182km/h Ceiling: Range: 475km Load: 10 seats C-3, Ford (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARU2&AR1) Army version of the Ford TriMotor. C-3, Martin (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Former {RM}, see there. C-4, Ford (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARU2&AR1) Army version of the Ford TriMotor. C-4 Gulfstream I, Grumman (M-USA-A-C|T-LN-N-TW2) Version of the Gulfstream I as VIP transport (VC-4) or trainer (TC-4). The TC-4 is a trainer for {A-6} crews, with a large nose radome. C-5, Fokker (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1&ARU2) Military version of the Fokker F.10 high-wing transport aircraft, a larger development of the F.VII (alias {C-2}). It was powered by three 300hp Wright R-975 radials. C-5 Galaxy, Lockheed (M-USA-A-C-HS-N-JU4) Until the advent of the {An-124} the C-5 was the world's largest aircraft. It was designed to carry the heaviest army equipment. Possible loads include an M-1 Abrams tank, six A{H-64} helicopters or ten Pershing missiles. The C-5 program suffered from fatigue problems and underestimated costs. Later the aircraft were rewinged and modified to C-5B configuration. Type: C-5A Function: transport Year: 1971 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 18600kg G.E. TF39-GE-1 Wing Span: 67.88m Length: 75.54m Height: 19.85m Wing Area: 575.98m2 Empty Weight: 153286kg Max.Weight: 348813kg Speed: 919km/h Ceiling: 10360m Range: 12460km Freight: 120240kg, up to 345seats, but normally only 75 seats on the upper deck. Type: C-5B Function: transport Year: 1982 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 191.2kN G.E. TF39-GE-1C Wing Span: 67.88m Length: 75.51m Height: 19.85m Wing Area: 576m2 Empty Weight: 169645kg Max.Weight: 381018kg Speed: 919km/h Ceiling: 10900m Range: Armament: 118390kg. 90 seats on upper deck, 290 could be carried on main deck. C-6, Beechcraft (M-USA-A-CU-LN-N-AIW2) The VC-6 was a VIP-transport version of the A90 King Air. Other military versions of this aircraft are known as {C-12}, {T-44} or {U-21}. Type: King Air C90 Function: transport Year: 1970 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 410kW P&WC PT6A-21 Speed: 412km/h Ceiling: 8700m Range: 2230km Freight: 4 to 8 seats C-7, Fokker (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1&ARU2) Derivative of the F.VII or {C-2}, powered by 330hp R-975 engines. Production aircraft had a larger wing and the fuselage of the {C-5}. C-7, de Havilland Canada (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2) The DHC-4A {Caribou} STOL transport. These aircraft were ordered by the US Army, but later transferred to the USAF. Their original designations has been {AC-1} and C{V-2}. Type: DHC-4A Function: transport Year: 1958 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1070kW P&W R-2000-7M2 Speed: 350km/h Ceiling: 7560m Range: 2100km Freight: 4000kg, 32 seats C-7, de Havilland Canada (M-CANADA-A-E-HN-N-TW4) Military version of the DHC-7. The US Army uses it as the RC-7B low-altitude reconaissance platform. It is planned to replace the PT6A engines by LHTEC CTP800s. Six are in servive, acquisition of nine more is planned. C-8, Fairchild (I-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) Fairchild model 71. Used as photographic aircraft. (?) Also known as the U{C-96}. C-8, de Havilland Canada C-8 (P-CANADA-A-C-HN-N-TW2) The {DHC-5} Buffalo, a development of the {DHC-4} Caribou with turboprop engines. The XC-8A tested an air cushion landing gear. Type: DHC-5D Country: Canada Function: transport Year: 1974 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 2336kW G.E. CT64-820-4 Wing Span: 29.26m Length: 24.08m Height: 8.76m Wing Area: 87.79m2 Empty Weight: 11412kg Max.Weight: 22317kg Speed: 467km/h Ceiling: 9450m Range: 1110km Load: 8165kg, 41 seats C-9, Ford (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARU2&AR1) Army version of the Ford TriMotor. C-9, Douglas (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2) Version of the DC-9 sr.30 airliner. Type: C-9B Function: transport Year: 1973 Crew: 3 Engines: Speed: 927km/h Ceiling: Range: 4704km Freight: C-10 Extender, McDonnell Douglas (M-USA-A-KC-LS-N-JW2&JF1) The KC-10 is based on the DC-10-30CF commercial freighter, and succeeded the K{C-135} as tanker aircraft. It can also be operated as a transport, because the fuel tanks are below the main floor. Type: KC-10A Function: tanker / transport Year: 1980 Crew: 3-5 Engines: 3 * 23814kg G.E. CF6-50C2 Wing Span: 50.39m Length: 55.35m Height: 17.70m Wing Area: 367.70m2 Empty Weight: 109328kg Max.Weight: 267620kg Speed: 908km/h Ceiling: 10180m Range: 18507km Freight: 76825kg Fuel Load: 161508kg C-10, Beechcraft (?-USA-A-U-?-?-?) Beechcraft model 115, cancelled. C-10 Jetstream, British Aerospace (M-USA-A-C-LN-N-TW2) The BAe (Handley Page) Jetstream twin-turboprop business aircraft. C-11, Gulfstream (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2) The VC-11 is a VIP transport version of the Gulfstream II Biz-Jet Type: Gulfstream II Function: transport Year: 1966 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 50.7kN R.R. Spey Mk511-8 Speed: 936km/h Ceiling: 13100m Range: 6025km Freight: 19 seats C-12, Lockheed (I-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) The single Y1C-12 was a Lockheed DL-1 Vega. C-12 Huron, Beech (P-USA-A-U|E-LN-N-TW2) Military version of the Beech A/B200 and 1900 Super King Air. The King Air was used with the designation {U-21}, but some U-21s have been redesignated C-12 after modifications. The basic type is a light transport. A number were used as RC-12 "Guardrail" signal intelligence aircraft, loaded with electronic equipement for intercepting enemy radio transmissions. The current version is the RC-12N. Some C-12s used as embassy transports also have been known to carry hidden cameras during their "diplomatic" flights. Type: C-12A Function: transport Year: 1975 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 559kW P&WC PT6A-38 Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: Range: Freight: 8 seats C-13, Beech (?-USA-A-U-?-?-?) Later redesignated {U-25} Huron, and cancelled. C-14, Boeing (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-JW2) Only two were built of this STOL freighter. The YC-14 had a supercritical shoulder wing and a T-tail. STOL performance was achieved by directing the exhaust of the two engines over the upper wing and the flaps, adhering to it because of the Coanda effect. The USAF decided to postpone the procurement of new transport aircraft. Type: YC-14 Function: transport Year: 1976 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 227kN G.E. CF6-50D Wing Span: 39.32m Length: 40.13m Height: 14.73m Wing Area: 163.69m2 Empty Weight: 53297kg Max.Weight: 107501kg Speed: 811km/h Ceiling: 13716m Range: 5133km Freight: 36742kg, up to 150 seats. C-14, General Aircraft (I-USA-A-C-PN-N-AR1) This was a military version of the Fokker F.14 mailplane. The C-14 was a single-engined parasol-wing aircraft. 20 Y1C-14s were delivered to the USAAC. Type: Y1C-14 Function: transport Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 225hp P&W Hornet Speed: 224km/h Ceiling: 5490m Range: 1280km Load: 6 seats C-15, General Aircraft (I-USA-A-U-PN-N-AR1) One Y1{C-14} was converted to a flying ambulance and renamed C-15. Later the USAAC bought a civilian Fokker F.14 and converted it to C-15A configuration. C-15, McDonnell Douglas (P-USA-A-C-HS-N-JU4) The YC-15 was slightly more succesful than the competing Y{C-14}, because it was the basis for the {C-17}. Still, only two were built and the USAF postponed the procurement of new transports. For STOL operations, the YC-15 had special flaps, which were blown on directly by the underwing engines. In 1996 the YC-15 was flown again to support C-17 development. Type: YC-15 Function: transport Year: 1975 Crew: 2 Engines: 4 * 7250kg P&W JT8D-17 Speed: 861km/h Ceiling: Range: 4810km Freight: 28122kg, up to 150 seats. 7 C-16, Fokker (I-USA-AF-C-HN-N-ARO1) The USAAC tested one Fokker F.11 amphibian as the Y1C-16. This was shoulder-wing aircraft powered by a 525hp Wright R-1750 radial mounted on a pylon on top of the fuselage. C-17 Globemaster III, McDonnell Douglas (M-USA-A-C-HS-N-JU4) STOL long-range heavy-lift aircraft, currently entering service. The C-17 was designed to combine the payload and range of the {C-141} and {C-5} with the airfield performance of the {C-130}. There is room in the C-17 cargo compartiment for two A{H-64}'s and three O{H-58} helicopters. Type: C-17A Function: transport Year: 1993 Crew: 3 Engines: 4 * 185.5kN P&W F117-PW-100 Wing Span: 52.20m Length: 53.04m Height: 16.79m Wing Area: 353m2 Empty Weight: 122000kg Max.Weight: 263100kg Speed: 648km/h Ceiling: Range: 8710km Freight: 78110kg C-17, Detroit-Lockheed (I-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) The Y1C-17 was a Lockheed model DL-1B Speed Vega. The DL-1s, built after Detroit bought Lockheed, had metal fuselages and wooden wings. The Y1C-17 was powered by a 500hp P&W R-1340-17. C-18, Boeing (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU4) The C-18A was a 707-320C freighter. Of the eight bought by the USAF, two were rebuilt as EC-18C, two as EC-18D and four as EC-18B. The EC-18's are 707's modified to carry electronic equipment and radars. The EC-18C or J-STARS is now known as the {E-8}. The EC-18D is a cruise mission control platform. The EC-18B with its very large nose radome is used for tracking spacecraft or missile tests. C-19, Northrop (I-USA-A-C-LN-N-AR1) The YC-19 was a militarized Northrop Alpha mailplane. Three built. 420hp P&W Wasp engine. C-19, Boeing (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU4) Boeing 747's in commercial service that are equipped with extra doors and reinforced floors to be available as military transports. They are operated with a government subsidy to compensate for the additional 5900kg weight. C-20, Gulfstream (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2) VIP transport version of the Gulfstream III C-20, Fokker (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARDU4) The single YC-20 was a Fokker F-32 airliner. The F-32 was in its time a very large aircraft, able to carry 30 passengers and a crew of two. The four engines, installed in tandem in underwing nacelles, left it underpowered. The USAAC did not order the type, and the airlines were also unenthusiastic. C-21, Learjet (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2) Learjet 35A. The USAF leased 80 of them in 1985, then bought them in 1986. Used to transport high-priority spares and people. Type: C-21A Function: transport Year: 1985 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 15.6kN Garrett TFE731-2-2B Speed: 872km/h Ceiling: 13715m Range: 2240km Freight: 1360kg, 8 seats. C-21 Dolphin, Douglas (I-USA-AF-C-?-?-AR?2) Transport Amphibian. Type: C-21 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 224kW Wright R-975 Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: 885km Freight: C-22, Boeing (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF3) Five Boeing 727's used by the USAF, all former civil aircraft. Type: C-22B Function: transport Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 3 * 6577kg P&W JT8D-7 Speed: 1014km/h Ceiling: 11400m Range: 3300km Load: 11677kg C-23 Sherpa, Shorts (M-USA-A-C-HN-N-TW2) Freighter version of the Shorts 330-200 commuter. Used for the transport of high-priority spares and people. Type: C-23A Function: transport Year: 1984 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 893kW P&WC PT6A-45R Wing Span: 22.76m Length: 17.69m Height: 4.95m Wing Area: 42.1m2 Empty Weight: 6680kg Max.Weight: 10400kg Speed: 352km/h Ceiling: Range: 1240km Freight: 3400kg, 33 seats C-23, Detroit-Lockheed (I-USA-A-C-LN-N-AR1) The Y1C-23 was a Lockheed DL-2A Altair. As was the case with the Y1{C-17}, the DL-2 Altair had a metal fuselage. Two were delivered to the US Army. C-24, McDonnell Douglas (P-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4) The EC-24A is a DC-8-54F modified for fleet electronic warfare support missions. Type: EC-24A Task: electronic warfare Year: Crew: 10 Engines: Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: 8895km Load: 20 seats, 1361kg C-25, Lockheed (I-USA-A-C-LN-N-AR1) Army version of the Lockheed Altair. C-25, Boeing (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU4) The VC-25A is the presidential aircraft ("Air Force One"), a modified Boeing 747. Two are in service. Type: VC-25A Function: VIP transport Year: Crew: 23 Engines: 4 * 252.4kN G.E. F103-GE-102 Speed: Ceiling: Range: 11120km Freight: 80 seats C-26 Dolphin, Douglas (I-USA-AF-C-?-?-AR?2) Development of C-21. C-26 Metro III, Fairchild (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-TW2) The Fairchild Metro III twin-turboprop feederliner in military service, as Operational Support Aircraft. The slender-looking Metro has a cramped cabin, but is fast and reasonably cheap. In 1996 to USAF put them in storage. Type: Metro III Function: transport Year: 1970 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 820kW Garrett TPE331-11U-611G Wing Span: 1737m Length: 18.09m Height: 5.08m Wing Area: 28.7m2 Empty Weight: 3963kg Max.Weight: 6577kg Speed: 515km/h Ceiling: 8380m Range: 1970km Freight: 18-20 seats C-27, Bellanca (I-USA-A-C-B-N-AR1) Army version of the Bellanca Aircruiser. C-27, Fairchild (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-TW2) Fairchild was Fokker's representative in the USA. The UC-27A was a Fokker F.27 Friendship used by the USN. (Originally sold to Pepsi-Cola...) C-27, Aeritalia/Chrysler (M-USA-A-C-HN-N-TW2) The C-27A is the Aeritalia {G.222} twin-turboprop STOL transport. The US representative of the manufacturer was Chrysler. The USAF used the C-27 mainly for operatos in Panama and Central America. The last C-27As were retired in 1999, as the US closed its bases in Panama. There were plans for a C-27J version, to be developed by Lockheed Martin and Aeritalia, using technology from the {C-130}J. C-29 Dolphin, Douglas (I-USA-AF-C-?-?-AR?2) Development of {C-21}. C-29, British Aerospace (M-GB-A-C|E-LS-N-JF2) The British {BAe.125} business jet. Six BAe 125 Sr.800 aircraft are used as navaid calibration aircraft by the USAAF. They are now painted in civilian colors, because their role was transferred to the FAA. C-30 Condor, Curtiss (I-USA-A-C-B-N-ARW2) Military version of the Curtiss T-32 Condor II biplane airliner. Two YC-30s were used as VIP transports by the USAAC, two {R4C}-1s were used by the USN for the same purpose. Type: AT-32B Condor II Function: transport Year: 1934 Crew: Engines: 2 * 530kW Wright SGR-1820-F2 Cyclone Wing Span: 25.0m Length: 14.8m Height: Wing Area: 112m2 Empty Weight: 5550kg Max.Weight: 7940kg Speed: 305km/h Ceiling: 7010m Range: 1152km Load: 12 seats C-31, Fokker Name given to two Fokker F.27 Friendship twin-turboprop transports, confiscated in a drug bust. C-32, Boeing (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU2) Military version of the 757-200 twin-engined airliner. Four VIP transport versions, with 45 seats, have been ordered to replace the {C-137}s. C-32, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Military version of the DC-2. Type: C-32A Function: transport Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 560kW Wright SGR-1820-F-52 Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: 6840m Range: Freight: 14-16 seats. C-33, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The small number of C-33s were {C-32}s with a larger tail and wider doors. C-34, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The difference between the {C-32} and the YC-34 was mainly in the interior. Only two built. C-35, Lockeed (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The XC-35 was an experimental high-altitude version of the famous Lockheed 10 Electra. One built. C-35, Cessna (M-USA-A-C-LN-N-JF2) The US Army bought the Cessna 560 Citation V as the UC-35. The first were delivered in 1997. It is intended to buy about 40. C-36, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The C-36 was another variation on the Lockheed 10 Electra. Type: UC-36 Function: transport Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 330kW P&W R-985-13 Speed: 309km/h Ceiling: 5920m Range: 1410km Freight: 10 seats. C-37, Gulfstream (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2) The USAF recently decided to buy two Gulfstream V long-range business jets for use as VIP transports. C-37, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Yet another Lockheed Electra in military service... See {C-36}. C-38, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The C-38 was a {C-33} with a DC-3 tail. One built. C-38 Astra, IAI (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2) The USAF has ordered two IAI Astra SPX bussiness jets to replace {C-21}s. C-39, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The C-39 was another {C-33} variation with even more DC-3 parts than the {C-38}. 35 were built. C-40, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The C-40 was a militarized Lockheed 12 or 212 Electra Junior. Type: UC-40A Function: transport Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 3 * 330kW P&W Wasp Junior SB Speed: 344km/h Ceiling: 6800m Range: 1705km Freight: 5 pass. C-40, Boeing The US Navy ordered three Boeing 737-700Cs as C-40As for its Navy Unique Fleet Essential Airlift Replacement Aircraft (NUFEA-RA) programme to replace the US Navy C-9B Skytrain IIs. Two examples were ordered in October 1997 and a third example in June 1998. They will be delivered from December 2000 to the Commander Naval Air Reserve Forces. C-41, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The C-41 was a reengined {C-39}. One C-41 and one C-14A built. C-42, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The {C-42} was a reengined C-39. One built. C-43 Traveler, Beech (I-USA-A-TU-B-N-AR1) The UC-43 was the military designation of the Beech 17, an elegant high-performance biplane best known as the "Staggerwing" because of of the strong backstagger of its wings. Type: UC-43 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-1 Speed: 312km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 800km Freight: 4 seats. C-45 Expeditor, Beech (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) One of the many forms in wich the twin-engined Beech 18 light transport was used by the military. In all, more than 4000 military model 18's were built, as the {AT-7}, {AT-11}, UC-45, {C-45}, {JRB} and {SNB}. Type: C-45F Function: transport Year: 194n Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-1 Speed: 362km/h Ceiling: 6250m Range: 1630km Freight: 5 or 7 seats. C-46 Commando, Curtiss (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Originally designed as the CW-20 civil transport, but only built for military users. The C-46 was much larger and more powerful than the {C-47}. It was pressed into service too early to help the transports over the 'Hump' to China, and had a lot of problems at first. Later it was a successful and widely used freighter. The Navy used it as the {R5C}. Some are still in use today. Type: C-46A Function: transport Year: 1943 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1492kW P&W R-2800-51 Wing Span: 32.91m Length: 23.26m Height: 6.62m Wing Area: 126.34m2 Empty Weight: 13608kg Max.Weight: 20412kg Speed: 434km/h Ceiling: 7470m Range: 5070km Freight: 4535kg or 40 seats C-47 Skytrain, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The military DC-3, best known as the "Dakota". One of the most successful aircraft ever, and praised by Eisenhower amongst the most important instruments of victory in WWII. More than 13300 of the DC-3 in all its forms were built -- this included Japanese and Soviet production. Of course the C-47 was also used for other tasks than transport. There was an HC-47 rescue aircraft, an RC-47 recce aircraft, TC-47 trainer, and an EC-47. The AC-47 was a gunship version of the C-47, used as late as the the Vietnam war. Armament was pointed through the left windows; the AC-47 sprayed its targets with gunfire in a lefthand turn. Type: C-47 Function: transport Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 880kW P&W R-1830-92 Wing Span: 29.11m Length: 19.43m Height: 5.18m Wing Area: 91.69m Empty Weight: 8256kg Max.Weight: 11794kg Speed: 368km/h Ceiling: 7100m Range: 2400km Freight: 4500kg or 28 seats. C-48, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) A military DC-3, civil impressement. P&W R-1830. Some were former DST sleeper transports. C-49, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) A military DC-3, civil impressement. Wright R-1820-71. Also some DST's. C-50, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) A military DC-3, civil impressement. Wright R-1820-85. C-51, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) A military DC-3. Wright R-1820-33. Paratroop transport, one built. C-52, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) A military DC-3. Built to civil contracts taken over by the USAAF; paratroop transport. P&W R-1830-51. C-53 Skytrooper, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) A military DC-3. Intended for troop transport; it did not have the reinforced floor and wide doors of the {C-47}. Type: C-53 Function: transport Year: 1941 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 880kW P&W R-1830-92 Speed: 370km/h Ceiling: 7300m Range: 2170km Freight: 27 seats, 5535kg C-54 Skymaster, Douglas (S-USA-A-C|U|E|T-LN-N-ARW4) Also know in civil form as the DC-4. Production began with military aircraft. In three years, C-54's made 79642 crossings of the Atlantic; only three were lost. After WWII production reverted to airliners. There also was a SC-54 SAR version, a TC-54 trainer, an EC-54, a RC-54, and a MC-54 casevac aircraft. Type: C-54G Function: transport Year: 1941 Crew: Engines: 4 * 1070kW P&W R-2000-9 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 440km/h Ceiling: 6860m Range: 6240km Freight: C-55, Curtiss (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) A variant of the {C-46} Commando. The original CW-20 prototype had twin tail fins. It was modified with the single tailfin adopted by all production aircraft, and tested by the USAAF as the C-55. It was then delivered to the British BOAC. C-56 Lodestar, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2) Militarized Lockheed Lodestar, civil impressement. Wright GR-1820-G1O2A engines. C-57 Lodestar, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2) Militarized Lockheed Lodestar, civil impressement. P&W R-1830-51 engines. C-58, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2) Transport modification of the {B-18} Bolo. Two converted, but many more B-18s served as transports. C-59 Lodestar, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2) Militarized Lockheed Lodestar, civil impressement. P&W R-1690 Hornet engines. Crew of 4, 14 seats. C-60 Lodestar, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2) Militarized Lockheed 18 Lodestar, a modern twin-engined transport aircraft. The Lodestar was larger than the Electra. Type: C-60A Function: transport Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 880kW Wright R-1820-87 Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: 8230m Range: 2670km Freight: 21 seats C-61 Forwarder, Fairchild (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1|AR1) The UC-61 was an adaption of the model 24 four-seat commercial monoplane. The UC-61 had a Warner Super Scarab radial, P&W R-985 radial, or a Ranger air-cooled inline engine. It also served in Britain, as the {Argus}, and in the US Navy, as the GK. Type: UC-61K Function: liaison Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 200hp Ranger L-440-7 Speed: 198km/h Ceiling: 3880m Range: 745km Freight: 3 seats C-63, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2) An {A-29} Hudson equipped with benches for troop transport. Later renamed A-29A. C-64 Norseman, Noorduyn (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1) A rugged Canadian-built transport aircraft. The C-64B had floats. Type: UC-64A Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 440kW P&W R-1340-AN-1 Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 5180m Range: 960km Freight: 8 seats. C-66 Lodestar, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2) Militarized Lockheed Lodestar, civil impressement. Wright R-1820 engines. C-67, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The UC-67 was a conversion of the {B-23} bomber, itself a development of the {B-18}. Twelve were converted of 38 B-23's built. Type: B-23 Function: transport Year: Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1600hp P&W R-2600-3 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 454km/h Ceiling: 9600m Range: 2340km Freight: C-68, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) One more designation assigned to a DC-3 like aircraft. Two DC-3A taken over from airlines. P&W R-1830. C-69 Constellation, Lockheed (P-USA-A-C|E-LN-N-ARW4) Military Lockheed L-49 Constellation. The later model L-749 was known as {C-121} in military service. C-70, Howard (S-USA-A-UC-HN-N-AR1) UC-70 was the USAF Designation, the US Navy designation was {GH}. These aircraft were all former civilian Howard DGA-12, DGA-15J, DGA-8 and DGA-9 aircraft. No UC-70s were purpose-built for the air force. C-71, Spartan (S-USA-A-U-?N-N-AR1) The Spartan Executive. 16 were used by the USAAF. Type: UC-71 Function: transport Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 295kW P&W R-985-33 Speed: 348km/h Ceiling: 7370m Range: 1520km Freight: 4 seats C-72, Waco (S-USA-A-TU-B-N-AR1) The UC-72 was a four-seat biplane, designed as navigational trainer. Production ceased in 1942. A number of civil aircraft were acquired by the USAAF, in small groups with designations up to UC-72Q. C-73, Boeing (I-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) The Boeing 247, of which 27 were put into military service. Because of their narrow cabin doors, they were used as personnel transports or trainers. Boeing also produced a prototype of an armed version, the 247Y. Type: C-73 Function: transport Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 400kW P&W Wasp S1H-1G Wing Span: 22.56m Length: 15.72m Height: 3.6m Wing Area: 77.68m2 Empty Weight: 4148kg Max.Weight: 6192kg Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: 5160m Range: 1200km Freight: C-74 Globemaster, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4) The first Globemaster. The C-74 was a greatly enlarged development of the DC-4. It also used the DC-7 designation, but was that was reused later for a commercial type. Only 14 were built, because of the end of WWII. The Berlin airlift convinced the USAF of the need for an advanced cargo aircraft, and Douglas developed the larger {C-124}. The C-74 remained in service until 1959. Type: C-74 Function: transport Year: 1945 Crew: Engines: 4 * 2200kW P&W R-4360-49 Wing Span: 52.81m Length: 37.85m Height: 13.34m Wing Area: 233.19m2 Empty Weight: 39087kg Max.Weight: 78018kg Speed: 523km/h Ceiling: 6645m Range: 12550km Freight: 25400kg C-75 Stratoliner, Boeing (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4) Boeing model 307, a transport aircraft with {B-17} wings and a new, pressurised cabin. Ten built, that were exchanged by Panam, TWA and the USAAF. During WWII, they were operated by TWA as VIP transports on the transatlantic lines. Type: C-75 Function: transport Year: 1939 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 671kW Wright GR-1820 Wing Span: 32.61m Length: 22.66m Height: 6.34m Wing Area: 138.05m2 Empty Weight: 13608kg Max.Weight: 19050kg Speed: 396km/h Ceiling: 7985m Range: 3850km Freight: 33seats C-76 Caravan, Curtiss Wright (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2) Twin-engined, high-wing all-wood transport. Curtiss received contracts for 1400, but these were quickly cancelled when the C-76 revealed bad handling and weak construction. 19 built. Type: C-76 Function: transport Year: 1943 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1200hp P&W R-1820 Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: Range: Freight: C-77, Cessna (S-USA-A-CU-HN-N-ARW1) The UC-77 was an utility aircraft, put in military service in 1942. They were high-wing cabin monoplanes with four seats. The UC-77 was a Curtiss DC-6A, powered by a 224kW Wright Whirlwind and the UC-77A was the DC-6B, with a 168kW Wright J-6 engine. The UC-77B was the Curtiss C-34, powered by a 108kW Warner Super Scarab, and the improved Curtiss C-37 was known as UC-77C. They were all built between 1929 and 1938; small series were built, and a few put into military service. C-78 Bobcat, Cessna (S-USA-A-UT-LN-N-ARW2) The UC-78 was used as advanced trainer and light transport. It was a militarized Cessna T-50. The same aircraft served as trainer as the {AT-8} and {AT-17}. Cessna built 3414 UC-78s for the military, and a few impressed civilian aircraft were known as UC-78A's. Type: UC-78 Function: transport / trainer Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 183kW Jacobs R-755-9 Wing Span: 12.8m Length: 9.98m Height: 3.02m Wing Area: 27.41m2 Empty Weight: 1588kg Max.Weight: 2585kg Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: 6700m Range: 1200km Freight: 4 seats C-79, Junkers (S-D-A-C-LN-N-ARW2&AR1) Assigned to a Junkers Ju52/3m that was pressed into service in 1941. C-80, Harlow (S-USA-A-U-?N-N-ARW1) Four UC-80s were used by the USAAF. Type: UC-80 Function: transport Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 105kW Warner Super Scarab 50A Speed: 241km/h Ceiling: 4720m Range: 805km Freight: 3 seats C-81 Reliant, Stinson (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) The UC-81 was a four/five seat bussiness and sports monoplane. It was built for the USAAF as transport and trainer (AT-19). Type: UC-81 Function: utility Year: 1938 Crew: 4 Engines: 1 * 290hp Lycoming R-680-13 Speed: 226km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 1285km Freight: 18 seats C-82 Packet, Fairchild (S-USA-A-C-HN-T-ARW2) Fairchild F-78 twin-boom transport. Design began in 1941 and prototype flew in 1944. Most were cancelled when the war ended, because the more developed {C-119} was preferred. 224 were built. A dorsal J34 engine could be installed to improve take-off performance. Type: C-82A Function: transport Year: 1945 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 2100hp P&W R-2800-85 Speed: 381km/h Ceiling: 6710m Range: 1600km Freight: 41 seats. C-83, Piper (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1) The UC-83 was also known as the {L-4}. C-84, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Douglas DC-3B's taken over from airlines. Wright R-1820-G202A. Four built. C-85, Lockheed (I-USA-A-U-LN-N-AR1) The UC-85 was a Lockheed 9D-2 Orion. C-86 Forwarder, Fairchild (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) The UC-86 was the Former U{C-61}K, the radial-engined (Warner Scarab) version of the Fairchild model 24. C-87 Liberator, Consolidated (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW4) The C-87 was a {B-24} bomber with the guns removed, that proved useful as a long-range transport. About 280 were built. Type: C-87 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 880kW P&W R-1830-43 Wing Span: 33.53m Length: 20.22m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 492km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: 4670km Freight: 3990kg, 25 seats. C-89 Metalplane, Hamilton (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1) The Hamilton Metalplane was an all-metal light transport aircraft, of strut-braced high-wing configuration with corrugated skinning. In 1942--1943 the USAAF used a single VC-89 as a VIP transport. Total production of the Metalplane was 29. C-93 Conestoga, Budd (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2) USAF designation of the {RB}. C-96, Fairchild (I-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) The UC-96 was the Fairchild model 71. Type: 71 Function: utility Year: 1928 Crew: Engines: 1 * 305kW P&W R-1340-1 Freight: seven seats. C-97 Stratofreighter, Boeing (P-USA-A-C|K|U|E-LN-N-ARW4|ARw4&JU2) Boeing model 367, the military version of the civil 377 Stratocruiser. It combined the {B-29} wing with a new, double-bulge fuselage of large capacity, and was very versatile. It was built as C-97 transport, KC-97 Stratotanker, MC-97 ambulance aircraft, VC-97 airborne command post, EC-97 electronic warfare aircraft and HC-97 SAR aircraft. The later KC-97L could be fitted with two additional jet engines under the outboard wing panels, replacing external fuel tanks. 888 military C-97s were built. Type: KC-97G Function: transport / tanker Year: 1953 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 2570kW P&W R-436-59B Speed: 595km/h Ceiling: 9144m Range: 6920m Freight: 56750l fuel. C-98, Boeing (I-USA-AF-C-HN-N-ARW4) Boeing model 314 Clipper transatlantic flying boat. During WWII they were operated for the USN, by PanAm crews. The aircraft of the British BOAC also continued to operate. Type: 314 Function: transport Year: 1938 Crew: 10 Engines: 4 * 1100 kW Wright R-2600 Wing Span: 46.33m Length: 32.31m Height: 8.41m Wing Area: 266.34m Empty Weight: 22801kg Max.Weight: 37421kg Speed: 311km/h Ceiling: 4080m Range: 5630km Freight: 74 seats C-99, Convair (P-USA-A-C-?N-N-ARPW4) The only XC-99 built was a large transport developed from the {B-36}. The XC-99 proved too large for its customer. It was able to carry 400 men in a two-deck fuselage. The single XC-99 built remained in service until 1957. Type: XC-99 Function: transport Year: 1947 Crew: Engines: 6 * 2205kW P&W R-4360-41 Speed: 485km/h Ceiling: Range: 13030km Freight: 45813kg, or up to 400 seats. C-100, Handley Page (P-GB-A-C-LN-N-TW2) Handley Page HP-137 Mk.3M, a version of the British commuter aircraft. Cancelled. Type: C-100A Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * Garett TPE 331 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Freight: C-101, Lockheed (I-USA-A-CU-HN-N-AR1) UC-101 was another military designation for a version of the Lockheed Vega high-wing transport, made famous by long-distance flights in the pre-war years. Type: UC-101 Function: transport / utility Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-1340 Speed: 306km/h Ceiling: 5790m Range: Freight: 6 seats C-104, Lockheed (?-USA-A-C-?-?-?2) Twin-engined freighter. Not built. C-105, Boeing (I-USA-A-C-MN-N-ILW4) The large X{B-15} bomber was underpowered. The prototype was rebuilt as the XC-105 transport. One built. Type: XC-105 Function: transport Year: 1943 Crew: Engines: 4 * 740kW P&W R-1830-11 Speed: 305km/h Ceiling: Range: Freight: C-108, Boeing (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4) The XC-108 was a VIP transport variation on the {B-17}F. A luxe interior was installed and some armament retained. C-109, Consolidated (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW4) The C-109 was a fuel carrier version of the {B-24}. It carried fuel over the 'Hump' to China for the {B-29} force. The C-109 versions carried 2900 gallon in the nose, above and in the bomb-bay. C-110, Douglas (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2) The high-wing DC-5 was the least successful of the DC series. See {R3D}. C-111, Lockheed (S-USA-A-PB-LN-N-ARW2) Lockheed 14N Super Electra. Former civilian aircraft impressed by the USAAF. C-112, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4) Military protype of the DC-6, essentially a larger and pressurized DC-4. See also {C-118}. C-113, Curtiss (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-AR1|JW1) Yet one more variation on the {C-46}. Also known as XC-46C. The C-113 had one R-2800-34ZW radial and one G.E. TG-100 jet engine, in the left and right engine nacelle, respectively. C-114, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ILW4) Version of the {C-54} (DC-4) with Allison V-1710 engines. One built. C-115, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4) A DC-4 / {C-54} version. C-116, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ILW4) A DC-4 / {C-54} version, powered by Allison V-1710 engines. Used for de-icing experiments. C-117, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) A DC-3 development with 1200hp P&W R-1830-90C engines, a "commercial" 21-seat interior, and {C-47} wings and improvements. It was intended as a staff transport, mainly for VIPs. Many went to the airlines. C-118 Liftmaster, Douglas (P-USA-A-C|U-LN-N-ARW4) This was the DC-6, originally also named {R6D} in USN service. The USAF inventory included the VC-118 'Independence', the presidential aircraft. Type: DC-6B Function: transport Year: 1947 Crew: 3 Engines: 4 * 1865kW P&W R-2800-CB17 Wing Span: 35.81m Length: 32.18m Height: 8.74m Wing Area: 135.91m2 Empty Weight: 25110kg Max.Weight: 48534kg Speed: 576km/h Ceiling: 7620m Range: 7600km Freight: 74 seats, 12260kg C-119 Flying Boxcar, Fairchild (S-USA-A-C|A-HN-T-ARW2|ARW2&JU2) A widely used twin-boom transport, a more powerful development of the {C-82}, powered by the R-3350 or R-4360 radials. Used in Vietnam by the French and US forces. The C-119 was a capable aircraft, but complicated to operate and hard to fly on one engine. For airdrops, the rear loading doors were often removed. There was also an AC-119G gunship version. Type: C-119C Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 2610kW P&W R-4360-20 Wing Span: 33.30m Length: 26.30m Height: 8.00m Wing Area: 134.4m2 Empty Weight: 18053kg Max.Weight: Speed: 452km/h Ceiling: 7284m Range: 2848km Load: Type: C-119G Function: transport Year: Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 2610kW Wright R-3350-85 Wing Span: 33.30m Length: 26.30m Height: 8.00m Wing Area: 143.43m2 Empty Weight: 18136kg Max.Weight: 33747kg Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: 6460m Range: 3670km Freight: 13608km or 62 seats C-120 Pack-Plane, Fairchild (S-USA-A-C|A-HN-T-ARW2) The XC-120 looked a lot like the {C-119}, but the freight was in a streamlined 82.12 cubic metres pod, attached to the flat underside of the fuselage. One built. Type: XC-120 Function: transport Year: 1950 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 2390kW P&W R-4360 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Freight: C-121, Lockheed (P-USA-A-C|E-LN-N-ARW4) The Lockheed L-749 Constellation or L-1049 Super Constellation, in its basic form used as a VIP transport, and in a lot of variations as electronic warfare aircraft. (The older model L-49 of the Constellation was known as {C-69} in military service.) The C-121 became best known as radar aircraft in the EC-121 'Warning Star' form, an AEW development of the C-121 Constellation with large radar bulges above and below the fuselage. The C-121J was an airborne television studio and transmitter, used during the war in Vietnam. Type: L-749 Function: transport Year: 1944 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 1840kW Wright GR-3350-BD1 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 560km/h Ceiling: 7620m Range: 4000km Freight: 44 to 81 seats Type: L-1049G Function: transport Year: 1954 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * Wright R-3350-DA3 Wing Span: 38.47m Length: 35.42m Height: 7.54m Wing Area: 153.66m2 Empty Weight: 36152kg Max.Weight: 65772kg Speed: 570km/h Ceiling: Range: 8200km Load: 95 seats C-122 Avitruc, Chase (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2) Experimental transport. The YC-122 was developed from the C{G-18} glider transport. Eleven built. One airframe was later rebuilt into the {X-18} VTOL. Type: YC-122A Function: transport Year: 1948 Crew: Engines: 2 * R-2000-11 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Freight: 30 troops C-123 Provider, Fairchild (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2|ARW2&JU2) Originally designed by Chase, and based on the XC{G-20} transport glider, in the same way the {C-122} was derived from the C{G-18}. The C-123 had the typical design of military transports, with an upswept tail and loading ramps. 308 were built, of which 302 by Fairchild. A version with four J47 jet engines did not enter production, but later C-123s had auxiliary J44 or J85 jet engines. The NC-123 was a bomber version. Type: C-123B Function: transport Year: 1955 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1715kW P&W R-2800-99W Wing Span: 33.53m Length: 23.09m Height: 10.39m Wing Area: 113.62m2 Empty Weight: 13562kg Max.Weight: 27216kg Speed: 394km/h Ceiling: 7015m Range: 2366km Freight: 60 seats C-124 Globemaster II, Douglas (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4) The C-124 was a development of the {C-74} with a new, much larger, two-deck fuselage. 446 were built. The C-124 was capable of transporting most vehicles of the US Army, and even very bulky loads, such as ballistic missiles. Freight was loaded by its large nose doors. Type: C-124C Function: transport Year: 1950 Crew: 8 Engines: 4 * 2800kW P&W R-4360-63A Wing Span: 53.07m Length: 39.75m Height: 14.72m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 45888kg Max.Weight: 88224kg Speed: 489km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 1930km Freight: 31070kg or 200 seats C-125 Raider, Northrop (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2&AR1) Development of the Northrop model N-23 commercial aircraft. The C-125 was far more powerful than the N-23. It was a shoulder-wing aircraft with fixed landing gear, and three engines. For the USAF 23 were built: 13 YC-125A tactical transports, and 10 YC-125B Arctic rescue aircraft. Their operational career was short. Type: YC-125A Function: transport Year: 1950 Crew: 2 Engines: 3 * 895kW Wright R-1820-99 Wing Span: 26.38m Length: 20.45m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 18552kg Speed: 333km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: 32 seats, 5443kg C-126, Cessna (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) Cessna 195. The LC-126 was a special variant intended for Arctic rescue work, with interchangeable wheels, floats or skis landing gear. Type: LC-126 Function: utility Year: 1954 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 275hp Jacobs R-755B-2 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 2 or 3 seats. C-127, Boeing (P-USA-A-C-?-?-?) Not built. C-128, Fairchild (S-USA-A-C|A-HN-T-?2) A variation on the {C-119} theme. C-129, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) This is a DC-3F, 'Super DC-3', with 1475hp Wright R-1820 engines, a new tail, and a longer fuselage. C-130 Hercules, Lockheed (M-USA-A-C|K|E-HN-N-TW4) The omnipresent post-war transport, a large succes. The C-130 has all the characteristics that have become the standard for military STOL-transports: A high-set wing, turboprop engines, an upswept tail with a loading ramp, multi-wheeled landing gear... Besides its role as a transport, it has been the platform for a lot of different missions: AC-130 Spectre ground support aircraft loaded with guns; EC-130 jamming aircraft, HC-130 aerial recovery aircraft; MC-130 aircraft for 'special' operations, including airdropping, psy-war, and recce; DC-130 drone control aircraft; the JC-130 for the recovery of space capsules; the EC-130V AEW aircraft, operated on a small scale by the USCG; the WC-130 weather reconnaissance aircraft; and many more. The first C-130 was delivered to the USAF in 1955 and production still continues. Latest version is the C-130J, intended to replace older models at the turn of the century, which was rolled out at the end of 1995. The first ones were delivered to the USAF in March 1999. Type: C-130H Year: Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 3600kW Allison T56-A-15 Wing Span: 40.41m Length: 29.79m Height: 11.66m Wing Area: 162.11m2 Empty Weight: 34356kg Max.Weight: 79379kg Speed: 621km/h Ceiling: 10670m Range: 8800km Load: 19355g Type: C-130J-30 Function: transport Year: 1998 Crew: Engines: 4 * Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 35960kg Max.Weight: 79379kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: 10185km Load: 17261kg C-131 Samaritan, Convair (P-USA-A-C|U|E-LN-N-ARW2) The Convair 240 and 340 were built as attempted DC-3 successors. They enjoyed reasonable succes. The C-131 was a military version, of which the USAF bought 472. Most were equipped as transports, some as ambulance aircraft. The TC-131E and RC-131F/G were electronic warfare training aircraft. The NC-131 is a 'variable stability' testbed with a large radar nose and wing-mounted control surfaces. Type: C-131B Function: transport Year: Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1865hp P&W R-2800-99W Wing Span: 32.11m Length: 24.13m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 21320kg Speed: 470km/h Ceiling: Range: 725km Freight: 48 seats, C-132 Globemaster III, Douglas (P-USA-A-C-?-?-?) Remained a project. The 15000hp P&W T57 turboprop was cancelled in 1957, and the C-132 disappeared together with it. C-133 Cargomaster, Douglas (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-TW4) Some 34 of these large transport aircraft were delivered. They were large high-wing, turboprop-engined aircraft. They were useful during the Vietnam war, but retired in 1971 because of fatigue. Type: C-133B Function: transport Year: 1957 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 5593kW P&W T34-P-9W Wing Span: 54.77m Length: 48.02m Height: 14.71m Wing Area: 248.32m2 Empty Weight: 54550kg Max.Weight: 129727kg Speed: 578km/h Ceiling: 9130m Range: 7010km Freight: 40824kg or 200 seats C-134 Pantobase, Stroukoff (P-USA-A-C-?-?-?) C-135, Boeing (M-USA-A-C|K|E|R-LS-N-JU4) A close relative of the 707, but smaller, known to the manufacturer as type 717. For many years this was the standard USAF tanker aircraft. The J57 engine was later replaced by the TF33, and finally by the high-bypass CFM F108 engine installed in the KC-135R. There was also a long series of RC-135 ELINT, SIGINT or TELINT aircraft loaded with electronics, often recognized by bulged dielectric housings and aerials. They flew more or less secret missions under codenames such as Combat Apple, Rivet Joint, or Combat Sent. The EC-135 was used as airborne command post, but there were also several other versions, including the ARIA modified to track spacecraft. Type: KC-135A Year: 1956 Crew: Engines: 4 * 6238kg P&W J57-59W Wing Span: 39.88m Length: 41.53m Height: 12.70m Wing Area: 226.03m2 Empty Weight: 48220kg Max.Weight: 14335kg Speed: 966km/h Ceiling: 12200m Range: 6440km Freight: 118200l fuel. 80 seats. Type: RC-135V Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 4+? Engines: 4 * 8165kg P&W TF33-9 Wing Span: 39.88m Length: 42.82m Height: 12.70m Wing Area: 226.03m2 Empty Weight: 46403kg Max.Weight: 135624kg Speed: 966km/h Ceiling: 12735m Range: 9100km C-136 Reserved for the USN, cancelled. C-137, Boeing (P-USA-A-C|K|U|E-LN-N-ARW4|ARw4&JU2) Applied for some time to the YC-97J. C-137, Boeing (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU4) Military 707, used as VIP transport. The VC-137C was the presidential transport. The EC-137 became the E-3 Sentry. The basic aircraft was a 707-320C. Type: 707-320C Year: 1963 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 8100kg P&W JT3D-3B Speed: 1010km/h Ceiling: 11750m Range: 12030km Freight: 38101kg, 215 seats C-138 Reserved for the USN, cancelled. C-140 Jetstar, Lockheed (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF4) Military version of the Lockheed 1329 biz-jet. This aircraft was actually designed for the USAF, but this service did not buy as many as expected. Type: JetStar II Year: 1963 Crew: 2 Engines: 4 * 1360kg Garrett TFE731-3 Wing Span: 6.59m Length: 18.41m Height: 6.22m Wing Area: 50.40m2 Empty Weight: 11294kg Max.Weight: 20185kg Speed: 880km/h Ceiling: 13105m Range: 4820km Load: C-141 Starlifter, Lockheed (P-USA-A-C-HS-N-JU4) The big, high-wing Starlifter jet transport provided the USAF with the capacity of carrying heavy loads fast over long distances. About 285 were built. Later they were rebuilt in 'stretched' C-141B form, because the cabin volume of the C-141A was too small relative to its weightlifting capacity. The C-141B also introduced an air refuelling receptacle. Currently the aircraft are being converted to C-141C configuration with new avionics. Type: C-141B Function: transport Year: 1964 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 9530kg P&W TF-33-P-7 Wing Span: 48.74m Length: 51.29m Height: 11.96m Wing Area: 299.88m2 Empty Weight: 36900kg Max.Weight: 155583kg Speed: 917km/h Ceiling: 13700m Range: 10280km Freight: 41200kg or 166 seats. C-142, LTV-Hiller-Ryan (P-USA-AV-C-HN-N-TW4) The XC-142A was a tilt-wing VTOL transport. Based on experience acquired with the {X-18}. The XC-142A had five propellers: Four on the wing with the engines, and one at the tail for stabilisation. Like the {V-22}, it atracted interest by the three branches of the US military. But it never entered production. Five built. Type: XC-142A Function: VTOL transport Year: 1964 Crew: 2 Engines: 4 * 2125kW G.E. T64-GE-1 Wing Span: 20.57m Length: 17.71m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 16998kg Speed: 691km/h at 6100m Ceiling: Range: 1110km Freight: 5443kg, or 32 seats. 3630kg for VTOL operations C-880, Convair (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU4) The Convair 880 and 990 were unsuccesful competitors of the 707 and DC-8. One was used by the USN as UC-880 tanker aircraft. Type: 880 Function: tanker / transport Year: 1959 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 5080kg G.E. CJ805-3 Speed: 990km/h Ceiling: 12600m Range: Freight: 84 - 110 seats CH-1, Cessna (P-USA-H-U-R?-N-?1) See {H-41}. CO-2, Cox-Klemin (I-USA-A-R-?-?-?) Type: CO-2 Task: observation Year: Crew: Engines: Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: CO-4, Fokker (I-NL-A-R-B-N-IL1) Reconaissance biplane, the Fokker {C.IV}. Fokker built 139 of this aircraft, for five countries. The USAAC ordered three. Type: C.IV Function: reconaissance Year: 1923 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 336kW Napier Lion Wing Span: 12.90m Length: 9.20m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 39.20m2 Empty Weight: 1450kg Max.Weight: 2270kg Speed: 214km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 1200km Armament: 3-4*mg7.7mm CO-5, Engineering Divison (I-USA-A-R-B-N-?1) Modified TP-1. Type: CO-5 Task: observation Year: Crew: Engines: Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: CO-6, Engineering Division (I-USA-A-R-?-?-?) Observation aircraft. CO-7, Boeing (I-USA-A-R-?-?-?) Observation aircraft. 1925. Three built. CO-8, Atlantic (I-USA-A-R-?-?-?) Observation aircraft. COA-1, Loening (I-USA-AS-R-B-N-AR1|IL1) Renamed {OA-1}. CR, Curtiss (I-USA-A-*-B-N-IL1) Racing aircraft. The CR-1 won the Pulitzer trophy of 1921. The CR-3 won the Schneider Trophy of 1923 with an average speed of 285km/h. The CR-1 and -2 were landplanes, the CR-3 was put on floats. Type: CR-3 Task: racing Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Curtiss D-12 Max. Speed: 312km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: CS, Curtiss (I-USA-A|AS-A-B-N-Il1) Torpedo bomber biplane, later renamed {SC}. See there. CSO, Waco (I-USA-A-T-B-N-?) Biplane trainer. CSO-A, Waco (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1) Fighter version of a CSO two-seat biplane trainer. The CSO-A was intended for South-American countries, which had already bought the CSO. The forward cockpit was faired over. Brazil acquired 11, including the prototype, but they were of little use because no suitable ammunition was available. Later they were converted back to trainers. Type: CSO-A Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 250hp Wright R-760E Wing Span: 9.32m Length: 6.85m Height: 2.79m Wing Area: 26.75m2 Empty Weight: 738kg Max.Weight: 1179kg Speed: 209km/h Ceiling: Range: 868km Armament: 2*mg7mm CTO, Waco (I-USA-A-T-B-N-?) Biplane trainer. CTO-A, Waco (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) This was another light biplane fighter, developed from a two-seat trainer. One built. Type: CTO-A Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 250hp Wright R-760E Wing Span: 9.27m Length: 6.85m Height: 2.74m Wing Area: 21.08m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 222km/h Ceiling: Range: 5.66hrs Armament: 2*mg7.62mm CT, Curtiss (I-USA-AS-A-B-T-IL?2) Twin-engined, twin-boom monoplane on floats. Was designed as a torpedo aircraft, but proved unable to lift a torpedo... Type: CT Task: torpedo bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 400hp Curtiss CD-12 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: CW-19, Curtiss (I-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Trainer, a low-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear. It was originally designed a sports aircraft, but was considered unsuitable, and redesigned as a trainer. Only a few were built, for export to various South-American countries. It had the reputation of being difficult to fly. Type: CW-19R Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Wright R-975E3 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4-2*mg7.62mm CW-21 Demon, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) This was a light single-seat fighter monoplane built by Curtiss. The tiny aft fuselage of the CW-21 seemed to be a mismatch for the large radial engine up front. The structure was all-metal, stressed-skin, and too light to survive combat damage. It had no armour and only weak armament. The CW-21 had rearwards-retracting, the CW-21B rearwards-retracting undercarriage legs. The CW-21 was not adopted by the USAAC. Exported aircraft were deficient in combat against the Japanese. Plans to build it in China were abandoned when the Japanese captured the intended factories. Type: CW-21B Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1000hp Wright R-1820-G5 Cyclone Wing Span: 10.67m Length: 8.28m Height: 2.64m Wing Area: 16.20m2 Empty Weight: 1534kg Max.Weight: 2041kg Speed: 536km/h Ceiling: Range: 1014km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm --D--------------------------------------------------------------------------- D, Curtiss-Orenco (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Biplane fighter, the first US fighter to reach production. The type was developed by Orenco, but production aircraft were built by Curtiss. The engine was a US derivative of the French Hispano-Suiza. 54 built. Type: D Year: 1921 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 330hp Wright-Hispano H Wing Span: 10.05m Length: 6.54m Height: 2.54m Wing Area: 25.36m2 Empty Weight: 865kg Max.Weight: 1279kg Speed: 224km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.62mm D.XII, Fokker (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Biplane fighter, designed by Fokker for the American USAAS. It was a sesquiplane of mixed construction. Flight characteristics were unsatisfactory, even after redesign of the upper wing. Three built. Type: D.XII Country: The Netherlands Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 440hp Curtiss V-1150 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 6.74m Height: 2.77m Wing Area: 21.83m2 Empty Weight: 998kg Max.Weight: 1400kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: 1100km Armament: DT, Douglas (I-USA-AS|A-A-B-N-IL1) Torpedo bomber. The DT was an ugly, angular biplane, but could lift a 832kg torpedo. One single-seat DT-1 and 86 two-seat DT-2s were built. They usually operated on floats. Type: DT-1 Year: 1921 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 336kW Liberty Wing Span: 15.24m Length: 10.41m Height: 4.14m Wing Area: 65.68m2 Empty Weight: 1695kg Max.Weight: 2949kg Speed: 163km/h Ceiling: 2375m Range: 472km Armament: 832kg DWC World Cruiser, Douglas (I-USA-AS|A-*-B-N-IL1) The DWC did exactly what its name indicated. Two out of four completed the 175 days, 44800km flight. It was a development of the {DT}-2 torpedo aircraft. Type: DWC Function: long-range experimental Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 420hp Liberty Speed: 166km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 3550km Armament: --E--------------------------------------------------------------------------- E, Curtiss (?-USA-A-R-B-?-?) Curtiss observation biplane. E-1, Standard (F-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1) Fighter biplane, only used as a trainer during WWI. Over 100 were built. After WWI three were converted to unmanned 'aerial torpedoes'. Type: E-1 Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone Max. Speed: 161km/h Ceiling: 14800ft Max. Range: Armament: E-1 Tracer, Grumman (P-USA-AC-E-HN-N-ARW2) AEW version of the {S-2} Tracker, with a streamlined pancake radome on its back. The E-1 had triple tail fins; the center fin was cut short and connected to the radome. Type: E-1B Task: carrier-borne AEW Year: 1954 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1120kW Wright R-1820-82WA Max. Speed: 426km/h Ceiling: 6700m Max. Range: 1850km Armament: none E-2 Hawkeye, Grumman (M-USA-AC-E-HN-N-TW2) Carrier-borne AEW aircraft. The TE-2C is a trainer version. The E-2 is a twin-turboprop aircraft with four tailfins, three of which include rudders --- the starboard inboard fin is the one without. It would pleasant to the eye, if it did not have a large saucer radome on its back. The E-2A and E-2B were technically rather unreliable; the much improved E-2C with its modern electronics can direct up to 36 fighters at a single time. It proved very effective in Vietnam and the Middle-East. The radar is continuously upgraded, the current version being the AN/APS-145. New engines have also been introduced, the more powerful and efficient T56-A-427. Delivery still continues, and the E-2 will be around well into the 21th century. The E-2 has been sold to Israel, Japan, Singapore, Egypt and Taiwan; Thailand and France have ordered some. Type: E-2C Task: carrier-borne AEW Year: 1972 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 3661kW Allison T56-A-425 Wing Span: 24.56m Length: 17.54m Height: 5.58m Wing Area: 65.03m2 Empty Weight: 17211kg Max.Weight: 23503kg Max. Speed: 602km/h Ceiling: 9390m Max. Range: 2585km Armament: none E-3 Sentry, Boeing (M-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4) The AWACS version of the Boeing 707, with a large rotating "saucer" radome on its back. The radome contains a search radar and an IFF system. The radar in the dish --- with a cross-section of 9.14m, and rotating at 6rpm --- has a search range of 370km for low-flying aircraft, and much more for high-flying aircraft. The E-3s also have turbofan engines instead of the original turbojets of the 707. Models include E-3A, E-3B, and E-3C. These aircraft were essential to coordinate coalition efforts during the Gulf War. Type: E-3A Task: AWACS Year: 1977 Crew: 17 Engines: 4 * 9500kg P&W TF33-PW-100A Wing Span: 44.42m Length: 46.61m Height: 12.60m Wing Area: 283.35m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 147418kg Max. Speed: 853km/h Ceiling: 8840m Range: Armament: E-4, Boeing (M-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4) Developed from the 747. Flying command center for the USA, supposed to survive when command centers on the ground are wiped out. Type: E-4A Task: airborne command center Year: 1973 Crew: 28 Engines: 4 * 23800kg G.E. F103-GE-100 Max. Speed: 978km/h Ceiling: 13715m Max. Range: 10460km Armament: none E-5 Eagle, Windecker (M-USA-A-X-?N-N-?) A light, composite aircraft, based on the commercial Windecker Eagle. The E-5 was used to investigate it Stealth characteristics. Shielding the remainging metal parts was a problem, and the technology of composite construction was not yet advanced enough for the design of combat aircraft. One YE-5A was built. E-6 Mercury, Boeing (M-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4) The E-6 TACAMO aircraft carries equipment to provide communications between the US command and the USN's nuclear submarines. The fuselage is almost identical to that of the {E-3} or 707, but the E-6 carries VLF radios with trailing wire anntennas, a 8530m long vertical antenna and a 1520m long horizontal antenna. In 1997 the E-6B appeared, with a direct control link to missiles aboard submarines, aircraft, and silos. Type: E-6A Task: Communications Year: 1989 Crew: 9-18 Engines: 4 * 10900kg CFM56-2A2 Wing Span: 45.16m Length: 46.61m Height: 12.93m Wing Area: 283.4m2 Empty Weight: 78378kg Max.Weight: 155128kg Max. Speed: 981km/h Ceiling: 12800m Max. Range: 11760km E-8 J-STARS, Northrop Grumman (M-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4) This is yet another military version of the Boeing 707. The E-8 carries a synthetic aperture radar, in a large gondola under the fuselage, to detect enemy ground forces at long distance and then direct the attack on them. Originally it was named E{C-18}. Prototypes participated in the second Gulf War, but the first (E-8C) production aircraft were delivered in 1996. Type: E-8 Task: reconaissance Year: 1988 Crew: Engines: 4 * Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: E-9, de Havilland Canada (M-CANADA-A-E-HN-N-TW4) A EW development of the Dash 8 airliner. A large side-looking radar is fitted to the starboard side of the fuselage, and a surveillance radar in a ventral radome. The two E-9As are employed to track missile and aircraft tests. E-767, Boeing (M-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4) This is an AWACS development for Japan of the Boeing 767-27C. The Boeing 707 airframe, which was the basis for the {E-3}, was no longer in production; so the 767 was used. EA, Boeing (?-USA-A-T-B-?-?) Biplane trainer. The two EA's were the 6th and 7th aircraft built by Boeing. EM, Elias (I-USA-A|AS-F-B-N-IL1) The EM was a biplane multi-role aircraft, expected to act as two-seat fighter, light bomber and observation aircraft. Six were ordered by the USMC and five by the USN. They were flown with wheeled and several types of float undercarriages. Ten built. Type: EM-2 Function: fighter / bomber / reconaissance Year: 1922 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty Wing Span: 12.09m Length: 8.68m Height: 3.28m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1776kg Speed: 178km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: EO, Elias (I-USA-A|AS-R-B-N-IL1) One of the {EM}s delivered to the US Navy was used as observation aircraft and named EO-1. ER-2, Lockheed (M-USA-A-R|E-MN-N-J1) ER for 'earth resources'. This designation was given to {U-2} aircraft serving with NASA. Two aircraft. EX, Boeing (M-USA-A-E-*-N-T2) Design study for a new AEW aircraft, to replace the {E-2} Hawkeye. The EX has a diamond shaped wing: a backswept, dihedralled wing with its root at the front fuselage and an anhedralled, forward swept wing with its roots at the tailfin join at the tips. The radar would be a phased-array system, installed along the wing span to give 360 degrees coverage. Crew of four, powered by two 41.3kN TF34-GE-400 engines, and with a 1260kW T700-GE-401 as APU for the radar. Design revealed in 1992. --F--------------------------------------------------------------------------- F-1 Fury, North American (P-USA-AC-AF-LS-N-J1) Former {FJ} Fury. F-2 Banshee, McDonnell (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2) Former {F2H}. F-2, Beech (S-USA-A-R-LN-N-ARW2) Reconaissance version of the Beech 18, also known as the U{C-45} transport and {AT-11} trainer in USAAF service. The F-2 was the first model ordered by the USAAF. F2A Buffalo, Brewster (S-USA-AC-F-MN-N-AR1) The F2A was the first monoplane carrier fighter of the USN, designed in response to a requirement issued in 1935. The F2A had a small barrel-shaped fuselage, small wings, retractable narrow-track landing gear and an enclosed cockpit. The undercarriage was insufficiently strong for carrier operations. The F2A was originally preferred by the USN over the Grumman F4F-2 Wildcat, later to gain fame in much redesigned form. It entered service in 1939, but already in 1941 it was being replaced by the {F4F}, and the only US unit to use it in combat was an USMC squadron defending Midway. The F2A was not a bad aircraft, but a poor basis for further development. It was also totally outclassed by the Mitshubishi {A6M} Reisen "Zero" and proved a disaster in combat. Export versions had a more succes, notably in Finland. The RAF named it 'Buffalo'. Type: F2A-3 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 895kW Wright R-1820-40 Wing Span: 10.67m Length: 8.03m Height: 3.86m Wing Area: 19.41m2 Empty Weight: 2146kg Max.Weight: 3247kg Max. Speed: 517km/h Ceiling: 10120m Max. Range: 1550km Armament: 4*mg12.7mm 2*b45kg F2B, Boeing (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Biplane carrier fighter, of mixed construction and powered by a radial engine. 35 were built. Type: F2B-1 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 310kW P&W Wasp Wing Span: 9.17m Length: 6.98m Height: 2.81m Wing Area: 22.57m Empty Weight: 902kg Max.Weight: 1272kg Max. Speed: 254km/h Ceiling: 6400m Max. Range: 577km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm F2C, Curtiss (I-USA-A|AS-*-B-N-IL1) Designation assigned to the {R2C} racing aircraft. F2D Banshee, McDonnell (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2) Later renamed {F2H}. F2F, Grumman (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) This small barrel-shaped biplane owed much of its design to the {FF}. It was smaller and a single-seater, but the forward fuselage remained bulky, providing room for the undercarriage. Performance was excellent and the USN ordered 55 F2Fs, for that time a very large order. Some 219 were built of the F2F and {F3F} together. Type: F2F-1 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 515kW P&W R-1535-72 Wing Span: 8.69m Length: 6.53m Height: 2.77m Wing Area: 21.37m2 Empty Weight: 1221kg Max.Weight: 1745kg Max. Speed: 371km/h Ceiling: 8250m Max. Range: 1585km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm F2G, Eberhart (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) The XF2G-1 was a modification of the {FG}, having a float undercarriage with a single central float instead of the cross-axle wheeled landing gear of the XFG-1. Development was abandoned after the destruction of the prototype. Type: XF2G-1 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400hp P&W R-1340-D Wing Span: 9.75m Length: 8.02m Height: 2.99m Wing Area: 22.41m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1425kg Speed: 253km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: F2G, Goodyear (S-USA-A|AC-F-LN-N-AR1) High-powered development of the Vought {F4U} Corsair intended to counter Kamikaze-attacks. Goodyear was a major produced of the F4U, under the designation of {FG}. Apart from the new and 50% more powerful engine, the F2G had a bubble canopy, a larger tail, and more fuel. At the end of the war, production orders for over 400 aircraft, most for the USMC, were cancelled. Only 18 built, of which five were F2G-1s with fixed wings and five F2G-2s with folding wings. Performance was not considered sufficiently better than that of the F4U to warrant continuation of the production; and handling had suffered. Type: F2G-2 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2685kW P&W R-4360-4 Wing Span: 12.50m Length: 10.29m Height: 4.90m Wing Area: 29.17m2 Empty Weight: 4649kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 694km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 6*mg12.7mm F2H Banshee, McDonnell (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2) The F2H was an enlarged development of the {FH} Phantom. Like the FH it was a straightforward twin-engined, straight-wing carrier jet fighter. Performance was not very impressive, but if it lacked glamour, it also lacked vices, and the good handling qualities made the F2H popular with its pilots. The F2H-3 was a long-range all-weather development. The Banshee was used as fighter-bomber and reconaissance aircraft in Korea. 892 built. Type: F2H-3 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1480kg Westinghouse J34-WE-34 Wing Span: 12.73m Length: 14.68m Height: 4.42m Wing Area: 27.31m2 Empty Weight: 5980kg Max.Weight: 11437kg Max. Speed: 933km/h Ceiling: 14200m Max. Range: 1880km Armament: 4*g20mm 454kg F2J, Berliner-Joyce (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-IL1|AR1) Naval version of the {P-16}, powered by a Wright radial engine instead of the liquid-cooled Curtiss Conqueror of the P-16. It had the misfortune of competing with the Grumman {FF}. One built. Type: XF2J-1 Task: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 625hp P&W R-1510-92 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 8.78m Height: Wing Area: 28.19m2 Empty Weight: 1456kg Max.Weight: 2059kg Max. Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 840kg Armament: F2L, Bell (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) Some sources indicate that this was a variation on the {P-39}Q Airacobra used by the USN as target aircraft, designated F2L-1K. Others that it was a the {P-59} Airacomet tested by the USN. Probably it was both, and the confusion was created deliberately, for secrecy. F2M, General Motors (S-USA-AS-F-MN-N-AR1) Proposed development of the {FM}, with a turbosupercharged Wright R-1820 engine. Not built. F2R Dark Shark, Ryan (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-T1&J1) This was a development of the {FR} Fireball with a turboprop engine in the nose instead of the R-1820 radial. One was built, a conversion from an FR-1. Type: XF2R-1 Function: fighter Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 726kg General Electric J31-GE-3 1 * General Electric XT31-GE-2 Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 10.97m Height: 4.27m Wing Area: 28.33m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 4990kg Max. Speed: 800km/h Ceiling: 11920m Max. Range: Armament: F2T Black Widow, Northrop (S-USA-A-F-MN-T-ARW2) The USN acquired 12 {P-61}s as land-based night fighters, and these were given the designation F2T. However, they did only enter service after WWII, and only as trainers, because the USN preferred the carrier-capable {F7F} as nighfighter. F2U, Vought (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Two-seat fleet-defence fighter, a biplane of mixed construction. The F2U arrived too late, the competing {F8C} was already in production. One built. Type: XF2U-1 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Pratt & Whitney R-1340C Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 8.23m Height: 3.05m Wing Area: 29.59m2 Empty Weight: 1148kg Max.Weight: Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: Range: 797km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm F2Y Sea Dart, Convair (P-USA-AF-F-MD-N-J2) The F2Y was unique: A supersonic flying boat fighter! It had a delta wing, waterski landing gear and a boat-shaped fuselage. The engines were recessed in the top of the fuselage. The engines never reached their expected power, and there were problems with severe vibrations of the skis. As could have been expected, the requirement for such an aircraft soon vaporized. Four were built. Type: XF2Y-1 Function: fighter Year: 1953 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * Westinghouse J34-WE-32 Wing Span: 10.26m Length: 16.03m Height: 6.32m Wing Area: 52.30m2 Empty Weight: 5793kg Max.Weight: 7497kg Max. Speed: 1328km/h Ceiling: 15300m Max. Range: Armament: 21500lb (never fitted) F-3 Demon, McDonnell (P-USA-AC-F-LS-N-J1) Former {F3H}, see there. F-3 Havoc, Douglas (S-USA-A-R-HN-N-ARW2) Reconaissance version of the {A-20} bomber. F3A Corsair, Brewster (S-USA-A|AC-F-LN-N-AR1) Vought {F4U} Corsair built by Brewster. The F3A-1 was similar to the F4U-1; 738 were built. The rest of the contract was cancelled by the USN, and production halted. Brewster was closed down. F3B, Boeing (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Biplane fighter, developed from {F2B}. The XF3B-1 was first intended as a floatplane fighter, but as such it was rejected by the USN. After a redesign 74 were ordered with wheeled landing gear. Type: F3B-1 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 315kW P&W Wasp R-1340-80 Wing Span: 10.06m Length: 7.57m Height: 2.79m Wing Area: 25.55m2 Empty Weight: 988kg Max.Weight: 1336kg Max. Speed: 253km/h Ceiling: 6570m Max. Range: 805km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm F3C, Curtiss (I-USA-A|AS-*-B-N-IL1) Designation assigned to the {R3C} racing aircraft. F3D Skynight, Douglas (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2) Large twin-engined, straight-wing night fighter. The F3D was a heavy aircraft, and the two J34 engines were too weak to give it more than mediocre performance. But it was pleasant to fly and well equipped. The F3D saw combat in Korea, and had a good combat record. Some were used as ECM aircraft until 1969. 268 built. Type: F3D-2 Function: fighter Year: 1950 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1542kg Westinghouse J34-WE-36 Wing Span: 15.24m Length: 13.97m Height: 4.88m Wing Area: 37.16m2 Empty Weight: 8237kg Max.Weight: 12179kg Max. Speed: 965km/h Ceiling: 12160m Max. Range: 1930km Armament: 4*g20mm F3F, Grumman (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Development of the {F2F} fighter biplane. The F3F was longer and had a more powerful engine. The F3F had good performance and very good handling. It was much liked by its pilots, but quickly neared obsolesence when monoplane fighters were introduced. Type: F3F-3 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 700kW Wright R-1820-22 Wing Span: 9.75m Length: 7.06m Height: 2.84m Wing Area: 24.15m2 Empty Weight: 1490kg Max.Weight: 2175kg Max. Speed: 425 km/h Ceiling: 10120m Max. Range: 1600km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm F3H Demon, McDonnell (P-USA-AC-F-LS-N-J1) The F3H swept-wing transsonic jet fighter was underpowered, but served a short period with the USN. The original F3H-1N was completely unairworthy because of its unreliable Westinghouse J40 engine. The F3H-2 was better, but arrived late and was soon retired. It had moderate wing sweep, and typical half-circular intakes. At the time the Demon was built the USN was switching to missile armament, and some carried early versions of the AIM-7 Sparrow and AIM-9 Sidewinder. 519 built. Type: F3H-2 Function: fighter Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4400kg Allison J71-A-2E Wing Span: 10.77m Length: 17.96m Height: 4.44m Wing Area: 48.22m2 Empty Weight: 10039kg Max.Weight: 15377kg Max. Speed: 1040km/h Ceiling: 13000m Max. Range: 2200km Armament: 4*g20mm F3J, Berliner-Joyce (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) One of the last biplane fighters developed for the USN. The F3J had an all-metal, semi-monococque construction and an enclosed cockpit. Wing outline was pseudo-elliptical, with a narrow centre-section. The F3J flew well but the USN preferred the Grumman {F2F}. Type: XF3J-1 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 625hp Wright R-1510-26 Wing Span: 8.84m Length: 6.98m Height: 3.28m Wing Area: 22.26m2 Empty Weight: 1233kg Max.Weight: 2000kg Speed: 336kg Ceiling: Range: 1157kg Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 2*b53kg F3M Bearcat, General Motors (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1) GM-built Grumman {F8F} Bearcat. F3U, Vought (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Two-seat fighter biplane, an all-metal biplane with a cosed cockpit. It did not enter production, because the USN lost interest in two- seat fighters. One built. Type: XF3U-1 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * P&W R-1535-64 Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 8.09m Height: 3.33m Wing Area: 27.37m2 Empty Weight: 1558kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 338km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 917km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm F3W Apache, Wright (I-USA-AS|AC-F-B-N-AR1) Single-seat biplane fighter. The F3W was to operate from battleships with a float undercarriage, and from carriers with a wheeled undercarriage. It was not ordered. The prototype ended its career as an engine testbed. Type: XF3W-1 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 315kW P&W R-1340B Wasp Wing Span: 8.33m Length: 6.73m Height: 2.59m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 641kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 261km/h Ceiling: 10180m Max. Range: Armament: F-4 Phantom II, McDonnell (P-USA-A-F|R|A-LS-N-J2) The big F-4 fighter-bomber was gradually evolved from the {F3H}, with which it had no more than a configurational similarity. Despite its size and bulky look, the F-4 had excellent performance and good manoeuvrability; it was adopted by both the USN and the USAF. Early F-4's had no fixed gun, but this was corrected after combat experience in Vietnam showed the need for one. Over 5000 were built, making the F-4 one of the most numerous modern combat aircraft. Many are still in service. Now and then, plans are announced to upgrade the F-4 with new engines and electronics. The RF-4 is a recce version of the F-4 fighter with a camera nose. Currently retired F-4s are being converted into QF-4 target drones, Type: F-4E Function: fighter Year: 1967 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 8120kg GE J79-GE-17A Wing Span: 11.71m Length: 19.20m Height: 5.03m Wing Area: 49.24m2 Empty Weight: 13397kg Max.Weight: 17964kg Max. Speed: 2410km/h Ceiling: 21600m Max. Range: 4180km Armament: 1*g20mm 1370kg 5888kg 4*AIM-7 F-4 Lightning, Lockheed (S-USA-A-R-N-T-IL2) Reconaissance version of the {P-38} fighter. F4B, Boeing (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Biplane fighter, the naval version of the {P-12}. The F4B/P-12 series is often considered to be the classical example of US interbellum biplane fighters. The F4B served nine years with the USN in four versions, and was also exported. Type: F4B-4 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400kW P&W R-1340-16 Wing Span: 9.14m Length: 6.12m Height: 2.84m Wing Area: 21.13m2 Empty Weight: 1068kg Max.Weight: 1638kg Max. Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 8200m Max. Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm F4C, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) All-metal development of the {TS-1} (also known as {FC}). The F4C was a small biplane fighter. Only two built. Type: F4C-1 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 200hp Wright J-3 Wing Span: 7.62m Length: 5.59m Height: 2.67m Wing Area: 17.19m2 Empty Weight: 466kg Max.Weight: 774kg Speed: 203km/h Ceiling: Range: 845km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm F4D Skyray, Douglas (P-USA-AC-F-MD-N-J1) Delta-winged jet fighter, based on German wartime research. The original Westinghouse J40 engine had to be abandoned because of continuing problems, and this delayed service entry. With the J57 engine, performance was entirely satisfactory. But the F4D was phased out rather quickly in favour of even more advanced designs, also because it was a too highly specialized interceptor. The F4D-2N became the {F5D}. 421 built. Type: F4D-1 Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7300kg P&W J57-P-8B Wing Span: 10.21m Length: 13.79m Height: 3.96m Wing Area: 51.75m2 Empty Weight: 7268kg Max.Weight: 12300kg Max. Speed: 1210km/h Ceiling: 16900m Max. Range: 1930km Armament: 4*g20mm 1814kg F4F, Grumman (S-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) The XF4F-1 was a biplane fighter design, a development of the {F3F}. It was cancelled in favour of the monoplane X{F4F}-2. F4F Wildcat, Grumman (S-USA-AC-F-MN-N-AR1) The Wildcat was the main shipboard fighter when the US entered WWII. The F4F was barrel-shaped, with angular wingtips and rudder and a narrow-track undercarriage. The Mitsubishi {A6M} outperformed it, but the F4F was well-armed and reliable, and was a natural shipboard aircraft, probably easier to land on a carrier deck than on land. It set the reputation of Grumman for building immensely strong aircraft. The F4F never had a operational speed limitation. Production continued to the end of the war, mainly for use on escort carriers; General Motors built it as the {FM}. 7815 were built. Type: F4F-4 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 880kW P&W R-1830-86 Wing Span: 11.58m Length: 8.76m Height: 2.81m Wing Area: 24.15m2 Empty Weight: 2612kg Max.Weight: 3607kg Max. Speed: 512km/h Ceiling: 10600m Max. Range: 2050km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b45kg F4H Phantom II, McDonnell (P-USA-A-F|R|A-LS-N-J2) Renamed {F-4}. F4U Corsair, Chance-Vought (S-USA-A|AC-F-LN-N-AR1) The F4U was one of the most successful fighters of WWII. It achieved a claimed 11.3 to 1 'kill ratio' in the Pacific. It was fast, but had some handling problems, and early versions tended to 'bounce' upon landing because of their stiff undercarriage. Therefore it was at first restricted to land-based marine units, and equipped all USMC fighter units in the Pacific in the second half of 1943. After some modifications, it was used also for shipboard operations, but continued to require careful handling. The vast majority of WWII F4U sorties (54470 out of 64051) were flown from land bases. The F4U had an inverted gull wing, a streamlined fuselage of circular cross-section and a big propeller. The cockpit was set well back, and the restricted view was a serious problem. 12571 were built, of which 4017 by Goodyear and 735 by Brewster as the {FG} and {F3A}, respectively. Type: F4U-1A Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1490kW P&W R-2800-8 Wing Span: 12.50m Length: 10.16m Height: 4.90m Wing Area: 29.17m2 Empty Weight: 4074kg Max.Weight: 6350kg Max. Speed: 671km/h Ceiling: 11245m Max. Range: 1640km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm Type: F4U-4 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2350hp P&W R-2800-18W Wing Span: 12.49m Length: 10.13m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 29.17m2 Empty Weight: 4238kg Max.Weight: 6592kg Max. Speed: 684km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 1*b454kg 2*b726kg F4W Bearcat, Canadian Car and Foundry Co (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1) Plans to produce the {F8F} Bearcat as F4W did not materialize. F-5 Freedom Fighter, Northrop (M|P-USA-A-F-LN-N-J2|J1) The F-5 was developed as a cheap 'export fighter' for military assistance programs. It was a small jet fighter with short-span wings, twin-engined and optimized for easy maintenance. The F-5 was never used on a large scale by the USAF, but because of characteristics similar to the {MiG-21}, the F-5 was used as 'agressor' aircraft. The USAF did also use the closely related {T-38} supersonic trainer. While the F-5A (799 built) was a very basic aircraft with minimal equipment, the F-5E Tiger II (1166 built) was much more capable. Finally, the much-modified, single-engined F-5G was renamed {F-20}. At least 28 countries used the F-5. Type: F-5A Function: fighter Year: 1963 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1800kg G.E. J85-GE-13 Wing Span: 7.70m Length: 14.38m Height: 4.01m Wing Area: 15.79m2 Empty Weight: 3667kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 1490km/h Ceiling: 15200m Max. Range: 2600km Armament: 2*g20mm Type: F-5E Function: fighter Year: 1973 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 22.24kN G.E. J85-GE-21A Wing Span: 8.13m Length: 14.68m Height: 4.08m Wing Area: 17.28m2 Empty Weight: 4410kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: M1.64 Ceiling: 15790m Max. Range: 2860km Armament: 2*g20mm F-5 Lightning, Lockheed (S-USA-A-R-N-T-IL2) Unarmed reconaissance version of the {P-38} fighter. F5B, Boeing (I-USA-AC-F-PN-N-AR1) Designation given to a naval derivative of the Boeing X{P-15} parasol monoplane fighter. F5C, Curtiss Designation not assigned, to avoid confusion with the Curtiss F.5 flying boat. F5D Skylancer, Douglas (P-USA-AC-F-MD-N-J1) Development of the {F4D} Skyray, retaining only the basic planform of the F4D. The wing was thinner, the engine more powerful, and the fuselage longer and more slender. The F5D was cancelled in favor of the {F8U}, and the planned version with the J79 engine never flew. Five built. Type: F5D-1 Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7258kg P&W J57-P-8 Wing Span: 10.21m Length: 16.40m Height: 4.51m Wing Area: 51.75m2 Empty Weight: 7912kg Max.Weight: 13120kg Max. Speed: 1534km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 2148km Armament: 4*g20mm or 72*r2in, and two AAMs. F5F Skyrocket, Grumman (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-ARW2) Experimental twin-engined shipboard fighter, designed as a fast interceptor. The F5F was unusual because the nose of the fuselage ended well before the wing leading edge and the engines; it had twin fins and rudders. Performance was good, but handling of the F5F was unsatisfactory because of aerodynamical problems, and forward visibility was considered too limited for carrier landings. Also, Grumman was already heavily loaded with the production of other aircraft. Only one XF5F-1 and one X{P-50} were built. Type: XF5F-1 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 880kW Wright XR-1820-40/42 Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 8.75m Height: 3.45m Wing Area: 28.19m2 Empty Weight: 3677kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 616km/h Ceiling: 10100m Max. Range: 1930km Armament: F.5.L, Curtiss (F-GB-AF-P-B-N-ILB2) The British Felixstowe factory built a series of improved Curtiss {H} flying boats. The F.5.L was an USA-built version of the Felixstowe {F.5}. Type: F.5.L Function: reconaissance / ASW Year: 1922 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 420hp Liberty 12 Speed: 87mph Ceiling: Range: 850mls Armament: F5U, Chance-Vought (P-USA-A-F-*-F-AR2) This was an unusual pancake-shaped fighter prototype. One was built (plus a static test example) but it never really flew, only making a brief hop during taxiing tests. The V-173 technology demonstrator flew well, however. At least a picture exists of a WWII German aircraft of similar 'flying saucer' design. Type: XF5U-1 Function: fighter Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1180kW P&W R-2000-7 Max. Speed: 811km/h Ceiling: 9750m Max. Range: 1465km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm or 4*g20mm, 2*b227kg F-6 Skyray, Douglas (P-USA-AC-F-MD-N-J1) Former {F4D}, see there. F-6 Mustang, North American (S-USA-A-R-LN-N-IL1) Reconaissance version of the {P-51} fighter. F6B, Boeing (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) The last Boeing-built biplane fighter. The F6B was of all-metal construction. Because of its ability to carry a 227kg bomb, it was redesignated XBFB-1. No production. Type: XF6B-1 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 625hp P&W R-1535 Wing Span: 8.69m Length: 6.74m Height: 3.22m Wing Area: 32.41m2 Empty Weight: 1038kg Max.Weight: 1680kg Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: Range: 845kg Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 227kg F6C Hawk, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-IL1|AR1) Biplane fighter. This was another member of the Curtiss Hawk family, a naval version of the {P-1}. Early F6Cs were navalized P-1s, with the same V-1150 in-line engine and provision for float landing gear. The US Navy decided to standardize on radial engines in 1927, and the F6C-4 was powered by the R-1340 radial. Later several other engines were also experimented with. The F6C remained in the first-line squadrons until 1930. Type: F6C-4 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 306kW P&W R-1340 Wasp Wing Span: 11.43m Length: 6.86m Height: 3.33m Wing Area: 23.41m2 Empty Weight: 898kg Max.Weight: 14238kg Max. Speed: 255km/h Ceiling: 7000m Max. Range: 580km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm F6D Missileer, Douglas (P-USA-AC-F-?-?-J2) Project for a large subsonic missile-carrier, powered with two P&W TF30-P-2 engines. The three-man crew would be able to make six hour patrol flights, and lauch six long-range Eagle missiles to intruders. Cancelled. F6F Hellcat, Grumman (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1) The F6F design began as a development of the {F4F} powered by the R-2600 engine, but soon evolved into a much larger and more capable aircraft, with the R-2800 engine. The F6F was designed and put into service in a very short period, assuring the ascendance of the USN over the {A6M} 'Zero' from the second half of 1943 onwards. It was credited with 76% of all aircraft destroyed by USN carrier fighters. In line with Grumman tradition, the F6F was a rugged aircraft that lacked easthetic appeal. Typical features were a tail-down attitude in level flight, because of the engine trust line, and the biggest wings fitted to a WWII fighter. Some were converted into unmanned flying bombs, used in Korea. 12275 built. Type: F6F-5 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1620kW P&W R-2800-10W Wing Span: 13.06m Length: 10.24m Height: 4.11m Wing Area: 31.03m2 Empty Weight: 4152kg Max.Weight: 6991kg Max. Speed: 611km/h Ceiling: 11400m Max. Range: 2100km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg F6U Pirate, Vought (P-USA-AC-F-LN-N-J1) Straight-wing jet fighter, an ugly and unsuccessful aircraft. The design was conventional, with straight wings, a blunt nose, small wing root jet intakes, and small additional fins at the tips of the tailplane. The construction was innovative, with use of glassfibre and balsa wood. The F6U was underpowered, and was modified to become the first operational jet fighter with an afterburner. Even then the performance was described as "sub-marginal", and they were assigned to development tasks and training. 33 built. Type: F6U-1 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1916kg Westinghouse J34-WE-30 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 11.48m Height: 3.93m Wing Area: 18.90m2 Empty Weight: 3320kg Max.Weight: 5851kg Max. Speed: 959km/h Ceiling: 14100m Max. Range: 1880km Armament: 4*g20mm F-7 Sea Dart, Convair (P-USA-AF-F-MD-N-J2) Former {F2Y}, see there. F-7 Liberator, Consolidated (S-USA-A-R-HN-N-ARW4) Reconnaissance version of the {B-24} bomber. F7B, Boeing (I-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1) The F7B was built in 1934 as a modern, monoplane carrier-borne fighter aircraft. The USN decided to continue its use of biplane fighters; the landing speed of the F7B was considered too high. One built. Type: XF7B-1 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 550hp P&W SR-1340-30 Wing Span: 9.73m Length: 8.41m Height: 2.26m Wing Area: 19.79m2 Empty Weight: 1262kg Max.Weight: 1656kg Max. Speed: 375km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 1207km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm F7C Sea Hawk, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Only 17 were built of this biplane fighter. This was not an adaptation of a land-based Curtiss Hawk, but an all-new design, specifically for shipboard use. 18 were built, all production aircraft being used by the USMC. Type: F7C-1 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-1340-B Wasp Wing Span: 9.96m Length: 6.75m Height: 3.15m Wing Area: 25.64m2 Empty Weight: 924kg Max.Weight: 1262kg Max. Speed: 242km/h Ceiling: 7120m Max. Range: 530km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm F7F Tigercat, Grumman (S-USA-AC-F-HN-N-ARW2) The F7F was a fast twin-engined fighter, designed with a very slender fuselage and two radial powerful engines. Too late for WWII, it proved useful in a variety of roles, but was built in relatively small numbers. It was the first twin-engined shipboard aircraft to go in service, and its weight and speed at first restricted it land-based service with the USMC. Only the last version, F7F-4N, was considered fully acceptable for carrier use. Nightfighter versions of the F7F were in service with the USMC until 1952. Type: F7F-1 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1545kW P&W R-2800-22W Wing Span: 15.7m Length: 13.85m Height: 5.06m Wing Area: 42.27m2 Empty Weight: 7238kg Max.Weight: 10730kg Max. Speed: 687km/h Ceiling: 11000m Max. Range: 2880km Armament: 4*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg F7U Cutlass, Vought (P-USA-AC-F-MS-F-J2] Very unusual Vought design for a tailless fighter, with a swept wing and twin fins on the trailing edge near mid-span. The original F7U-1 was very unsatisfactory; after much redesign the F7U-3 entered service. It enjoyed only limited succes and service, and had a bad safety record: over about 25% were lost in accidents in three years of service. 290 built. Type: F7U-3 Function: fighter Year: 1951 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 2785kg Westinghouse J46-WE-8A Wing Span: 12.10m Length: 13.50m Height: 4.45m Wing Area: 46.08m2 Empty Weight: 8267kg Max.Weight: 14365kg Max. Speed: 1094km/h Ceiling: 12200m Max. Range: 1060km Armament: 4*g20mm 907kg F-8 Crusader, Vought (P-USA-AC-F-HS-N-J1) Before the introduction of the 'tri-service' designation system this aircraft was known as the F8U. It originally was a fast dayfighter, but later models were capable of all-weather operations. The problem of putting a powerful, heavy supersonic fighter on a carrier deck was solved by giving the F-8 a variable incidence wing, and it could operate even from smaller carriers. The Crusaders sold to the French 'Aeronavale' (which are still in service) had further modifications to reduce landing speed. The F-8 enjoyed a long and distinguished career, and was still very effective in Vietnam. There was also an RF-8 reconnaissance version, with a large rectangular fairing under the forward fuselage housing cameras. The F8U-3 was a totally new design, superficially similar, but with large belly fins and different nose contours; it did not enter service. 1305 built. Type: F-8D (F8U-2N) Function: fighter Year: 1958 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 8165kg P&W J57-P-20 Wing Span: 10.87m Length: 16.53m Height: 4.80m Wing Area: 34.84m2 Empty Weight: 7957kg Max.Weight: 13154kg Max. Speed: 1976km/h Ceiling: 17700m Max. Range: 2795km Armament: 4*g20mm Type: RF-8A (F8U-1P) Function: reconaissance Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7258kg P&W J75-P-4 Speed: 1589km/h Ceiling: 15790m Range: 3233km Type: F8U-3 Function: fighter Year: 1958 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 13381kg P&W J75-P-5A Wing Span: 12.16m Length: 17.88m Height: 4.98m Wing Area: 41.80m2 Empty Weight: 9917kg Max.Weight: 17587kg Speed: 2832km/h Ceiling: Range: 3289km Armament: F-8 Mosquito, de Havilland (S-USA-A-R-MN-N-ILW2) Reconnaissance version of the British DH {Mosquito}, in service with the USAAF. Modification of the Mosquito Mk.XX bomber. F8B, Boeing (S-USA-AC-FA-LN-N-AR1) The big F8B was too late to fight in WWII. It was more a long-range attack aircraft than a fighter. The F8B was among the heaviest and most powerful single-engined aircraft built during WWII. It had an internal bomb-bay for four 500lb or two 1600lb bombs, as well as external bomb racks. First flight was on 27 November 1944. Intended for an invasion of Japan, it was cancelled after the end of WWII. Three built. Type: XF8B-1 Function: attack / fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2237kW P&W XR-4360-10 Wing Span: 16.46m Length: 13.18m Height: 4.95m Wing Area: 45.43m2 Empty Weight: 6132kg Max.Weight: 9302kg Max. Speed: 695km/h Ceiling: 11430m Max. Range: 5630km Armament: 6*g20mm 1451kg F8C, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-FAR-B-N-AR1) Two-seat biplane fighter, developed from the {O-12}, itself a development of the {O-1}. The USN saw it as a multi-role aircraft and redesignated the F8C-1 and F8C-3 as the OC-1 and OC-2, respectively. The XF8C-2, F8C-4 and F8C-5 were thoroughly redesigned, to act as dive-bombers as well as two-seat fighters. These models were known (unofficially) as 'Helldiver'. The USN later redesignated them O2C. 27 built of the F8C-1 and F8C-3, about 75 of the later models. Type: F8C-1 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 430hp P&W R-1340B Wing Span: 11.58m Length: 8.51m Height: 3.55m Wing Area: 32.52m2 Empty Weight: 1141kg Max.Weight: 1901kg Speed: 232km/h Ceiling: Range: 1046km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm Type: F8C-4 Function: fighter / attack Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * P&W R-1340-88 Wing Span: 9.75m Length: 7.82m Height: 3.12m Wing Area: 28.61m2 Empty Weight: 1140kg Max.Weight: 1716kg Max. Speed: 237km/h Ceiling: 5300m Max. Range: 730km Armament: mg b227kg F8F Bearcat, Grumman (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1) The supreme radial-engined shipboard fighter design. Was too late for WWII. The F8F, a reaction on the continuous weight and size increases, combined a very powerful engine with an airframe that was small enough to be put on board of escort carriers. However, it had limited armament and short range. Despite the end of the war, 1266 were built. Some saw action with the French airforce in Inochina. Type: F8F-1B Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1566kW P&W R-2800-34W Wing Span: 10.92m Length: 8.61m Height: 4.22m Wing Area: 22.67m2 Empty Weight: 3207kg Max.Weight: 5873kg Max. Speed: 678km/h Ceiling: 11800m Max. Range: 3160km Armament: 4*g20mm 2*b454kg F8U Crusader, Vought (P-USA-AC-F-HS-N-J1) Renamed {F-8}, see there. F-9 Cougar, Grumman (P-USA-AC-F-LN|LS-N-J1) Former {F9F} Cougar, see there. F-9 Flying Fortress, Boeing (S-USA-A-R-LN-N-ARW4) Reconaissance version of the {B-17} bomber. These were conversions of B-17F and B-17G bombers, F9C Sparrowhawk, Curtiss (I-USA-AC|A*-F-B-N-AR1) The F9C was originally designed as a lightweight carrier fighter. For this role it was rejected, but it found a new life as a parasite fighter carried by airships. For this purpose a large hook and rail were fitted on top of the upper wing, that enabled it to catch on to the airship. Eight built. Type: F9C-2 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew:1 Engines: 1 * 310kW Wright R-975 Wing Span: 7.75m Length: 6.27m Height: 3.34m Wing Area: 16.07m2 Empty Weight: 947kg Max.Weight: 1256kg Max. Speed: 283km/h Ceiling: 5800m Max. Range: 560km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm F9F, Grumman (P-USA-A-F-?-?-?J4) The XF9F-1 was a nightfighter project with four 680kg Westinghouse J30 engines. It was abandoned. F9F Panther / Cougar, Grumman (P-USA-AC-F|R-LN|LS-N-J1) The (F9F-2 to F9F-5) Panther was a straight-wing jet fighter. The Panther was a straightforward, conventional aircraft, but much attention was given to detail refinement and ease of maintenance. Its performance and handling were below that required for a good fighter, but it did make an excellent fighter-bomber. In that role, it saw combat in Korea. Over 1300 were built. The (F9F-6 to -8) Cougar had sweptback wings. Commonality with the Panther was very limited, and only for political reasons the same designation was kept. The Cougar was a good aircraft and was built in large numbers, despite the availability of fighters with a higher performance. Type: F9F-5 Panther Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2800kg P&W J48-P-6A Wing Span: 11.58m Length: 11.84m Height: 3.73m Wing Area: 23.23m2 Empty Weight: 4603kg Max.Weight: 8492kg Max. Speed: 930km/h Ceiling: 13000m Max. Range: 2100km Armament: 4*g20mm 2*b454kg Type: F9F-6 Cougar Function: fighter Year: 1952 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3300kg P&W J48-P-8 Max. Speed: 1100km/h Ceiling: 15200m Max. Range: 1600km Armament: 4*g20mm F-10 Skynight, Douglas (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2) Former {F3D}, see there. F-10, North American (S-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW2) Reconnaissance version of the {B-25} bomber. F10C, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Two-seat fighter, a development of the {F8C}. Also known as XF8C-8 or XS3C-1. One built. It was powered by the Curtiss R-1510 engine. F10F Jaguar, Grumman (P-USA-AC-F-HS-N-J1) The F10F had a variable geometry wing. Because of the cheek jet intakes and the wing sweep mechanism, the fuselage was rather fat. Wing sweep could be varied from 13.5 to 42.5 degrees. The horizontal tail was controlled by a small tab surface on a protruding boom, that was the only part of it connected to the pilot's controls. The XF10F-1 demonstrated the handling problems of swing-wing aircraft, later solved by the development of fixed wing root "gloves". One built. Type: XF10F-1 Function: fighter Year: 1952 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4945kg Westinghouse XJ40-W-8 Wing Span: 11.17m/15.42m Length: 16.59m Height: 4.95m Wing Area: 43.38m2/41.81m2 Empty Weight: 9265kg Max.Weight: 16080kg Max. Speed: 1143km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 2687km Armament: F-11 Tiger, Grumman (P-USA-AC-F-MS-N-J1) Former {F11F}, see there. F-11, Hughes (S-USA-A-R-HN-T-AR2) A very streamlined twin-engined, twin-boom reconnaissance aircraft. Only two were built. The F-11 was the subject of a political fight after WWII. Type: XF-11 Task: reconaissance Year: 1946 Crew: Engines: 2 * P&W R-4360-1 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 450mph Ceiling: 42000ft Max. Range: 5000mls Armament: F11C Goshawk, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) A member of the Hawk family. The F11C was basically a developed {F6C}, using the wings of the X{P-23}. The USN ordered 28 F11C-2s. The F11C-3 had a retractable undercarriage, and was later renamed {BF2C}. The F11C-2 was then renamed {BFC}. It remained in service until 1938. Export included, the production of the F11C was over 130. Type: F11C-2 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 550kW Wrighte SR-1820-78 Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 7.62m Height: 3.23m Wing Area: 24.34m2 Empty Weight: 1378kg Max.Weight: 1869kg Max. Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: 7400m Max. Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm F11F Tiger, Grumman (P-USA-AC-F-MS-N-J1) The F11F (former F9F-9) was a very elegant shipboard fighter from Grumman. It served only a short time with the fleet, because it was overtaken by the rapid developments of that time: the F11F was a pure daylight fighter. The Navy acrobatic team, the 'Blue Angels', flew the F11F for a much longer period. The 'Super Tiger' development with a J79 engine, was promising, but found no customers. Type: F11F-1 Function: fighter Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 5000kg Wright J65-W-18 Wing Span: 9.64m Length: 14.31m Height: 4.03m Wing Area: 23.23m2 Empty Weight: 6091kg Max.Weight: 10052kg Max. Speed: 1432km/h Ceiling: 15400m Max. Range: 1130km Armament: 4*g20mm F-12, Lockheed (P-USA-A-F-D-N-JW2) The YF-12 was an interceptor derivative (?) of the A-12 recce/spy aircraft. It is not very clear whether this should be taken serious; its potential as a fighter was rather low. The A-12/SR-71 is fast, but lacks manoeuverability and is very difficult to operate. The YF-12 carried missiles in the large nose chines. The three YF-12s were single-seat modifications of the A-12 series. Type: YF-12 Function: fighter Year: 1962 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 14740kg P&W J58 Wing Span: 16.94m Length: 30.99m Height: 5.56m Wing Area: 166.75m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 3661km/h Ceiling: 24400m Max. Range: 4800km Armament: 4*msl AIM-47A F-12 Rainbow, Republic (S-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW4) Strategic recce aircraft, a large, but well-streamlined design powered by four fan-cooled R-4360 radials. For high-altitude flight the crew had cabin pressurisation. It flew first in 1946. Two built. Type: XF-12 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1946 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 3000ho P&W R-4360-1 Wing Span: 39.38m Length: 28.62m Height: 8.75m Wing Area: 152.4m2 Empty Weight: 33300kg Max.Weight: Speed: 742km/h at 12200m Ceiling: 12800m Range: 5560km F12C, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-F-PN-N-AR1) Parasol-wing two-seat fighter, based a a design by the Bureau of Aeronautics of the US Navy. One was built, which was redesignated first XS4C-1 and then XSBC-1. The XSBC-2 returned to a biplane configuration, and it was this version that entered production. Type: XF12C-1 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Wright R-1510-92 Wing Span: 12.65m Length: 8.86m Height: 3.94m Wing Area: 25.27m2 Empty Weight: 1762kg Max.Weight: 2477kg Speed: 349km/h Ceiling: Range: 1190km Armament: F12F, Grumman (P-USA-AC-F-HS-N-J?) Development of the {F11F}. Not built. F-13 Superfortress, Boeing (S-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW4) Reconnaissance version of the {B-29}. F13C, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-F-B|PN-N-AR1) The XF13C-1 was designed by Curtiss as an all-metal parasol-wing monoplane fighter, but with the option of converting it easily to XF13C-2 biplane configuration. It was first flown as a biplane, then converted to monoplane. The F13C was a clean aircraft, with retractable landing gear and a closed cockpit. But the USN selected the Grumman F2F/F3F to become its last biplane fighters. The reengined XF13C-3 was also a monoplane. Type: XF13C-3 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 700hp Wright XR-1510-12 Wing Span: 10.67m Length: 7.86m Height: 3.88m Wing Area: 19.04m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2142kg Speed: 373km/h Ceiling: Range: 5.2hrs Armament: F-14, Lockheed (P-USA-A-R-LN-N-J1) Reconnaissance version of the {P-80} fighter. One built, modified from a YP-80A; later reconnaissance versions of the P-80 were named RF-80. F-14 Tomcat, Grumman (M-USA-AC-F-S-N-J2) Large and powerful two-seat shipboard fighter with variable geometry wings. The weapons system and the Phoenix missile armament are unrivalled for long-distance interceptions, making the F-14 one of the most effective heavy fighters. The original F-14A model was powered by TF30 engines, but the TF30 was too unreliable and not powerful enough. After a lot of experimentation, the F110 engine was adopted, and installed in new-built F-14Ds or upgraded F-14Bs (Formerly known as F-14A+.) The F-14D also introduced digital instead of analog avionics. The F-14 is expensive and very maintenance intensive, and the only export customer was Iran. Type: F-14A Function: fighter Year: 1972 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 9500kg P&W TF30-P-412A Wing Span: 19.54m/11.65m Length: 19.10m Height: 4.88m Wing Area: 52.49m2 Empty Weight: 18036kg Max.Weight: 33724kg Max. Speed: 2500km/h Ceiling: 18300m Max. Range: 3220km Armament: 1*g20mm msl F14C, Curtiss (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1) The F14C was originally designed around the liquid-cooled 2200hp Lycoming XH-2470-1 engine. Devlopment of this engine was slow, and the XF14C-1 was cancelled. The design was then restarted with the R-3350 engine, with a turbosupercharger and contraprops. The heavy fighter had a disappointing performance. One built. Type: XF14C-2 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1690kW Wright XR-3350-16 Wing Span: 14.03m Length: 11.51m Height: 3.76m Wing Area: 34.84m2 Empty Weight: 4808kg Max. Weight: 6620kg Max. Speed: 682km/h Ceiling: 12050m Max. Range: 2180km Armament: 4*g20mm F-15 Eagle, McDonnell Douglas (M-USA-A-F-HS-N-J2) Big twin-engined air-superiority fighter. The F-15 was the US answer to the {MiG-25}. While not as fast, it is a better all-round fighter. The armament was optimized to down any opponent, although the basic missile types (AIM-9 and AIM-7) are the same as carried by the F-4. F-15's made nearly all air-to-air 'kills' in the (second) Gulf War. From the F-15 fighter the F-15E two-seat Strike aircraft was developed, which retained retained its air-to-air combat capability, but added the equipment for all-weather attack missions. The F-15I is an export version for Israel. Type: F-15C Function: fighter Year: 1973 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 106kN P&W F100-PW-100 Wing Span: 13.05m Length: 19.43m Height: 5.63m Wing Area: 56.48m2 Empty Weight: 12973kg Max.Weight: 30844kg Max. Speed: M 2.5 Ceiling: 19200m Max. Range: 5.25hrs Armament: 1*g20mm 7300kg F-15 Reporter, Northrop (S-USA-A-R-MN-T-ARW2) Reconaissance version of the {P-61} fighter. Only 37 were built, based on P-61C airframes. F15C, Curtiss (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1&J1) The XF15C was a mixed power fighter, with a radial engine in the nose and a jet engine aft of the wing, with the jet nozzle under the aft fuselage. The F15C was far heavier and more powerful than the similar Ryan {FR}. It was the last Navy Curtiss fighter. It had a tricycle undercarriage, to clear the jet exhaust, and a bubble cockpit. Two of the three prototypes were later modified with T-tails. The XF15C-1 was soon obsolete. Three built. Type: XF15C-1 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1545kW P&W R-2800-34W 1 * 1225kg Allis-Chalmers J36 Wing Span: 14.64m Length: 13.42m Height: 4.65m Wing Area: 37.16m2 Empty Weight: 5742kg Max. Weight: 8490kg Max. Speed: 755km/h Ceiling: 12750m Max. Range: 2230km Armament: 4*g20mm F-16 Fighting Falcon, General Dynamics / Lockheed (M-USA-A-F-MS-N-J1) The F-16 was the most successful fighter of its generation. In early 1997 about 3600 had been delivered, and production was expected to exceed 4000. The F-16 began life as a research project for a very light fighter, optimized for dogfighting. The project looked promising enough to develop a real fighter from it, but common sense dictated that manoeuvrability is not the only requirement for a fighter, and the production F-16 is heavier and bigger than the original concept. Still, it is one of the best dogfighting aircraft. Typical for the F-16 are the wings of cropped delta configuration, blended with the fuselage, and with long forward wing extensions. Type: F-16A Function: fighter Year: 1976 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 105.7kN P&W F100-PW-220 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 15.03m Height: 5.09m Wing Area: 27.9m2 Empty Weight: 7387kg Max.Weight: 17010kg Max. Speed: Mach 2.05 Ceiling: 16750m Max. Range: 3900km Armament: 1*g20mm 9276kg F-16XL, General Dynamics (M-USA-A-AF-MD-N-J1) The F-16XL was a derivative of the F-16 with a large 'cranked delta' wing. This version was intended as attack aircraft; the extra wing area greatly increased the weapons load. The F-16XL was not ordered for production, because the USAF selected the {F-15}E. The two F-16XLs built (a single-seater and a two-seater) were then used by NASA for high-speed test flights. Production aircraft could have been designated F-16E (although an all-new designation would certainly have been appropiate.) Type: F-16XL Function: fighter / attack Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 11350kg P&W F100-PW-100 Wing Span: 10.43m Length: 16.50m Height: 5.36m Wing Area: 61.59m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 21772kg Max. Speed: 2230km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: +4630km Armament: 1*g20mm F-17, Northrop (M-USA-A-F-HN-N-J2) Twin-engined, lightweight fighter. The YF-17 lost the competition with the {F-16} but was the basis for the {F-18}. Two built. Type: YF-17 Function: fighter Year: 1974 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 6532kg G.E. YJ101-GE-100 Wing Span: 10.66m Length: 16.92m Height: 4.42m Wing Area: 32.51m2 Empty Weight: 9526kg Max.Weight: 13894kg Max. Speed: 2071km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 4506km Armament: 1*g20mm msl F-18 Hornet, McDonnell Douglas (M-USA-AC-AF-HN-N-J2) Twin-engined shipboard fighter, developed from the smaller {F-17}. Because of its dual role as attack aircraft, it is officially known as the F/A-18. The F-18 is a medium-sized fighter, heavier than the {F-16} but lighter than the {F-14} and {F-15}. The RF-18 is a recce version, without the internal gun and with cameras in the nose. The USN planned to replace a lot of combat aircraft by the multifunctional F/A-18. The F-18 has also been sold abroad, to Canada, Australia, Spain, and others. Current planning is for a substantially modified F-18E 'Super Hornet', which was rolled out at the end of 1995 and made its first carrier landing in early 1997. This F-18E and the two-seat F-18F can be recognized easily by their rectangular engine intakes, which reduced radar reflection and provide a greater mass flow for their more powerful engines. The F-18E is also longer and has a bigger wing, with two additional hardpoints, and has sturdier landing gear to cope with the increased weight. Range has been increased by 40%. The F-18E is expected to enter service in 2000. Type: F-18A Function: fighter / attack Year: 1980 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 7250kg G.E. F404-GE-400 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 22317kg Max. Speed: 2125km/h Ceiling: 15250m Max. Range: 3670km Armament: 1*g20mm 7700kg Type: F-18E Function: fighter / attack Year: (2000) Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 97.9kN G.E. F414-GE-400 Wing Span: 13.62m Length: 18.31m Height: 4.88m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 13387kg Max.Weight: 29937kg Speed: Mach 1.8+ Ceiling: 15240m Range: Armament: F-19 Rumoured name for a 'Stealth' design, that seems to have been skipped. Maybe this number was destined for the {F-117}, maybe not. F-20 Tigershark, Northrop (M|P-USA-A-F-LN-N-J1) The previous name of this fighter was F-5G, indicating that it was a single-engined development of the {F-5}. The F-20 had 80% more engine power, modern avionics, and an enlarged wing. It was a capable aircraft but found no customer, because the USAF preferred to stick with the {F-16}. It was also offered to the USN in the "aggressor" role, but was again rejected in favour of the F-16. Without home market there was little hope for export orders. Three built. Type: F-20 Function: fighter Year: 1982 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7711kg G.E. F404-GE-100 Wing Span: 8.13m Length: 14.17m Height: 4.22m Wing Area: 17.28m2 Empty Weight: 5089kg Max.Weight: 12475kg Max. Speed: 2124km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 2965km Armament: 2*g20mm 3175kg F-21 Kfir, IAI (M-ISRAEL-A-F-LD-N-J1) These were Israeli aircraft that were in service in the US as "agressors" for dissimilar air combat training. The Kfir is a development of the French {Mirage 5} with an J79 engine, built in Israel after France refused to deliver the original aircraft. Twelve were used by the US Navy and thirteen by the USMC. Type: Kfir C-1 Function: fighter Year: 1975 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 8120kg P&W J79-PW-17 Max. Speed: 2445km/h Ceiling: 18000 m Max. Range: 1300+ km Armament: 2*g30mm F-22 Raptor, Lockheed (M-USA-A-F-HS-N-J2) Destined to become the next generation fighter of the USAF. The F-22 is a stealthy air-superiority fighter. The F-22 has a rather conventional appearance, with twin tails and flat fuselage sides; the missiles (six AIM-120s and two AIM-9s) are carried in internal weapons bays. Construction is hybrid, with use of aluminium and titanium as well as composites. The engines have two-dimensional thrust-vectoring nozzles. Another requirement is the ability to cruise at supersonic speeds without afterburner. Plans for a naval version, intended to replace the {F-14}, with extensive changes to make the aircraft suitable for carrier use, have been shelved. Service entry is expected in 2002, and the first F-22A production aircraft flew on 7 September 1997. Type: YF-22 Function: fighter Year: 1990 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 156kN P&W YF119-PW-100 Wing Span: 13.10m Length: 19.55m Height: 5.39m Wing Area: 77.1m2 Empty Weight: 14061kg Max.Weight: 26308kg Max. Speed: 2335km/h Ceiling: 19810m Max. Range: Armament: (prototypes unarmed) F-23, Northrop (M-USA-A-F-MS-N-J2) The F-23 was a stealth air-superiority fighter, which lost the competition with the {F-22}. The YF-23 was the most unconventional of the two designs; it had a diamond-shape wing platform and a V-tail. Missiles were to be carried in two fuselage bays. The second prototype had the General Electric YF120 engine. Type: YF-23A Year: 1990 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * P&W YF119-PW-100 Wing Span: 13.29m Length: 20.54m Height: 4.24m Wing Area: 88.25m2 Empty Weight: 14970kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 1915km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 1*g20mm F-24, Douglas (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1) In 1948, the USAAF abandoned the A- for 'attack' designations. The {A-24} Dauntless thus became the F-24. F-80 Shooting Star, Lockheed (P-USA-A-F|R|T-LN-N-J1) Former {P-80}, see there. F-82 Twin Mustang, North American (P-USA-A-F-LN-T-IL2) Former {P-82}, see there. F-84 Thunderjet, Republic (P-USA-A-F-MN-N-J1) This straight-wing fighter was initially seen as an escort fighter, and it carried more fuel --- in its relatively thick wing --- than other early jet fighters. However, it was soon outclassed by the {F-86} and {MiG-15}. It was found to be an useful fighter-bomber. The F-84 was built in large numbers, mainly to fill the need for aircraft during the Korean war. The most built model was the F-84G, which was initially considered to be only an interim type pending availability of the swept-wing F-84F. Significant numbers of F-84s, mostly F-84Gs, were delivered by the USA to its allies. Type: F-84D Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700kg Allison J35-A-13C Wing Span: 11.09m Length: 11.40m Height: 3.91m Wing Area: 24.15m2 Empty Weight: 4472kg Max.Weight: 9106kg Max. Speed: 945km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 1930km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm F-84F Thunderstreak, Republic (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J1) The F-84F was a major redesign of the {F-84}, with sweptback wings and a new engine, and kept the same number only for political reasons. (It would have been the F-96 at first.) The F-84F was not easy to fly, but it potential was big enough to secure large orders and world-wide export. The RF-84F reconnaissance version had wing root intakes to make room for photographic equipment in the nose. The RF-84K's were parasatic reconaissance aircraft; they had anhedralled tailplanes to fit under the bomb bay of a GRB-36! Type: F-84F Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1952 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Westinghouse J65-W-3 Wing Span: 10.24m Length: 13.23m Height: 4.57m Wing Area: 30.19m2 Empty Weight: 6789kg Max.Weight: 12247kg Max. Speed: 1060km/h Ceiling: 12000m Max. Range: 3440km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm Type: RF-84F Function: reconaissance Year: 1954 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3540kg Wright J65-W-7 Max. Speed: 936km/h Ceiling: 12000m Max. Range: Armament: 4*mg12.7mm F-84, Republic (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-T1) The XF-84H "Thunderscreech" was a development of the swept-wing {F-84}F as a turboprop-powered attack aircraft. It was initially developed for the USN, but that service soon lost interest. The program was continued by the USAF. The T-40 engine was unreliable and the supersonic propeller made the XF-84H probably the noisiest aircraft ever built. Twelve flights, eleven emergencies... Needless to say that the customers lost interest. Two built. Type: XF-84H Function: attack Year: 1955 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3920kW Allison XT40-A-1 Wing Span: 10.21m Length: 15.69m Height: 4.69m Wing Area: 30.75m2 Empty Weight: 7888kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 1080km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 3792kg Armament: 3*g16mm F-85 Goblin, McDonnell (P-USA-*-F-LS-N-J1) The bulbous little Goblin was a parasite fighter, intended to be carried in the bomb bay of a {B-36}. By necessity, it was a small egg-shaped aircraft with foldable wings and abbreviated, X-type tailfins. It had good flying characteristics, but hook-ons proved too dangerous because of the turbulence under the bomber. Two built. Type: XF-85 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1360kg Westinghouse J34-WE-22 Wing Span: 6.44m Length: 4.53m Height: 2.56m Wing Area: 8.36m2 Empty Weight: 1696kg Max.Weight: 2064kg Max. Speed: 1068km/h Ceiling: 48000ft Max. Range: 30min Armament: 4*mg12.7mm F-86 Sabre, North American (P-USA-A-F|R-LS-N-J1) This was the first USAF swept-wing fighter, and the famous opponent of the {MiG-15} in Korea. The swept wing was added to the design when it was found out that the straight-wing design (later built for the Navy as the {FJ}-1) was too slow. The early F-86A was inferior in some respects to the MiG-15: The Soviet fighter, lighter and with a more powerful engine, had avantages in speed and operation ceiling. But better US pilot training compensated that. More powerful engines and redesigned wings substantially improved performance of later types. The F-86H had a J73 engine instead of the J47. A radar nose and a 'beard' air intake characterized the F-86D, F-86K and F-86L single-seat all-wheater interceptors. The TF-86 was a longer trainer version and the RF-86 was a recce version; bulges at the wing roots and under the cockpit housed the photographic equipment. For the US Navy North American developed the {FJ}-2, FJ-3 and FJ-4 from the F-86. Type: F-86A Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 23.13kN G.E. J47-GE-13 Wing Span: 11.31m Length: 11.43m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 26.75m2 Empty Weight: 4780kg Max.Weight: 7359kg Max. Speed: 1089km/h Ceiling: 14630m Max. Range: 2050km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg Type: F-86D Function: fighter Year: 1953 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3026kg G.E. J47-GE-17 Wing Span: 11.31m Length: 12.27m Height: 4.57m Wing Area: 26.75m2 Empty Weight: 6123kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1115km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 24*r70mm Type: F-86F (with "6/3" wing) Function: fighter Year: 1952 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 26.40kN G.E. J47-GE-27 Wing Span: 11.92m Length: 11.44m Height: 4.49m Wing Area: 29.11m2 Empty Weight: 5046kg Max.Weight: 6894kg Max. Speed: 1118km/h Ceiling: 15200m Max. Range: 2050km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg F-87 Blackhawk, Curtiss (P-USA-A-F-MN-N-JU4) Beautiful but underpowered four-engined night fighter, a development of the X{A-43} design. The XF-87 was a clean aircraft with a mid-set, straight wing and a nacelle of rectangular cross-section on each wing, that contained two engines and the landing gear. It was the last fighter built by Curtiss. Type: XF-87 Function: nightfighter Year: 1948 Crew: 2 Engines: 4 * 3000lb Westinghouse XJ34-WE-7 Wing Span: 18.29m Length: 18.85m Height: 6.09m Wing Area: 55.74m2 Empty Weight: 11762kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 600mph Ceiling: 41000ft Max. Range: 1610km Armament: 4*g20mm, never installed F-88 Voodoo, McDonnell (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J2) This twin-engined, long-range escort fighter failed to attract orders. But the type provided the basis for the development of the {F-101}. (It can easily be distinguished from the latter, because the F-101 had a T-tail and cranked wing trailing edges.) Finally, one prototype was converted to a XF-88B testbed for high-speed propellers. Type: XF-88 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1633kg Westinghouse J34-WE-15 Wing Span: 12.09m Length: 16.50m Height: 5.26m Wing Area: 35.52m2 Empty Weight: 5507kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 1034km/h Ceiling: 39400ft Max. Range: 2795km Armament: 6*g20mm Type: XF-88B Task: experimental Year: 1953 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1360kg Westinghouse J34-EW-13 1 * Allison XT38-A-5 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: F-89 Scorpion, Northrop (P-USA-A-F-MN-N-J2) The F-89 was a large twin-engined all-weather fighter. It had a thin, unswept wing which was fitted with enormous drop tanks at the wingtips. Despite its size and bulk, the F-89 had a good performance. It was the main all-wheater interceptor of the USAF for some years. The F-89D switched from cannon armament to rockets carried in modified wingtip tanks. The F-89H was armed with Falcon AAMs carried also in the wingtip pods. 1232 were built. Type: F-89D Function: fighter Year: 1953 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 3270kg Allison J35-A-35 Wing Span: 18.20m Length: 16.40m Height: 5.33m Wing Area: 56.30m2 Empty Weight: 11428kg Max.Weight: 19160kg Max. Speed: 1020km/h Ceiling: 15000m Max. Range: 2200km Armament: 104 rockets. F-90, Lockheed (P-USA-A-F-LS-N-J2) The XF-90 was a transsonic long-range escort fighter. It was a low- wing aircraft with moderate wing sweed, which looked a bit like an enlarged {P-80}. Performance was very unsatisfactory. Two built. Type: XF-90 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1905kg Westinghouse XJ-34WE-15 Wing Span: 12.19m Length: 17.17m Height: 4.80m Wing Area: 32.05m2 Empty Weight: 8401kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 1070km/h Ceiling: 39000ft Max. Range: 2300mls Armament: 6*g20mm (never installed) F-91 Thunderceptor, Republic (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J1&K1) The radical Thunderceptor mixed-power aircraft was seen as an high-altitude interceptor. The wing was highly unusual, with variable incidence and inverse taper --- the wing tips housed the undercarriage. It was the first US fighter to exceed Mach 1 in level flight. Later one of the prototypes was modified to have a V-tail. Two were built. Type: XF-91 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3200 kg G.E. J47-GE-3 4 * 1500lb Reaction Motors XLR11-RM-9 Wing Span: 9.52m Length: 13.18m Height: 5.51m Wing Area: 29.73m2 Empty Weight: 7191kg Max.Weight: 12935kg Max. Speed: 1584km/h Ceiling: 50000ft Max. Range: 1885km Armament: 4*g20mm, never installed F-92, Convair (P-USA-A-F|X-MD-N-J1) This was, in fact, a reduced-scale flying model of the cancelled XF-92 intercepor. It was used by NASA for research into the characteristics of its delta wing. Type: XF-92A Function: experimental Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2086 Allison J33-A-23 Max. Speed: 718mph Ceiling: 50750ft Max. Range: F-93, North American (P-USA-A-F|R-LS-N-J1) Initially named YF-86C. This was a development of the {F-86} Sabre with a solid nose and flush NACA intakes. It actually had an entirely new fuselage with larger fuel tankage. It was intended as long-range penetration fighter. The F-93 was selected for production, but was later the victim of a budget cut. Two were built. Type: YF-93A Function: fighter Year: 1950 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2722kg P&W J48-P-6 Wing Span: 11.86m Length: 13.43m Height: 4.77m Wing Area: 28.43m2 Empty Weight: 6366kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 1139km/h Ceiling: 46800ft Max. Range: 3165km Armament: 6*g20mm F-94, Lockheed (P-USA-A-F-LN-N-J1) All-weather interceptor derived from the {T-33}. The F-94A and B were stopgap fighters pending introduction of the {F-89}, and developed in great haste; its performance was inadequate. Later Lockheed developed the much more capable F-94C Starfire, with new wings, a new engine, and rocket armament to compete with the F-89. The F-94D (only two built) was an attack version. Production of the F-94 totalled 854. Type: F-94C Function: nightfighter Year: 1949 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 3970kg P&W J48-P-5 Wing Span: 12.98m Length: 13.57m Height: 4.53m Wing Area: 21.63m2 Empty Weight: 5770kg Max.Weight: 10977kg Max. Speed: 1030km/h Ceiling: 15670m Max. Range: 1800km Armament: 48 r. F-95, North American (P-USA-A-F|R-LS-N-J1) This number was intended for what became the F-86D; the USAF designed to continue the {F-86} designation for political reasons. F-96 Thunderstreak, Republic (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J1) This number was intended for what became the F-84F. The YF-96 itself was a more direct swept-wing development of the {F-84}, still using the J35 engine; the aircraft was later completely redesigned. F-97 Starfire, Lockheed (P-USA-A-F-LN-N-J1) This number was intended for what became the {F-94}C. The new designation was logical --- the F-94C had little in common with the T-33, F-94A or F-94B --- but abandoned for political reasons. F-98 Falcon, Hughes Common sense won and this was considered a missile, not a fighter: the AIM-4 Falcon. F-99 Bomarc, Marquardt-Boeing This too was a missile, a SAM which was later redesignated IM-99. F-100 Super Sabre, North American (P-USA-A-FA-LS-N-J1) First operational supersonic fighter. The F-100 had a long and distinguished career, but was not without problems. It was designed before the 'area rule' was known; its supersonic performance was achieved by streamlining and power. It was very big for a fighter aircraft when it was first flown, and heralded a new generation of bigger, faster, and heavier fighters: the "Century Series". As an interceptor, it was soon overtaken by newer designs; the F-100 was used mostly as a fighter-bomber. The RF-100 was a recce version of the F-100 Super Sabre with equipment in a rectangular fairing under the forward fuselage. There also was an NF-100 with a thrust-reverser for low-speed controllability tests. Type: F-100D-75-NA Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7690kg P&W J57-P-21A Wing Span: 11.82m Length: 14.36m Height: 4.95m Wing Area: 35.77m2 Empty Weight: 9526kg Max.Weight: 15800kg Max. Speed: 1390km/h Ceiling: 14020m Max. Range: 2490km Armament: 4*g20mm 3402kg F-101 Voodoo, McDonnell (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J2) The F-101 was a larger and more powerful development of the {F-88}. It was heavy and large, but also powerful and fast, with an impressive range. Due to continuously changing requirements, the F-101 had a checkered development. Its original role was to be that of a 'deep penetration' long-range escort fighter. Instead, it served as nuclear attack fighter, all-weather interceptor, and reconaissance aircraft. Although it once equipped the majority of USAF interceptor units, it never was a major type in the US inventory, because of some control problems which limited its effectiveness. The F-101 was also flown for a long time by Canada. The reconaissance version was much used in Vietnam. 807 built. Type: F-101B Function: fighter Year: 1957 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 6750kg P&W J57-P-55 Wing Span: 12.09m Length: 20.54m Height: 5.49m Wing Area: 34.19m2 Empty Weight: 13141kg Max.Weight: 23768kg Max. Speed: 1965km/h Ceiling: 16705m Max. Range: 2500km Armament: 6*msl F-102 Delta Dagger, Convair (P-USA-A-F-LD-N-J1) This delta-wing interceptor was amongst the first to be designed as part of a 'weapons system' and to employ the area rule -- the latter refinement necessitated a total redesign after the first pre-series aircraft had failed to attain Mach 1. The effort paid off, and the F-102 became the main home-defence interceptor of the USAAF. It was considered an interim type, and replaced soon by the derived {F-106}. Type: F-102A Function: fighter Year: 1954 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7800kg P&W J57-P-23 Wing Span: 11.67m Length: 20.84m Height: 6.46m Wing Area: 61.45m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 14288kg Max. Speed: 1328km/h Ceiling: 16500m Max. Range: 2173km Armament: msl, r F-103, Republic (P-USA-A-F-D-N-J2) Twin-engined mach 3 fighter, a big aircraft of titanium construction. The F-103 was a tailed delta; the cockpit was flush with the upper fuselage, and the pilot was provided with a periscope for forward view. The F-103 would have been powered by both a conventional jet engine and a ramjet. The proposal was soon considered too bold to be practical, and cancelled in August 1957. None was built. Type: XF-103 Function: fighter Year: - Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 66.73kN Wright XJ-67-W-3 1 * 83.63kN Wright XJR55-W-1 Wing Span: 10.92m Length: 24.97m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 11340kg Max.Weight: 19051kg Speed: 3860km/h Ceiling: Range: 1300km Armament: 36*r, msl F-104 Starfighter, Lockheed (P-USA-A-F-MN-N-J1) The sleek, long fuselage of the F-104 was built around a big engine, and had extremely small, thin, unswept wings with marked anhedral. The F-104 interceptor had exceptional performance but rather limited ability to carry equipment and armament. Its all-round fighter-bomber F-104G variant enjoyed great export sales (and a poor reputation for safety), but the early F-104's were quickly abandoned by the USAF. The NF-104 was an F-104 fitted with an additional rocket engine under the tailfin, pointing slightly upwards. It was used for astronaut training; one set a record altitude of 36273m. There was also a TF-104 trainer and a RF-104 reconaissance version. Type: F-104A Function: fighter Year: 1958 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 65.78kN P&W J79-GE-3B Wing Span: 6.68m Length: 16.69m Height: 4.11m Wing Area: 18.21m2 Empty Weight: 6071kg Max.Weight: 11721kg Speed: M2.2 Ceiling: 19750m Range: 2250km Armament: 1*g20mm Type: F-104G Function: fighter Year: 1960 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7170kg G.E. J79-GE-11A Wing Span: 6.36m Length: 16.66m Height: 4.09m Wing Area: 18.22m2 Empty Weight: 6348kg Max.Weight: 13170kg Max. Speed: M2.2 Ceiling: 15240m Max. Range: 3500km Armament: 1*g20mm F-105 Thunderchief, Republic (P-USA-A-AF-MS-N-J1) The F-105 was a large fighter-bomber. Development was slow, with numerous theething troubles. Many modifications were needed to make the aircraft combat-ready, but then the though F-105 proved a very effective aircraft that was used a lot in Vietnam. Intensive use resulted in heavy losses; of the 610 F-105Ds built about half were lost in combat. The two-seat F-105F and F-105G models version was later adopted as 'Wild Weasel' aircraft. Approx 900 F-105s were built. Type: F-105D Function: fighter Year: 1958 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 12010kg P&W J75-P-19W Wing Span: 10.64m Length: 19.63m Height: 5.99m Wing Area: 35.76m2 Empty Weight: 12181kg Max.Weight: 23967kg Max. Speed: 2208km/h Ceiling: 14780m Max. Range: 3800km Armament: 1*g20mm F-106 Delta Dart, Convair (P-USA-A-F-LD-N-J1) Development of the {F-102} with significantly higher performance. The F-106 was primarily an interceptor, integrated in the computer-radar controlled SAGE network. It was a versatile aircraft that proved to be also an excellent dogfighter; it served many years with the USAF, armed with Falcon missiles, Genie nuclear-tipped rockets, and a later added 20mm Vulcan cannon. The last was retired in 1988. 341 built. Type: F-106A Function: fighter Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 11130kg P&W J57-P-17 Wing Span: 11.67m Length: 21.56m Height: 6.18m Wing Area: 64.83m2 Empty Weight: 10957kg Max.Weight: 18974kg Max. Speed: 2020km/h Ceiling: 17400m Max. Range: 4300km Armament: msl. A 20mm cannon was added later. F-106, Republic (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-T1) This designation was also used briefly for the X{F-84}H. F-107 Super Sabre, North American (P-USA-A-FA-LS-N-J1) The F-107 was an interceptor development of the {F-100}, that began life as the F-100B. The intake was moved to above and behind the cockpit to make room for the radar in the nose. Later the role was switched to fighter-bomber. The USAF preferred the {F-105}, and the F-107 never entered production. The prototypes were later flown by NACA. Type: F-107A Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 11113 kg P&W YJ75-P-9 Wing Span: 11.15m Length: 18.84m Height: 5.99m Wing Area: 34.93m2 Empty Weight: 10295kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 1432km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 1300km Armament: 4*g20mm F-108 Rapier, North American (P-USA-A-F-D-N-J2) Project for a Mach 3+ long-range interceptor. Large delta wing, two G.E. J93 engines. Cancelled in September 1959. Type: XF-108 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 133.45kN G.E. XJ93-GE-3 Wing Span: 16.12m Length: 25.87m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 21773kg Max.Weight: 46267kg Speed: 3220km/h Ceiling: Range: 1850km Armament: F-108, Bell (P-USA-A-?-?-?-?) Some sources indicate that this became the X-14, but the {X-14} built and flown can not be called a fighter... F-109 Voodoo, McDonnell (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J2) This designation was initially used for the F-101B two-seat interceptor version of the {F-101}. This seems to be the most credible explanation for this designation, although it is also the one least known. Other sources describe the F-109 was a the Ryan {X-13} Vertijet, a tail-sitting VTOL testbed, or the Bell F-109, allegedly a large Mach 2.3 VTOL fighter project. This one had two engines in each rotating nacelle on the wingtips, and four more lift engines in the fuselage. F-110 Spectre, McDonnell (P-USA-A-F|R|A-LS-N-J2) Renamed {F-4} Phantom II when the tri-service designation scheme was introduced. F-111, General Dynamics (M-USA-A|AC-F|A|E|B-HS-N-J2) The swing-wing F-111 was designed as a multi-role aircraft, but ended as an attack/strike aircraft. It was the result of an unwise and unhappy attempt to fulfill different USAF and Navy requirements with a single aircraft. The F-111B shipboard fighter, developed in cooperation with Grumman, was a complete failure. The F-111 strike fighter itself had a difficult start, but accumulated a good service and combat record in later years. Production was 563 aircraft. One F-111A was modified to the RF-111A/D configuration with cameras and SLAR. The USAF retired its last F-111 fighter-bombers in 1996. The EF-111 Raven is an electronic warfare development of the F-111 attack aircraft. The equipment is stored in a large canoe under the fuselage and a pod on the tail fin. Grumman modified about 40 F-111As to EF-111 configuration. Type: F-111D Function: attack Year: 1971 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 8890kg P&W TF30-P-9 Max. Speed: 2660km/h Ceiling: 19000m Max. Range: 6100km Armament: Type: F-111F Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 11385kg P&W TF30-P-100 Wing Span: 19.20m/9.74m Length: 22.40m Height: 5.22m Wing Area: 61.07m2 (fully swept) Empty Weight: 21398kg Max.Weight: 45359kg Speed: 2655km/h Ceiling: +17900m Range: 4710km Armament: 1*g20mm 13610kg Type: EF-111A Function: electronic warfare aircraft Year: 1981 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 8391kg P&W TF30-P-3 Wing Span: 19.20m/9.74m Length: 23.16m Height: 6.10m Wing Area: 48.77m2 Empty Weight: 25072kg Max.Weight: 40370kg Speed: 2216km/h Ceiling: 13175m Range: F-117 Nighthawk, Lockheed (M-USA-A-A-LS-N-J2) The F-117 is a 'Stealth' attack aircraft. The logic behind its out-of-series designation remains mysterious or is non-existent. The F-117 uses flat, angled fuselage and wing panels to direct radar reflections in a few sharply defined directions. Despite the aerodynamic disadvantages of such a design, and because of the computer controls, it is easy to fly. At night and in suitable weather the F-117 can execute precision attacks on point targets with impunity, but it has a limited weapons load and requires very careful mission planning. Attempts to sell an upgraded version to the USN failed. Type: F-117A Function: attack Year: 1981 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 48kN G.E. F404-GE-F102 Wing Span: 13.20m Length: 20.08m Height: Wing Area: 105.9m2 Empty Weight: 13609kg Max.Weight: 23814kg Max. Speed: 1040km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 2270kg FA, General Aviation (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Lightweight biplane fighter for the US Navy. 'General Aviation' was the former US branch of the Fokker company, but the XFA-1 did not use Fokker structural principles. It was of all-metal construction with fabric covering, with a gulled upper wing and a fixed cantilever landing gear. It was not sucessful. One built. Type: XFA-1 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400hp P&W R-985A Wing Span: 7.77m Length: 6.75m Height: 2.82m Wing Area: 16.26m2 Empty Weight: 833kg Max.Weight: 1138kg Max. Speed: 274km/h Ceiling: Range: 603km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm F/A-16, General Dynamics (M-USA-A-FA-MS-N-J1) Designation temporarely applied to {F-16}s fitted with the GPU-5 30mm cannon pod. F/A-18 Hornet, McDonnel Douglas (M-USA-AC-AF-HN-N-J2) See {F-18}. FB, Boeing (I-USA-A|AC|AS-F-B-N-IL1) USN version of {PW-9}. Small series were built: 10 FB-1s with Curtiss D-12 liquid-cooled engines, two FB-2s with inline 380kW Packard 1A-1500 engines, one FB-3 which was a FB-2 with floats, one FB-4 powered by a 336 kW Wright P-1 radial, 27 FB-5s with an inline Packard 2A-1500 engine and one FB-6 with a 298kW P&W Wasp radial. Type: FB-5 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 388kW packard 2A-1500 Wing Span: 9.75m Length: 7.24m Height: 2.87m Wing Area: 22.39m2 Empty Weight: 1115kg Max.Weight: 1474kg Max. Speed: 283km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 676km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm FB-111, General Dynamics (M-USA-A-B-HS-N-J2) A strategic bomber development of the F-111. The FB-111 is longer and can carry more fuel, but doesn't have real intercontinental range; this is compensated by its missile armament. Type: FB-111A Function: bomber Year: 1969 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 90.58kN P&W TF30-P-7 Speed: 2335km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 17000kg FC, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) First fighter intentionally built for the USN, a single-seat biplane. 39 built. Also called {TS}. Type: FC-1 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150 kW Wright J-1 Max. Speed: km/h Ceiling: 5000 m Max. Range: 775 km Armament: 1 * mg 7.62mm FD, Douglas (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Two-seat biplane fighter, of all-metal construction with fabric skinning. The FD competed with the {F3U} and the {F12C}. It was abandoned when the Navy decided against the continued development of two-seat fighters, and ordered scout-bombers instead. One built. Type: XFD-1 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 700hp P&W R-1535-64 Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 7.72m Height: 3.38m Wing Area: 27.40m2 Empty Weight: 1464kg Max.Weight: 2152kg Speed: 328km/h Ceiling: Range: 927km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm FD Phantom, McDonnell (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2) Later renamed {FH}, see there. FF Goblin, Grumman (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Grumman's first fighter for the US Navy. It was a two-seat biplane. the landing gear was rectracted into the bulky front fuselage, and the FF was the first USN carrier aircraft with a retractable undercarriage. It was soon replaced by the single-seat {F2F}. 120 were built of all versions. Some FFs, assembled in Canada, saw combat in the Spanish civil war. A few others were reluctantly accepted by the Canadian air force in the beginning of WWII. Type: FF-2 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 515kW Wright R-1820-78 Wing Span: 10.52m Length: 7.47m Height: 3.38m Wing Area: 28.80m2 Empty Weight: 1474kg Max.Weight: 2190kg Max. Speed: 393km/h Ceiling: 6400m Max. Range: 1500km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm FG Comanche, Eberhart (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Biplane fighter. The XFG-1 featured backward sweep on the upper wing and forward sweep on the lower wing, and was of metal construction with fabric skinning. After testing, it was modified to become the Eberhart {F2G}. One built. Type: XFG-1 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 425hp P&W R-1340-C Wing Span: 9.75m Length: 8.30m Height: 3.0m Wing Area: 22.36m2 Empty Weight: 973kg Max.Weight: 1333kg Speed: 249km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: FG Corsair, Goodyear (S-USA-A|AC-F-LN-N-AR1) Vought {F4U} Corsair, as built by Goodyear. The FG-1 was similar to the F4U-1 but had fixed wings, being intended for the USMC exclusively. Goodyear built 1694. The FG-1D was equivalent to the F4U-1D; Goodyear built 2303. The FG-3 was to be the production version of the XF4U-3 with a turbosupercharged engine; only 13 were built. The FG-4, equivalent to the F4U-4, was cancelled. FG-1, Cornelius (S-USA-AG-K-S-N-0) Fuel-carrying glider, an aircraft with forward swept wings of 54ft span. The XFG-1 carried 764 gallons of fuel. After the tug aircraft exhausted the fuel, the pilot of the glider would land it. The type did not enter production. Two built. FH, Hall (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Biplane fighter. The XFH-1 had an all-metal structure, with a semi-monococque fuselage and fabric-covered wings. The USN was interested in this structure, but the handling of the XFH-1 was unsatisfactory. One built. Type: XFH-1 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W R-1340B Wing Span: 9.75m Length: 6.85m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 23.69m2 Empty Weight: 804kg Max.Weight: Speed: 246km/h Ceiling: Range: 442km Armament: (2*mg7.62mm) FH Phantom, McDonnell (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2) The FH was the first pure jet fighter of the US Navy. It was a twin-engined straight-wing aircraft, with the engines buried in the thick wing roots. The FH represented a deliberately conservative approach to jet fighter design, but at least it proved that jet fighters could be good shipboard aircraft. About 60 were built; they served until 1950. Type: FH-1 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 x 725kg Westinghouse J30-WE-20 Wing Span: 12.42m Length: 11.35m Height: 4.32m Wing Area: 24.64m2 Empty Weight: 3031kg Max.Weight: 5459kg Max. Speed: 812km/h Ceiling: 13100m Max. Range: 1580km Armament: 4*mg12.7mm FJ, Berliner-Joyce (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Shipboard fighter. The XFJ-1 was an all-metal biplane, whose fuselage was attached directly to the upper wing, with a gap between the fuselage and the lower wing. Landing characteristics were very poor. The aircraft was modified to become the XFJ-2, which featured a gulled upper wing. It was still unsatisfactory. One built. Type: XFJ-2 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp P&W R-1340D Wasp Wing Span: 8.69m Length: 6.28m Height: 2.99m Wing Area: 16.59m2 Empty Weight: 953k Max.Weight: 1291kg Speed: 285km/h Ceiling: Range: 837km Armament: (2*mg7.62mm) FJ Fury, North American (P-USA-AC-AF-LS|LN-N-J1) The FJ was a relative of the {F-86} Sabre, but the relationship between the types was far more complex than one being a derivative of another. The FJ-1 was the straight-winged ancestor of the F-86, and because its performance was disappointing only 31 were built and it had a brief service life. The FJ-2 was completely different, a navalized version of the F-86E. 200 were built, but all delivered to the USMC for shore-based operation. The later FJ-3 was a further development, powered by the J65 (the British Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire). It had a deeper fuselage and folding wings. 538 were built. The FJ-4 again had very little in common with its precursors: both wing and fuselage were completely new. 372 were built. Type: FJ-1 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1841kg Allison J35-A-2 Wing Span: 11.63m Length: 10.48m Height: 4.52m Wing Area: 20.53m2 Empty Weight: 4100kg Max.Weight: 7076kg Speed: 880km/h Ceiling: 9750m Range: 2414km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm Type: FJ-2 Function: fighter Year: 1954 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2722kg G.E. J47-GE-2 Wing Span: 11.31m Length: 11.45m Height: 4.14m Wing Area: 26.75m2 Empty Weight: 5353kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1088km/h Ceiling: Range: 1593km Armament: 4*g20mm Type: FJ-3 Function: fighters Year: 1953 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3470kg Wright J65-W-4 Wing Span: 11.31m Length: 11.45m Height: 4.16m Wing Area: 28.08m2 Empty Weight: 5536kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1096km/h Ceiling: Range: 1593km Armament: 4*g20mm Type: FJ-4B Function: fighter / attack Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3500kg Wright J65-16A Wing Span: 11.91m Length: 11.07m Height: 4.24m Wing Area: 31.46m2 Empty Weight: 5992kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1094km/h Ceiling: 15200m Max. Range: 4340km Armament: 4*g20mm FL Airabonita, Bell (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-IL1) Navalized {P-39} Airacobra. The XFL-1 had a tailwheel undercarriage, a strengthened fuselage and an enlarged wing. Initially the XFL-1 failed its carrier qualification tests, and it was plagued by persistent center-of-gravity problems. After the beginning of the war all interest of the Navy disappeared. The USN did not really want an aircraft with a liquid-cooled engine, and anyway the FL couldn't compete with the {F4U} Corsair. One built. Type: XFL-1 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 845 kW Allison XV-1710-6 Wing Span: 10.68m Length: 9.09m Weight: 3.91m Wing Area: 21.57m2 Empty Weight: 2343kg Max.Weight: 3274kg Max. Speed: 541km/h Ceiling: 9425m Max. Range: 1725km Armament: (2*mg7.62mm 1*g37mm) FL-23, Fletcher (P-USA-A-U-?-?-?) STOL liaison and training aircraft, a design competing with the Cessna {L-19}. It did not enter production. FLB, Fokker / General Aviation (I-USA-AF-C-HN-N-ARO1) FLB for Flying Life Boat. Later these USCG aircraft were redesignated {PJ}. FM, Lockheed (?-USA-AC-F-?-?-?) Not built. FM Wildcat, General Motors (S-USA-AC-F-MN-N-AR1) Grumman {F4F} Wildcat built by General Motors. All Wildcat production was undertaken by the Eastern division of GM from 1943 onwards. The FM-1 was equivalent to the F4F-4. The FM-2 was a lighter version, the XF4F-8, specially developed for escort carriers. Despite the age of the design, the FM-2 was still useful, and below 3000m it actually outperformed more modern fighters such as the {P-51}D or {F6F}-5. Type: FM-2 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Wright R-1820-56 Max. Speed: 534 km/h Ceiling: 10800m Max. Range: 2170km Armament: 4*mg12.7mm FM-1 Airacuda, Bell (I-USA-A-F-MN-N-ILW2) Experimental fighter with two pusher engines. Two 37mm cannon were installed in front of the engine nacelles, controlled by a remote position in the fuselage, but with gunners behind them as back-up and loaders. FM stands for 'Fighter Multiplace' and is an USAAC designation, not an USN designation. The idea was that such aircraft would act as bomber destroyers, but performance was much inferior to that of single-engined, single-seat fighters. 14 built. Type: XFM-1 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 1150hp Allison V-1710-13 Wing Span: 21.33m Length: 14.00m Height: 3.78m Wing Area: 55.74m2 Empty Weight: 6203kg Max.Weight: 8618kg Max. Speed: 432km/h Ceiling: 10600m Max. Range: 4185km Armament: 2*g37mm 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm 20*b13.6kg FN, Seversky (I-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1) Shipboard fighter derived from the {P-35}, for the USN. Only one was built, because the Navy felt that the low-speed handling characteristics of the XFN-1 were unsatisfactory for decklandings. Type: XFN-1 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 950hp Wright R-1820-22 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 7.44m Height: 2.77m Wing Area: 20.44m2 Empty Weight: 1823kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 430km/h Ceiling: Range: 1570km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm FO, Lockheed (P-USA-AV-F-MN-N-T1) Renamed X{FV}, see there. FO, Lockheed FO (S-USA-A-R-N-T-IL2) Some F-5B reconnaisance aircraft, versions of the {P-38}, on loan to the USN. FR Fireball, Ryan (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1&J1) Neat mixed-power naval fighter, with a R-1820 radial in the nose and an I-16 jet engine in the tail. The FR-1 was completely flush-riveted, had a laminar flow wing, and tricycle undercarriage. It was not exceptionally fast, but had a very good climb performance. The FR-1 was too late for participation in WWII, and only 66 were built. They were retired in November 1947, mainly because of a long history of landing gear failures in deck landings. Type: FR-1 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Wright R-1820-72W 1 * 725kg General Electric J31-GE-3 Wing Span: 12.20m Length: 9.86m Height: 3.97m Wing Area: 25.55m2 Empty Weight: 3593kg Max. Weight: 4810kg Max. Speed: 685km/h Ceiling: 13150m Max. Range: 2300km Armament: 4*mg12.7mm FT, Northrop (I-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1) Monoplane shipboard fighter with fixed landing gear, ordered together with the {F7B}. The XFT-1, after modification known as the XFT-2, did little to make monoplanes popular with the US Navy; it was finally declared unairworthy. Type: XFT-1 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 625hp Wright R-1510-26 Wing Span: 9.75m Length: 6.43m Height: 2.87m Wing Area: 16.44m2 Empty Weight: 1120kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 378km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 1570km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm FU, Vought (I-USA-A|AS-F|R-B-N-AR1) Biplane fighter, used as a catapult-launched floatplane based on US cruisers. It was based on the Vought {UO} observation aircraft. They could also be fitted with wheeled undercarriages. Type: FU-1 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Wright Whirlwind Wing Span: 10.46m Length: 8.46m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 26.94m2 Empty Weight: 941kg Max.Weight: 1258kg Speed: 242km/h Ceiling: 8378m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.62mm FV, Vickers-Canada (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1) Designation assigned to {F6F}s built in Canada. This plan did not proceed. FV Vertical Riser, Lockheed (P-USA-AV-F-MN-N-T1) Turboprop-engined tail-sitting VTOL fighter. The XFV-1 was a small aircraft with enormous contra-rotating propellers, a small wing span and X-type tail surfaces, which had small castoring wheels. It was flown as a conventional aircraft, with a fixed temporary undercarriage, because the engine was underdeveloped. Finally it was cancelled because of control problems, before vertical take-off had been attempted. One built. Type: XFV-1 Function: fighter Year: 1954 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4045kW Allison YT40-A-6 Wing Span: 8.63m Length: 11.23m Height: Wing Area: 22.85m2 Empty Weight: 5261kg Max.Weight: 7358kg Max. Speed: 934km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 1.17hrs Armament: (4*g20mm) FV-12, Rockwell (P-USA-AV-F-HS-N-J1) Number 12 in the 'V for VTOL' series. It was an unusual design, with aft-set wings, canards, and wingtip fins. It never managed to fly, but tethered tests were done. After many years, spending a lot of money testing numerous prototypes and experimental aircraft, the US had to accept a British VTOL design, the A{V-8} Harrier. Type: XFV-12A Function: experimental / fighter Year: 1977 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 133.4 kN P&W F401-PW-400 Max. Speed: Mach 2+ Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: FVL-8, Pomilio / Engineering Division (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) This biplane fighter was designed around the Liberty 8 liquid-cooled engine. It was of wooden construction, with plywood fuselage skinning. Six prototypes were built. Type: FVL-8 Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 280hp Liberty 8 Wing Span: 8.13m Length: 6.60m Height: 2.49m Wing Area: 26.38m2 Empty Weight: 783kg Max.Weight: 1036kg Speed: 214km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm FY Pogo, Convair (P-USA-AV-F-LD-N-T1) The XFY was a turboprop-engined tail-sitting VTOL fighter, built as a competitor to the {FV}, and sharing its T40 engine and massive contra-rotating propellers. The fuselage was short and bulbous, the wing of cropped delta planform, the tailfin and ventral fin enormous. The landing gear consisted of four small castoring wheels, and the tips of wings and fins. The XFY-1 was more successful than the XFV-1, and made vertical take-offs and landings, as well as transitions to horizontal flight. The biggest problem of the Pogo was it poor controllability in vertical hover, and landing it was considered dangerous. One built. Type: XFY-1 Function: fighter Year: 1954 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4270kW Allison T40-A-6 Wing Span: 8.43m Length: 10.66m Height: 6.98m Wing Area: 32.98m2 Empty Weight: 5327kg Max.Weight: 7371kg Max. Speed: 982km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 4*g20mm, or 48 2.75in rockets --G--------------------------------------------------------------------------- G-1, Kellet (I-USA-R-R-R3-N-AR1) Autogiro, equivalent to the civilian KD-1. The G-1 had two open cockpits, a radial engine and a three-bladed rotor. Eight were ordered by he USAAC. Type: YG-1A Function: autogiro Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Jacobs R-755-1 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: G-1, Frankfort (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0) The TG-1 was a training glider. G-2, L.W.F. (F-USA-A-FRB-B-N-IL1) Two-seat biplane, intended as heavy fighter, reconaissance aircraft, and bomber. The G-2 carried seven rifle-calibre machine guns: Four synchronized guns in the nose, two in the rear cockpit, and one ventral gun. It was powered by a Liberty V-12 engine, unusually powerful by WWI standards. Flight test was considered successful, but the development was halted when the second prototype crashed, the first (model G) had already been destroyed in late 1917. Type: G-2 Function: fighter/reconaissance/bomber Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 435hp Liberty 12 Wing Span: 12.69m Length: 8.88m Height: 2.86m Wing Area: 47.94m2 Empty Weight: 1213kg Max.Weight: 1825kg Speed: 222km/h Ceiling: Range: 4hrs Armament: 7*mg7.62mm G-2, Schweizer (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0) The TG-2 was used as training glider. G-2, Pitcairn (I-USA-R-?-?-?) Autogiro. Handling was bad, and NACA considered it unsuitable for service use. G-2, Timm (?-USA-AG-C-?-?-0) The Timm AG-2 was an assault glider. G-3, Waco (S-USA-AG-CT-HN-N-0) The Waco CG-3 was a troop carrying glider. It had a crew of 2, and seven seats. Towing speed was 192km/h. Approx 100 built, used mainly as trainers. G-3, Schweizer (S-USA-AG-T-LN-N-0) Schweizer TG-3 training glider. G-4, Waco (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0) The Waco CG-4 was a troop transport glider. It was extensively used on D-day. The CG-4 was a simple shoulder-wing aircraft, the nose of which could swing up for fast unloading. 13900 were built. Type: CG-4 Function: assault glider Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 0 Towing Speed: 200km/h Load: 15 troops; or one jeep plus crew. G-4, Laister-Kaufmann (S-USA-AG-T-MN-N-0) The TG-4A was a training glider. G-5, Aeronca (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0) The TG-5 was a training glider developed from the {L-3}. Type: TG-5 Task: Training glider Year: Crew: Engines: Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: G-6, Taylorcraft (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0) The TG-6 was a training glider developed from the {L-2}. The engine was removed, the fuselage lengthened, and a third seat installed. 250 built. Type: TG-6 Task: Training glider. Year: Crew: 3 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: G-7, Laister-Kaufmann (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0) The XCG-7 was a glider transport, somewhat smaller than the C{G-10} of the same manufacturer. One pilot, seven troops. G-7, Schweizer (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1) Two-seat motorized glider, used as trainer by the Air Force Academy. The TG-7 is a low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction. Type: TG-7 Function: trainer Year: 1982 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 83kZ Lycoming O-235-L2C Wing Span: 18.14m Length: 8.38m Height: 2.37m Wing Area: 18.18m2 Empty Weight: 572kg Max.Weight: 839kg Speed: 183km/h Ceiling: 7315m Range: 963km G-8, Schweizer (M-USA-A-R-N-N|T-AI1|AI2) The US Coast Guard bought two Schweizer Condor motorized gliders, equipped as RG-8 quiet surveillance aircraft for anti-narcotics operations. The RG-8B,a highly modified, twin-boom twin-engined version, was renamed R{U-38}. Type: RG-8A Function: surveillance Year: 1987 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Lycoming IO-540 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: G-8, Piper (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0) The TG-8 was a training glider developed from the {L-4}, but of course without engine. Type: TG-8 Task: Training glider Year: Crew: Engines: Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: G-10, Laister-Kaufmann (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0) The XCG-10A was a large experimental transport glider. I could carry 30 troops or 5 tons. Built of wood. G-13, Waco (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0) The CG-13 was a large glider transport, a development of the C{G-4}. Capable of carrying 42 troops. G-15, Waco (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0) The CG-15 was another development of the C{G-4}. Two pilots, 16 seats, and towing speed of 288km/h. G-16, General Airborne (S-USA-AG-C-HN-T-0) The XCG-16A of 1944 was a flying-wing, twin-boom glider transport aircraft. Two built. Type: XCG-16A Function: transport glider Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 0 * - Wing Span: 28.04m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 8618kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 3635kg, 40 seats G-17, Douglas (S-USA-AG-T-LN-N-0) The XCG-17 was a glider verion of the {C-47}, intended to be towed by a {C-54}. Towing speed was 464km/h, and it could carry 6356kg or 40 troops. One built. G-18 (P-USA-AG-C-?-?-0) The CG-18 was a transport glider. 1946. G-20, Chase (P-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0) The XCG-20 was a transport glider, precursor of the {C-123}. Two built. GA-1, Boeing (I-USA-A-A-T-N-ILBP2) A large, heavily armoured triplane, intended to attack the infantry with gunfire. Severely underpowered. Ten built. Type: GA-1 Function: attack Year: 1921 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 320kW Liberty 12A Speed: 85mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: 8*mg7.62mm 1*g37mm GA-2, Boeing (I-USA-A-A-B-N-IL1) Intended for the same purpose as the {GA-1}, but a much smaller single-engined biplane. Two built. Type: GA-2 Function: attack Year: 1921 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 550kW Engineering Division W-18 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 5*mg12.7mm 1*g37mm 2*mg7.62mm GB Traveller, Beech (I-USA-A-TU-B-N-AR1) Navy version of the U{C-43}. GH Nightingale, Howard (S-USA-A-UC-HN-N-AR1) Transport / ambulance aircraft developed from the civil DGA-15/16 transport. This was itself a development of the DGA-6 "Mr. Mulligan", winner in the Thompson and Bendix races of 1935. The DGA-15 was also used as U{C-70} and {NH}. Type: GH-1 Function: transport / ambulance Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-2 Speed: 265km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 1130km Freight: 3 seats GK, Fairchild (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1|AR1) Navy version of the U{C-61}. GMB, Martin (F-USA-A-B-B-N-ILB2) First post-war twin-engined USAF bomber, the Martin MB-1. The MB-1 was a biplane of wooden construction, with good performance. Due to the end of WWII, the production was very limited. Just ten MB-1s were built, in different versions: Four observation aircraft, three bombers, one long-range bomber ({GMT}), a cannon- armed bomber ({GMC}) and a transport ({GMP}). Type: GMB Function: bomber Year: 1918 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 295kW Liberty 12A Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 3140m Range: 630km Armament: 5*mg, 470kg GMC, Martin (F-USA-A-B-B-N-ILB2) For 'Glenn Martin Cannon', a {GMB} with a 37mm cannon in the nose. One built. GMP, Martin (F-USA-A-C-B-N-ILB2) For 'Glenn Martin Passenger', a transport version of the {GMB}. Renamed T-1. One built. GMT, Martin (F-USA-A-B-B-N-ILB2) For 'Glenn Martin Transcontinental', a long range version of the {GMB}. One built. GS, Curtiss (F-USA-AS-F-T|B-N-AR1) The GS (for 'Gnome Scout') was a floatplane, developed as a single-engined, single-seat fighter for the US Navy. The single GS-1 built was of triplane configuration, the five GS-2s were of biplane configuration. The engine was an US-built version of the French Gnome rotary. They were delivered in 1918, but pilot's reports on them were generally unfavourable. GV Hercules, Lockheed (M-USA-A-C-HN-N-TW4) Early navy designation for {C-130}. --H--------------------------------------------------------------------------- H, Curtiss (F-USA-AF-P-B-N-ILB2) The original Curtiss 'America' was built for a transatlantic flight. WWI intervened, and it was not until after the war that the Atlantic would be crossed. But the H-series (H-4, H-6, H-12, H-16 ) was much used during the war. They were biplane flying boats. In Britain, Felixstowe built a series of flying boats which were essentially Curtiss Hs with a redesigned fuselage. Type: H-12 Task: patrol flying boat Year: 1917 Crew: Engines: 2 * 330hp Liberty 12 Max. Speed: 137km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 3*mg, 108kg H-1 Hueycobra, Bell (P-USA-H-A-R2-N-T1|T2) The AH-1, Bell model 209, was the first true gunship helicopter. It was a derivative of the U{H-1} "Huey", with the same engine and rotor system, but a new forward fuselage. The AH-1 was rushed into service during the Vietnam war, and it became the standard US attack helicopter. Later versions had T400 twin-pack engines, or two T700 engines as used in the H-60. While the AH-1 was replaced in the US Army, improved versions still serve in the USMC, and other users include Israel, Japan, Pakistan, Iran, and South Korea. Currently plans are being made for a major upgrade, with a four-bladed bearingless rotor. Type: AH-1G Function: attack Year: 1967 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1810kW Lycoming T53-L-13 Speed: 277km/h Ceiling: 3470m Range: 570km Load: 2*mg7.62mm or 2*gl40mm 4 points Type: AH-1S Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1343kW Lycoming T53-703 Rotor Span: 13.41m Length: Height: 14.2m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 2939kg Max.Weight: 4535kg Speed: 333km/h Ceiling: Range: 510km Armament: 1*g20mm H-1 Iroquois, Bell (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|T2) The UH-1, better known as "Huey", has been the standard US tactical transport helicopter for a long time. The early models were not very effective in Vietnam, but improvements produced a versatile and reliable aircraft. There were also EH-1 electronic warfare TH-1 trainer, and VH-1 VIP transport versions. The flexible design has been adapted to use a number of different engines, apart from the original T53, and the model 212 (UH-1N) started a line of twin-engined derivatives. The fuselage has also been stretched considerably. The UH-1 is now being replaced by the {H-60} in some roles, but upgrading of remaining UH-1s with T700 or T800 engines is being considered, possible with the same dynamics as planned for the upgraded A{H-1}. Over 60 countries use the UH-1 or its derivatives. Type: UH-1H Function: utility Year: 1967 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1044kW Lycoming T53-L-13 Rotor Span: 14.63m Length: 17.4m Height: 4.42m Disc Area: 168m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 4310kg Speed: 204km/h Ceiling: 3840m Range: 510km Load: 11 to 14 seats, or 1759kg H-2, Bell (P-USA-H-X-R2-N-T1) RH-2 for 'Research Helicopter'. A version of the U{H-1} for instrument tests. H-2 Seasprite, Kaman (M-USA-H-ACU-R4-N-T1|T2) The Kaman H-2 is a compact all-weather helicopter for the US Navy. It was built as transport (UH-2), ASW helicopter (SH-2) and rescue (HH-2) helicopter. It first flew in 1959, and the production line was reopened in 1981. From 1967 onwards they were converted to have two T700 engines instead of a single T58. In 1992 the USN ordered the conversion of 24 to SH-2G standard, with new engines and rotor blades. A lot of USN ships have one or two SH-2s on board. Budget cuts have strongly reduced the numbers of SH-2s in service, although the H-60 is too large to replace it completely. Type: SH-2F Function: ASW Year: 1987 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1007kW G.E. T700-GE-8F Rotor Span: 13.41m Length: 16.03m Height: 4.72m Disc Area: 141.25m2 Empty Weight: 3193kg Max.Weight: 5805kg Speed: 265km/h Ceiling: 6880m Range: 680km Load: H-2, Standard (F-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Biplane trainer, powered by a 93hp Hall-Scott A-5 engine. The Signal corps ordered some of these three-seat aircraft in 1916. H-3 Sea King, Sikorsky (M-USA-H-U|A-R5-N-T2) The Sikorsky S-61, a large, versatile twin-engined helicopter. It has been built in versions for Search & Rescue (HH-3), ASW (SH-3), tactical transport (CH-3), mine sweeping (RH-3), VIP transport (VH-3), special operations (MH-3), and commercial transport helicopter. Westland built many derivatives as the {Sea King} and the {Commando}, and it was also built by Mitsubishi and Agusta. There are two basic models: The original S-61 with a waterthight float bottom, and the enlongated model with a rear loading ramp. Type: SH-3D Function: ASW Year: 1966 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1044kW G.E. T58-GE-10 Rotor Span: 18.90m Length: 16.69m Height: 5.13m Disc Area: 280.5m2 Empty Weight: 5382kg Max.Weight: 9752kg Speed: 267km/h Ceiling: 4480m Range: 1005km Load: 381kg b,t,msl. H-3, Standard (F-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Improved version of the Standard {H-2}. Nine built. H-4, Bell (P-USA-H-R?-?-?-?) The OH-4, Bell model 206, was designed as a light observation helicopter. The O{H-6} was selected. 1962. H-4H, Standard (F-USA-AS-T-B-N-IL1) Seaplane version of the Standard {H-3} for the USN. Three built. H-5, Sikorsky (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AR1) Formerly {R-5}, the Sikorsky S-51. Type : H-5F Function: utility Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W R-985 Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 4270m Range: 420km Load: 3 seats. H-5, Hiller (P-USA-H-R-R?-?-?) The OH-5 was designed as a light observation helicopter for the Army. It lost the competition to the O{H-6}. Appeared later on the civil market as the FH-1100. H-6 Cayuse, Hughes (P-USA-H-ARU-R3-P-T1) A small and agile helicopter with a distinctive teardrop shape. The OH-6 Cayuse was used by the US Army in Vietnam for observation duties. Also known as the 'Loach'. The AH-6 and MH-6 versions are known as 'Defender'; only 20 or so of these are in service with special units. Type: OH-6A Function: observation Year: 1966 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 263kW Allison T63-A-5A Rotor Span: 8.03m Length: 9.24m Height: 2.48m Wing Area: 50.60m2 Empty Weight: 524kg Max.Weight: 1225kg Speed: 274km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 610km Load: 1*mg H-10, Kellett (S-USA-H-U-2R2-N-AI1) See {R-10}. The H-10A production version was never ordered. H-12, Hiller (P-USA-H-U-R2-P-AI1) One of the more successful small helicopters. The basic design dates back to the 1950s, but deliveries of the light UH-12 helicopter were resumed in 1986! Type: UH-12 Function: utility Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 228kW Lycoming VO-540 Speed: 154km/h Ceiling: 4940m Range: 676km/h Load: 2 seats H-13, Bell (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|AR1) The Bell model 47. The model 47 was the first certified civil helicopter; the military H-13 model proved the military usefulness of the helicopter in the Korean war. The H-13 also served in the US Navy, as the {HTL} trainer helicopter. It was license-built by Agusta in Italy and Westland in the UK. In its most familair form, the steel-tube tail structure of the Bell 47 is uncovered and the crew sit under a large plexiglass 'bubble'. But there are also configurations with more faired in fuselages. Type: 47G Function: observation Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 167kW Franklin 6VS-335 Rotor Span: 11.36m Length: 8.71m Height: 2.84m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 698kg Max.Weight: 1157kg Speed: 177km/h Ceiling: 7010m Range: 380km Load: 2 seats H-15, Kellett (P-USA-H-X-R?-?-K?) The XH-15 was an experimental helicopter. The rotor was driven by Reaction Motors XLR-32 rocket engines on the tips. It flew in 1954. H-16, Piasecki (P-USA-A-C-2R?-N-AR2|T2) Large tandem-rotor helicopter. First with two 2100hp P&W radial engines, later reengined with Allison YT38-A-3 turbines. Type: YH-16 Function: transport Year: 1953 Crew: Engines: 2 * P&W R-2180-11 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 40 seats H-17, Kellett-Hughes (P-USA-H-C-R3-N-J1) One built. At 19960kg, the XH-17 was more than twice as heavy than any contemporary helicopter. It was a 'skycrane', with four long long legs that enabled it to straddle bulky cargoes. The exhaust of the J35 engine was directed to the rotor tips. Type: XH-17 Function: transport Year: 1952 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * G.E. J35 Rotor Span: 130ft Length: Height: 30ft Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 46000lb Speed: Ceiling: Range: 65km Load: 25000lbs7 H-18, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-U-R?-?-?|T1) Four-place development of the Sikorsky S-52. The YH-18 with an 245hp engine was underpowered. The YH-18B had a 280hp Turbomeca Artouste turbine engine. H-19 Chikasaw, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-UC-R3-P-AR1|T1) The Sikorsky S-55, once a very widespread helicopter type. Some are still flying, some equipped with turbine engines. The H-19 had a radial engine fitted in the bulbous nose, behind clamm-shell doors. The fuselage was deep and box-like, with the cocpit high on top above the spacious cabin. The H-19 was used by the USAF, the USN, the USMC and the USCG --- the Navy designations were {HO4S} and {HRS}. It was licence-built by the British Westland as the {Whirlwind}. Type: UH-19B Function: utility Year: 1951 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 800hp Wright R-1300-3 Rotor Span: 16.15m Length: 12.88m Height: 4.06m Disc Area: 204.94m2 Empty Weight: 2381kg Max.Weight: 3583kg Speed: 180km/h at SL Ceiling: Range: 720km Load: 10 seats H-20 Hughes XH-20 Little Henry (P-USA-H-X-R2-N-J2) One built. The XH-20 was powered by ramjets at the rotor tips. It was no more than a steel tube frame with an open seat for the pilot, a rudder and fuel tanks. Type: 1947 Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: H-21 Work Horse, Boeing-Vertol (M-USA-H-C-2R4-N-AR1) Development of {HRP} tandem rotor helicopter for the USAF. The H-21 had a high upswept tail, to lift the aft rotor above the front rotor. Over 500 were built. Type: H-21C Function: transport Year: 1952 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1050kW Wright R-1820-103 Rotor Span: 13.41m Length: 26.31m Height: 4.70m Disc Area:282.52m2 Empty Weight: 3629kg Max.Weight: 6668kg Speed: 211km/h Ceiling: 2360m Range: 640km Load: 20 seats, 2130kg H-23 Raven, Hiller (P-USA-H-U-R2-P-AI1) Development of the {H-12}. Around 2000 of this small heli were built. Type: 0H-23D Function: observation / utility Year: 1946 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 241kW Lycoming VO-435-A1C Rotor Span: 10.82m Length: 8.53m Height: 2.97m Disc Area: 92.47m2 Empty Weight: 824kg Max. Weight: 1225kg Speed: 153km/h Ceiling: 4020m Range: 320km Load: 2 seats H-25 Army Mule, Boeing-Vertol (M-USA-H-C-2R3-N-AR1) US Army version of the {HUP}, see there. H-26 Jet Jeep, American Helicopter (P-USA-H-U-R?-?-J2) Single-seat, collapsible helicopter powered by pulse jets on the rotor tips. Type: XH-26 Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 16kg Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: 170km Load: H-28, Enstrom (M-USA-H-T-R?-?-T1) The TH-28 was a modified Enstrom model 280 as trainer for the US Army, intended to replace the UH-1 in the training role. The Bell 206B JetRanger III was chosen instead. Type: TH-28 Function: trainer Year: 1988 Crew: Engines: 1 * 313kW Allison 250-C20B Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: H-28, Hughes (P-USA-H-C-R?-?-?) Project only. Development of the X{H-17}. Designed maximum weight was 47627kg H-32, Hiller (P-USA-H-?-R2-P-?1&J2) Only 17 built. Prototype flew in 1952. The H-32 had a small engine to bring the rotor to speed; then small ramjets at the tips of the two-bladed rotor were ignited. Type: YH-32 Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * kW 2 * kN Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: H-34 Choctaw, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-UC-R4-N-AR1) The Sikorsky S-58 was a very successful general-duty helicopter. The radial engine was fitted in the nose as in the {H-19}, but the fuselage was more streamlined: the box-and-boom design of the H-19 was replaced by a simply tapering structure, the aft end of which could be folded. The type was known as {HSS} or {HUS} in USN and USMC service, and was license-built by Westland as the {Wessex} (with a turbine engine). The S-58 also pioneered airline helicopter operations. Some are still flying, often converted with turbine engines. 2261 were built. Type: UH-34D Function: utility Year: 1955 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1120kW Wright R-1820 Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 3660m Range: 400km Load: 18 seats H-35, McDonnell (P-USA-AV-X-R3&HN-T-AR1) Renamed V-1. H-37 Mojave, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-C-R5-N-AR2) Large and ugly piston-engined transport helicopter, the first twin-engined design of Sikorsky. The radial engines were installed in nacelles at the ends of high-set stub wings, which also contained the retractable landing gear. The H-37 was also ordered by the USN as the {HR2S}, including an HR2S-1W early-warning radar version. Type: CH-37A Function: transport Year: 1955 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1545kW P&W R-2800 Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 2650m Range: 320km Load: 33 seats, 4536kg H-39, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-U-R?-?-?|T1) The XH-39 was a modified YH-18B. One set a world altitude record for rotorcraft: 7468m, in 1954. H-40, Bell (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|T2) The XH-40 was renamed {HU-1}, then U{H-1}. H-41 Seneca, Cessna (P-USA-H-U-R?-N-?1) Utility heli. The YH-41 was a small aircraft with a nose-mounted engine and a cabin similar to that of the Cessna monoplanes. 29 were built between 1954 and 1962, including a number of {CH-1}s for the US Army. Cessna soon decided to abandon the helicopter business. H-43 Huskie, Kaman (P-USA-H-U-2R2-P-AR1|T1) The HH-43, with its intermeshing twin rotors, was the standard rescue helicopter at USAF airfields. It was also used by the USN (also known as {HUK}) and USMC (as {HOK}). The HH-43 was slow, but very reliable. It was not suitable for rescue missions under enemy fire, but because nothing better was available the armoured and armed HH-43F was briefly used as such in Vietnam. From the HH-43B model onwards T53 turboshaft engine replaced the P&W R-1340 radial. Type: HH-43B Function: SAR Year: 1958 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 640kW Lycoming T53-L-1B Speed: 193km/h Ceiling: 7620m Range: 445km Load: 1760kg H-44, Hiller (P-USA-H-?-R?-?-?) The XH-44 was a coaxial rotor helicopter. 1944. H-46 Sea Knight, Boeing-Vertol (P-USA-H-C-2R3-N-T2) Tandem-rotor transport and utility helicopter for the USMC and USN. The two turboshaft engines are fitted on the aft rotor pylon; the fuselage is watertight and compartimented, with a large aft loading door. In service as UH-46 and CH-46 transport and HH-46 rescue helicopter with the USN and the USMC. Very similar to the C{H-47} in general layout, because the CH-47 is in fact a larger development of the CH-46. Currently built by Kawasaki as the KV-107. Type: CH-46A Function: transport Year: 1964 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * kW G.E. T58 Rotor Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 253km/h Ceiling: 3960m Range: 370km Load: 25 seats H-47 Chinook, Boeing-Vertol (M-USA-H-C-2R3-N-T2) The standard US Army medium transport helicopter. A 'banana' design with fore and aft rotors, and a loading ramp in the tail. Large underslung loads are also carried, including large guns or downed aircraft --- CH-47s saved a lot of hardware. There is also an MH-47 version for the special forces, equipped with a refuelling probe. Type: CH-47C Function: transport Year: 1968 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2760kW Lycoming T55-L-11C Rotor Span: 18.29m Length: 30.18m Height: 5.68m Disc Area: 2 * 262.67m2 Empty Weight: 9736kg Max.Weight: 17463kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 3100m Range: 2140km Load: 8440kg (internal), 10528kg (max), 33 seats H-48, Bell (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-?) Model 204B, used as 'missile site support' helicopter. H-50 Gyrodyne (P-USA-H-A-R?-?-T1) An unmanned ASW helicopter, built in 1960. The USN bought more than 300. The Gyrodyne carried two torpedos. Type: QH-50 Function: ASW Year: 1962 Crew: 0 Engines: 1 * 270hp Boeing T-50 Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: H-51, Lockheed (P-USA-H-X-R4-N-T1|T1&J1) Three built. The H-51 set a few records. The XH-51 was a compound-heli, i.e. with an additional jet engine on a stub wing. Type: XH-51N Function: experimental Year: 1962 Crew: Engines: 1 * P&W C T74 1 * 1180kg P&W Speed: 437km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: H-52, Sikorksy (P-USA-H-UC-R3-P-T1) Rescue helicopter used by the US Coast Guard, a derivation of of the {H-19}. The rotor and transmission were retained, but in a new fuselage with a boat hull, and a turboshaft engine was used. Type: HH-52A Function: SAR Year: 1962 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1250hp G.E. T58-GE-8 Rotor Span: 16.15m Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 3410m Range: 763km Load: 12 seats, 1450kg H-53 Stallion / Super Stallion, Sikorsky (M-USA-H-U-R6|R7-N-T2|T3) The most powerful western helicopter. It is easily recognized by its boxlike fuselage, large sponsons and inclined tail rotor pylon. The CH-53 Stallion is a transport; the MH-53 Sea Dragon is used for minesweeping, the HH-53 Super Jolly Green Giant is a rescue helicopter. The H-53 is not without technical problems; The attempt to free US hostages from the embassy in Teheran was abandoned after three out of eight RH-53s became unflyable! There are two versions, the 'Stallion', which is twin-engined with a six-bladed rotor; and the 'Super Stallion', three-engined with a seven-bladed rotor. Type: CH-53E Function: transport Year: 1975 Crew: 3 Engines: 3 * 3266kW G.E. T64-GE-416 Rotor Span: 24.08m Length: 30.18m Height: 8.66m Disc Area: 455.36m2 Empty Weight: 15071kg Max.Weight: 33340kg Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: 5640m Range: 2075km Load: 55 seats, max. 16330kg H-54 Tarhe, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-UC-R6-P-T2) This is the typical S-64 'Skycrane' helicopter, with a thin flatbottomed fuselage on very high wheel legs, with the cockpit slung under the main structure at front. This concept allowed for the carriage of a container behind the cockpit. The CH-54 was also used in Vietnam to retrieve 380 downed aircraft. The US Army bought 97, which were later replaced by the less powerful but more flexible CH-47. Type: CH-54B Function: transport / crane Year: 1964 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 3580kW P&W T73-700 Rotor Span: 21.95m Length: 21.41m Height: 5.67m Disc Area: 378.1m2 Empty Weight: 8981kg Max.Weight: 21318kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 410km Load: 9100kg H-55 Osage, Hughes (P-USA-H-T-R3-P-AI1) Small training helicopter, the Hughes 269A-1. The TH-55 has a simple sferical cabin, a tubular tail boom, and a three-bladed rotor. 792 were built, civil production not included. Type: TH-55A Function: trainer Year: 1961 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 134kW Lycoming HIO-360-B1A Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 3625m Range: 328km Load: 45kg H-56 Cheyenne, Lockheed (P-USA-H-A-R4-N-T1) The complicated AH-56 anti-tank heli was rejected. Only 11 were built, and the procurement of a new attack heli was postponed until the A{H-64} came available. The AH-56 had an additional pusher prop on the tail. Type: AH-56A Function: attack Year: 1967 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2528kW G.E. T64-GE-16 Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 1400km Load: 1 * g30mm, 1 * mg7.62mm, 900kg b,r,msl H-57 Sea Ranger, Bell (M-USA-H-U|T-R2-N-T1) Bell model 206 Jet Ranger, used by the USN as trainer. Type: TH-57 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 317hp Allison 250-C18A Speed: 241km/h Ceiling: 5180m Range: 630km Load: 3 seats OH-58 Kiowa, Bell (M-USA-H-RA-R2-N-T1) Standard US Army scout helicopter, developed from the model 206 JetRanger. The OH-58D was selected to replace the earlier OH-58A. There is also an armed version, unofficially known as the AH-58 Warrior. Type: OH-58A Function: observation Year: 1969 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 237kW Allison T63-A-700 Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: 5760m Range: 490km Load: 2 seats, 1*mg7.62mm H-59, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-X-2R3-N-T1&J2) Two built. The XH-59A was built to test the ABC rotor system, consisting of two three-blade, coaxial counter-rotating rotors. Type: XH-59A Function: experimental Year: 1973 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1360kW P&WC PT6T-3 2 * 1360kg P&W J60-P-3A Rotor Span: Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 488km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: H-60, Sikorsky (M-USA-H-U|A-R4-N-T2) The H-60 was developed to replace the U{H-1} as tactical transport helicopter. It has been developed into a wide range of models, including the UH-60 Black Hawk, EH-60, MH-60 Pave Hawk, CH-60, VH-60, SH-60 Seahawk, and HH-60 Jayhawk. The UH-60 is a compact design, because a requirement was that it had to fit in the hold of a {C-130}. It has large sliding doors for easy entry, and can carry larger loads than the UH-1. Survivability, reliability and easy maintenance were also required, and the UH-60 has lived up to expectations. A heavily armed version, the AH-60, is in service since 1990 but was kept classified until recently. Type: UH-60A Function: utility Year: 1980 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1130kW G.E. T700-GE-700 Rotor Span: 16.36m Length: 19.76m Height: 5.13m Disc Area: 210.05m2 Empty Weight: 4819kg Max.Weight: 9185kg Speed: 296km/h Ceiling: 5790m Range: 600km Load: 11 seats, 4500kg on external hardpoints. H-61, Boeing-Vertol (M-USA-H-U-R?-N-T2) Boeing design competing with the U{H-60}. Three built. Type: YUH-61 Function: utility Year: 1974 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1146kW G.E. T700-GE-700 Wing Span: 14.93m Length: 18.13m Height: 4.63m Disc Area: 175.19m2 Empty Weight: 4302kg Max.Weight: 8481kg Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: Range: 964km Load: 11 seats, 4500kg H-62, Boeing (M-USA-H-C-?R?-?-T3) Heavy-lift helicopter. Cancelled. The XCH-62 was to be powered by three 5945kW Allison T701 engines. H-63, Bell (M-USA-H-A-R?-?-T2) The YAH-63 attack heli lost the competition with the A{H-64}. Type: YAH-63 Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1130kW G.E. T700 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 1 * g30mm, b,r,msl H-64 Apache, Hughes (M-USA-H-A-R4-N-T2) Attack helicopter now in service with the US Army. The Apache is a relatively big helicopter with tandem seating. It is armed with the M230 Chain Gun and up to sixteen AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missiles. The AH-64D Longbow Apache can have a rotor-mast mounted millimetre-wave radar, and actively-homing Hellfire missiles. The AH-64D without this radar would originally be named AH-64C, but the US Army decided that the cost of printing separate documentation is too high, and renamed it also AH-64D. The WAH-64D for the British Army, built by Westland, is powered by R.R.-Turbomeca RTM322 engines. Type: AH-64A Function: attack Year: 1986 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1265kW G.E. T700-GE-701 Speed: 296km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 1700km Load: 1 * g30mm, 701kg msl,r Type: AH-64D Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1265kW G.E. T700-GE-701C Rotor Diameter: 14.63m Length: 17.73m Height: 4.95m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 5352kg Max.Weight: 10107kg Speed: 264km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g30mm H-65 Dauphin, Aerospatiale (M-USA-H-U-R-N-T2) The US Coast Guard selected the Aerospatiale SA366 Dauphin 2 for its requirement for a short-range rescue helicopter. Because of the 'Buy American Act', the HH-65 uses 60% US equipment, including the LTS101 engines, which are both less powerful and less reliable than the original Turbomeca Arriel. The HH-65 has a performance inferior to that of the original helicopter. However, plans to reengine with T-800 engines were abandoned when the LTS-101 was brought to an acceptable standard of reliability. Type: HH-65 Function: SAR Year: 1982 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 507kW Textron Lycoming LTS101-750A-1 Rotor Diameter: 11.94m Length: 13.68m Height: 3.98mm Disc Area: 111.97m2 Empty Weight: 2720kg Max.Weight: 4050kg Speed: 257km/h Ceiling: Range: 760km Load: H-66 Comanche, Boeing-Sikorsky (M-USA-H-A-R?-N-T2) The new recce/attack helicopter of the US Army, selected under the LHX program. RAH-66 is a two-seater, built of composite materials. Stealth characteristics are achieved by retractable undercarriage and weapons stubs, an angular shape and engine exhaust slots under the fuselage. The propeller hub is entirely covered, and the tail rotor is a ducted fan. First prototype was rolled out in May 1995, with first flight expected in November. Type: RAH-66A Function: reconaissance / attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 895kW T800-LHT-801 Rotor Span: 11.90m Length: 14.28m Height: 3.39m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 3533kg Max.Weight: 7869kg Speed: 328km/h Ceiling: Range: 2335km Armament: 1*g20mm H-67 Creek, Bell (M-USA-H-T-R2-N-?) The Bell model 206B JetRanger III was selected by the US Army as the TH-67 training helicopter. HA, Curtiss HA (F-USA-AS-F-B-N-IL1) Fighter floatplane, developed for the USN. The HA had a deep, clean by rotund fuselage, that filled the gap between the lower and upper wing completely. It had a single main float, and small stabilising floats at the wingtips. The first prototype had bad handling characteristics, and crashed. It was rebuilt as the HA-1, together with a similar second aircraft, which was considerably better. The third aircraft was the HA-2, which had the wing raised to well above the fuselage. Performance was still insufficient. Type: HA-1 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 425hp Liberty 12 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 9.37m Height: 3.23m Wing Area: 35.95m2 Empty Weight: 1111kg Max.Weight: 1634kg Max. Speed: 203km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm Have Blue, Lockheed Martin The two Have Blue technology demonstrators were the precursors of the stealthy {F-117}. Have Blue was smaller and had much more wing sweep than the F-117. The fins were canted inward. Both aircraft were lost in crashes. Type: Have Blue Function: experimental Year: 1977 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * G.E. J85 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: HB-1, Huff-Daland (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1) Single engined 'heavy' bomber. HB-2, Fokker-Atlantic (I-USA-A-B-?N-?-IL2) Project for a twin-engine monoplane bomber with 787hp Packard 2A-2450 engines. Cancelled. HB-3, Huff-Daland (I-USA-A-B-?N-?-IL2) Projected monoplane heavy bomber, with two 787hp Packard 2A-2450 engines. Cancelled. HC-1, Boeing-Vertol (P-USA-H-C-2R3-N-T2) Renamed C{H-46} (YHC-1A) or C{H-47} (YHC-1B). HCH, McDonnell (P-USA-H-C-R3-?-J3) The HCH-1 was a non-compound version of the {HRH}, 1953. It was intended as tactical transport. The HCH-1 had a three-bladed rotor with tipjets. HE, Piper (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1) Ambulance version of the {L-4} for the USN. The HE was equivalent to the Piper J-5C. They were later renamed to AE, when the letter H was being used for helicopters. The rear fuselage decking of the HE could be opened to accomodate someone on a stretcher. Heinrich Pursuit (F-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1) Single-seat biplane fighter, developed in the USA during WWI. The Heinrich was a clean biplane fighter, powered by a relatively light engine. At the time the US Army preferred to equip its fighter units with easily available and well-tested foreign fighters. Three built. Type: Heinrich Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Wing Span: 7.92m Length: Height: Wing Area: 15.09m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 560kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: HJD Wirraway, McDonnell (P-USA-H-U-2R3&HN-N-ARW2) The HJD had its rotors on the tips of a large wing; the engines were fitted in nacelles on the mid wing. It was the world's first twin-engined helicopter. One built. Type: XHJD-1 Function: utility Year: 1946 Crew: Engines: 2 * 336kW P&W R-985 Wasp Junior Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: 10 seats HJP, Piasecki (M-USA-H-C-2R3-N-AR1) See {HUP}. HJS, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-?-R?-?-?) Sikorsky S-53. No production. HN, Huff-Daland (P-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1|AR1) Two seat biplane trainer. 134kW Wright-Hispano E-2 (HN-1) or 149kW Lawrence J-1 (HN-2). Six built. HNS, Vought-Sikorsky (S-USA-H-TU-R3-N-AR1) Navy version of the {R-4} Hoverfly. HO, Huff-Daland (P-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1|AR1) Observation biplane developed from the {HN}. Three built. HO-1, Hiller (P-USA-V-X-*-*-?) Renamed {VZ-1}. HO-1 Djinn, Sud-Aviation (P-F-H-U-R2-P-T1) French observation helicopter. It was a light helicopter, built in quantity for military and civil customers. A tubular frame was fitted with a cabin and a gas turbine compressor for 'cold' compressed-air tipjets; this eliminated the need for a tail rotor. 178 were built, three were bought by the USN as YHO-1. Type: SO 1221 Djinn Function: utility Year: 1954 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Turbomeca Palouste IV Rotor Span: 11.00m Length: 5.30m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 360kg Max.Weight: 800kg Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: 112mls HO-2, Hughes (P-USA-H-R-R3-P-AI1) Observation helicopter, the Hughes 269A. No production in HO-2 form, but the 269A was a succes in other versions, including the T{H-55} training helicopter. HO2S, Sikorsky (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AR1) Navy version of the {R-5}. HO-3, Brantly (P-USA-H-R-R?-?-?) Observation helicopter. HO3S, Sikorsky (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AR1) Navy version of the {H-5}. HO-4, Bell (M-USA-H-RA-R2-N-T1) Renamed O{H-58}. HO4S, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-UC-R3-P-AR1) Navy designation of the {H-19}. HO-5, Hiller (P-USA-H-R-R?-?-?) Military version of the Hiller FH-1100, as observation helicopter. Not ordered. HO5S, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-U-R3-P-AI1) Small single-engined helicopter, used in small numbers by the USMC and USCG. Type: HO5S-1 Function: utility Year: 1952 Crew: Engines: 1 * 183kW Franklin O-425-1 Rotor Span: 10.06m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1225kg Speed: 117km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: HO-6, Hughes (P-USA-H-ARU-R3-P-T1) Renamed O{H-6}. HOE, Hiller (P-USA-H-?-R2-P-?1&J2) Navy version of the {H-32}. The navy bought three of them. HOK, Kaman (P-USA-H-TU-2R2-P-AI1) Larger development of the {HTK} as liason helicopter. The USAF version is the H{H-43}. HOS, Sikorsky (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AI1) Navy version of the {R-6}. HPS, Handley Page (I-GB-AC-F-LN-N-AR1) Single-seat shipboard monoplane fighter, and advanced design developed for the the US Navy by the British Handley Page company, best known for its large bomber aircraft. The HPS-1 (or H.P.21) was of wooden construction, with cantilever wings but fixed landing gear and an open cockpit. The HPS-1 demonstrated directional unstability and a weak undercarriage, and the contract was cancelled. Two built. Type: HPS-1 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 230hp Bentley B.R.2 Wing Span: 8.91m Length: 6.55m Height: 2.92m Wing Area: 10.64m2 Empty Weight: 599kg Max.Weight: 921kg Speed: 233km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 3hrs Armament: 2*mg7.62mm HR2S,Sikorsky (P-USA-H-C-R5-N-AR2) Renamed {H-37}. There was also an AEW version of the HR2S. The entire forward lower fuselage of the HR2S-1W was a radome for the APS-20 radar. Type: XHR2S-1 Function: SAR / transport Year: 1953 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1400kW P&W R-2800-50 Speed: 196km/h Ceiling: Range: 350km Load: Type: HR2S-1W Task: AEW helicopter Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1900hp P&W R-2800-50 Max. Speed: 122mph Ceiling: Max. Range: 220mls Armament: HRB, Boeing-Vertol (P-USA-H-C-2R3-N-T2) Renamed {H-46}. HRH, McDonnell (P-USA-H-C-R?-?-?) Project only. Assault helicopter for the USMC. Compound helicopter with the rotor driven by tipjets. 30 seats. 1953. HRP, Piasecki (M-USA-H-C-2R4-N-AR1) The 'flying banana' was the first heli with tandem (fore and aft) rotors, in this case driven by a single engine in the tail. The HRP-2 model was much improved in comparison with the original HRP-1. Type: HRP-1 Year: 1943 Crew: Engines: 1 * 600hp P&W R-1340 Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: 10 seats Type: HRP-2 Year: 1948 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 440kW P&W R-1340 Speed: 168km/h Ceiling: Range: 480km Load: 10 seats HRS, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-UC-R3-P-AR1) USMC version of the {H-19} / {HO4S}. HS, Curtiss (?-USA-AF-R-?-?-IL?1) Patrol flying boat. Type: HS-1L Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: 2/3 Engines: 1 * Liberty Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 2 * 80kg depth charge HSL, Bell (P-USA-H-A-2R2-N-AR1) ASW helicopter with fore and aft rotors. Type: HSL-1 Function: ASW Year: 1955 Crew: Engines: 1 * 1765kW P&W R-2800-50 Speed: 222km/h Ceiling: Range: 560km Load: HSS Seabat, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-UC-R4-N-AR1) Renamed {H-34}. HT-2, Burgess (F-USA-AS-F-B-N-IL1) Improved version of the {HT-B}, see there. HT-B, Burgess (F-USA-AS-F-B-N-IL1) Single-seat biplane fighter on floats, developed for the US Navy during WWI. The HT-B was a well-designed, but underpowered aircraft. Two were built, and six of the improved {HT-2}. Type: HT-2 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Curtiss OXX-2 Wing Span: 10.46m Length: 6.87m Height: 3.28m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 137km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.0hrs Armament: 1*mg7.62mm HTE, Hiller (P-USA-H-U-R2-P-AI1) Navy designation of the {H-23}. HTK, Kaman (P-USA-H-TU-2R2-P-AI1) Trainer and utility helicopter with intermeshing rotors. The HTK was, after initial problems were cured, too easy to fly to be good trainer. They were also widely used as utility aircraft, and one became the first remotely-piloted helicopter. Type: HTK-1 Function: trainer / utility Year: 1952 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 240hp Lycoming O-435 Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: 4420m Range: Load: HTL, Bell (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|AR1) US Navy designation of the {H-13}, the Bell model 47. HU-1, Bell (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|T2) Renamed U{H-1}. This designation is the origin of the nickname "Huey". HU2K, Kaman (M-USA-H-ACU-R4-N-T1|T2) Renamed {H-2}. HUK, Kaman (P-USA-H-TU-2R2-P-AI1) USMC version of the {HOK}. HUL, Bell (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|AR1) Bell model 47J, also known as {H-13}J, a four-seat version of the Bell model 47. 240hp Lycoming VO-435 engine. HUP Retriever, Piasecki (P-USA-H-U-2R3-N-AR1) Tandem-rotor helicopter. It was designend as a shipboard rescue and utility helicopter. The rotors overlapped, so that it would fit in a carrier elevator with blades unfolded. 339 were built. Type: HUP-3 Function: utility Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 410kW Continental R-975-46A Rotor Span: 10.67m Length: 17.35m Height: 3.81m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 1782kg Max.Weight: 2767kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 3050m Range: 550km Load: 5 seats. HUS Seahorse, Sikorsky (P-USA-H-UC-R4-N-AR1) Renamed {H-34}. --I--------------------------------------------------------------------------- --J--------------------------------------------------------------------------- J2F Duck, Grumman (S-USA-AS-U-B-N-AR1) Amphibian utility aircraft, a development of the {JF}. The J2F was a small biplane with a central float; the gap between float and fuselage was completely faired in. The J2F was built throughout WWII, and also used for covert night operations and SAR. Type: J2F-6 Function: utility Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 770kW Wright R-1830-54 Wing Span: 11.89m Length: Height: 4.24m Wing Area: 38m2 Empty Weight: 1996kg Max.Weight: 3493kg Speed: 283km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: Freight: 5 seats, 1*mg7.62mm, depth-charges 147kg J2K Forwarder, Fairchild (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-?1) Three-seat transport for the USCG, 1936. See {C-61}. J2W, Waco (?-USA-A-U-B-N-?) Three seat cabin biplane. J3F Goose, Grumman (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2) After the first XJ3F-1, Production aircraft were renamed {JRF}. J4F Widgeon, Grumman (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-AIW2) The J4F was a widely used utility amphibian, and a number are still flying. The J4F was a small twin-engined aircraft, designed for commercial use shortly before WWII. 15 were used by the USAF (as {OA-14}), 25 by the USCG and 131 by the USN. 345 were built. Type: J4F-2 Function: utility Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 150kW Ranger L-440C-5 Wing Span: 12.19m Length: 9.47m Height: 3.48m Wing Area: 22.76m2 Empty Weight: 1447kg Max.Weight: 2041kg Speed: 245km/h Ceiling: 4450m Range: 1480km Freight: 3 to 5 seats JA, Fokker (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1) The XJA-1 was a Fokker Super Universal transport, a single- engined monoplane. One was tested, but no orders followed. JA Norseman, Noorduyn (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1) Navy designation of U{C-64}. JD, Douglas (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW2) Navy version of the {A-26} Invader. The JD-1 was used for target towing. JF, Grumman (S-USA-AS-U-B-N-AR1) Utility amphibian, in fact a development of the Loening {O2L}. More developed versions were named {J2F}. JK, Fairchild (?-USA-A-C-?-?-?) Fairchild model 45 5-seat transport. JL, Columbia (P-USA-AF-U-MN-N-AR1) Mid-wing amphibian, intended to replace the {J2F} Duck. The XJL-1 looked like a J2F without upper wing and with tricycle undercarriage, but it was considerably larger. Only the two prototypes were built. Type: XJL-1 Function: utility Year: 1946 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1350hp Wright R-1820-56 Wing Span: 15.24m Length: 15.00m Height: 4.80m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 3288kg Max.Weight: Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: Range: 3330km Freight: 4 seats JM, Martin (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-ARW2) Navy version of the {AT-23} / TB-26G training version of the {B-26} Marauder. Used for target towing. JN, Curtiss (F-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Biplane trainer, better known as the 'Jenny'. After WWI it was the most common aircraft of barnstormers and flying circuses, not because it was particularly good, but because it was cheap and available in large numbers. 6813 were built, with the JN-4D 'Canuck' as most-built model. Type: JN-4 Task: trainer Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 90hp Curtiss OX-5 Max. Speed: 121km/h Ceiling: 3350m Max. Range: Armament: JNS, Curtiss (F-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Standardised {JN}. The US Army had between 200 and 300 of its JN trainers upgraded to JNS standard, with 134kW Hispano-Suiza engines. JO, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Lockheed model 12, the Navy equivalent to the {C-40} of the USAAF. One XJO-3 wrote history in August 1939, when it became the very first twin-engined aircraft to be landed on a carrier. JR, Ford (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARU2&AR1) USN version of Ford TriMotor. One prototype and eight operational aircraft. JR2F Albatross, Grumman (P-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2) Also known as the H{U-16} or {UF}. See there. JRB, Beech (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Navy equivalent of the U{C-45}. JRB Conestoga, Budd (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2) Renamed {RB}. JRC, Cessna (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2) USN version of the Cessna T-50, equivalent to U{C-78}. 67 built. JRF Goose, Grumman (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2) Utility amphibian, a military version of civil G-21. The JRF was a small high-wing, twin-engined flying boat with the standard Grumman retractable landing gear, that made the wheels flush with the fuselage when retracted. The beautiful little aircraft was designed as a status symbol for its rich owners, but the JRF proved an useful and versatile military aircraft. Type: JRF-5 Function: utility Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-6 Wing Span: 14.95m Length: 11.73m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3630kg Speed: 323km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 1030km Freight: 4 to 7 seats JRM Mars, Martin (S-USA-AF-C-HN-N-ARW4) Transport version of the {PB2M} flying boat. Seven built. Type: JRM-1 Function: transport Year: 1943 Crew: 11 Engines: 4 * 2200hp Wright R-3350-18 Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: Range: Freight: 9300kg, 132 seats. JRS, Sikorsky (I-USA-AF-C-PN-N-ARW2) S-43 flying boat used by the USN. Type: S-43 Function: transport Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 550kW P&W Hornet Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 1300km Freight: 15 seats JW, Waco (I-USA-A-U-B-N-?) Biplane. Waco model C. --K--------------------------------------------------------------------------- K-16, Kaman (P-USA-AFV-X-HN-N-T2) Kaman modified a Grumman Goose VTOL aircraft, with a tilting wing and two Lycoming T53 engines, for the US Navy. KDB, Beechcraft (?-USA-A-*-?-?-?) Unmanned target aircraft. KG-1, Kellet (I-USA-R-?-R4-N-AR1) Autogiro, military version of the civil KD-1. Type: KG-1A Task: Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Jacobs L4 Max. Speed: 206km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 320km Armament: --L--------------------------------------------------------------------------- L-1 Vigilant, Stinson (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) The little Vigilant was an useful liaison aircraft. Type: L-1 Function: liaison Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220kW Lycoming R-680-9 Speed: 196km/h Ceiling: 3900m Range: 450km Freight: L I, Lanzius (F-USA-A-?-B-N-IL1) Two-seat biplane, developed for the US Army Signal Corps in 1917. L II, Lanzius (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Single-seat fighter derivative of the Lanzius {L I}. The L II had wings with variable camber and incidence, controlled by a system of cables and pulleys. One built. Type: L II Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 350hp Packard 1A-1237 Wing Span: 11.58m Length: 7.62mm Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 544kg Ceiling: Range: Armament: L-2 Grasshopper, Taylorcraft (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) Taylor built the original Cub, but the L-2 was a new design, a similar high-wing monoplane with tandem seating. Up to 1942 it was known as the {O-57}. Fairly large numbers were built for liaison and artillery spotting tasks. Type: L-2A Function: liaison Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 47kW Continental O-170-3 Wing Span: 10.79m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 142km/h Ceiling: 3060m Range: 370km L-3 Grasshopper, Aeronca (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1) The Aeronca Defender and Super-Chief light aircraft. Used mainly for training. Type: L-3 Function: utility Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 47kW Continental O-170-3 Speed: 139km/h Ceiling: 2400m Range: 300km Freight: 2 L-4 Grasshopper, Piper (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1) High-wing monoplane, a widely used as liaison and artillery spotting aircraft. The L-4, originally known as the {O-59}, was a modified version of the Piper J-3 Cub. The later L-4E was a Piper J-4, and the L-4F and L-4G were J-5 models. 4461 were built during WWII, plus 859 which had been delivered as O-59s. Type: L-4 Function: liaison / observation Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 47kW Continental O-170-3 Wing Span: 10.74m Length: 6.22m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 336kg Max Weight: 554kg Speed: 137km/h Ceiling: 2830m Range: 300km Freight: L-5 Sentinel, Stinson (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) Cabin monoplane, a small high-wing design. The L-5 (known earlier as the {O-62}) was the military version of Stinson 105 Voyager. More than 3700 were used by the military, under a confusing series of designations: {O-54}, O-62, {L-5}, {L-9}, {AT-19}, and {U-19}. Type: L-5 Function: liaison / observation Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 135kW Lycoming O-435-1 Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 4810m Range: 805km Freight: The L-5B could carry 200lbs. L-6 Grasshopper, Interstate (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) Insterstate S-1B Cadet, a military liaison/observation development of the civil S-1A. The L-6 was a high-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear. Military aircraft had a larger 'greenhouse' canopy than civilian S-1s. About 600 S-1s were built, of which 250 for the military. Type: L-6 Function: laison / observation Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75kW Franklin 0-200-5 Wing Span: 10.9m Length: 7.13m Height: Wing Area: 16.1m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 790kg Speed: 183km/h Ceiling: 4870m Range: 466km Freight: L-7, Universal (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) All 19 ordered were lend-leased to the Free French. They were Universal Monocoupe 90AF cabin monoplanes, and at least some were delivered in their normal civilian colors. Type: L-7A Function: liaison / observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75kW Franklin O-200-1 Speed: 193km/h Ceiling: 4570m Range: 930km Freight: L-8, Interstate (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) Interstate S-1A Cadet, the civil version of the {L-6}, acquired second-hand by the USAAF. L-9, Stinson (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AI1) Variation on the {L-5} as trainer, earlier known as {AT-19}. L-12 Reliant, Stinson (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) Designation given to two impressed aircraft. The other Reliants of the USAF had the designation U{C-81} or {AT-19}. L-13, Consolidated Vultee (P-USA-A-UR-HN-N-AI1) Two/three seat observation and liaison monoplane. Type: L-13A Function: observation / liaison Year: 1950 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Franklin O-425-9 Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 4570m Range: 1207km L-14 Army Cruiser, Piper (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-?1) The L-14 was a high-wing monoplane, designed during WWII as an ambulance aircraft with STOL characteristics. The elongated cockpit "greenhouse" could accomodate a stretcher. The order for 850 was cancelled at the end of WWII. Only 14 were built. Type: YL-14 Function: ambulance Year: 1945 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 1 stretcher L-15 Scout, Boeing (P-USA-A|AS-UR-HN-P-AI1) Of the Boeing model 451 light recce aircraft were only 12 built. It was an unusual light aircraft with a high wing, an extensively glazed cockpit and a boom carrying the tail surfaces; this offered an excellent downward view. It could be dismantled and towed behind a jeep, or loaded into a 2 1/2 ton truck. Large "flaperons" gave it a low landing speed, and it could also be fitted with floats, skis, or Brodie gear to "land" on a suspended cable. The type was versatile and well-liked, but the US Army decided not to order it. The dozen built were later operated in Alaska. Type: XL-15 Function: observation Year: 1947 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 125hp Lycoming O-290-7 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 1125km Armament: L-16 Champion, Aeronca (P-USA-A-UT-HN-N-AI1) Two-seat liaison aircraft. 85hp Continental engine. L-17 Navion, Ryan (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AI1) A low-wing liaison aircraft. Originally designed by North American. Type: L-17B Function: liaison Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp Continental E185 Speed: 251km/h Ceiling: 4755m Range: 800km Armament: 3 seats L-18, Piper (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) The L-18 was the military version of the Piper PA-11 or PA-18 Super Cub. Type: Super Cub Function: utility Year: 1951 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 112 kW Lycoming O-320 Speed: 208km:h Ceiling: 5800m Range: 735km Freight: L-19 Birddog, Cessna (P-USA-A-UR-HN-N-AI1) Military version of the Cessna Mountaineer. Renamed {O-1}, see there. L-20, de Havilland Canada (P-USA-A|AS-U-HN-N-AR1) Later renamed {U-6}. L-21, Piper (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) Another version of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub. The L-21 differed from the {L-18} only in details and the engine. Type: L-21B Function: utility Year: 1952 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80kW Lycoming O-235 Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 5800m Range: 735km Freight: L-23, Beechcraft (P-USA-A-UE-LN-N-AIW2) The Twin Bonanza, used by the USAF as VIP transport. Also known as the {U-8}. The RL-23 was a version of the L-23 with battlefield surveillance radars. Type: L-23A Function: transport Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 260hp Lycoming GO-435-C2 Speed: 324km/h Ceiling: 5780m Range: 1580km Load: 6 seats L-24 Courier, Helio (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) A Helio H-391B Courier, tested by the US Army. Production aircraft were known as {L-28}s. L-25, McDonnell (P-USA-AV-X-R3&HN-T-AR1) Renamed {H-35}, then {V-1}. L-26, Aerocommander (P-USA-A-U|E-HN-N-AIW2) Renamed {U-4}. L-27, Cessna (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AIW2) Renamed {U-3}. L-28, Helio (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) Also known as the {U-10}. L-39, Bell (P-USA-A-X-LS-N-IL1) Swept-wing version of the {P-63} Kingcobra, used by the NACA to test the low-speed characteristics of these wings. The tail was elongated, and the a ventral fin added. First flown in 1946. Two were built. Type: L-39-1 Function: experimental Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Allison V-1710 Wing Span: 10.24m Length: Height: Wing Area: 23.23m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3940kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: LB-1, Huff-Daland (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1) The LB-1 was a single-engined biplane bomber. Ten were built, but the USAAC decided that single-engined bombers were too unsafe. Type: LB-1 Function: bomber Year: 1923 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 787hp Packard 2A-2540 Wing Span: 85ft Length: 62ft Height: 19ft 3in Wing Area: 1604ft2 Empty Weight: 5704lb Max.Weight: 10346lb Speed: 121mph Ceiling: 14425ft Range: 940mls Armament: 4*mg7.62mm 1500kb LB-2, Atlantic (I-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARU2) Atlantic was the American subsidiary of Fokker. The XLB-2 was the first USAAC monoplane bomber. It was a high-wing monoplane in typical Fokker tradition; the twin engines were suspened beneath the wing. The performance of the LB-2 was mediocre, and the conservatism of the USAAC worked against a monoplane design. Type: XLB-2 Function: bomber Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 410hp P&W R-1340 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 5916lb Max.Weight: 12039lb Speed: 116mph Ceiling: 10925ft Range: 540mls Armament: 5*mg7.62mm 2050lb LB-4, Martin (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARW2) Design for an all-metal biplane bomber, powered by two P&W R-1690 engines. Not built. LB-3, Huff-Daland (I-USA-A-B-?-?-?) Bomber. LB-5, Huff-Daland / Keystone (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ILB2) Development of the {LB-3}, powered by 420hp Liberty engines. 36 built. Huff-Daland was later renamed Keystone. Type: LB-5 Function: bomber Year: Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 420hp Liberty V-1650 Wing Span: 67ft Length: 44ft 8in Height: 16ft 10in Wing Area: 1138.7ft2 Empty Weight: 7024lb Max.Weight: 12155lb Speed: 107mph Ceiling: 8000ft Range: Armament: 5*mg7.62mm LB-6, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2) The LB-6 was a development of the {LB-5} with new wings and radial engines. It had better performance than the LB-5. 18 built. Type: LB-6 Function: bomber Year: 1929 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 525hp Wright R-1750-1 Wing Span: 75ft Length: 43ft 5in Height: 18ft 1in Wing Area: 1148ft2 Empty Weight: 7024lb Max.Weight: 12155lb Speed: 114mph Ceiling: 11650ft Range: Armament: 5*mg7.62mm LB-7, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2) The LB-7 was similar to the {LB-6}, except for the P&W R-1690 engines. 16 built. Type: LB-7 Function: bomber Year: 1929 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 525hp P&W R-1690-3 Wing Span: 75ft Length: 43ft 5in Height: 18ft 1in Wing Area: 1148ft2 Empty Weight: 6556lb Max.Weight: 12903lb Speed: 114mph Ceiling: 13325ft Range: Armament: 5*mg7.62mm LB-8, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2) One {LB-7} was completed as the LB-8 with geared P&W R-1860-3 engines. Type: LB-8 Function: bomber Year: 1929 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 550hp P&W R-1860-3 Wing Span: 75ft Length: 43ft 5in Height: 18ft 1in Wing Area: 1148ft2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 13250lb Speed: 112mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: 5*mg7.62mm LB-9, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2) One {LB-7} was completed as the LB-9 with geared P&W R-1750 engines. Type: LB-9 Function: bomber Year: 1929 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 575hp Wright R-1750 Wing Span: 75ft Length: 43ft 5in Height: 18ft 1in Wing Area: 1148ft2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 13100lb Speed: 118mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: 5*mg7.62mm LB-10, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-N-ARB2) Renamed {B-3}, {B-4} or {B-5}. LB-11, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2) One {LB-6} was completed as the single LB-11 with Wright R-1750-3 engines. Type: LB-11 Function: bomber Year: 1929 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 525hp Wright R-1750-3 Wing Span: 75ft Length: 49ft 3in Height: 15ft 6in Wing Area: 1148ft2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 13000lb Speed: 115mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: 5*mg7.62mm LB-12, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2) The single LB-12 was converted from an {LB-7} by installing P&W R-1860-1 engines. LB-13, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-N-ARB2) Renamed {B-4} and {B-6}, depending on whether they had R-1860-7 engines or R-1820-1 engines, respectively. LB-14, Keystone (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2) Renamed {B-5}. The LB-14 had P&W GR-1860 engines. It is uncertain if any were built. LNE, Pratt-Read (?-USA-AG-?-?-?-0) Glider. LNP, Piper (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0) Navy equivalent of the T{G-8}. Three XLNP-1s were bought by the USN. LNS, Schweizer (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0) Navy version of T{G-2}. LNT, Taylorcraft (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0) Navy equivalent of the T{G-6}. 38 built. LRA, Allied Aviation (?-USA-AGS-?-?-?-0) Prototype of a seaplane glider for the USMC. LRQ, Bristol (?-USA-AGS-?-?-?-0) Prototype of a seaplane glider for the USMC. LRW, Waco (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0) USMC version of the Waco C{G-4}. LS-1, Loening (F-USA-AS-F-HN-N-IL1) Twin-float seaplane version of the Loening {M-8}. Of the 54 M-8s built for the USN, 6 were completed as LS-1s. LUSAC-11, Packard-Lepere (F-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Two-seat fighter aircraft, designed for the US Army by the French engineer Lepere. The LUSAC-11 was a wooden two-bay biplane. At the end of WWI large orders were cancelled, and only 27 were completed. The type did set a number of altitude records. Type: LUSAC-11 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty Wing Span: 12.67m Length: 7.69m Height: 3.22m Wing Area: 38.60m2 Empty Weight: 1162kg Max.Weight: 1699kg Speed: 136mph Ceiling: Range: 515km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm LUSAC-21, Lepere This was similar to the {LUSAC-11}, but powered by a 16-cylinder Bugatti engine. Three built. --M--------------------------------------------------------------------------- M-1 Messenger, Sperry (I-USA-A-U-B-N-AR1) Official designation for the {Messenger}, given in 1924. M2O, Martin (I-USA-A|AS-B-N-IL1) Observation biplane. Developed from the {MO}. Type: M2O-1 Function: observation Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp Curtiss D-12 Speed: 177km/h Ceiling: 4600m Range: Armament: M.8, Wright-Martin (F-USA-A-F-N-N-IL1) Monoplane fighter. Two built. Type: M.8 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Wright-Hispno H Max. Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: M-8, Loening (F-USA-A-F-HN-N-IL1) Two-seat shoulder-wing monoplane fighter. Performance was excellent, and 5000 were ordered in 1918. The end of WWI put a halt to the production plans, and the two prototypes aside, only 54 were built for the US Navy. The served as observation aircraft. Type: M-8-0 Task: observation Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza Wing Span: 9.98m Length: 7.31m Height: 2.00m Wing Area: 22.19m2 Empty Weight: 754kg Max.Weight: 1074kg Max. Speed: 232km/h Ceiling: 22000ft Max. Range: Armament: 2*mg M-21, Lockheed (M-USA-A-R-LD-N-JW2) A version of the A-11 / A-12 (the precursor of the S{R-71}), modified to carry the D-21 high-speed drone in a piggy-back arrangment. The system was abandoned after an accident. Martin 146 (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) This was an enlarged development of the Martin 139, better known as the {B-10}. It flew in 1935. The USAAC preferred the Douglas {B-18}, and the 146 remained a prototype. MAT, Sperry (I-USA-A-*-B-N-AR1) Messenger Aerial Torpedo. The unmanned version of the Sperry {Messenger}. M.B.1, Thomas-Morse (F-USA-A-F-PN-N-IL1) Two-seat, parasol monoplane fighter. The M.B.1 was of wooden construction, with some metal parts. Attempts to reduce the structural weight as much as possible resulted in structural weakness. The first flight was also the last; it ended in a crash. Two built. Type: M.B.1 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty 12 Wing Span: 11.28m Length: 6.70m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1077kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: MB-1, Martin (F-USA-A-B-B-N-ILB2) See {GMB}. M.B.2, Thomas-Morse (F-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Two-seat biplane fighter, of wooden construction and covered with fabric. The performance did not encourage further development, and the M.B.2 was abandoned. Type: M.B.2 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Liberty 12 Wing Span: 9.45m Length: 7.31m Height: 2.43m Wing Area: 30.00m2 Empty Weight: 929kg Max.Weight: 1258kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm MB-2, Martin (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ILW2) See {NBS-1}. M.B.3, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) The M.B.3 was a compact two-bay biplane fighter. It had a good performance, and 261 were built by Thomas-Morse and Boeing. The M.B.3 was used by both the US Army and the Marine Corps. Type: M.B.3A Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 320hp Wright-Hispano H-3 Wing Span: 7.92m Length: 6.10m Height: 2.59m Wing Area: 21.32m2 Empty Weight: 778kg Max.Weight: 1152kg Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.25hrs Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm M.B.9, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-F-PN-N-IL1) All-metal parasol monoplane fighter, with corrugated metal skinning. The wing was of unusual cranked construction, with sweepback on the centre section, presumably to improve pilot view. The M.B.9 was abandoned because of excessive vibration. Type: M.B.9 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 320hp Hispano-Suiza H-3 Wing Span: 8.84m Length: 5.79m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 274km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm M.B.10, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-T-PN-N-?) Two-seat monoplane trainer, of similar configuration as the {M.B.9}. Abandoned. M-Defense, Standard (F-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1) Lightweight point interceptor, a wooden biplane. The performance of the M-Defense was not adequate. However, it was the basis for the {E-1} trainer. Type: M-Defense Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 7.31m Length: 5.74m Height: 2.46m Wing Area: 14.17m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 522kg Speed: 156km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.8hrs Armament: Messenger, Sperry (I-USA-A-U-B-N-AR1) Unarmed single-seat biplane, intended for use as liaison aircraft. 42 were built. Some were used for development work, including eight unmanned, radio-controlled 'aerial torpedoes'. Type: Messenger Function: liaison Year: 1921 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 60hp Lawrence L-4 Wing Span: 6.10m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 156km/h Ceiling: Range: 170mls Armament: MF, Martin / Curtiss (I-USA-AF-T-?-?-IL1) Training flying boat. Type: MF Function: training Year: 1919 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75kW Curtiss OXX Speed: Ceiling: Range: 325mls Armament: MiG-29, Mikoyan (M-USSR-A-F-HS-N-J2) In November 1997 the USA bought 21 {MiG-29} fighters from the Republic of Moldova, partly to prevent their sale to Iran. It is expected that after technical evaluation, they will equip an 'agressor' unit. MO, Martin (I-USA-A-R-HN-N-IL1) Observation monoplane. The MO-1 was powered by a Curtiss D-12. 36 were built. The USN preferred the Vought {UO}, which was light enough to be catapult-launched. 1923. MS, Martin (I-USA-AS-R-?-?-?) Small spotting aircraft for submarines. The hangar for the MS was to be built in the submarines conning tower. Type: MS-1 Task: observation Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: MT, Martin (F-USA-A-A-B-N-ILB2) Torpedo bomber development of {MB}. --N--------------------------------------------------------------------------- N-1, Naval Aircraft Factory (?-USA-AS-?-?-?-?) Floatplane. The configuration was unusual, with three large floats close together. N2B, Boeing (I-USA-A-T-?-?-?) Trainer, 1928. Two XN2B-1 prototypes were built. N2C Fledgling, Curtiss (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Biplane trainer. Type: N2C-2 Task: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 240hp Wright R-760 Max. Speed: 186km/h Ceiling: 5430m Max. Range: 480km Armament: N2S, Boeing-Stearman (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Another version of the {NS} and {PT-13} series. N2T Tutor, Timm (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Two-seat training monoplane, built from bonded plywood. The USN bought 262. Type: N2T-1 Function: trainer Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220hp Continental R-670-4 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 7.57m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1236kg Speed: 232km/h Ceiling: 4880m Range: 640km N2Y, Consolidated (I-USA-A-T-B-N-?) Trainer biplane. Equipped to train hook-ons to airships for the {F9C} pilots. N3N, Naval Aircraft Factory (S-USA-A|AS-T-B-N-AR1) Biplane trainer, the last biplane in service with the US armed forces --- until 1961. The N3N was of metal construction covered with fabric, and had either wheeled or single-float seaplane landing gear. 996 were built. Type: N3N-3 Function: trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 235hp NAF R-760-2 Wing Span: 10.36m Length: 7.77m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 28.33m2 Empty Weight: 948kg Max.Weight: 1266kg Speed: 203km/h Ceiling: 4635m Range:756km N4Y, Consolidated (?-USA-A-T-B-?-?) Two-seat biplane trainer. N5N, Naval Aircraft Factory (?-USA-A-T-?-?-?) Primary trainer. N-9, Curtiss (F-USA-AS-T-B-N-IL1) Basically a {JN} on floats for the USN. The wing was enlarged to support the additional weight. N-9M, Norhrop (S-USA-A-X-S-F-AI2) Experimental flying wing aircraft. The N-9M series lead to the development of the {B-35} bomber, of which they were reduced- scale aerodynamic prototypes. The four N-9Ms differed in construction, but they were all powered by two pusher engines, installed in the wing leading edge and driving the propellers through extension shafts. Recently, one was restored to flying condition. Type: N-9MB (fourth and last) Function: experimental Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 300hp Franklin XO-540-7 Wing Span: 18.25m Length: 5.8m Height: Wing Area: 45m2 Empty Weight: 3262kg Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: NA-50, North American (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The NA-50 was a single-seat fighter derivative of the NA-16 trainer, ancestor of the famous {AT-6} Texan. Seven were built for Peru. They saw combat in its 1941 war with Ecuador. Type: NA-50 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 870hp Wright R-1820-77 Wing Span: 11.35m Length: 8.21m Height: 2.67m Wing Area: 21.93m2 Empty Weight: 2028kg Max.Weight: Speed: 475km/h Ceiling: Range: 1035km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 249kg NB, Boeing (I-USA-A|AS-T-B-N-AR1) Biplane primary trainer. The first NB-1s were too easy to fly; some experimentation was required to get the desired flying characteristics. About 70 were built. Type: NB-1 Task: trainer Year: 1924 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 149kW Lawrance J-1 Wing Span: 11.23m Length: 8.76m Height: 3.56m Wing Area: 31.96m2 Empty Weight: 969kg Max.Weight: 1287kg Max. Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: 3110m Max. Range: 483km Armament: 0-1*mg7.62mm NBL-1 'Barling Bomber', Witteman Lewis (I-USA-A-B-T-N-ILDB4&ILB2) At 42570lbs and with a span of 36.60m, the six-engined triplane XNBL-1 was a giant for its time, but underpowered, slow, and short on range. Mitchell was one of the few supporters of the NBL-1. He should have known better. Type: XNBL-1 Function: bomber Year: 1923 Crew: 6 Engines: 6 * 420hp Liberty 12A Wing Span: 120ft Length: 65ft Height: 27ft Wing Area: 4200ft2 Empty Weight: 27703lb Max.Weight: 42569lb Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: 7000ft Range: 275km Armament: 7*mg7.62mm 5000lbs NBL-2, Martin (I-USA-A-B-N-N-?2) The XNBL-2 design was a proposal for a four-seat monoplane bomber, powered by two 700hp W-2279 engines. It was never built. NBS-1, Martin (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ILW2) The NBS-1 (Martin MB-2) was a development of the {GMB} (Martin MB-1). It was designed as a night bomber, sacrifying the high performance of the GMB for a larger bomb load. The NBS-1 is best known because of its use in the sinking of the battleship 'Ostfriesland' in a demonstration of aerial bombardment, in 1921. 120 were built. Many NBS-1s were built by L.W.F, Curtiss or Aeromarine. Type: NBS-1 Function: bomber Year: 1920 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 420hp Liberty 12 Speed: 99mph Ceiling: 8500ft Range: 558mls Armament: 5*mg7.62mm 2000lb NBS-2, L.W.F. (I-USA-A-B-B-N-?2) Design for a twin-engined biplane bomber, to replace the {NBS-1}. Never built. NBS-3, Elias (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL2) Twin-engined bomber, designed to replace the {NBS-1}. The NBS-3 was of a similar biplane configuration as the NBS-1, and also powered by Liberty 12 engines. Its performance was not better than that of the NBS-1, and only one was built. Type: XNBS-3 Function: bomber Year: 1924 Crew: Engines: 2 * 425hp Liberty 12A Speed: 101mph Ceiling: 8680ft Range: Armament: 5*mg7.62mm 1692lb NBS-4, Curtiss (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL2) The NBS-4 was another attempt to replace the {NBS-1}. It was also a biplane powered by two Liberty 12 engines, but it had a fuselage built of steel tube instead of wood. Two were built. Type: XNBS-4 Function: bomber Year: 1924 Crew: Engines: 2 * 435hp Liberty 12A Speed: 100mph Ceiling: 11100ft Range: Armament: 7*mg7.62mm 2100lb NC, Navy-Curtiss (F-USA-AF-P-B-N-?) The NC was a big biplane flying boat with a short fuselage; the tail was carried on a tubular structure. One NC-4 was the first aircraft to cross the Atlantic, with a stop in the Azores. Ten NC's were built. Some had three engines, others four. Type: NC.4 Function: patrol Year: 1919 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 420hp Liberty 12 Speed: 90mph Ceiling: Range: 2720km Armament: NE, Piper (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1) Navy version of the {L-4} Grasshopper. 230 NE-1s and 20 NE-2s were bought. NF, Seversky (I-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1) See {FN}. NH, Howard (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AR1) Trainer version of the {GH} Nightingale. It as used as navigation and instrument flying trainer, with a pilot, and instructor, and two students. NK Pup, Keystone (I-USA-A-T-?-?-?) Two-seat trainer. 1930. NP, Spartan (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Primary Trainer biplane. 201 built. Type: NP-1 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 168kW Lycoming R-680-8 engine. Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 4025m Range: 505km Armament: NQ, Fairchild (?-USA-A-T-?-?-?) Navy version of {T-31}. NR, Ryan (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) USN version of the {PT-22}. NS Kaydet, Stearman (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Trainer, naval version of the {PT-13}, with an 225hp Wright Whirlwind. NW, Navy-Wright (I-USA-A-*-?-?-?1) Racing aircraft. Withdrawn from 1923 Schneider Trophy contest. Type: NW-2 Task: racing Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 650hp Wright T-3 Tornado Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: NY, Consolidated (I-USA-A-T-?-?-?) Two-seat trainer of the 1920's. Type: NY-2 Task: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: --O--------------------------------------------------------------------------- O-1 Bird Dog, Cessna (P-USA-A-UR-HN-N-AI1) Liaison monoplane, the Cessna model 305. At first known as the {L-19}, the O-1 was intended to replace the {L-4} and {L-5} of WWII vintage. It was a small high-wing type of all metal construction. Deliveries began in 1950. The O-1 was also used as FAC aircraft in Vietnam, and as trainer. It was exported on a large scale, and license-built in Japan by Fuji. 3400 were built, and they served for 20 years. Type: O-1E Task: liaison Year: 1956 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 213hp Continental O-470-11 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 7.85m Height: 2.22m Wing Area: 16.16m2 Empty Weight: 732kg Max.Weight: 1089kh Max. Speed: 209km/h Ceiling: 5640m Max. Range: 848km O-1 Falcon, Curtiss (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) This two-seat biplane was ordered in small numbers, because the {O-2} was preferred. Type: O-1E Task: observation Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 324kW Curtiss V-1150-5 Wing Span: 11.58m Length: 8.28m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 32.79m2 Empty Weight: 1325kg Max.Weight: 1972kg Max. Speed: 227km/h Ceiling: 4665m Max. Range: 1014km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm O-2, Cessna (P-USA-A-REA-HN-T-AI1&AIP1) Twin boom push/pull aircraft, the Cessna 337 Super Skymaster. It was ordered by the USAF as a stop-gap after delivery of the the {OV-10} Bronco was delayed. The O-2A is used as FAC, the O-2B as psy-war aircraft. Production for the USAF was 544; total production, including those licence-built in France, was 2832. Type: O-2A Task: observation Year: 1961 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 155kW Continental TSIO-360-A Max. Speed: 370km/h Ceiling: 8930m Max. Range: 2500km Load: 2 seats O-2, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) Observation biplane. The O-2 replaced the faithful but aging DH.4 in 1925. It owed much the the Douglas {DWC} World Cruiser. Type: O-2 Task: observation Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty Max. Speed: 140mph Ceiling: 17000ft Max. Range: Armament: O2C, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-AR-B-N-AR1) Observation aircraft and dive-bomber developed from the {OC} and {F8C} series. The O2C designation was used for what had been the F8C-4 and XF8C-7. 1929. O2L, Loening (S-USA-AS-U-B-N-AR1) Utility amphibian. See {JF} and {J2F}. O2U Corsair, Vought (I-USA-AC-R-B-N-AR1) Two seat observation biplane, the first USN aircraft called 'Corsair'. The O2U could be fitted with floats; later some were converted with Grumman-designed amhipbious floats. A later development was known as {O3U}. Type: O2U-1 Task: observation Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-1340-88 Max. Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 5700m Max. Range: 980km Armament: 2 * mg7.62m O-3, Lockheed (M-USA-A-R-LN-N-AI1) The YO-3A was a motorized glider, designed to be very silent, with a slow-turning propeller. It was intended as a low-observable observation aircraft. Six were built. Type: YO-3A Task: reconaissance Year: 1971 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 155kW Continental Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O3C, Curtiss (S-USA-A|AS-R-B-N-AR1) Renamed {SOC}, see there. O3U Corsair, Vought (I-USA-AC-R-B-N-AR1) Development of {O2U}, basically identical to the O2U-4. Compared with the O2U, this model had a lower wing with increased sweepback dihedral, and span. The O2U and O3U had fuselages of welded steel tube, and wooden wings. Later the O3Us were renamed {SU}. Type: SU-4 Task: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 447kW P&W R-1690-42 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 8.37m Height: 3.45m Wing Area: 31.31m2 Empty Weight: 1502kg Max.Weight: 2161kg Speed: 269km/h Ceiling: 5670m Range: 1094km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm O-6, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1) Observation biplane. Type: O-6B Function: observation Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 425hp P&W Wasp Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: O-10, Loening (I-USA-AS-R-B-N-IL1) Amphibian. A biplane with the familiar Loening design: The central float was faired into the fuselage, and also housed the retactable mainwheel. 500hp Wright Typhoon engine. O-11, Curtiss (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) Version of the {O-1} with 400hp Liberty engine for the Air National Guards. O-12, Curtiss (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) Modified {O-1}. O-13, Curtiss (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) The O-13's were {O-1}'s modified with Curtiss V-1570 engines. They took part in air races. Seven built. Type: O-13C Task: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Curtiss V-1570 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-14, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1) A small biplane, in fact a smaller version of the {O-2}. One built. Type: XO-14 Task: observation Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 225hp Wright R-790-5 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-15, Keystone (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1) Small biplane, competing design with the {O-14}. Type: XO-15 Task: observation Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 225hp Wright R-790-5 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-16, Curtiss (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) A {O-11} with an Curtiss Conqueror engine. Type: XO-16 Task: observation Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-9 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-17, Consolidated (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1) Modified {PT-3} primary trainer. 27 built. Type: O-17 Task: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 225hp Wright R-790-1 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-18, Curtiss (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AI1) One {O-1} was modified to test the 600hp Curtiss H-1640-1 engine. The engine proved to be a failure. O-19, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1) Observation biplane. Several hundred built. Type: O-19E Task: observation Year: 1930 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 425hp P&W Wasp Max. Speed: 252km/h Ceiling: 6405m Max. Range: 480km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm O-20, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1) One {O-19} with an 525hp P&W R-1690-1 Hornet engine. O-21, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1|AI1) One {O-19} with an 600hp Curtiss H-1640-1, and another with an 525hp Wright R-1750-1 Cyclone. O-22, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-?-?-AR1) Two built. Type: O-22 Task: observation Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 500hp P&W R-1340-9 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-23, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) Development of the {O-19} with a 600hp Curtiss V-1570-1 engine. Cancelled. O-24, Curtiss (I-USA-A-R-?-?-AR1) Cancelled. P&W R-1340-7 engine. O-25, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) Another observation biplane. 37 were built. Possibly a modification of the {O-2}. Type: O-25A Task: observation Year: 1930 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-7 Max. Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 6765m Max. Range: Armament: O-26, Curtiss (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) One {O-1}E with a Curtiss V-1570-11 engine. Type: Y1O-26 Task: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Curtiss V-1570-11 Max. Speed: 259km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-27, General Aviation (I-USA-A-R-?-?-IL2) First monoplane and first twin-engined aircraft in the O-series. Later modified into the {B-8} bomber. 14 built. Type: XO-27 Task: observation Year: 1931 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-9 Max. Speed: (YO-27:188km/h) Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-28, Vought (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1) Army version of the {O2U}. One O2U-3 with an 450hp P&W R-1340-C engine was delivered. O-29, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1) Two of the old {O-2}s. The first was reengined with the Wright R-1750-1 and later with the R-1820-1. The second had an P&W R-1340-3 and became the {O-32}. O-30, Curtiss (I-USA-A-R-?N-N-IL1) Not built. Monoplane with one Curtiss V-1570-9 engine. O-31, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-HN-N-IL1) The sleek O-31, a gull-wing monoplane, had development problems. Eight built. Developed into the {O-43}. Type: YO-31A Task: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-33 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-32, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1) The second {O-29} was renamed O-32. Later 30 O-32's were built. O-33, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) Developed from {O-19}. One. Type: O-33 Task: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-11 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-34, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-?-?-IL1) One {O-22} with an Curtiss V-1570-11 engine. O-35, Douglas (I-USA-A-R|C-PN-N-ILU2) Twin-engined parasol-wing aircraft. Six built. The five pre-series models carrier airmail for a period. Type: O-35 Task: observation Year: 1932 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-33 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-36, Douglas (I-USA-A-R|C-PN-N-ILU2) Project closely related to the {O-35}, but built as the {B-7} bomber. It was powered by a different version of the V-1570, with three-bladed propellers instead of two-bladed. O-37, Keystone (I-USA-A-R-?-?-?) Never built. O-38, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1) Basically an {O-25} reengined with an P&W R-1690 Hornet engine. 46 built. Type: O-38E Task: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 625hp P&W R-1690-13 Max. Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 6315m Max. Range: Armament: O-39, Curtiss (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) Comparable to the {O-16}, with a Curtiss V-1570 engine. Ten built. Type: O-39 Task: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-25 Max. Speed: 275km/h Ceiling: 6375m Max. Range: 1170km Armament: 2*mg O-40 Raven, Curtiss (I-USA-A-R-B|PN-N-AR1) All-metal sesquiplane (YO-40 and YO-40A) or parasol monoplane (Y1O-40B). Five built. Type: Y1O-40B Task: observation Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * Wright R-1820 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-41, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) The single Y1O-41 was a derivative of the {O-33} with sesquiplane wings and a 600hp Curtiss V-1570-29 engine. O-42, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-R-PN-N-?) Never built. Parasol monoplane. O-43, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-PN-N-IL1) Production Development of the {O-31}. Parasol wing. Five renamed YO-31C's and 24 production machines. Type: O-43A Task: observation Year: 1933 Crew: Engines: 1 * 495kW Curtiss V-1570-59 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: O-44, Douglas (I-USA-AF-*-HN-N-ARO2) Renamed {OA-5}. O-45, Martin (I-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW2) One {B-10} bomber was modified temporarly to an O-45 with two R-1820-17 engines. O-46, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-PN-N-AR1) Development of the {O-43}. Type: O-46A Task: observation Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 530kW P&W R-1535-7 Max. Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 2 * mg7.62mm O-47, North American (S-USA-A-RT-MN-N-AR1) The O-47 was a mid-wing monoplane with retractable undercarriage, very different from all its precursors in the O-series. There was a post for the observer in the lower fuselage; this gave the O-47 a 'pregnant' look. It was fairly successful, with over 200 built. During WWII they were used mainly as trainers and target tugs. Type: O-47A Task: observation Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 720kW Wright R-1820-49 Wing Span: 14.1m Length: 10.01m Height: 3.6m Wing Area: 32.38m2 Empty Weight: 2737kg Max.Weight: 3770kg Max. Speed: 356km/h Ceiling: 7070m Max. Range: Armament: 2*mg7.62mm O-48, Douglas (I-USA-A-R-PN-N-AR1) Not built. Would have been a {O-46} with an Wright R-1670-3 engine. O-49, Stinson (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) Renamed {L-1}, see there. O-50, Bellanca (?-USA-A-R-HN-N-AI1) High-wing STOL monoplane. Three built. Type: YO-50 Function: liaison Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 420hp Ranger V-770-1 Speed: Ceiling: Range: O-51 Dragonfly, Ryan (S-USA-A-R-PN-N-AR1) Parasol-wing STOL monoplane. Three built. Type: YO-51 Function: liaison Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 440hp P&W R-985-21 Wing Span: 15.85m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: O-52 Owl, Curtiss (S-USA-A-RT-HN-N-AR1) Two-seat, high-wing monoplane, designed as a fast observation aircraft, able of operating from rough airfields. The wheels retracted in the forward fuselage, in the {BF2C} style. There was no operational need for the O-52, and all were used as trainers. 203 were built. Type: O-52 Task: observation Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 440kW P&W R-1340-51 Wing Span: 12.4m Length: Height: 3.03m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1782kg Max.Weight: 2394kg Max. Speed: 338km/h Ceiling: 5940m Max. Range: 1126km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm O-53 Havoc, Douglas (S-USA-A-R-HN-N-ARW2) Version of the {A-20} light bomber with photographic equipment in the bomb bay. Cancelled. O-54, Stinson (S-USA-A-R-HN-N-AI1) High-wing monoplane. Six were bought for evaluation. The USAAF then decided to buy a large number of slightly heavier {O-62}s. Type: YO-54 Task: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 60kW Continental O-170-1 Max. Speed: 145km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 2 * 45kg depth charges O-55, Erco (S-USA-A-R-LN-N-?1) Two-seat, low-wing monoplane. Type: YO-55 Task: observation Year: 1945 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 65hp Continental A65 Max. Speed: 187km/h Ceiling: 3955m Max. Range: 840km Armament: O-56, Lockheed (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2) USAAF version of the {PV} Ventura. Renamed {B-37}. O-57, Taylorcraft (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) Renamed {L-2} in 1942. O-58, Aeronca (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1) Also known as {L-3}. O-59, Piper (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1) Renamed {L-4}. O-60, Kellett (S-USA-R-R-R3-N-AR1) Autogiro, a more refined version of Kellett's earlier products, with an enclosed cockpit and a jump-start possibility. Seven built. Type: YO-60 Function: observation Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Jacobs R-915-3 Rotor Span: 43ft 2in Length: Height: 10ft 3in Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2640lb Speed: 125mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: O-61, AGA Aviation (S-USA-R-R-R?-?-?) Autogiro. Cancelled. O-62, Stinson (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AI1) Stinson 105 high-wing monoplane, a heavier development of the {O-54}. See {L-5}. O-63, Interstate (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) Also known as {L-6}. O-932, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1) Also known as the {O-41}. OA-1, Loening (I-USA-AS-R-B-N-AR1|IL1) Army version of the {OL}. OA-5, Douglas (I-USA-AF-*-HN-N-ARO2) Former {B-11} and {O-44}. The single YOA-5 was a twin-engined amphibian, that set a distance record in its category of 1662km. Type: YO-5 Task: observation amphibian Year: 1945 Crew: Engines: 2 * 930hp Wright YR-1820-45 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: OA-8, Sikorsky (I-USA-AF-C-PN-N-ARW2) Army version of the {JRS}. OA-9, Grumman (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2) Army version of the {JRF}. OA-10, Convair (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2) USAAF version of the {PBY} Catalina. OA-11, Sikorsky (I-USA-AF-C-PN-N-ARW2) Also known as the {JRS}. OA-13, Grumman (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2) Also known as the {JRF}. A version of the {OA-9} with another engine. OA-14, Grumman (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-AIW2) Version of the {J4F} Widgeon for the USAF. 11 aircraft originally intended for Portugal, and four fomrer civil aircraft. OC, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-FAR-B-N-AR1) Designation applied to the {F8C} fighter-bomber after 1928. OE, Cessna (P-USA-A-UR-HN-N-AI1) Two-seat monoplane. 197kW Continental O-470-2. 1955. 28 built. Renamed {O-1}B. OF Mohawk, Grumman (P-USA-A-AR-MN-N-TW2) Renamed O{V-1}. OJ, Berliner/Joyce (I-USA-AS-R-B-N-AR1) Two-seat observation biplane, with fixed landing gear and open cockpits. 40 built, and used as reconaissance aircraft for light cruisers from 1933 to 1935. Type: OJ-2 Function: observation floatplane Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp P&W wasp Junior Wing Span: 10.26m Length: 7.82m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max Weight: 1646kg Speed: 248km/h Ceiling: 4660m Range: 854km Armament: 2*mg, 500lb OL Spoonbill, Loening/Keystone (I-USA-AS-R-B-N-AR1|IL1) Observation floatplane. The space between the fuselage and the central float was faired in, as was continued on the Grumman {J2F} series, and was used for the radiator in versions with liquid-cooled engines. Type: OL-9 Function: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 425hp P&W Wasp Speed: 198km/h Ceiling: Range: 1040km Armament: OP, Pitcairn (?-USA-R-?-R?-?-?) Version of the Pitcairn PA34 autogiro. The USN evaluated one XOP-2, but decided against ordering more. OS2N Kingfisher, Vought/NAF (S-USA-A|AS-R-LN-N-AR1) Naval Aircraft Factory version of the {OS2U}. OS2U Kingfisher, Vought (S-USA-A|AS-R-LN-N-AR1) Catapult-launched, observation floatplane. The OS2U was a neat, compact mid-wing monoplane, with a big central float and small stabilising floats. Performance was modest, because of its light engine. The OS2U could also operate on fixed, wheeled landing gear. For the USN, the OS2U was with 1519 built the most used shipboard observation aircraft, and the most popular one of WWII --- although that doesn't mean that much, the competition including failed aircraft such as the {SO3C} and {SC}. The OS2U not only served on the battleships and cruisers of the USN, but also with the Royal Navy and the USCG. Type: OS2U-3 Task: observation Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-2 Wing Span: 10.69m Length: 10.08m Height: 4.6m Wing Area: 24.3m2 Empty Weight: 1870kg Max.Weight: 2721kg Max. Speed: 264km/h Ceiling: 3960m Max. Range: 1860km Armament: 2 * mg7.62mm 295kg b. OSE, Edo (?-USA-AS-R-?-?-AI1) Floatplane. One built. Type: XOSE-1 Task: observation Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 500hp Ranger V-770 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: OY, Stinson (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AI1) Navy versions of the {L-5} and {L-9}. OZ, Wilford (?-USA-RS-R-R?-?-?) Autogiro seaplane. --P--------------------------------------------------------------------------- P-1 Hawk, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) A development of the {PW-8}, first known as the XPW-8B. The P-1 was of mixed construction, with wooden wings and a steel-tube fuselage. From the P-1 were developed the {P-2} fighter, and also the {AT-4} and {AT-5} trainers. Over 115 built. Type: P-1B Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 330kW Curtiss V-1150-3 Wing Span: 9.63m Length: 6.91m Height: 2.72m Wing Area: 23.23m2 Empty Weight: 955kg Max.Weight: 1330kg Max. Speed: 257km/h Ceiling: 6900 m Max. Range: 966km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm P-2, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Derivative of the Curtiss {P-1} Hawk, powered by the 510hp Curtiss V-1400 engine. Five were built. One was fitted with a turbosuperchargers, three were converted back to {P-1}s, and one became the prototype {P-6} when fitted with the V-1570 engine. Type: P-2 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 510hp Curtiss V-1400 Wing Span: 9.63m Length: 6.96m Height: 2.62m Wing Area: 23.23m2 Empty Weight: 944kg Max.Weight: 1301kg Speed: 276km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: Armament: P-2 Neptune, Lockheed (P-USA-A-P-MN-N-ARW2|ARW2&JU2|TW2) Designed before WWII ended, the Neptune became the most famous post-war sea recce and ASW aircraft. The original design had two radial engines, but later small jets in nacelles under the wings were added to compensate for the increased weight. A Japanese development, the P-2J, has turboprop engines. The P-2 was not very fast, nor was it agile, but it could fly very long distances. The US Navy used it for some time as nuclear strike aircraft, and even operated the P2V-3C Neptune from carriers, with the limitation that they could not land on the carrier again. The USN naval reserve abandoned its last Neptunes in 1978; Japan retired the P-2J in 1995. Type: P-2H Function: ASW / reconaissance Year: 1947 Crew: 10 Engines: 2 * 2609kW Wright R-3350-32W 2 * 3400lb Westinghouse J34-WE-34 Wing Span: 31.65m Length: 27.94m Height: 8.94m Wing Area: 92.9m2 Empty Weight: 22650kg Max. Weight: 36240kg Speed: 555km/h Ceiling: 6700m Range: 3540km Armament: 5440kg P2B, Boeing (S-USA-A-X-MN-N-ARW4) Four Boeing {B-29}s in Navy service as test aircraft. P2D, Douglas (I-USA-A|AS-P-B-N-ARW2) Development of the {T2D}. Biplane patrol aircraft, on wheels or floats. Type: P2D Year: 1932 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 575hp Wright Cyclone Speed: 216km/h Ceiling: 3665m Range: Armament: P2M, Martin (?-USA-AF-P-?-?-?) Flying boat. P2V, Lockheed (P-USA-A-P-MN-N-ARW2|ARW2&JU2|TW2) Renamed {P-2}. P2Y, Consolidated (I-USA-AF-P-B-N-ARB2|ARW2) Development of the {PY}. Sesquiplane flying boat. The P2Y-3 had the engines moved from between the wings to the upper wing. Type: P2Y-3 Function: patrol Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * Wright R-1820-90 Max. Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: 5040m Max. Range: 4270km Armament: P-3, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1) The Curtiss P-3s were derivatives of the {P-1} with air-cooled radial engines. The original Curtiss R-1454 was a failure, and was replaced with the Pratt & Whitney R-1340. Six were built, mainly used for experimental work. Type: P-3A Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 410hp P&W R-1340-3 Wing Span: 9.63m Length: 6.83m Height: 2.67m Wing Area: 23.41m2 Empty Weight: 887km/h Max.Weight: 1265kg Speed: 246km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.62mm P-3 Orion, Lockheed (M-USA-A-P|E-LN-N-TW4) Turboprop-engined sea reconnaissance and ASW aircraft, a development of the L.188 Electra transport. The Orion is the current ASW aircraft of the US Navy; attempts to replace it were abandoned. A downgraded version was sold to Iran. Canada purchased a version with the avionics developed for the {S-3} Viking, known as 'Aurora'. Four AEW versions of the P-3 with rotating dorsal radomes are in service with the US Customs Service. Another AEW version of the P-3, known as the EP-3E Aries, has canoe fairings under and above the fuselage. Type: P-3C Function: ASW / reconaissance Year: 1969 Crew: 12 Engines: 4 * 3660kW Allison T56-A-14 Wing Span: 30.38m Length: 35.61m Height: 10.27m Wing Area: 120.77m2 Empty Weight: 27982kg Max.Weight: 64410kg Speed: 760km/h Ceiling: 8600m Range: 7700km Armament: 9070kg P3D, Douglas (I-USA-AF-P-?-?-?) Maritime patrol aircraft, competing with the Consolidated {P3Y}, that entered production as the {PBY}. The P3D was a good aircraft, but more expensive than the P3Y. P3M, Martin (I-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARU2) Twin-engined, parasol-wing flying boat. A fairly elegant design, but for the large number of struts. Type: P3M-1 Function: patrol Year: Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 425hp P&W Wasp Wing Span: 30.5m Length: 18.8m Height: 5m Wing Area: 103.5m2 Empty Weight: 4168kg Max.Weight: Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: 1600km P3V Orion, Lockheed Renamed {P-3}. P3Y, Consolidated (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2) This flying boat was renamed {PBY} Catalina when it entered production. P-4, Boeing (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Derivative of the {PW-9} with Packard 1A-1500 turbocharged engine, new wings, and a four-bladed propeller. Only one was built, and had disappointing performance. Type: XP-4 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 510hp Packard 1A-1500 Empty Weight: 2711lb Max.Weight: 3603lb Speed: 161mph Ceiling: 22000ft Range: 375mls Armament: 4*mg7.62mm P4M Mercator, Martin (P-USA-A-P|E-MN-N-ARW2|JW2) A less successful competitor for the {P-2} Neptune. A small number was built and used as ELINT aircraft. Flying along the borders of the USSR during the Cold War wasn't very safe: Several P4M's were shot at. 21 built. Type: P4M-1Q Function: ELINT Year: 1949 Crew: 14 Engines: 2 * 2424kW P&W R-4360-20A 2 * 1800kg Allison J33-A-10A Wing Span: 34.75m Length: 25.60m Height: 7.95m Wing Area: 121.79m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 40088kg Speed: 675km/h Ceiling: 7700m Range: 4570km Armament: 4*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm 2722kg P4Y, Consolidated (S-USA-AF-P-?-?-?2) (S-USA-A-PB-HN-N-ARW4) The original P4Y Corregidor was a large twin-engined flying boat. The wing and tail design were later used for the {B-24}. A version of the B-24 for the US Navy, the {PB4Y}, was renamed P4Y after the war. P-5 Superhawk, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Curtiss {P-1} Hawk derivative with a turbocharged 435hp Curtiss V-1150-4 engine. The P-5 had good high-altitude performance, but the USAAC decided to wait for the Curtiss Conqueror engine. Five built. Type: P-5 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 435hp V-1150-4 Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 7.21m Height: 2.82m Wing Area: 23.41m2 Empty Weight: 1143kg Max.Weight: 1519kg Speed: 278km/h Ceiling: 31900ft Range: 1.3hrs Armament: 2*mg7.62mm P-5 Marlin, Martin (P-USA-AF-P-HN-N-ARW2) ASW flying boat. The P-5, former P5M, was the last flying boat of the US Navy. The P-5 was a development of the {PBM} Mariner, with a new, longer hull. The P5M-2 version had a T-tail. Typical features of the P5M were the bulbous radar nose and raised cockpit deck. The P5M was used for ASW missions by the US Navy, and briefly by the USCG as SAR aircraft. During the Vietnam war the P-5s flew coast patrols. The only other user was France, which operated ten P5Ms. 284 built. Type: P5M-2 Function: ASW / reconnaissance Year: 1948 Crew: 8 Engines: 2 * 2575kW Wright R-3350-32WA Wing Span: 36.02m Length: 30.66m Height: 9.97m Wing Area: 130.62m2 Empty Weight: 22900kg Max.Weight: 38555kg Speed: 404km/h Ceiling: 7315m Range: 3300km Armament: 2*g20mm, 3630kg P5M, Martin (P-USA-AF-P-HN-N-ARW2) Renamed {P-5}. P5Y Tradewind, Convair (P-USA-AF-P-HN-N-TW4) Big flying boat, powered by four powerful but unreliable Allison T40 turboprop engines. It did not enter service in this form, but was converted to the {R3Y} transport aircraft. Type: XP5Y-1 Function: patrol Year: 1950 Crew: Engines: 4 * 3805kW Allison XT40-A-4 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3628kg P-6 Hawk, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Another member of the Curtiss {P-1} Hawk family. The D-12 (V-1150) engine was replaced by the larger and more powerful V-1750 Conqueror. 50 built, all but four were P-6E's. Type: P-6E Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 440kW Curtiss V-1750-23 Conqueror C Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 7.67m Height: 2.69m Wing Area: 23.41m2 Empty Weight: 1224kg Max.Weight: 1558kg Max. Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 7500m Max. Range: 244mls Armament: 2*mg7.62mm P6M Seamaster, Martin (P-USA-AF-PA-HS-N-JW4) Swept-wing jet flying boat. Only four were built, because the requirement for such aircraft disappeared. Type: P6M-2 Function: maritime patrol Year: 1959 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 7940kg P&W J75-P-2 Speed: 965km/h Ceiling: 12200m Range: 2415km Armament: 2*g20mm P6Y, Convair (P-USA-AF-P-?-?-?) Advanced flying boat design, competing with the {P7M}. Not built. P-7, Boeing (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Derivative of the {PW-9}D with Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror engine. The engine was satisfactory, but did not improve performance much: The airframe design was obsolete. One built. Type: XP-7 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570 Empty Weight: 2358lb Max.Weight: 3260lb Speed: 168mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm P-7, Lockheed (M-USA-A-P-?-?-?) The P-7 would have been a replacement and development of the {P-3} Orion, but was cancelled recently. P7M Submaster, Martin (P-USA-AF-P-HN-N-ARW4) The P7M was a planned development of the {P5M}. The P7M would have been powered by four R-1820 radials, with an additional J85 jet engine to provide air for boundary layer control. Never built. P-8, Boeing (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-IL1) Biplane fighter, a modification of the {F2B} with the new Packard 2A-1500 engine. Performance was disappointing. One built. Type: XP-8 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Packard 2A-1500 Empty Weight: 2390lb Max.Weight: 3521lb Max. Speed: 173mph Ceiling: 23000ft Max. Range: 325mls Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm P-9, Boeing (I-USA-A-F-HN-N-IL1) Shoulder-wing monoplane fighter. The pilot's cockpit was positioned behind the wing, which put it very far back to the tail. The P-9 was innovative in layout and construction, but had completely unacceptable flying characteristics. After 15 hours of flying, it was grounded. One built. Type: XP-9 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570 Wing Span: 11.13m Length: 7.66m Height: 2.36m Wing Area: 19.51m2 Empty Weight: 1210kg Max.Weight: 1643kg Max. Speed: 343km/h Ceiling: 26800ft Max. Range: 425mls Armament: P-10, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Biplane fighter, a very clean design with a gulled upper wing. But performance was little better than that of fighters already in service, and the surface radiators applied were troublesome. One built. Type: XP-10 Task: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-15 Wing Span: 10.06m Length: 7.47m Height: 2.64m Wing Area: 25.08m2 Max. Speed: 346km/h Ceiling: 26500ft Max. Range: 740km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm P-11, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AI1) Another Curtiss Hawk derivative: a {P-6} with a 600hp Curtiss H-1640 Chieftain engine. This engine was a failure, and the XP-11 project was abandoned. The airframes were completed as two {P-6}s and one {P-20}. P-12, Boeing (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1) Biplane fighter. The naval version of this aircraft was the {F4B}. The Army initially had a F4B on loan for testing. The F4B/P-12 was the numerically most important US fighter of the interbellum. It was a rather conventional biplane; the P-12E introduced a semi- monococque fuselage that replaced the earlier fabric-covered one. The P-12 served in the front line until 1935 and as a trainer until 1941. Type: P-12E Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 525hp P&W R-1340-17 Wing Span: 9.14m Length: 6.17m Height: 2.74m Wing Area: 21.13m2 Empty Weight: 907kg Max.Weight: 1220kg Max. Speed: 304km/h Ceiling: 31400ft Max. Range: 585mls Armament: P-13 Viper, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AI1) Biplane fighter, of all-metal construction with corrugated skinning. This fighter was the victim of its unsatisfactory Curtiss H-1640 engine. A change to an P&W R-1340 came too late. This was also the end for the Thomas-Morse company; it was bought by Consolidated. Type: XP-13 Task: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss H-1640-1 Wing Span: 8.53m Length: 7.16m Height: 2.56m Wing Area: 17.56m2 Empty Weight: 1026kg Max.Weight: 1477kg Max. Speed: 277km/h Ceiling: 20800ft Max. Range: Armament: none P-14, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AI1) Curtiss-built {P-13}. Cancelled. P-15, Boeing (I-USA-A-F-PN-N-AR1) Parasol-wing fighter, essentially a {P-12}E fuselage with a new wing. The air force was not yet willing the decrease in manoeuvrability and increase in landing speed of monoplanes, and the XP-15 remained experimental. Type: XP-15 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W SR-1340D Wing Span: 9.29m Length: 6.40m Height: 2.84m Wing Area: 14.61m2 Empty Weight: 931kg Max.Weight: 1245kg Max. Speed: 298km/h Ceiling: 26550ft Max. Range: 421mls Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 227kg P-16, Berliner-Joyce (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1|AR1) Two-seat biplane fighter, the last fighter biplane in USAAC service. The P-16 was of metal construction; the upper wing was gulled into the front fuselage and of longer span than the upper wing. Their performance was rather low and they easily overturned on landing; after two years they were retired. 26 built. Type: P-16 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 447kW Curtiss V-1570-25 Wing Span: 10.36m Length: 8.59m Height: 2.74m Wing Area: 25.92m2 Empty Weight: 1271kg Max Weight: 1813kg Max. Speed: 282km/h Ceiling: 21600ft Max. Range: 1046km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm 112kg P-17, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AI1) A conversion of the {P-1} Hawk to test the Wright V-1460-3 Tornado engine. This was an inverted in-line, air-cooled engine. Type: XP-17 Function: experimental Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 480hp Wright V-1460-3 Wing Span: 9.63m Length: 6.96m Height: 2.62m Wing Area: 23.41m2 Empty Weight: 1000kg Max.Weight: 1358kg Speed: 265km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: P-18, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-?1) Biplane fighter with Wright V-1560 engine. Cancelled. P-19, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-N-N-?1) Monoplane fighter with Wright V-1560 engine. Cancelled. P-20, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1) The YP-20 was a conversion of an uncompleted {P-11} airframe, with an 650hp Wright R-1820. The {P-22} with its Curtiss Conqueror engine was preferred. The YP-20 was later modified to have this engine, and became the X{P-6}E. Type: YP-20 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 575hp Curtiss R-1820-9 Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 7.24m Height: 2.79m Wing Area: 23.41m2 Empty Weight: 1124kg Max.Weight: 1466kg Speed: 301km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: P-21, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1) The XP-21 was a conversion of the X{P-3}A as testbed for the P&W R-985 Wasp Junior. P-22, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) The XP-22 was the prototype of the P-6E, with a Curtiss V-1570-23 engine, and aerodynamic refinements. It began life as a {P-6}, and ended its life as an P-6A. In between, it served as prototype for the Y1P-22, which was later renamed P-6C, and still later P-6E. Confused? P-23, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Last Curtiss biplane fighter, a much-modified P-6E with a turbosupercharged engine, new tail and landing gear, cleaned up nose contours, and a three-bladed propeller. The Army finally decided to adopt monoplane fighters (the {P-26}) and only one P-23 was built. Type: XP-23 Task: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Curtiss G1V-1570-C Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 7.26m Height: 2.89m Wing Area: 23.41m2 Empty Weight: 1485kg Max.Weight: 1870kg Max. Speed: 359km/h Ceiling: 33000ft Max. Range: 700km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm P-24, Lockheed (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) Large two-seat fighter, developed from the Lockheed Altair. The P-24 was a cantilever monoplane with enclosed cockpits and retractable landing gear. The depression of 1931 and the bankrupcy of Lockheed halted development. Two built. Type: YP-24 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 440kW Curtiss V-1570-23 Wing Span: 13.04m Length: 8.76m Height: 2.59m Wing Area: 27.13m2 Empty Weight: 1365kg Max.Weight: 1978kg Max. Speed: 378km/h Ceiling: 25000ft Max. Range: 895km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm P-25, Consolidated (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) Consolidated development of the Lockheed {P-24}. Consolidated took over because Lockheed had ceased to exist. It made some changes, including an all-metal wing and a turbocharger. One built, but the design was developed into the {P-30}. Type: Y1P-25 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-27 Conqueror Wing Span: 13.36m Length: 8.94m Height: 2.62m Wing Area: 27.49m2 Empty Weight: 1763kg Max.Weight: 2318kg Speed: 397km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.62mm P-26 "Peashooter", Boeing (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) First monoplane USAAF fighter. The stubby P-26 introduced the monoplane to the USAAC, but kept the open cockpit, bracing wires and fixed landing gear of older types. Boeing may have been a little irritated by such conservatism and built more modern aircraft, but the USAAC didn't want them. The P-26 was a very popular aircraft, that remained in service until 1941. It saw brief action in China, and after Pearl Harbour in the Phillipines. Guatemala used them until 1957! Type: P-26A Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 373kW P&W R-1340-27 Wing Span: 8.52m Length: 7.19m Height: 3.06m Wing Area: 13.89m2 Empty Weight: 997kg Max.Weight: 1340kg Max. Speed: 377km/h Ceiling: 8350m Max. Range: 580km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm P-27, Consolidated (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The Y1P-27 was a {P-25} reengined with a P&W R-1340-21. Cancelled. P-28, Consolidated (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The Y1P-27 was a {P-25} reengined with a P&W R-1340-19. Cancelled. P-29, Boeing (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The XP-29 was built by Boeing as a more modern alternative to the {P-26}. It had a cantilever wing, a retractable undercarriage, a NACA cowling and (initially) an enclosed cockpit. But it was not accepted by the USAAC. Three built. Type: YP-29 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp P&W R-1340-35 Wing Span: 8.95m Length: 7.61m Height: 2.33m Wing Area:16.41m2 Empty Weight: 1135kg Max.Weight: 1483kg Max. Speed: 389km/h Ceiling: 26000ft Max. Range: 1300km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm P-30, Consolidated (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) Production version of the {P-25}. The P-30 retained to the low-wing monoplane, two-seat configuration. 54 were built, that were later redesignated {PB-2}. The idea of a two-seat fighter was never popular, and the service career of the type was brief. Later a single-seat version was offered to the USAF, but was rejected. Type: P-30A Task: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 675hp Curtiss V-1570-57 Wing Span: 13.38m Length: 9.14m Height: 2.51m Wing Area: 27.59m2 Empty Weight: 1953kg Max.Weight: 2560kg Max. Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: 28000ft Max. Range: 817km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm P-31 Swift, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1|AR1) The XP-31 was also known as the X{P-934}. It was a monoplane fighter, with an enclosed cockpit, but fixed undercarriage and external braces. Performance was disappointing, and the Army preferred the {P-26}. It was flown with a Wright R-1820 radial and a Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror line engine. One built. Type: XP-31 Task: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Curtiss V-1570-53 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 8.00m Height: 2.36m Wing Area: 18.86m2 Empty Weight: 1512kg Max.Weight: 1879kg Max. Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 22700ft Max. Range: 595km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm P-32, Boeing (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Version of the {P-29}A with a P&W R-1535. Cancelled. P-33, Consolidated (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) A {P-30} with a 800hp P&W R-1830-1. Cancelled. P-34, Williams (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Fighter developed from the famous Wedell-Williams racing aircraft. Cancelled. P-35, Seversky (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) This monoplane fighter built in competition with the Curtiss {P-36}. The P-35 actually won the competition, but Seversky was unable to build the P-35 at the rate demanded by the USAAC. It was soon understood that the P-35 was too slow, too cumbersome and too lightly armed, and it was retired from frontline service before Pearl Harbour. Later the type was exported to Sweden as the EP-1, and the last 60 of the 120 ordered by Sweden were requisitioned by the USAAC and given the designation P-35A. Type: P-35A Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 770kW P&W R-1830-45 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 8.18m Height: 2.97m Wing Area: 20.44m2 Empty Weight: 2077kg Max.Weight: 3052kg Max. Speed: 499km/h Ceiling: 9550m Max. Range: 1850km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm P-36 Hawk, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The P-36 was, together with the {P-35}, the first USAAF fighter making use of modern technology. Designed in six months by 'Don' Berlin, it suffered long development and numerous theething troubles. Fighter development was quick in these days, and the P-36 was already obsolete at the outbreak of WWII. They fought at Pearl Harbour, but were soon retired thereafter. However, large numbers were exported as Hawk 75, in versions with both fixed (Hawk 75-H, M, N and O) and retractable landing gear (Hawk 75-A). Customers included France, Britain, Norway, and China. Their low performance was partially compensated by their excellent handling and manoeuvrability. Curtiss built also a Hawk 75R with a turbosupercharged R-1830 engine. 1424 were built. Type: P-36A Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 770kW R-1830-13 Wing Span: 11.39m Length: 8.70m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 21.92m2 Empty Weight: 2073kg Max.Weight: 2728kg Max. Speed: 483km/h Ceiling: 10100m Max. Range: 1330km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm Type: Hawk 75A-4 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1200hp Wright GR-1820-G205A Wing Span: 11.38m Length: 8.74m Height: 2.82m Wing Area: 21.92m2 Empty Weight: 2060kg Max.Weight: 2608kg Speed: 520km/h Ceiling: 9967m Range: 1625km Armament: 4*mg7.5mm Type: Hawk 75-O Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 875hp Wright GR-180-G3 Wing Span: 11.39m Length: 8.72m Height: 2.82m Wing Area: 21.92m2 Empty Weight: 1803kg Max.Weight: 2911kg Speed: 451km/h Ceiling: 9690m Range: 1947km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm b. P-37, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) The P-37 was derived from the {P-36}, but had a liquid-cooled, turbocharged V-1710 engine. The cockpit had to be moved aft the restore the center of gravity. The engine installation was problematic, the supercharger being not very reliable. 14 built. Type: YP-37 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1000hp Allison V-1710-21 Wing Span: 11.38m Length: 10.01m Height: 2.89m Wing Area: 21.29m2 Empty Weight: 2596kg Max.Weight: 3125kg Max. Speed: 533km/h Ceiling: 34000ft Range: 917km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm P-37, Hughes (S-USA-A-F-HN-T-ARW2) Night fighter project, built of wood. Rejected, but revived as the X{A-37}. P-38 Lightning, Lockheed (S-USA-A-F-N-T-IL2) Unusual twin-boom WWII fighter. Most US fighters with the Allison V-1710 engine suffered from bad performance at higher altitudes, but the P-38 was fitted with turbochargers in the tail booms, behind the engines. Armament was concentrated in the nose of the central nacelle. The P-38 was not very suitable for combat in Europe, but achieved great succes in the Pacific. The P-38F was the first combat-ready model. The P-38J introduced new air intakes for the radiators, finally solving cooling prolems. 10037 built. Type: P-38F Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 900kW Allison V-1710-49/53 Wing Span: 15.85m Length: 11.53m Height: 3.91m Wing Area: 30.5m2 Empty Weight: 5902kg Max.Weight: 7173kg Max. Speed: 628km/h Ceiling: 11900m Max. Range: 1125km Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm Type: P-38J-25-LO Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * Allison V-1710-89/91 Wing Span: 15.85m Length: 11.53m Height: 3.91m Wing Area: 30.5m2 Empty Weight: 6401kg Max.Weight: 9806kg Speed: 666km/h Ceiling: Range: 3025km Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm 2*b726kg P-39 Airacobra, Bell (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) The small Airacobra fighter had an engine buried in the fuselage above the wing, behind the pilot, driving the prop by a long shaft. The P-39 was a disappointment as fighter, with too low performance to intercept Japanese bombers. This was mostly due to the removal of the turbosupercharger from production aircraft, which turned the P-39 from a promising high-altitude interceptor into a mediocre low-altitude fighter and attack aircraft. The USSR found it to be a good ground-attack aircraft, because it was rugged and had a 37mm cannon. 9558 built. Type: P-39D Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1200kW Allison V-1710-35 Wing Span: 10.37m Length: 9.21m Height: 3.60m Wing Area: 19.79m2 Empty Weight: 2860kg Max.Weight: 4018kg Max. Speed: 539km/h Ceiling: 32100ft Max. Range: 1770km Armament: 1xg37mm 4xmg7.62mm 2xmg12.7mm 1*b227kg Type: P-39N Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1200hp Allison V-1710-85 Wing Span: 10.37m Length: 9.21m Height: 3.79m Wing Area: 19.79m2 Empty Weight: 2906kg Max.Weight: 3995kg Speed: 605km/h Ceiling: Range: 1570km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm 1*b227kg P-40 Warhawk, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) The P-40 was a development of the {P-36} with a liquid-cooled engine, known to the manufacturer as Hawk 81 and to the British as {Tomahawk}. It suffered from the obsoleteness of the basic design. The P-40 was never the equal of its opponents, but despite this it served throughout WWII. It most famous user was the AVG, better known as the 'Flying Tigers', a group of American pilots hired by China. The P-40D model introduced a strongly modified nose and a new engine; this version was known as Hawk 87 to the manufacturer and {Kittyhawk} to the British. The P-40 was sturdy and had good diving characteristics, but was outperformed by modern fighters, despite continuous improvement. Later P-40s had lengthened fuselages, a lighter structure, and even Packard V-1650 Merlin engines. 13738 were built. Type: P-40C Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1090hp Allison V-1710-33 Wing Span: 11.37m Length: 9.66m Height: 3.22m Wing Area: 21.92m2 Empty Weight: 2636kg Max.Weight: 3655kg Speed: 555km/h Ceiling: 8990m Range: 1287km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 4*mg7.62mm Type: P-40E-1 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1150kW Allison V-1710-39 Wing Span: 11.38m Length: 9.68m Height: 3.76m Wing Area: 21.92m2 Empty Weight: 3133kg Max.Weight: 4131kg Max. Speed: 582km/h Ceiling: 8900m Max. Range: 1370km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 227kg Type: P-40F-5 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1300hp Packard V-1650-1 Wing Span: 11.38m Length: 10.17m Height: 3.76m Wing Area: 21.92m2 Empty Weight: 3178kg Max.Weight: 4540kg Speed: 586km/h Ceiling: Range: 2414km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 227kg Type: P-40N-20 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1015kW Allison V-1710-81 Wing Span: 11.42m Length: 10.20m Height: 3.77m Wing Area: 21.95m2 Empty Weight: 2724kg Max.Weight: 4018kg Speed: 609km/h Ceiling: 11630m Range: Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 227kg P-41, Republic (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) This was a development of {P-35} as high-altitude fighter, with a mechanical two-stage supercharger for its R-1830 engine. The turbo-supercharged {P-43} was preferred. Only one built. Type: XP-41 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 880kW P&W R-1830-19 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 8.23m Height: 3.81m Wing Area: 20.44m2 Empty Weight: 2445kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 520km/h Ceiling: Range: 1175km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm P-42 Hawk, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The XP-42 was a development of the {P-36} with a close-cowled radial engine, as part of a drag reduction research programme. One built. Type: XP-42 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1050hp P&W R-1830-31 Wing Span: 11.38m Length: 9.22m Height: 2.97m Wing Area: 21.92m2 Empty Weight: 2185kg Max.Weight: 2767kg Max. Speed: 552km/h Ceiling: Range: 1175km Armament: P-43 Lancer, Republic (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Development of the {P-35}. The P-43 was heavier, but the addition of a turbosupercharger improved performance considerably. Nevertheless the performance of the P-43 was not up to European standards, and it lacked armour protection. Most P-43s were only ordered to keep the production lines of Republic open, until the {P-47} could be delivered. Only the P-43s lend-leased to China saw combat. 272 built. Type: P-43A Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 880kW P&W R-1830-57 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 8.69m Height: 4.27m Wing Area: 20.72m2 Empty Weight: 2722kg Max.Weight: 3850kg Max. Speed: 573km/h Ceiling: 11000m Max. Range: 2300km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm P-44 Rocket, Republic (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Development of {P-43}, more powerful and with armour and armament increased. Cancelled in favour of the {P-47}. Type: XP-44 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1030kW Wright R-1820-1 Max. Speed: km/h Ceiling: m Max. Range: km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm P-45 Airacobra, Bell (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) The USAAF intended to use this number for the production version of the Airacobra. In the end it was called {P-39}C. P-46, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) Single-seat fighter. The P-46 was broadly based on the {P-40}, but incorporated features that seemed desirable after a study of European fighter designs: an inboard-retracting wide-track undercarriage, leading edge slats, and eight machine guns. It also had a ventral radiator batch, preceding the similar design of the {P-51}. The P-46 was designed to improve on the P-40, but the P-40D with the same engine had superior performance! Two built. Type: XP-46 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 845kW Allison V-1710-39 Wing Span: 10.47m Length: 9.19m Height: 3.97m Wing Area: 19.32m2 Empty Weight: 2554kg Max.Weight: 3480kg Max. Speed: 571km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 325mls Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 8*mg7.62mm P-47, Republic (P-47 and P-47A) (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) The first P-47 project had an Allison V-1710 and an armament of only two .50 guns. Cancelled in favour of an R-2800 engined fighter, also called {P-47}. P-47 Thunderbolt, Republic (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The P-47 was a big and very powerful high-altitude fighter. It was designed round the powerful R-2800 engine and its turbocharger, because the USAAF had (entirely justified) misgivings about fitting all its fighters with the Allison V-1710. The R-2800 was powerful, thirsty, costly to operate, but rugged and reliable. By extracting all possible power from it, the P-47 evolved into a fighter that was equal or superior to its adversaries. With drop tanks, the P-47 could fly escort missions deep into Germany, and it did much to defeat the Luftwaffe. The P-47M was the fastest US fighter in WWII service. Because of a shorter range and more rugged structure than the {P-51}, the P-47 was later used as fighter-bomber, in which role it performed extremely well. Most built US fighter of WWII with 15683 aircraft. Large numbers served in other airforces, including those of Britain and France. Type: P-47C Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2300hp P&W R-2800-21 Wing Span: 12.42m Length: 10.99m Height: 4.32m Wing Area: 27.9m2 Empty Weight: 4858kg Max.Weight: 7355kg Speed: 697km/h Ceiling: Range: 2776km Armament: 8*mg12.7mm 1*b227kg Type: P-47D-30-RE Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1865kW P&W R-2800-59 Wing Span: 12.42m Length: 10.99m Height: 4.44m Wing Area: 27.9m2 Empty Weight: 4812kg Max.Weight: 7900kg Max. Speed: 687km/h Ceiling: 12800m Max. Range: 2900km Armament: 8*mg12.7mm 1135kg Type: P-47N-5 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2800hp P&W R-2800-57 Wing Span: 12.97m Length: 10.79m Height: Wing Area: 29.91m2 Empty Weight: 5285kg Max.Weight: 9380kg Speed: 740km/h Ceiling: Range: 3781km Armament: 8*mg12.7mm 1135kg P-48, Douglas (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AI1) Design for a small, lightweight high-altitude fighter. The V-770 engine was the same as used by the Bell {P-77}. The P-48 design featured a high aspect ratio wing and tricycle landing gear. Cancelled. Type: XP-48 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 525 hp Ranger SGV-770 Max. Speed: 525mph Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm P-49, Lockheed (S-USA-A-F-N-T-IL2) The XP-49 was developed from the {P-38}. It was intended to have a pressurised cockpit and Pratt & Whitney X-1800 24-cylinder engines. These were later replaced by XIV-1430 engines later. It proved inferior to the P-38J. Only one was built. Type: XP-49 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1175kW Continental XIV-1430-13/15 Wing Span: 15.85m Length: 12.22m Height: 2.98m Wing Area: 30.42m2 Empty Weight: 6990kg Max.Weight: 18750lb Max. Speed: 653km/h Ceiling: 37500ft Max. Range: 1800mls Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm (not fitted) P-50 Skyrocket, Grumman (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-ARW2) USAAF version of {F5F}. The XP-50 had a nosewheel undercarriage, a longer nose, and supercharged engines. The fuselage was redesigned to have a smoother, shark-like shape. It was better than the XF5F-1, but the programme ended when the XP-50 was lost. Type: XP-50 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * R-1820-67/69 Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 9.73m Height: 3.66m Wing Area: 28.24m2 Empty Weight: 3768kg Max.Weight: 5924kg Speed: 682km/h Ceiling: Range: 940km Armament: (2*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm) P-51 Mustang, North American (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) This best known US fighter of WWII was built to British requirements. The British reluctantly accepted North American's proposal to design a new fighter for them, instead of license-building {P-40}s, and the USAAF was at first not interested at all. The P-51 was a clean and very refined design, with a laminar flow wing and carefully positioned radiator bath. The early P-51, with Allison V-1710 engine, was an excellent low-altitude reconnaissance fighter, but had low performance above 15000ft. After reengining with the R.R. Merlin, the P-51B was one of the best fighters of WWII. It proved to be the ideal fighter to escort the bomber force on the long missions over Germany. The P-51D sacrificed some speed for the introduction of a 'bubble' hood, offering much better vision. The P-51F, G and J versions were lightweight developments, with only a superficial resemblance to the original Mustang; the P-51H was more directly related to the P-51D, but powered by the more powerful V-1650-9 engine. After WWII, the P-51D played a very important role as fighter-bomber in Korea. 14819 built. Type: P-51A Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1200hp Allison V-1710-81 Wing Span: 11.28m Length: 9.83m Height: 3.71m Wing Area: 21.65m2 Empty Weight: 3110kg Max.Weight: 4812kg Speed: 628km/h Ceiling: Range: 2011km Armament: Type: P-51D Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100kW RR-Packard V-1650-7 Merlin Wing Span: 11.28m Length: 9.83m Height: 4.16m Wing Area: 21.83m2 Empty Weight: 3466kg Max.Weight: 5493kg Max. Speed: 703km/h Ceiling: 12800m Max. Range: 3350km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg P-52, Bell (S-USA-A-F-?N-T-ILP1) The P-52 was a design for a twin-boom, pusher-prop fighter. It featured 20 degrees of wing sweepback and a nose-mounted radiator. It was cancelled in favour of the more powerful X{P-59}, similar but powered by the P&W R-2800. Later the P-59 designation was used for the first US jet fighter, the Airacomet. Type: XP-52 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1250hp Continental XIV-1430-5 Max. Speed: 425mph Ceiling: 40000ft Max. Range: 960mls Armament: 2*g20mm 6*mg12.7mm P-53, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) Variation on the {P-40} with a new, laminar flow wing and the XIV-1430 engine. Cancelled together with the engine; the design became the basis for the {P-60}. Type: XP-53 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 920kW Continental XIV-1430-3 Max. Speed: 724km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 8*mg12.7mm P-54, Vultee (S-USA-A-F-LN-T-ILP1) Experimental twin-boom pusher-prop fighter. The XP-54 was built to specification R-40C, issued by the USAAC to encourage the development of fighters with an unusual configuration. The XP-54 was the first US fighter to have an ejector seat: the pilot entered the aircraft by lowering the seat under the aircraft -- the cockpit hood was fixed -- and could leave it in an emergency by catapulting the seat downwards. The entire nose could be elevated and depressed to make gun ranging easier. The XP-54 was abandoned because of its unsatisfactory engine. Two built. Type: XP-54 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2200hp Lycoming XH-2470-1 Wing Span: 16.68m Length: 16.40m Height: 4.42m Wing Area: 42.36m Empty Weight: 6929kg Max.Weight: 8779kg Max. Speed: 381mph Ceiling: 37000 ft Max. Range: Armament: 2*g37mm 2*mg12.7mm P-55 Ascender, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-LS-F-ILP1) Experimental fighter of canard configuration with a pusher engine, designed in repsonse to the R-40C specification. The wing was swept back, with fins and rudders fitted towards the tips. The originally planned engine was the P&W X-1800, but this was not available. The XP-55 had unimpressive performance. Three built. Type: XP-55 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1275hp Allison V-1710-95 Wing Span: 12.50m Length: 9.02m Height: 3.07m Wing Area: 21.83m2 Empty Weight: 2884kg Max.Weight: 3600kg Max. Speed: 607km/h Ceiling: 10920m Max. Range: 2317km Armament: 4*mg12.7mm P-56 "Black Bullet", Northrop (S-USA-A-F-MN-N-F-ARP1) The XP-56 was developed to specification R-40C, that encouraged the development of unconventional fighters. It was a tailless aircraft of magnesium construction. A setback occured when the original engine was cancelled and had to be replaced by the P&W R-2800. The handling characteristics and performance of the P-56 were unsatisfactory; one was lost and the second was finally declared unairworthy. Important lessons were learnt for the {B-35}. Type: XP-56 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2000hp P&W R-2800-29 Wing Span: 12.95m Length: 8.38m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 28.4m2 Empty Weight: 3950kg Max.Weight: 5514kg Max. Speed: 671km/h Ceiling: 33000ft Max. Range: 660mls Armament: 2*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm P-57, Tucker (S-USA-A-F-N?-N-I?1) Lightweight high-altitude fighter. The XP-57 had a low-powered engine in the mid-fuselage, behind the pilot, driving the propeller by an extension shaft. Cancelled. Type: XP-57 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 720hp Miller L-510 Max. Speed: 308mph Ceiling: Max. Range: 960mls Armament: 3*mg12.7mm P-58 Chain Lightning, Lockheed (S-USA-A-F-N-T-IL2) Long-term development of {P-38}. Numerous changes of requirements and engines resulted in a waste of money and excessively long development. It finally emerged as a high-altitude bomber destroyer, with turbosupercharged engines, aft-facing dorsal and ventral gun turrets, and interchangeable forward-firing armament of four 37mm cannon or one 75mm cannon and two 12.7mm machine guns. Only one, unarmed, prototype was built. Type: XP-58 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * Allison V-3420-11/13 Wing Span: 21.34m Length: 15.06m Height: 4.14m Wing Area: 55.74m2 Empty Weight: 14357kg Max.Weight: 20430kg Max. Speed: 436mph Ceiling: 38400ft Max. Range: 2650mls Armament: 4*g37mm 4*mg12.7mm 4000lb P-59, Bell (S-USA-A-F-?N-T-ARP1) The first P-59 was a pusher prop fighter project developed from the {P-52}, but with a P&W R-2800-52 engine buried in the central nacelle. Cancelled. P-59 Airacomet, Bell (S-USA-A-FX-MN-N-J2) First US jet aircraft. In all but its engines the P-59 was thorougly conventional design. The two jet engines were placed under the wing roots, to make maintenance and their possible replacement by other engines easier. The P-59 was a rather big aircraft and underpowered, and it was a failure as a fighter. It was used as an operational trainer for the conversion to jet engines. 64 built. Type: P-59A Function: fighter / trainer Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1650lb G.E. J31-GE-3 Wing Span: 13.87m Length: 11.62m Height: 3.65m Wing Area: 35.86m2 Empty Weight: 3606kg Max.Weight: 5902kg Max. Speed: 658km/h Ceiling: 14090m Max. Range: 5837km Armament: 1*g37mm 3*mg12.7mm P-60, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The P-60 was developed from the {P-53}, originally with a V-1650 Merlin engine (XP-60 and XP-60D), later with a V-1710 (XP-60A) and (XP-60B and XP-60E) with a P&W R-2800 engine. The P-60 did never perform well. Large orders for the P-60A, with a turbosupercharged V-1710 engine, were cancelled after Pearl Harbour. Numerous changes failed to produce a successful fighter. Type: XP-60A Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1425hp Allison V-1710-75 Wing Span: 12.59m Length: 10.26m Height: 3.77m Wing Area: 25.56m2 Empty Weight: 3544kg Max.Weight: 4366kg Max. Speed: 676km/h Ceiling: 9906m Max. Range: 1200km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm Type: XP-60E Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2000hp P&W R-2800-10 Wing Span: 12.59m Length: 10.34m Height: 3.81m Wing Area: 25.56m2 Empty Weight: 3893kg Max.Weight: 4843kg Speed: 410mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg12.7mm P-61 Black Widow, Northrop (S-USA-A-F-MN-T-ARW2) The only specially designed night fighter of WWII, a large but maneuvrable twin-engined, twin-boom aircraft. The allied enjoyed almost total air superiority by the time the P-61 entered service, and the P-61 was mainly used as a night intruder and attack aircraft. The nose housed a big and heavy centimetric radar set, made in the US; four machine guns were installed in a remotely controlled turret on top of the fuselage (deleted on many P-61As) and four cannon were fitted in the fuselage belly. The P-61 was surprisingly maneuverable for such a large aircraft, but too slow too make a really excellent fighter. There was also a two-seat dayfighter development, the XP-61E, later converted into the X{F-15} reconaissance aircraft. 706 built. Type: P-61B-1 Function: nightfighter Year: 1944 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 2250hp P&W R-2800-65 Wing Span: 20.11m Length: 15.11m Height: 4.47m Wing Area: 61.53m2 Empty Weight: 10637m Max.Weight: 16240m Max. Speed: 589km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 2175km Armament: 4*g20mm (4*mg12.7mm) 4*725kg P-62, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Large, innovative high-altitude fighter, with a turbo-compressor, contra-rotating propellers, a pressure cabin and heavy armament. The big R-3350 radial engine was scarce and still unreliable. The pressure cabin was never installed. The P-62 was abandoned in 1944. Only one was built. Type: XP-62 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1690kW Wright R-3350-17 Wing Span: 16.35m Length: 12.05m Height: 4.04m Wing Area: 39.02m2 Empty Weight: 5345kg Max.Weight: 7560kg Max. Speed: 721km/h Ceiling: 10900m Max. Range: 1500mls Armament: 4*g20mm P-63 Kingcobra, Bell (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) The P-63 inherited the general layout of the {P-39} Airacobra, but was totally redesigned. It had an engine with a two-stage supercharger and a laminar flow wing, in an attempt to improve high-altitude performance. Superior fighters were already in service, and the P-63 had a too small combat radius. The USAAF bought few P-63s and never used them in combat. Most production aircraft (2397) were lend-leased to the USSR. The USAAF did buy the bizarre RP-63, a manned aerial target, well-armoured to resist the hits of special, frangible bullets! 3303 built. Type: P-63A Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 975kW Allison V-1710-93 Wing Span: 11.69m Length: 9.96m Height: 3.84m Wing Area: 23.04m2 Empty Weight: 2894kg Max.Weight: 4767kg Max. Speed: 660km/h Ceiling: 13100m Max. Range: 4140km Armament: 1*g37mm 4*mg12.7mm 237kg P-64, North American (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The P-64 was a fighter extrapolation of the well known {T-6} trainer. The aircraft, built for Thailand, went to the USAAF after Pearl Harbour, and were named P-64. They were disarmed and used as trainers, but they were given P- instead of T- designations because they were single-seaters. 13 built. Type: P-64 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 640kW Wright R-1820-77 Wing Span: 11.35m Length: 8.23m Height: 2.74m Wing Area: 21.13m2 Empty Weight: 2116kg Max.Weight: 3087kg Max. Speed: 434km/h Ceiling: 8400m Max. Range: 1550km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 2*g20mm 4*b45kg P-65, Grumman (S-USA-A-F-HN-N-ARW2) The USAAF used this number for the {F7F}, but cancelled its orders in order to allow Grumman to optimize the design for the USN. P-66 Vanguard, Vultee (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The Vultee Vanguard was a private venture fighter, that shared the same wing and tail surfaces as the {BT-13} and {BC-3}. It looked good, but its performance fell behind requirements. After two abortive attempts to sell the P-66 abroad, most of the 144 aircraft built were Lend-Leased to China. Some were a short time in US service, after Pearl Harbour. Type: P-66 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 880kW P&W R-1830-33 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 8.66m Height: 2.87m Wing Area: 18.30m2 Empty Weight: 2377kg Max.Weight: 3352kg Max. Speed: 547km/h Ceiling: 8600m Max. Range: 1530km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 4*mg7.62mm P-67 Bat, McDonnell (S-USA-A-F-MN-N-ILW2) The first aircraft McDonnell designed was a radical and innovatove fighter. The USAAC rejected the design, but encouraged McDonnell to proceed with the relatively more conventional, but still very remarkable, P-67. A laminar-flow aerofoil shape was applied to its entire fuselage and the engine nacelles, all blended smoothly with the wings. The XP-67 did not meet expectations, due in large part to the troublesome engines. One built. Type: XP-67 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1545kW Continental XI-1430-17/19 Wing Span: 16.76m Length: 13.64m Height: 4.80m Wing Area: 38.46m2 Empty Weight: 8056kg Max.Weight: 11532kg Max. Speed: 652km/h Ceiling: 11400m Max. Range: 3840km Armament: 6*g37mm P-68 Tornado, Vultee (S-USA-A-F-LN-T-ARP1) Design for a development of {P-54} with another engine, the Wright R-2610 Tornado. Cancelled. P-69, Republic (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-LR1) Design for a high-altitude fighter with the engine, a liquid-cooled radial, buried in the mid-fuselage position. Cancelled in favour of the {P-72}. Type: XP-69 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1840kW Wright R-2160-3 Max. Speed: 450 mph Ceiling: 48900ft Max. Range: 1800mls Armament: 2*g37mm 4*mg12.7mm P-70, Douglas (S-USA-A-F-HN-N-ARW2) The P-70 was an improvised night fighter version of the twin-engined {A-20} bomber aircraft. The performance of the P-70 was inadequate, and the few units that went to combat with it exchanged it for other aircraft as soon as these were available. Many nightfighter crews were trained on the P-70, however; the P-70B was built for training purposes only. 240 converted. Type: P-70 Function: nightfighter Year: 1942 Crew: Engines: 2 * Wright R-2600-11 Wing Span: 18.69m Length: 14.50m Height: 5.36m Wing Area: 43.11m2 Empty Weight: 7278kg Max.Weight: 9654kg Speed: 529km/h Ceiling: 8611m Range: 1706km Armament: 4*g20mm P-71, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-?N-?-AR?2) Cancelled. The XP-71 was a very big twin-engined fighter with two R-4360-13 engines, driving contra-rotating pusher propellers. It was intended as long-range escort aircraft. P-72, Republic (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The P-72 was more or less a development of {P-47}, powered by the mighty P&W R-4360 Wasp Major four-row radial. The fuselage was redesigned, with a cut-back supercharger intake. It had excellent performance, but the introduction of jet aircraft made the P-72 superfluous. Two built. Type: XP-72 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2540kW P&W R-4360-13 Wing Span: 12.47m Length: 11.15m Height: 4.88m Wing Area: 27.87m2 Empty Weight: 5210kg Max.Weight: 7940kg Max. Speed: 788 km/h Ceiling: 12800m Max. Range: 2460km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg P-75 Eagle, General Motors / Fisher (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) GM tried to build a long-range fighter, that used parts of the {P-40}, {A-24} and {F4U}. This "Frankenstein" aircraft was powered by the Allison V-3420, a 24-cylinder engine that was created by coupling two V-1710 engines. This was installed behind the cockpit, and drove contra-rotating propellers in the nose by an extension shaft. The P-75 was a qualified success, after a lot of redesign. Performance was disappointing, however, and better escort aircraft were already in service. 14 built. Type: XP-75 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2920kW Allison V-3420-23 Wing Span: 15.04m Length: 12.32m Height: 4.72m Wing Area: 32.24m2 Empty Weight: 5219kg Max.Weight: 8267kg Max. Speed: 697km/h Ceiling: 11100m Max. Range: 3300km Armament: 10*mg12.7mm P-76, Bell (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) The XP-76 was a more refined {P-39} Airacobra. Also known as the XP-39E. Three were built. Type: XP-76 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1325hp Allison V-1770-47 Max. Speed: 368mph Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: P-77, Bell (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AI1) The XP-77 was an unsuccesful attempt to built an extremely light-weight fighter of non-strategic materials. Performance was far below expectations, partly because the planned supercharged version of the V-770 engine was not available. Finally there was no shortage of aluminium, and better fighters were already in service. Two built. Type: XP-77 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 380kW Ranger XV-770-7 Wing Span: 8.39m Length: 6.98m Height: 2.49m Wing Area: 9.29m2 Empty Weight: 1296kg Max.Weight: 1829kg Max. Speed: 531km/h Ceiling: 9200m Max. Range: 885km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 1*b148kg P-78 Mustang, North American (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) When a RR Merlin was installed in the {P-51}, the aircraft was considered worthy of a new number. Later it was called P-51B. P-79, Northrop (S-USA-A-F-D-F-J2) The XP-79B was a flying wing fighter of magnesium construction, powered by two jet engines. The original XP-79 design would have had a rocket engine, but this was abandoned, and the XP-79B had two jet engines. The pilot lay prone in the nose; most of the construction was of welded magnesium. The XP-79B was destroyed on its first flight. The story that the wing leading edges were reinforced to slice of the tails of enemy bombers, seems to be a post-facto invention. Type: XP-79B Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 522kg Westinghouse 19-B Wing Span: 11.58m Length: 4.27m Height: 2.13m Wing Area: 25.83m2 Empty Weight: 2649kg Max.Weight: 3932kg Max. Speed: 821km/h Ceiling: 12200m Max. Range: 1600km Armament: 4*mg12.7mm P-80 Shooting Star, Lockheed (P-USA-A-F|R|T-LN-N-J1) The P-80 was the first operational US jet fighter, a fairly conventional design apart from the jet engine and laminar flow wing. A few were sent to Europe during WWII, but they did not see any combat during WWII. In Korea it was already obsolete as a fighter, but served well as attack aircraft. 1732 were built. The two-seat trainer version {T-33} was more successfull than the P-80 itself. There was also an unarmed RF-80 reconnaissance version, and the {F-94} nightfighter was developed from the T-33. Type: P-80C Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 24.03kN Allison J33-A-35 Wing Span: 11.81m Length: 10.49m Height: 3.43m Wing Area: 22.07m2 Empty Weight: 3819kg Max.Weight: 7646kg Max. Speed: 967km/h Ceiling: 14265m Max. Range: 1328km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg P-81, Consolidated Vultee (S-USA-A-F-MN-N-J1&T1) The XP-81 was an experimental fighter with a TG-180 turboprop in the nose and an J-33 turbojet in the tail; this combination, it was hoped, would create an aircraft with a better range than pure jet fighter. But the TG-180 did deliver only 1400hp instead of the promised 2300hp, and the performance of the XP-81 did not warrant production. Two built. Type: XP-81 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700kW G.E. XT31-GE-1 1 * 1705kg Allison J33-GE-5 Wing Span: 15.40m Length: 13.69m Height: 4.27m Wing Area: 39.5m2 Empty Weight: 5790kg Max.Weight: 11190kg Max. Speed: 815km/h Ceiling: 10830m Max. Range: 4025km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm P-82 Twin Mustang, North American (P-USA-A-F-LN-T-IL2) The unusual P-82 long-range fighter used two elongated P-51F fuselages and {P-51} outer wings, joined by a new center-wing panel. The original requirement was for a long-range escort fighter to escort {B-29}s. However, it was best known as night fighter, with a large radar pod fitted to the center section. They were the last piston-engined fighters to enter USAAF service. Most were powered by the V-1710, because the V-1650 was no longer in production. 273 built. Type: F-82G Function: nightfighter Year: 1948 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1190kW Allison V-1710-143/145 Wing Span: 15.62m Length: 12.93m Height: 4.22m Wing Area: 37.90m2 Empty Weight: 7255kg Max.Weight: 11608kg Max. Speed: 742km/h Ceiling: 11860m Max. Range: 3605km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 4*b454kg P-83, Bell (S-USA-A-F-MN-N-J2) The XP-83 was an long-range, twin-engined jet fighter roughly similar to the {P-59}. To carry enough fuel, the XP-83 had a large fuselage, and this resulted in poor performance. Two built. Type: XP-83 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1815kg G.E. J33-GE-5 Wing Span: 16.17m Length: 13.68m Height: 4.65m Wing Area: 40.04m2 Empty Weight: 6404kg Max.Weight: 12485kg Max. Speed: 840km/h Ceiling: 9150m Max. Range: 2700km Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg P-84, Republic (P-USA-A-F-MN-N-J1) Renamed {F-84}. P-322 Lightning, Lockheed (S-USA-A-F-N-T-IL2) Number assigned to {P-38} Lightnings built to British contracts, without turbochargers and handed propellers. Unsuitable for combat, and used as trainers. P-400 Airacobra, Bell (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) Number assigned to a number of {P-39} Airacobra's built to British contracts. The number 400 seems to have originated from Bell's claim that the P-39 was capable of 400mph. P-559, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AI1) Redesignated {P-13}. P-900, Lockheed (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) Renamed {P-24}. P-925, Boeing (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1) Version of the {P-12} with an R-1340D or E engine. This became the P-12E. P-934, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1|AR1) Also known as {P-31}. P-936, Boeing (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The two {P-26} prototypes, that were at first owned by Boeing and not the USAF, had this number. P-940, Boeing (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Redesignated {P-29}. P-948, Northrop (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Fighter, based on the {FT} designed for the US Navy, but fitted with retractable landing gear. The XP-948 was intended as a possible successor to the {P-26}. The XP-948 (Northrop model 3A) disappeared on a demonstration flight, never to be seen again. Later it was alleged (of course without any proof) that the XP-948 was secretly handed over to the Japanese, who would have developed the Mitsubishi {A6M} 'Zero' from it... Type: XP-948 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp P&W R-1535 Wing Span: 10.21m Length: 6.78m Height: 2.77m Wing Area: 17.37m2 Empty Weight: 1769kg Max.Weight: Speed: 434km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.1hrs Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm PA-1, Loening (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1) Biplane fighter, developed by Loening after the failure of the {PW-2} monoplane aircraft. The designation 'PA' meant 'Pursuit, air-cooled engine'. Two were built. Performance was unsatisfactory. It was the last Loening fighter. Type: PA-1 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 350hp Wright R-1454 Wing Span: 8.53m Length: 6.02m Height: 2.64m Wing Area: 26.29m2 Empty Weight: 697kg Max.Weight: 1117kg Speed: 234km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.62mm PB, Boeing (S-USA-A-PUE-LN-N-ARW4) Naval version of the {B-17}. The PB-1G was stripped of armament and fitted with equipment for SAR missions. The PB-1W was a conversion with an AN/APS-20 early-warning radar, as ASW and AEW aircraft. PB-1, Berliner-Joyce (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1|AR1) PB stood for 'Pursuit Biplace', two-seat fighter. The PB-1 was known as the {P-16} before this designation was introduced. PB-2, Consolidated (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) The {P-30}, redesignated PB for Pursuit Biplace. Type: PB-2A Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 700hp Curtiss V-1570-61 Empty Weight: 4306lb Max.Weight: 5643lb Speed: 441km/h Ceiling: Range: 817km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm 10*b17lb PB2B, Boeing (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2) {PBY} built by Boeing. The PB2B-1 and PB2B-2 were equivalent to the PBY-5 and PBY-6A. PB2M Mars, Martin (S-USA-AF-PB-HN-N-ARW4) Patrol-bomber flying boat. The production version was the {JRM} transport. PB2Y Coronado, Consolidated (S-USA-AF-RA-HN-N-ARW4) Flying boat. Intended to replace the {PBY}, but never had the success of its precursor, although it was popular with its crews. The PB2Y was a large, four-engined aircraft with twin tail fins. Some were also used as transports, because of their capacious fuselage; these PB2Y-3R or PB2Y-5R versions had all armament removed and the gun turrest positions faired over. 210 were built. Type: PB2Y-3 Function: reconaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 10 Engines: 4 * 895kW P&W R-1830-88 Wing Span: 35.05m Length: 24.16m Height: 8.38m Wing Area: 165.36m2 Empty Weight: 18568kg Max.Weight: 30844kg Speed: 359km/h Ceiling: 6250m Range: 3815km Armament: 8*mg12.7mm, 5443kg Type: PB2Y-3R Function: transport Year: 1941 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 1200 P&W R-1830-92 Speed: 310km/h Ceiling: Range: 1710km Freight: 7246kg, 44 seats PB4Y, Consolidated (S-USA-A-PB-HN-N-ARW4) The PB4Y-1 was the {B-24} Liberator in naval use. The PB4Y-2 Privateer was a development of the late single-tail B-24N Liberator. It could be recognized by its single tail, waist gunner bulges, and different positioning of the oil coolers. Type: PB4Y-2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1944 Crew: 11 Engines: 4 * 990kW P&W R-1830-94 Speed: 381km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 4500km Armament: 12*mg12.7mm, 2725kg PBB Sea Ranger, Boeing (S-USA-AF-HN-N-ARW2) The PBB was a long-range flying boat, the largest twin-engined aircraft of its time. It had a deep fuselage, a shoulder wing incorporating bomb bays, and five gun turrets. The theoretical range of 17700km was achieved with overload auxiliary tanks and a boosted start. Despite its size, the PBB had very good performance, and reports were enthusiastic. But PBB production was abandoned in order to speed up that of the {B-29}, and only one was ever built. It continued to fly until 1947. Type: XPBB-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1943 Crew: 11 Engines: 2 * 1470kW Wright Duplex Cyclone Wing Span: 42.57m Length: 28.88m Height: 10.7m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: 17700km Armament: 9060kg, 10*mg12.7mm PBJ Mitchell, North American (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2) US Navy version of the twin-engined {B-25} bomber. PBM Mariner, Martin (S-USA-AF-PB-HN-N-ARW2) Patrol and ASW flying boat, of which 1235 were built. The PBM was a big, but compact aircraft, with a gull wing, twin tail fins, and a strongly dihedralled tailplane. Some were delivered to Britain, Argentina, the Netherlands and Australia. The PBM-5A was a post-war amphibious version. Type: PBM-3D Function: reconaissance / ASW Year: 1942 Crew: 9 Engines: 2 * 1400kW Wright R-2600-22 Wing Span: 24.33m Length: Height: 8.38m Wing Area: 130.80m2 Empty Weight: 15048kg Max.Weight: 26308kg Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 5200m Range: 4400km Armament: 8*mg12.7mm, 1800kg PBN Nomad, Naval Aircraft Factory (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2) NAF developed a new version of the {PBY} Catalina, with changes to the wing, tail, and hull. The changes were adopted by Consolidated in the PBY-6 production model. PBO, Lockheed (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2) Navy designation of the {A-29} Hudson. PBS, Sikorsky (S-USA-AF-PB-HN-N-ARW4) Large patrol flying boat. It did not enter production, but was the precursor of the VS-44 commercial flying boat. Type: XPBS-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1937 Crew: Engines: 4 * 783kW P&W XR-1830-68 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: PBV, Canadian Vickers (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2) License-built {PBY}. PBY Catalina, Consolidated (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2) The most famous flying boat of WWII. The Catalina carried its big wing on a pylon on top of the fuselage. The PBY had a long range and was very reliable. Its disadvantage was slowness, which made it vulnerable. The PBY-5A and PBY-6A were amphibian versions; all other Catalinas were flying boats. The PBY was also built in the USSR and Canada. Its users included Britain, France, the USSR, Australia, the Netherlands, Canada, and Denmark. Type: PBY-5A Function: reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 7 Engines: 2 * 895kW P&W R-1830-92 Wing Span: 31.70m Length: 19.47m Height: 6.15m Wing Area: 130.06m2 Empty Weight: 9845kg Max.Weight: 16066kg Speed: 288km/h Ceiling: 4480m Range: 4096km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 3*mg7.62mm, 1814kg PD, Douglas (I-USA-AF-P-B-N-ARB2) Twin-engined patrol flying boat, modification of {PN}. Type: PD-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1931 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 429kW R-1820 Max. Speed: 194km/h Ceiling: 3540m Max. Range: Armament: PF, Grumman Patrol version of the Grumman {UF} Albatross. One tested by the USN in 1948. PG-1, Aeromarine (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) The PG-1 was designed as fighter and front attack aircraft. It was a Nieuport-style sesquiplane with a lower wing of smaller chord. The PG-1 had heavy armour and carried a 37mm gun, but it was also a bad performer, and the view from the cockpit was extremely poor. Two built. Type: PG-1 Function: fighter / attack Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 345hp Packard 1A-1116 Wing Span: 12.19m Length: 7.47m Height: 2.44m Wing Area: 36.13m2 Empty Weight: 1374kg Max.Weight: 1777kg Speed: 209km/h Ceiling: Range: 314km Armament: 1*g37mm 1*mg12.7mm PH, Hall (I-USA-AF-R-B-N-ARB2) Flying boat, 24 built. Last US biplane flying boat. Development of the Naval Aircraft Factory {PN}. Type: PH-3 Function: reconaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 550kW R-1820-F51 Speed: 256km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 3120km Armament: 4*mg7.7mm, 454kg Pigeon-Fraser Pursuit (I-USA-A-F-HN-N-AR1) Single-seat, shoulder-wing monoplane fighter. The biplane fighter was the standard of the time. And this aircraft, with is big wing span, was too slow and too unreliable to change that opinion. Two built. Type: Pigeon-Fraser Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Wing Span: 11.56m Length: 7.31m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 567kg Speed: 166km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: (1*mg) PJ, General Aviation (I-USA-AF-P-HN-N-ARO1) Twin-engined rescue flying boat, a larger development of the Fokker F.11 amphibian, tested by the USAAC as the {C-16}. The PJ-1 had pusher, the PJ-2 tractor propellers. Type: PJ-1 Function: reconaissance / SAR Year: Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 420hp P&W Wasp Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: PK, Keystone (I-USA-AF-P-B-N-ARB2) Development of the {PN}. All-metal biplane flying boat. Type: PK-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1933 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 575hp Wright Cyclone Speed: 192km/h Ceiling: 12000ft Range: Armament: PM, Martin (I-USA-AF-P-B-N-ARB2) Biplane flying boat. Type: PM-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1931 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 550hp Wright Cyclone Speed: 197km/h Ceiling: 2200m Range: 2320km Armament: PN-1, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Single-seat nightfighter, designed by the Engineering Division of the US Army. Great care was applied to get good low-speed handling characteristics, viewed as essential for night landings. Only one was built. Type: PN-1 Function: fighter Year: 1921 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Liberty L-825 Wing Span: 9.40m Length: 7.16m Height: 3.12m Wing Area: 27.87m2 Empty Weight: 740kg Max.Weight: 1048kg Speed: 174km/h Ceiling: Range: 410km Armament: PN, Naval Aircraft Factory (I-USA-AF-P-B-N-ILB2|ARB2) Biplane flying boat. The NAF built a long series of such aircraft to develop and refine the design. Many were built by Martin, Douglas or Keystone, as the {PD}, {PM} and {PK}. Later Hall built a number of all-metal {PH} developments. Type: PN-12 Function: reconaissance Year: 1931 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 525hp Wright R-1570D Cyclone Wing Span: 22.20m Length: 14.99m Height: 5.11m Wing Area: 113.06m2 Empty Weight: 3479kg Max.Weight: 6406kg Speed: 182km/h Ceiling: 3325m Range: 2080km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 4*b104kg PO, Lockheed (P-USA-A-E-LN-N-ARW4) Radar AEW version of the Super Constellation. PS-1, Dayton-Wright (I-USA-A-F-PN-N-AR1) The PS-1 was an advanced interceptor, a parasol wing monoplane with retractable landing gear. Three prototypes were built, but the type was not accepted. Type: PS-1 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 200hp Lawrence J-1 Wing Span: 9.14m Length: 5.84m Height: Wing Area: 13.28m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 778kg Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: PT, Naval Aircraft Factory (?-USA-AF-P-?-?-?) PT-1, Consolidated (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Development of {TW-3}. Type: PT-1 Function: trainer Year: 1924 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 180hp Wright E Speed: 166km/h Ceiling: Range: PT-3, Consolidated (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Version of {PT-1} with 164kW Wright J-5 PT-8, Consolidated (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Developed from the {O-17}. PT-11, Consolidated (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Training biplane. Version of {BT-7}. Type: PT-11 Function: trainer Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp P&W Wasp Junior Speed: 256km/h Ceiling: 6924m Range: Armament: PT-13 Kaydet, Boeing-Stearman (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Trainer, of mixed construction, with a Lycoming R-680 engine. Also built as {PT-17} with a Jacobs engine, and as {NS} and {N2S} for the USN. Most built (8584) US biplane trainer. Some of them are still flying. Type: PT-13 Task: trainer Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 160kW Lycoming R-680-5 Max. Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 3400m Max. Range: 750km Armament: none PT-14, Waco (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Two-seat trainer biplane, a militarized version of the Waco UPF-7 and YPF-7. The USAAC bought 13 aircraft for evaluation, but concluded that the {PT-13} was a more suitable aircraft. However, 631 were delivered to civilian training institutes, which were to provide a pool of trained pilots for the event of war. Type: PT-14 Function: trainer Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220hp Continental R-670-3 Wing Span: 9.14m Length: 7.16m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1202kg Speed: 222km/h Ceiling: 4880m Range: 640km PT-16, Ryan (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1) This was the basic model of the PT-16, {PT-20}, {PT-21}, and {PT-22} series of simple monoplane trainers. Type: PT-16 Function: trainer Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 93kW Menasco L-365-1 Wing Span: 9.14m Length: 6.55m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 726kg Speed: 241km/h Ceiling: 5340m Range: 560km PT-17 Kaydet, Boeing-Stearman (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Version of the {PT-13} with a 220hp Continental R-670-5 engine. PT-18 Kaydet, Boeing-Stearman (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Another variation on the {PT-13}, this time with an Jacobs R-755 engine of 225hp. PT-19 Cornell, Fairchild (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1) Monoplane training aircraft with open cockpits and fixed landing gear. Other versions were the {PT-23} and {PT-26}. Production of the PT-19 was 4845. Its only fault was probably that it was too easy too fly, which was not good for training. It was later replaced by the PT-17. Type: PT-19A Task: trainer Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 175hp Ranger L-440-1 Wing Span: 10.65m Length: 8.48m Height: 2.25m Wing Area: 18.4m2 Empty Weight: 855kg Max.Weight: 1260kg Max. Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 3965m Max. Range: 690km PT-20, Ryan (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Development of {PT-16}, powered by the R-440 radial engine. PT-21, Ryan (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Development of the {PT-16} with a 130hp Kinner R-440 radial. This was also installed in some PT-16s and {PT-20}s. PT-22 Recruit, Ryan (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Development of the {PT-16}. The PT-22 had a 160hp Kinner R-540 radial engine. It wasn't easy to fly and had a high accident rate. 1023 built until end of production in 1942. Type: PT-22 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 119kW Kinner R-540-1 Wing Span: 9.17m Length: 6.83m Height: 2.08m Wing Area: 12.47m2 Empty Weight: 596kg Max.Weight: 844kg Speed: 211km/h Ceiling: 4725m Range: 566km PT-23, Ryan (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) {PT-19} with an 220hp Continental R-670-11 engine. About 6900 built. PT-24 Tiger Moth, de Havilland (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AI1) British biplane trainer. The USAAF ordered 200, but they were used by the RCAF. PT-25, Ryan (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1) Trainer, similar to the {PT-16} but an entirely new design, built from nonstrategic materials. Type: PT-25 Function: trainer Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 185hp Lycoming O-435-1 Speed: 239km/h Ceiling: 6190m Range: 605km Armament: PT-26 Cornell, Ryan (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1) Version of the {PT-19} for Canada. Type: PT-26A Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 149kW Ranger L-440-7 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 8.45m Height: 2.32m Wing Area: 18.58m2 Empty Weight: 917kg Max.Weight: 1241kg Speed: 196km/h Ceiling: 4025m Range: 644km Armament: PT-27 Kaydet, Boeing-Stearman (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Version of the {PT-17} for the Canadian Air Force. PTBH, Hall (I-USA-AF-AB-B-N-ARB2) The XPTBH-2 was a torpedo-bomber flying boat developed from the {PH}. The Navy did not ask for such aircraft... PV, Lockheed (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2) The PV-2 Harpoon and PV-1,3,7 Ventura were sea patrol and ASW aircraft, developed from the model 18 Lodestar. Compared with the {A-28} and {A-29} Hudson the Ventura was more powerful and better armed, but it had a shorter range because it did not carry more fuel. The Harpoon was a long-range version of the Ventura. Type: PV-1 Function: reconaissance / bomber Year: 1940 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1491kW P&W R-2800-31 Wing Span: 19.96m Length: 15.77m Height: 3.63m Wing Area: 51.19m2 Empty Weight: 9161kg Max.Weight: 14096kg Speed: 518km/h Ceiling: 8015m Range: 2189km Armament: 4*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm 1361kg Type: PV-2 Function: reconaissance / ASW Year: 1944 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 1470kW P&W R-2800-31 Speed: 453km/h Ceiling: 7300m Range: 3550km Armament: 9*mg12.7mm, 2720kg PW-1, Engineering Division (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Biplane fighter, basically a derivative of the {VCP-1} with a new fuselage of tubular steel construction. Only one built. Type: PW-1 Function: fighter Year: 1921 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 350hp Packard 1A-1237 Wing Span: 9.75m Length: 6.86m Height: 2.54m Wing Area: 24.99m2 Empty Weight: 938kg Max.Weight: 1363kg Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs Armament: PW-2, Loening (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1) Experimental parasol-wing monoplane fighter. Ten were built, most of them with a 300hp Wright-Hispano engine. When the wings and fuselage of one came apart in flight, the program ended. Type: PW-2A Function: fighter Year: 1921 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Wright H Wing Span: 12.11m Length: 7.94m Height: 2.46m Wing Area: 27.78m2 Empty Weight: 851kg Max.Weight: 1270kg Max. Speed: 219km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 2.5hrs Armament: Type: PW-3, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-?1) This was a development of the Orenco-Curtiss {D}. It was not flown, because the wing showed structural weakness during ground trials. Three built. PW-5, Fokker (I-USA-A-F-PN-N-IL1) The Fokker {F.VI} parasol-wing monoplane fighter was tested by the USAAS in 1921, which ordered 10 more. Structure was similar to that of the celebrated Fokker transports: a steel tube fuselage, and a thick cantilever wooden wing with horn-balanced ailerons. Twelve were built. Type: PW-5 Function: fighter Year: 1921 Crew: 1 Engine: 1 * 300hp Wright-Hispano H-2 Wing Span: 12.02m Length: 7.94m Height: 2.74m Wing Area: 22.95m2 Empty Weight: 878kg Max.Weight: 1218kg Max.Speed: 232km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 2.0hrs Armament: 2*mg7.62mm b PW-6, Fokker (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) The PW-6 was the final development of the Fokker D.VII, famous German fighter of the end of WWI. To Fokker it was known as the D.IX. It offered only a marginally better performance than the D.VII. One built. Type: PW-6 Function: fighter Year: 1921 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220kW Hispano Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 8.99m Length: 7.09m Height: 2.74m Wing Area: 22.11m2 Empty Weight: 874kg Max.Weight: 1253kg Max. Speed: 223km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 471km Armament: 2*mg PW-7, Fokker (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Sesquiplane fighter, of the familiar Fokker mixed construction. Most of the production (125) went to Russia, that used it as first-line fighter until 1929. Also sold to Argentina, Rumania (50), Spain, and Switzerland (2). 177 built. Three were evaluated by the USAAC as PW-7. The latter had 440hp Curtiss V-1150 (Curtiss D-12) engines. Type: D.XI Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 11.67m Length: 7.50m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 21.80m2 Empty Weight: 865kg Max.Weight: 1250kg Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 440km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm PW-8, Curtiss (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) This was the first of the Curtiss Hawk series. The PW-8 was based on the new and very successfull Curtiss D-12 engine. It was a biplane of mixed construction. Later developments were renamed {P-1}. Only 25 built. Type: PW-8 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 315kW Curtiss D-12 Wing Span: 9.75m Length: 6.86m Height: 2.69m Wing Area: 26.66m2 Empty Weight: 994kg Max.Weight: 1429kg Max. Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 708km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*7.62mm PW-9, Boeing (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Biplane fighter, Boeing's first. The PW-9 was a single-bay biplane of mixed construction. The lower wing had a shorter span than the upper one, and the engine was the successful Curtiss D-12. 113 built. Type: PW-9 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 320kW Curtiss D-12 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm PY Admiral, Martin (I-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2) The PY was designed by the Naval Aircraft Factory and built by Martin; in that days construction was awarded to the designer who could build it at the lowest price. The aircraft was in fact assigned to Consolidated, hence the Y. A civil version was sold as the Consolidated Commodore. A sesquiplane development became the {P2Y}. --Q--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q-1 Predator, General Atomics The RQ-1A is a "Tier II" UAV. Q-2 Pioneer, IAI/TRW The RQ-2A UAV. Q-3 DarkStar, Martin/Boeing The RQ-3 is a "Tier III Minus" stealthy UAV. The first flight was made in 1998. Q-4 Global Hawk, Teledyne Ryan A "Tier II Plus" UAV, a long-range UAV to operate at high altitude. The RQ-4 is expected to be complementary to the RQ-3. First flight was made in February 1998. --R--------------------------------------------------------------------------- R-1, Platt-Le Page (S-USA-H-X-2R3-AR1) The R-1 helicopter had a large wing with rotors fitted on the wing tips, and a fuselage with a conventional aircraft tail and a glazed nose. Only two were built. Type: XR-1A Function: utility Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * kW P&W R-985-AN-1 Span: 64ft Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: R.1, Verville-Packard (I-USA-A-*-B-N-IL1) This was the first racing aircraft built for the USAAC, a clean biplane. It was the modified VCP-1 fighter prototype. Type: R.1 Function: racing Year: 1920 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 638hp Packard 1A-2025 Speed: 299km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: R-1, Lockheed (P|M-USA-A-R|E-MN-N-J1) The TR-1 was a tactical recce version of the U-2R, but the new designation reflected a change in role rather than a change in the aircraft. The TR-1 has a side-looking radar to look 55km 'over the border', flying high on the own side. This was the third production run of the {U-2}. Later the USAF abandoned the TR-1 designation and all aircraft were renamed U-2R, because the differences between U-2R and TR-1 were very minor. Type: TR-1A Task: Tactical reconaissance. Year: 1981 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 75.6kN P&W J75-P-13B Max. Speed: 692km/h Ceiling: 27430m Max. Range: +4830km Armament: R-2, Kellett (I-USA-R-R-R3-N-AR1) The XR-2 autogiro never flew. It was a development of the {G-1}, with a cleaner landing gear and a 285hp Jacobs R-915 engine. It was destroyed during ground running tests. R2C, Curtiss (I-USA-A|AS-*-B-N-IL1) Development of the {CR}. Type: R2C-1 Task: racing Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 360kW Curtiss D-12A Max. Speed: 420km/h Ceiling: 9700m Max. Range: Armament: none R2D, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Navy version of {C-32}, a militarized DC-2. R2K, Fairchild (?-USA-A-C-PN-N-AR1|AI1) Fairchild model 22, a two-seat parasol wing monoplane. The R2K-1 was radial-engined, but there were versions with inline engines. R2O, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Navy designation of Lockheed 10A, that was in USAAC service as the {C-36}. R2Y, Consolidated Vultee (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW4) Model 39 transport. Used PB4Y Privateer wings and tail, but a new fuselage. One built. The aircraft went to American Airlines. Type: R2Y-1 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * P&W R-1830-94 Wing Span: 33.55m Length: 27.45m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 29100kg Speed: 384km/h Ceiling: Range: 6400km Load: 48 seats, 5450kg R-3, Kellett (I-USA-R-R-R3-N-AR1) Autogiro developed from the {G-1}. It was used to develop a rotor system for the R-8. R-3, Verville-Sperry (I-USA-A-*-B-N-IL1) Racing aircraft. It won the Pulitzer trophy of 1924 with an average speed of 349km/h. Type: R-3 Task: racing Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 370kW Curtiss D-12 Max. Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: R-3, Navy Curtiss (I-USA-A-*-B-N-IL1) Won the Schneider Trophy of 1923 with an average speed of 286km/h. Type: R-3 Task: racing Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 340kW Curtiss D-12 Max. Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: R-3, Lockheed (M-USA-A-R-LN-N-TW4) Version of the {P-3} used for geomagnetic cartography. R-3, Lockheed (M-USA-A-R-D-F-J2) The TR-3 or 'Black Manta' is rumoured to be a Stealth flying-wing spy-plane. Its existence has not been admitted by the USAF. Reports claim that the TR-3 is a single-seat, twin-engined flying wing aircraft, with a curved trailing edge. It is claimed to have been active during 'Desert Storm', in cooperation with the {F-117}. Type: TR-3A Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * G.E. F404 Wing Span: 19m Length: 13m Height: 4.3m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 28120kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: 5630km Armament: R3C, Curtiss (I-USA-A|AS-*-B-N-IL1) Development of the {R2C}. Won the Schneider Trophy in 1925 with an average speed of 374km/h. Type: R3C-2 Task: racing Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 455kW Curtiss V-1400 Max. Speed: 400km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: R3D, Douglas (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2) Rather unsuccessful high-wing transport, the Douglas DC-5. It had a poorer performance than the DC-3 and no real advantages. Twelve were built, including three for the USN, four for the USMC, and five for the Dutch airline KLM --- three of these became {C-110}s in USAAF service. Japan used a captured example as crew trainer. Type: DC-5 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 900hp Wright GR-1820-G102A Wing Span: 23.77m Length: 19.05m Height: 6.05m Wing Area: 76.55m2 Empty Weight: 6202kg Max.Weight: 9072kg Speed: 370km/h Ceiling: 7230m Range: 2575km Freight: 16 seats R3O, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Navy designation for the Lockheed 12. See also {C-40}. R3Q Reliant, Stinson (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) The USCG bought a few Stinson Reliants for evaluation. The type was also known in military service as {L-12}, U{C-81}, {AT-19}, and {RQ}. R3Y Tradewind, Convair (P-USA-AF-C-HN-N-TW4) The {P5Y} patrol flying boat was converted to the R3Y transport. Eleven were built, six of them R3Y-2s with raised cockpits and a hinged nose to allow front loading. It was published as an amhibious "landing craft". Soon all R3Ys were converted to airborne tankers. Their career was short, also because of engine problems, a fate common to all aircraft powered by the Allison T40. Type: R3Y-2 Function: transport Year: 1955 Crew: 5 Engines : 4 * 4100kW Allison T40-A-10 Wing Span: 44.42m Length: 42.60m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 72576kg Speed: 563km/h Ceiling: Range: 6437km Freight: 21750kg R4, Curtiss (F-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1) Two-seat bomber first flown in 1915. Used for training. Type: R4 Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Curtiss V-2 Max. Speed: 90mph Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: 1020lbs R-4 Hoverfly, Sikorsky (S-USA-H-TU-R3-N-AR1) Sikorsky VS-316. First operational helicopter used by the USAAF, the R-4 was a development of the original VS-300. A few saw service during WWII, flying casevac missions in Burma. 130 built. Type: YR-4B Function: utility Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 147kW Warner R-550-3 Speed: 131km/h Ceiling: 2440m Range: 370km Load: 150kg R4C Condor, Curtiss (I-USA-A-C-B-N-ARW2) Two BT-32 Condor biplane transports operated by the USN. See also {C-30}. Type: R4C-1 Function: transport Year: 1934 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 720hp Wright R-1820F2 Wing Span: 25.0m Length: 14.8m Height: Wing Area: 112m2 Empty Weight: 5550kg Max.Weight: 7940kg Speed: 306km/h Ceiling: 7010m Range: 1152km Load: 1178kg R4D, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Navy designation of the DC-3/C-47 family. The R4D-1 to R4D-8 were equivalent to the the {C-47}, {C-49}, {C-53}, C-53C, C-47A, C-47B, TC-47B and YC-47F / Y{C-129}. R4O, Lockheed (S-USA-A-PB-LN-N-ARW2) Navy designation for Lockheed 14 Super Electra. The USAAF also had some, designated {C-111}. R4Q Flying Boxcar, Fairchild (S-USA-A-C-HN-T-ARW2) Navy designation for the {C-82} (R4Q-1) and {C-119} (R4Q-2). R4Y, Convair (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Version of the Convair 440 airliner for the USN. 1958. R-5, Sikorsky (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AR1) Two-seat observation helicopter, twice as large as the {R-4}. Type: R-5A Function: observation / utility Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W R-985-AN-1 Speed: 144km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: up to four litters, carried externally. R5C, Curtiss (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) Navy version of the {C-46}. R5D, Douglas (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4) Navy version of the {C-54}. R5O, Lockheed (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2) Navy version of {C-56}, {C-59} and {C-60}. R6, Curtiss (F-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1) Development of the {R4} with a 200hp Curtiss or Liberty engine. R-6, Sikorsky (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AI1) Utility helicopter, designed as a successor to the {R-4}. Some R-6 did serve in Birma during the last months of WWII. Type: R-6A Function: utility Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 245hp Franklin O-405-9 Speed: 161km/h Ceiling: 3050m Range: Load: two litters, carried externally. R-6, Army Curtiss (I-USA-A-*-B-N-IL1) Racing aircraft, a smaller development of the {CR}. Won the Pulitzer Trophy of 1922 with an average speed of 331km/h. Type: R-6 Task: racing Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 340kW Curtiss CD Max. Speed: 386km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: R6D, Douglas (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4) Renamed {C-118}. R6O Constitution, Lockheed (P-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW4) Renamed {R6V}. R6V Constitution, Lockheed (P-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW4) Large but underpowered troop-transport aircraft intended for use in the Pacific. Two built. Type: XR6V-1 Year: 1946 Crew: 12 Engines: 4 * 2200kW P&W Speed: Ceiling: Range: Freight: 168 seats R7O Constellation, Lockheed (P-USA-A-C|E-LN-N-ARW4|TW4) Renamed {R7V}. R7V Constellation, Lockheed (P-USA-A-C|E-LN-N-ARW4|TW4) Navy version of the {C-121} Constellation. The R7V-2 had P&W T34 turboprops and a top speed of 640km/h. R-8, Kellett (S-USA-H-U-2R2-N-AI1) Helicopter, two built. It had a small egg-shaped fuselage which tapered into a very deep tail structure. It had two-bladed intermeshing rotors. Type: XR-8 Function: experimental helicopter Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 245hp Franklin O-405-9 Rotor Span: 40ft Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: 2320lb Max.Weight: 2975lb Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: R8V Hercules, Lockheed (M-USA-A-C|K|E-HN-N-TW4) Renamed {C-130}. R9, Curtiss (F-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1) Development of the {R4} bomber with a 200hp Liberty engine. Had the distinction of being the first US built military aircraft to serve abroad. R-9, Firestone (P-USA-H-X-?-?-?) Experimental rotorcraft, 1946. R-10, Kellett (S-USA-H-U-2R2-N-AI1) Utility helicopter, broadly based on the {R-8}. The two engines were installed in nacelles on the sides of a compact, box-like fuselage. It retained the intermeshing rotors and intermeshing two-bladed rotors. It was at the time the largest helicopter under development for the USAF. One built. Type: XR-10 Function: utility Year: 1947 Crew: Engines: 2 * 525hp Continental R-975-15 Rotor Span: 65ft Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 15500lb Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 10 seats R-11, Hughes (S-USA-A-R-HN-T-AR2) Former {F-11}. R-12 Rainbow, Republic (S-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW4) Former {F-12}. R-13, Bell (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|AR1) Renamed {H-13}. R-15, Northrop (S-USA-A-R-MN-T-ARW2) Formerly {F-15}. R-16, Boeing (M-USA-A-R-HS-N-JU8) Reconnaissance version of the {B-52}. Later renamed RB-52. R-71, Lockheed (M-USA-A-R-LD-N-JW2) The SR-71 is a famous Mach 3+ spy plane. This is the fastest aircraft ever known to be in service with an air force. The large, delta-winged SR-71 gets is performance from the unusual J-58 engines, that act at as ramjets at high altitude and speed. It was related to the the Y{F-12} fighter and its precessor, the A-12 CIA-operated spy aircraft. Recently, the a number of SR-71s was put back in service from a premature retirement. Type: SR-71A Task: reconaissance Year: 1966 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 14740kg P&W J-58 Wing Span: 16.94m Length: 32.74m Height: 5.64m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 77111kg Max. Speed: 3715km/h Ceiling: 26000m Max. Range: 4800km Armament: none RA, Fokker (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1&ARU2) Navy version of the Fokker {C-2}, previously known as the TA. The RA-4 was the equivalent of the {C-5}, but this was cancelled. Ranger 2000, Rockwell/ DASA (M-D&USA-A-T-MN-N-TP1) The Ranger 2000 is a turbofan-powered derivative of the RFB Fantrainer. It is offered to the JPATS competition of the USAF. Type: Ranger 2000 Function: trainer Year: 1993 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 14.23kN P&WC JT15D-5C Wing Span: 10.45m Length: 10.91m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3583kg Speed: 630km/h Ceiling: Range: 970km RB Conestoga, Budd (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2) For a 1942 design the RB transport looks very modern, with a shoulder wing, an upswept tail and a loading ramp. It was built mainly of steel, as an insurance against shortages of light alloys. To create an unobstructed cargo hold, the wing spars did not pass through the cabin, and the cockpit was lifted high. The RB could carry a larger load than a C-47, could fly up to 6435km with auxiliary tanks installed, could land on rough fields, and had excellent flying characteristics. But there never was an aluminium shortage, so the need for the RB disappeared. The USAAF cancelled its order of 600 {C-93}s, and the USN bought 17 RB-1's instead of 200. Budd was refused permission to put the Conestoga on the civilan market, but some of the 26 built ended there. Type: RB-1 Function: transport Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1050hp P&W R-1830-92 Wing Span: Length: 20.7m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 317km/h Ceiling: Range: 2897km Freight: 4717kg RD, Douglas (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2) Navy version of the {C-21}, {C-26} and {C-29} series. RE, Bellanca (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1) USN version of the Bellanca CH-400 Skyrocket civil light transport. The CH-400 was a high-wing aircraft with with fixed landing gear and streamlined, aerofoil-section wing struts. The USN bought three: The XRE-1 was used for radio trials, the XRE-2 as a light transport, and the RE-3 served as an ambulance aircraft. Type: 31-42 Senior Skyrocket Function: transport Year: 1935 Crew: Engines: 1 * 410kW P&W Wasp S3H1 Speed: 306km/h Ceiling: 7620m Range: 2060km Load: 8 seats RM, Martin (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2) VIP transport, the USCG version of the Martin 4-0-4 airliner. Later renamed {C-3}. Type: 4-0-4 Function: transport Year: 1951 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * P&W R-2800-CB16 Wing Span: 28.4m Length: 22.7m Height: 8.6m Wing Area: 80.2m2 Empty Weight: 13221kg Max.Weight: 20366kg Speed: 502km/h Ceiling: 8845m Range: 4160km Load: 40 seats RN Reliant, Stinson (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) Navy designation for the U{C-81}. Lend-Lease to GB. RO, Lockheed (I-USA-A-C-LN-N-AR1) One Lockheed DL-2A Altair was delivered to the USN as VIP transport. See also {C-23}. ROE Rotorcycle, Hiller (P-USA-H-R-R?-*-?1) The XROE-1 was a small, foldable, one-man helicopter. Eleven built. Type: YROE-1 Function: utility Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Nelson RQ Reliant, Stinson (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1) The USCG bought a few Stinson Reliants for evaluation. The type was also known in military service as {L-12}, U{C-81}, {AT-19}, {RN}, and {R3Q}. RR, Ford (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARU2&AR1) USN version of Ford TriMotor. RY, Consolidated (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW4) The RY-1 and RY-2 were {C-87}s in USN service. The RY-3 was a transport version of the {PB4Y}-2 Privateer. --S--------------------------------------------------------------------------- S-2 Tracker, Grumman (P-USA-AC-A|R|C-HN-N-ARW2) Classic ASW aircraft, a twin-engined shoulder-wing aircraft. The S-2 was compact and ugly, with a retractable MAD boom and ventral search radar. Launchers for sonobouys were incorporated in the engine nacelles. The S-2 had a long career, and some are still in service: Brazil retired its last S-2 from carrier service in 1997. Other S-2s have a second life as firefighting aircraft --- sometimes reengined with turboprops. In military service, some were modified to US-2 light transports or RS-2 reconaissance aircraft. The {E-1} Tracker and {C-1} Trader were AEW and COD versions of the S-2. Type: S-2E Function: ASW Year: 1952 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1120kW Wright R-1820-82WA Wing Span: 22.12m Length: 13.26m Height: 5.05m Wing Area: 46.08m2 Empty Weight: 8505kg Max.Weight: 13222kg Speed: 425km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 2100km Armament: 2180kg S2F Sentinel, Grumman (P-USA-AC-AR-HN-N-ARW2) Renamed {S-2} Tracker. S-3 Viking, Lockheed (M-USA-AC-AP|E-HN-N-JU2) ASW aircraft that replaced the {S-2} Tracker. The S-3 is a compact shoulder-wing aircraft with two jet engines in underwing nacelles. Development was relative trouble-free. The S-3B introduced a much modernized avionics suite. After the end of the Cold War, the S-3 took an increasing part in operations against surface vessels. The USN bought a 'buddy pack' refuelling system for the S-3, using it as tanker instead of buying a dedicating aircraft. There also is an US-3 six-seat utility transport, with a modified fuselage and large wing pods. The ES-3 Shadow electronic warfare aircraft replaced the EA-3B as SIGINT aircraft. Type: S-3A Function: ASW Year: 1974 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 41.25kN G.E. TF34-GE-2 Wing Span: 20.93m Length: 16.26m Height: 6.93m Wing Area: 55.55m2 Empty Weight: 12088kg Max.Weight: 19278kg Speed: 834km/h Ceiling: 10670m Range: 5560km Armament: S-3, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-T-N-IL1) Triplane fighter, developed by Curtiss from its earlier S-2. Also known as the "Triplane Speed Scout". It was indeed designed for speed, with a sleek fuselage and initially a ducted spinner. Four were ordered by the Signal Corps. During their service life, they did not carry any armament. Type: S-3 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Curtiss OXX-3 Wing Span: 7.62m Length: 5.94m Height: 2.62m Wing Area: 13.25m2 Empty Weight: 440kg Max.Weight: 599kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S3C, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) Renamed {F10C}. S-4, Thomas-Morse (S-USA-A-FT-B-N-AR1) Biplane fighter. Only used as advanced trainer. Type: S-4C Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone Max. Speed: 97mph Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: S4C, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-AR-B|PN-N-AR1) Was at first the {F12C}, and later renamed again {SBC}. See there. S-5, Thomas-Morse (F-USA-AS-F-B-N-AR1) Single-seat seaplane fighter. Type: S-5 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Speed: 95mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: S-6, Curtiss (S-USA-A-F-T-N-IL1) Development of the {S-3}, with some refinements. The S-6 was also fitted with the armament already proposed for the S-3: Two 7.7mm Lewis guns, fitted to the central interplane struts, to fire above the airscrew. One built. Type: S-6 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Curtiss OXX-3 Wing Span: 7.62m Length: 5.94m Height: 2.62m Wing Area: 13.25m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 625kg Speed: 177km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S-67 Blackhawk, Sikorsky (M-USA-H-A-R4-N-T2) Fast attack helicopter, a private venture which never received a military designation. The S-67 was a very advanced design, with and set a world speed record for helicopters of 349km/h. But it was not ordered. S-70, Sikorsky See {H-60}. S-92 Helibus, Sikorsky Twin-engined medium-size transport helicopter, first flown in 1998. Sikorsky intends to offer but civil and military versions. Between 19 and 24 people can be carried, and all versions will have a rear cargo ramp. Construction is mixed, with 40% use of composites. Type: S-92 Function: transport helicopter Year: 1998 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1790kW G.E. CT7-8 Rotor Span: 17.17m Length: 20.85m Height: 6.45m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 7030kg Max.Weight: 12018kg Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: Range: 910km Load: 22 seats SA-16 Albatross, Grumman (P-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2) 'SA' for 'Search Amphibian'. The SA-16 was later renamed H{U-16}, see there. SB2A Buccaneer, Brewster (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1) Dive bomber, developed by Brewster in parallel with the Curtiss {SB2C}. The two aircraft looked very similar. Handling and production problems caused two years delay, and the USN had no need for a new dive bomber when the SB2A was finally available. Many were used as target tugs, others were scrapped straight from the production line. 1052 built. Type: SB2A-2 Function: dive bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1268kW Wright R-2600-8 Wing Span: 14.33m Length: 11.94m Height: 4.70m Wing Area: 35.21m2 Empty Weight: 4501kg Max.Weight: 6481kg Speed: 441km/h Ceiling: 7590m Range: 2690km Armament: 450kg 2*mg12.7mm 4*mg7.62mm SB2C Helldiver, Curtiss (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1) Carrier-based dive bomber. The SB2C was designed to combine a powerful engine and a large weapons load in a small airframe, as required for carrier operations. The SB2C was compact and dense, and its fuselage was inordinately small compared with the large wings and tail. The bad handling characteristics earned this dive bomber uncomplimentary nicknames. Its performance was little better than that of the older {SBD}. Nevertheless the USN fought several major battles with it, and over 7000 were built. Type: SB2C-4 Function: dive bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1400kW Wright R-2600-20 Wing Span: 15.16m Length: 11.18m Height: 4.01m Wing Area: 39.20m2 Empty Weight: 4784kg Max.Weight: 7537kg Speed: 475km/h Ceiling: 8900m Range: 3100km Armament: 2*g20mm, 2*mg12.7mm, 907kg SB2D, Douglas (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1) Intended as a successor to the {SBD}, the XSB2D-1 was an unspectacular aircraft. It was large, complicated and heavy, with a R-3350 radial engine, an inverted gull, laminar flow wing, two remote controlled gun turrets, and nosewheel landing gear. Two were built. The USN changed its policy, and the SB2D design was modified to become the single-seat {BTD}. Type: XSB2D-1 Function: dive bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1641kW Wright R-3350-14 Wing Span: 13.60m Length: 11.75m Height: 5.16m Wing Area: 34.84m2 Empty Weight: 5651kg Max.Weight: 8682kg Speed: 574km/h Ceiling: 8350m Range: Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b726kg SB2U Vindicator, Vought (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1) The SB2U combined biplane technology with a monoplane layout. It was a very important advance for the USN when it entered service, but already obsolete in 1940. Some were nevertheless used in WWII, with little success. The additional weight of combat equipment had very adverse effects on the performance of the SB2U. Type: SB2U-1 Function: dive bomber Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 610kW P&W R-1535-96 Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 10.36m Height: 3.12m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 402km/h Ceiling: 8350m Range: 1610km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 454kg SB3C, Curtiss (S-USA-AC-AR-N?-N-AR1) Design for a heavy single-engined dive bomber, basically an enlarged SB2C with tricycle landing gear. The SB3C was cancelled to give Curtiss the opportunity to solve the problems with the {SB2C} first, and because performance was judged marginal anyway. Not built. Type: XSB3C-1 Function: dive bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 1715kW Wright R-3350-8 Wing Span: 14.63m Length: 10.80m Height: 5.03m Wing Area: 35.12m2 Empty Weight: 5017kg Max.Weight: 7620kg Speed: 561km/h Ceiling: 9085m Range: Armament: 4*mg12.7mm 2*b726kg SB3U, Vought (I-USA-AC-AR-B-N-AR1) The SB3U was offered to the USN as a biplane alternative to the monoplane {SB2U}. The USN decided to err on the safe side and order a last biplane dive bomber, but it was the {SBC} and not the SB3U. One built. Type: XSB3U-1 Function: fighter Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 559kW R-1535-82 Wing Span: 10.13m Length: 8.59m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 30.38m2 Empty Weight: 1758kg Max.Weight: 2648kg Speed: 344km/h Ceiling: 8075m Range: Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm 227kg SBA, Naval Aircraft Factory (S-USA-AC-AR-MN-N-AR1) Prototype of the {SBN}. The XSBA-1 was developed and and built by Brewster. But production aircraft were built by the Naval Aircraft Factory, because Brewster lacked production capacity. Type: XSBA-1 Function: dive bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 708kW Wright R-1820-22 Wing Span: 11.89m Length: 8.61m Height: 3.38m Wing Area: 24.06m2 Empty Weight: 1851kg Max.Weight: 2709kg Speed: 422km/h Ceiling: 8685m Range: 1250km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm SBC Helldiver, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-AR-B|PN-N-AR1) Biplane dive-bomber, developed from the {F12C} parasol-wing fighter. The SBC-1 was a direct parasol-wing derivative of the F12C, the SBC-2 was a redesigned biplane. It was the last biplane dive bomber of the USN. Some originally ordered by France were used as trainers by the RAF, that called them Cleveland. The SBC was the last US-built combat biplane. Type: SBC-4 Function: dive bomber Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 700kW Wright R-1820-34 Wing Span: 10.36m Length: 8.57m Height: 3.17m Wing Area: 29.45m2 Empty Weight: 2065kg Max.Weight: 3211kg Speed: 377km/h Ceiling: 7315m Range: 950km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 227kg SBD Dauntless, Douglas (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1) Carrier-based dive bomber, a development of the Northrop {BT}. The SBD was a small aircraft, slow and vulnerable, and already considered obsolete when it entered service. Nevertheless it sparheaded the early offensives in the Pacific and served throughout WWII. If anything, it was an accurate dive-bomber and got ample opportunity to show it. Its largest success was the destruction of four Japanese carriers in the Battle of Midway. Type: SBD-5 Function: dive bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 895kW Wright R-1820-60 Wing Span: 12.66m Length: 10.09m Height: 4.14m Wing Area: 30.19m2 Empty Weight: 2963kg Max.Weight: 4854kg Speed: 407km/h Ceiling: 7400m Range: 2085km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 2*mg7.7mm, 1*b725kg, 2*b45kg SBF Helldiver, Fairchild (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1) {SB2C} Helldiver produced by Fairchild. SBF, Grumman (I-USA-AC-AR-B-N-AR1) One XSBF-1 was an adaptation of the SF-1 capable to carry an 500lb bomb. (See {SF}, {FF}) SBN, Naval Aircraft Factory (S-USA-AC-AR-MN-N-AR1) The SBN was a production development of the {SBA}. It was built by the NAF because Brewster did not have space. It was small and fast, but already obsolete when it entered service. 31 were built, and most used only as trainers. Type: SBN-1 Function: dive bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 700kW Wright R-1820-38 Wing Span: 11.89m Length: 8.43m Height: 2.62m Wing Area: 24.06m2 Empty Weight: 1851kg Max.Weight: 3066kg Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: 8700m Range: 1630km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm, 1*mg7.7mm, 227kg SBU, Vought (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1) Dive-bomber developed form the {F3U} two-seat fighter. 124 were built for the USN, plus a small series for Argentina. They were relegated to training and liaison duties before WWII. Type: SBU-1 Function: dive bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 515kW P&W R-1535-80 Wing Span: 10.13m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: 7200m Range: 880km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 227kg SBW Helldiver, Canadian Car & Foundry (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1) {SB2C} Helldiver produced by Canadian Car & Foundry. SC, Curtiss (I-USA-A|AS-A-B-N-Il1) Torpedo bomber and recconaissance aircraft, built by Curtiss for the USN. Original designation was CS. The SC was built by Martin, which developed the {T2M}, {T3M}, and {T4M} from it. Great Lakes later developed the {TG} from the T4M. 1925. SC Seahawk, Curtiss (S-USA-AS|AC-R-LN-N-AR1) Catapult-launched scout floatplane, that could also be operated on wheeled landing gear. The small SC had a considerably better performance than the {OS2U}. 576 were built in one year, before the USN decided to abandon the program. Type: SC-1 Task: reconnaissance Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1007kW Wright R-1820-62 Wing Span: 12.50m Length: 11.09m Height: 3.89m Wing Area: 26.01m2 Empty Weight: 2867kg Max.Weight: 4082kg Max. Speed: 504km/h Ceiling: 11400m Max. Range: 1000km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 340kg SEMA-X (M-USA-ACV-E-?-N-J2) Special Electronic Mission Aircraft. This was a twin-turbofan VSTOL aircraft, designed by Grumman. SEMA-X had a small wing and rotating 9065lb TF34-GE-100 engines at the mid-fuselage position. It was cancelled when the 'Sea Control Ship' concept, a small carrier for V/STOL aircraft, was abandoned. Type: SEMA-X Function: electronic warfare / design Year: 1976 Crew: Engines: 2 * 9065lb G.E. TF-34-100 Speed: 500mph Ceiling: Range: 1150mls Armament: SEV-1XP, Seversky (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) This was a single-seat modification of the {SEV-2XP}. The undercarriage was made semi-retractable, and the unsatisfactory R-1670 replaced by the R-1830 and later by the R-1820. The SEV-1XP was accepted by the USAAC, and entered production as the {P-35}. Type: SEV-1XP Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 950hp R-1820-G5 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 7.59m Height: 2.69m Wing Area: 20.44m2 Empty Weight: 1681kg Max.Weight: Speed: 465km/h Ceiling: Range: 1920km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm SEV-2XP, Seversky (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) The designation 2XP meant 'two-seat experimental pursuit'. The SEV-2XP was an all-metal monocoque aircraft with a fixed, trousered undercarriage. After an accident, it was rebuilt as the {SEV-1XP} single-seater, and entered in an USAAC competition as such. Type: SEV-2XP Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 735hp Wright R-1670 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 7.49m Height: 2.62m Wing Area: 20.44m2 Empty Weight: 1633kg Max.Weight: Speed: 441km/h Ceiling: Range: 1530km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm SF, Grumman (I-USA-AC-R-B-N-AR1) Scout version of the {FF} Goblin two-seat fighter. 33 built. SG, Great Lakes (I-USA-A?-R-?-?-?) The XSG-1 was an amphibian, flown in 1932. S.H.4, Thomas-Morse (F-USA-AS-TR-B-N-IL1) Trainer and observation seaplane, 1917. SN2J, North American (S-USA-A-RT-LN-N-AR1) This was a cleaned-up development of the {SNJ}. It was intended as an intermediate trainer, but the USN finally decided to continue the use of the SNJ. Two built. Type: XSN2J-1 Function: trainer Year: 1945 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1110hp Wright R-1830-78 Wing Span: 13.29m Length: 10.48m Height: 3.27m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3855kg Speed: 435km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg12.7mm SNB, Beechcraft (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2) USN version of the {AT-7} (SNB-2) and {AT-11} (SNB-1). The USN bought 1364 SNBs. SNC Falcon, Curtiss (S-USA-A-RT-LN-N-AR1) Low-wing monoplane trainer, the Curtiss CW-22. It was a relative of the {CW-21} fighter, and shared its slender wings and fragile-looking tail. The USN used 360, and another 136 were exported. Type: SNC-1 Function: trainer Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 420hp Wright R-975-28 Wing Span: 10.66m Length: 8.22m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1718kg Speed: 319km/h at S/L Ceiling: 6680m Range: 1250km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm SNJ, North American (S-USA-A-RT-LN-N-AR1) The {AT-6} in service with the USN. SNV, Vultee (S-USA-A-RT-LN-N-AR1) Navy version of the {BT-13}. SO3C Seamew, Curtiss (S-USA-A|AS-R-MN-N-AI1) Observation floatplane, designed to be catapult-launched from warships. It could also be equipped with wheeled landing gear. The S03C soon revealed itself unfit for service, and many were used as radio-controlled target aircraft. A total of 794 were built. Type: SO3C-2 Task: reconnaissance Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 440kW Ranger V-770-6 Max. Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 5030m Max. Range: 1512km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 227kg b. SOC Seagull, Curtiss (S-USA-A|AS-R-B-N-AR1) Single-engined biplane on floats, with optional wheeled landing gear. The SOC was never completely replaced by the monoplane {OS2U}, because it could be stored in smaller hangars. Only 262 were built, but they served long, even after the {SO3C} designed to replace them had been retired. Type: SOC-1 Task: observation Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 600hp P&W R-1340-18 Wing Span: 10.9m Length: 9.6m Height: 4.4m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1718kg Max.Weight: 2466kg Max. Speed: 265km/h Ceiling: 4542m Max. Range: 1535km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 2*b100lb SON Seagull, Naval Aircraft (S-USA-A|AS-R-B-N-AR1) NAF-built {SOC}. Speed Scout, Berkmans (F-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1) Single-seat biplane fighter, offered to the offered to the US Army in spring 1918. With WWI nearing its end, the Speed Scout was only of interest because of its monococque fuselage construction. One built. Type: Speed Scout Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Wing Span: 7.92mm Length: 5.69m Height: 2.39m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 372kg Max.Weight: 540kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs Armament: (2*mg7.62mm) STA-Special, Ryan (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AI1) Light fighter, a development of the Ryan STM two-seat trainer. The {PT-16} series derived from the same design was very successful, but production of the STA-Special was limited to six for Guatemala. SU Corsair, Vought (I-USA-AC-R-B-N-AR1) Renamed {O2U} and {O3U} Corsairs. The SU-1 was the O3U-2, the SU-2 and SU-3 were equivalent to O3U-4s, and the SU-4 was a new-built SU-2. --T--------------------------------------------------------------------------- T-1, Martin (F-USA-A-C-B-N-ILB2) Transport version of the {GMB} bomber. One built. T-1 Seastar, Lockheed (P-USA-AC-T-LN-N-J1) Navy version of the {T-33} trainer, also known as the {T2V}. T-1 Jayhawk, Beech (M-USA-A-T-LS-N-JF2) Trainer version of the BeechJet 400a business aircraft, a twin-turbofan aircraft. The T-1A is used as trainer for transport and tanker crews. T-2, Lockheed (P-USA-A-R-?N-N-AI1) The QT-2 was a modified Schweizer SGS 2-32 glider, powered by a Continental O-200-A engine. It was tried in Vietnam as silent reconnaissance aircraft. T-2 Buckeye, Rockwell (P-USA-AC-T-MN-N-J2|J1) The T-2 was for many years the standard jet trainer of the US Navy. It is a compact mid-wing design with a straight wing and engines installed in the belly. The T-2A initial version had a single Westinghouse J34 engine, but the T-2B introduced two P&W J60 engines and the T-2C had two G.E. J85 engines. 315 were built. There also is a DT-2 drone control version. Rockwell proposed a T-2X upgrade, but the USN bought the {T-45} instead. Type: T-2C Task: trainer Year: 1968 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 *13.12kN G.E. J856-GE-4 Wing Span: 11.63m Length: 11.79m Height: 4.51m Wing Area: 23.70m2 Empty Weight: 3681kg Max.Weight: 5978kg Max. Speed: 852km/h Ceiling: 13870m Max. Range: 1720km Armament: 290kg T2D, Douglas (I-USA-A|AC-A-B-N-ARW2) Twin-engined torpedo-bomber biplane. It was once considered to operate them from carriers, but concerns about their handling with one engine out prevented this. Type: T2D-1 Task: torpedo aircraft Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 525hp Wright Cyclone Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: T2J Buckeye, North American (P-USA-AC-T-MN-N-J2|J1) Renamed {T-2}. T2M, Martin (I-USA-AC|AS-A-B-N-IL1) Version of the Curtiss {SC}, more or less equivalent with the SC-2. T2N, Naval Aircraft Factory (I-USA-AC-A-?-?-?) The T2N competed for orders with the Martin {T5M}, which was ordered. Like the T5M, it was a dive-bomber, despite its designation. T2V Seastar, Lockheed (P-USA-AC-T-LN-N-J1) Navy version of the {T-33}. The changes necessary to make the aircraft carrier-capable were extensive. Type: T2V-1 Task: trainer Year: 1957 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2770kg Allison J33-A-22 Max. Speed: 933km/h Ceiling: 12200m Max. Range: 1440km Armament: T-3 Firefly, Slingsby (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1) British primary trainer, replacing the {T-41} for the USAF. The T-3 is a composite aircraft with high aspect ratio wings. 113 were sold to the USAF. They were assembled by Northrop Grumman. Type: T-3A Function: trainer Year: 1991 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Textron Lycoming AEIO-540-D4A5 Wing Span: 10.61m Length: 7.31m Height: 2.36m Wing Area: 12.63m2 Empty Weight: 777kg Max.Weight: 1134kg Speed: 281km/h Ceiling: Range: 652km T3M, Martin (I-USA-AC|AS-A-B-N-AR1) Torpedo aircraft. Used wings of the {T2M} with a new fuselage. Type: T3M-1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1926 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 425kW Wright T3B Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: 845km Armament: T4M , Martin (I-USA-AC|AS-A-B-N-IL1) Development of {T3M}. 102 built. Great Lakes continued production as the {TG}. Type: T4M-1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1927 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 390kW P&W R-1690-24 Hornet Wing Span: 16.15m Length: 10.85m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 60.94m2 Empty Weight: 1783kg Max.Weight: 3661kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 3100m Range: 590km Armament: 1*mg 953kg T5M, Martin (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1) Also known as the {BM}. T-6 Harvard, North American (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) Also known as the {AT-6}. T-6 Texan II, Raytheon/Beech/Pilatus (M-UAS-A-T-LN-N-T1) The Raytheon Beechcraft PC-9 Mk.II was selected by the USAF as training aicraft, after the long and fiercely contensted JPATS selection procedure. First deliveries are expected late in 1998. T-7, Beechcraft (S-USA-A|AS-T-LN-N-ARW2) Also known as {AT-7}. T-11, Beechcraft (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2) Also known as {AT-11}. T-28, North American (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1) This was the successor of the {T-6}. The T-28 was a low-wing trainer with tricycle landing gear. The only criticism levelled at it was that it was too easy to fly to be a good introduction to aircraft such as the {AD} Skyraider. Its potential as light attack and COIN aircraft was soon recognized. The T-28D was the fully combat-capable version, later renamed AT-28D. For the French old T-28As were converted into T-28S Fennecs. Later there was an experimental YAT-28E, powered by a Lycoming YT55-L-9 turboprop engine. Type: T-28B Task: trainer Year: 1967 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1425hp Wright R-1820-86 Wing Span: 12.22m Length: 10.06m Height: 3.86m Wing Area: 24.9m2 Empty Weight: 2914kg Max.Weight: 3586kg Max. Speed: 552km/h Ceiling: 10820m Max. Range: 1705km Armament: T-29, Convair (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2) Trainer version of the Convair 240 twin-engined transport. Also known as {AT-29}. Later used as VT-29 VIP transports. Type: T-29B Function: trainer Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 2500hp P&W R-2800-99W Speed: 480km/h Ceiling: 6320m Range: 2400km Armament: T-30, Douglas (?-USA-A-T-?-?-AR1) Trainer design competing with the {T-28}. It was never built. The 800hp Wright R-1300 radial engine was located behind the cockpit, driving the propeller by a long shaft under the tandem cockpit arrangement. T-31, Fairchild (?-USA-A-T-?-?-?) Two seat primary trainer, originally designed for the USN. Later it was also studied by the USAF. No T-31s were ever ordered. T-32, Convair (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-?W2) Project only. Version of the CV-240 airliner. T-33, Lockheed (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-J1) The 'T-bird' was the most famous jet trainer ever, a development of the {P-80} fighter. It was built and sold in large numbers, and some are still operational. Some time ago Boeing proposed to revive the surviving T-33 airframes by an extensive rebuild! There was also an DT-33 drone control version and a single-seat RT-33 recce version. The USAF retired its last T-33, an NT-33 flight control systems research aircraft, in April 1997. Type: T-33A Task: trainer Year: 1948 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2360kg Allison J33-35 Max. Speed: 960km/h Ceiling: 15000m Max. Range: Armament: 2 * mg12.7mm T-34 Mentor, Beechcraft (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-T1) The T-34 has been a standard USN trainer for a long time. There is some commonality with the Beechcraft Bonanza, but in essence the T-34 is a different aircraft. The T-34C is reengined with a turboprop, the T-34A had a Continental O-470-13 of 225hp. Type: T-34C Task: trainer Year: 1973 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 298kW P&WC PT6A-25 Max. Speed: 414km/h Ceiling: 9150m Max. Range: 1205km Armament: 544kg T-35 Buckaroo, Temco (P-USA-A-T-?-?-AI1) Two-seat primary trainer. The USAF evaluated three YT-35s, but did not place any orders. Ten T-35s were sold to Saudi Arabia. Type: T-35A Function: trainer Year: 1947 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 123kW Franklin 6A4-165-B3 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: T-36 Mentor, Beechcraft/Canadair (P-USA-A-T-?-?-ARW2) Twin-engined navigation trainer and transport, developed by Canadair (as the CL-60) and Beechcraft. It was powered by two R-2800 engines. The T-36 was cancelled in 1953. T-37, Cessna (P-USA-TA-A-LN-N-J2) A small twin-engined jet, with side-by-side seating, the standard USAF jet trainer. It will soldier on for some time to come, because an attempt to replace it has failed. 1268 built, plus an additional 577 of the {A-37} light attack aircraft that was developed from it. Type: T-37C Task: trainer Year: 1954 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 *4.56kN Continental J69-T-25 Max. Speed: 707km/h Ceiling: 8000m Max. Range: 1520km Armament: 2*b 205lb T-38 Talon, Northrop (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-J2) Supersonic training aircraft, related to the {F-5} fighter. The T-38 is to stay in service until 2020, after having been upgraded to T-38C configuraration with modern avionics. Type: T-38A Task: trainer Year: 1961 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1750kg GE J65-GE-5 Max. Speed: M1.23 Ceiling: 16300m Max. Range: 1770km Armament: T-39, Rockwell (M-USA-A-C|T-LS-N-JF2) Trainer version of the Sabreliner business aircraft. The T-39B is a radar trainer. T-40 Jetstar, Lockheed (P-USA-A-tC-LS-N-JF4) Renamed {C-140}. T-41 Mescalero, Cessna (P-USA-A-T-HN-N-AI1) The Cessna 172 with a layer of military paint. The USAF bought 864; total production of the Cessna 170/172/175/182 series exceeded 60,000. Type: T-41A Task: trainer Year: 1965 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Lycoming O-320-E2D Max. Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: 4000m Max. Range: 1030km Load: 2 seats T-42 Cochise, Beechcraft (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-AIW2) Military version of the Beech Baron. T-43, Boeing (M-USA-A-T-LS-N-JU2) A trainer version of the Boeing 737, equipped for 12 trainee navigators. 19 built. Type: T-43A Task: trainer Year: 1973 Crew: Engines: 2 * 6575kg P&W JT8D-9 Max. Speed: 943km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: T-44, Beechcraft (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-TW2) Military version of the Beech 90 King Air, used by the US Navy as trainer. See also {C-6}, {U-21}, and {C-12}. Type: T-44A Task: trainer Year: 1977 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 410kW P&WC PT6A-34B Max. Speed: 445km/h Ceiling: 8990m Max. Range: 2340km Armament: T-45 Goshawk, McDonnell Douglas (M-USA-AC-T-LS-N-J1) The USN did choose an adapted British Aerospace Hawk for its carrier-capable trainer requirement. The Hawk is a single-engined, low-wing jet trainer with a secondary attack capability. The T-45 has stronger landing gear, a tailhook, different air brakes, full-span flaps, leading edge slats, a taller tailfin, a longer nose, and structural strengthening. But it still looks very much like a Hawk. The T-45B interim version, wich would not have been carrier-capable, was not built. Type: T-45A Task: trainer Year: 1989 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 24.24kN R.-R. Turbomeca F405-RR-400L Max. Speed: 997km/h Ceiling: 12875m Max. Range: 1850km Armament: T-46, Fairchild (M-USA-A-T-HN-N-J2) The T-46 was intended to replace the {T-37}. Only the three prototypes were built, before the cost of the program halted it. Type: T-46A Task: trainer Year: 1985 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 602kg Garret F109-GA-100 Max. Speed: 725km/h Ceiling: 13500m Max. Range: 2010km Armament: T-47, Cessna (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-JF2) The USN has used 15 Cessna Citation S/II's as radar trainers, designated T-47A. The T-47B is intended for the USAF as a tanker trainer. Type: T-47A Task: radar trainer Year: 1985 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 12.89kN P&WC JT15D-5 Max. Speed: M0.733 Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: T-48, Cessna (P-USA-T-A-LN-N-J2) Development of the {T-37}. Type: YT-48A Task: trainer Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * Garret F019-GA-100 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: TA, Fokker (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1&ARU2) The three TA-1s were bomber versions of the {C-2} (Fokker F.VII) delivered to the USMC for use in Nicaragua in 1928. TA-2, Huff-Daland (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Renamed {AT-1}. 75kW Anzani engine. TA-3, Wright (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Version of {TW-3} with 80hp or 100hp Le Rhone engine. TA-6, Huff-Daland (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1) Renamed {AT-1}. 149 Lawrence J-1 engine. Tacit Blue, Northrop (M-USA-A-X-LN-N-J2) Single-seat technology demonstrator for Stealth aircraft, originally designed as a battlefield surveillance aircraft. Tacit Blue had an "inverted bathtub"-shaped fuselage, straight wings and a V-tail. It flew between 1982 and 1985 in great secrecy, and was then stored until it was suddenly put in a museum in 1996. One built. Type: Tacit Blue Function: experimental Year: 1982 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * Garrett ATF3-6 Wing Span: 14.69m Length: 17.00m Height: 3.23m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: TB, Boeing (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-IL1) Torpedo-bomber biplane with side-by-side seating for pilot and navigator. Three built. Type: TB-1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1927 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 850hp Packard 2A-2500 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: TB2D Skypirate, Douglas (S-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1) Large torpedo-bomber intended for service on the Midway-class carriers. Powered by the big R-4360 engine, the TB2D could carry four torpedoes in an internal armament bay. The TB2D was a good aircraft, but it was already obsolete when the Midway-class carriers entered service. It was cancelled at the end of WWII. Two built. Type: XTB2D-1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1945 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 3350hp P&W R-4360-8 Wing Span: 21.34m Length: 11.13m Height: 14.02m Wing Area: 56.21m2 Empty Weight: 8348kg Max.Weight: 15767kg Speed: 546km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 2013km Armament: (7*mg12.7mm 3630kg) TB2F, Grumman (S-USA-AC-A-HN-N-ARW2) Twin-engined shipboard torpedo-bomber, intended for the large Midway-class carriers. On second throughts, the Navy admitted that operating such a large twin-engined aircraft from carriers might be a bad idea. Only a mockup was constructed. Type: XTB2F-1 Function: torpedo-bomber Year: 1944 Crew: Engines: 2 * 2100hp P&W R-2800-22 Wing Span: 22.56m Length: 15.85m Height: 6.45m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 10200kg Max.Weight: 20410kg Speed: 544km/h Ceiling: 9630m Range: 5955km Armament: 10*mg12.7mm 1635kg TB3F, Grumman (P-USA-AC-A|E-MN-N-AR1) Renamed {AF}. TBD Devastator, Douglas (S-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1) Standard USN torpedo aircraft in the years before WWII. In 1937 the TDB represented a major improvement over the earlier biplane torpedo bombers of the USN. But in 1941 it was obsolete, and suffered heavy losses. 130 built. Type: TBD-1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 660kW P&W R-1830-64 Speed: 332km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1600km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 454kg TBF Avenger, Grumman (S-USA-AC-A|B|E-MN-N-AR1) Standard carrier-borne torpedo aircraft and light bomber of WWII and the period after the war. With its fat fuselage and rectangular surfaces the TBF was rather ugly, but it was a sturdy and reliable aircraft of advanced concept. Later models carried radar equipment for the ASW and EAW roles. Many Avengers were {TBM}s, built by General Motors. 9839 built. Type: TBF-1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1942 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1250kW Wright R-2600-8 Wing Span: 16.51m Length: 12.20m Height: 4.19m Wing Area: 45.52m2 Empty Weight: 4788kg Max.Weight: 7876kg Speed: 436km/h Ceiling: 6830m Range: 4075km Armament: 3*mg12.7mm, 907kg TBG, Great Lakes (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1) Torpedo bomber biplane, lost the competition for orders to the monoplane Douglas {TBD}. One remarkable feature of the XTBG-1 was that the bombardier had a separate cockpit, ahead of the lower wing edge. The TBG also had some advanced features, such as a retractable landing gear, and an enclosed cockpits. It offered a significant increase in performance over the earlier {TG}, but nevertheless it was clearly obsolete. Type: XTBG-1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 800hp P&W XR-1830-60 Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 10.69m Height: 4.60m Wing Area: 50.82m2 Empty Weight: 2414kg Max.Weight: 4207kg Speed: 296km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 945kg Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 454kg TBM Avenger, General Motors (S-USA-AC-A|B|E-MN-N-AR1) See also {TBF}. 4657 of the Avengers were built by GM and called TBM. The TBM-3R was a COD version of the TBF/TBM series, with the gun turret faired over and seven seats; the TBM-3W version of the TBF/TBM Avenger was a AEW aircraft with a large radome under the forward fuselage, and two additional fins on the tailplane. The TBM-3Q was an electronic warfare version, also with a ventral radome and two extra fins. Type: TBM-3 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1305kW Wright R-2600-20 Wing Span: 16.51m Length: 12.19m Height: 5.00m Wing Area: 45.52m2 Empty Weight: 4853kg Max.Weight: 8278kg Speed: 430km/h Ceiling: 7130m Range: 1819km Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm 907kg TBU, Vought (S-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1) This torpedo bomber was designed by Vought to compete with the Grumman {TBF}. The TBF was preferred mainly because Vought was already preoccupied with the {F4U}. Later the aircraft was reconsidered, and Vultee was tasked with the production. The production version was then renamed {TBY}. Type: XTBU-1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1850hp P&W R-26900-6 Wing Span: 17.42m Length: 11.89m Height: 5.66m Wing Area: 40.78m2 Empty Weight: 4764kg Max.Weight: 7370kg Speed: 500km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 2250km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.7mm 910kg TBV Georgia, Vultee Planned navalized, torpedo-bomber version of the {A-35}. Not built. TBY Sea Wolf, Consolidated-Vultee (S-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1) This was to be the production version of the TBU. The USN required serveral changes, including an engine change. The TBY demonstrated a better performance than the {TBF}, but flew first in 1944, had numerous technical faults, and was not very suitable for carrier operations. The TBY was only operated by training units. 180 were built. Type: TBY-2 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 2100hp P&W R-2800-34 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 502km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: TD2N, Naval Aircraft Factory (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2) See {TDR}. TD2R, Interstate (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2) Development of {TDR} with 450hp engines. TD3N, Naval Aircraft Factory (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2) Development of {TD2N}. TD3R, Interstate (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2) Development of {TDR}. TDL, Bell (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-IL1) The two XTDL-1s were Bell {P-39}Qs, used as target aircraft by the USN. They were later renamed {F2L}-1K. TDN, Naval Aircraft Factory (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2) Precursor of {TD2N} and {TDR} series. TDR, Interstate (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2) Production version of the {TD2N}. The TDR was a remotely-controlled aircraft -- a cockpit was provided for ferry flights. It was a clean twin-engined monoplane with fixed landing gear. The TDR was fitted with a TV-camera in the nose, and could carry a bomb or a torpedo. The TDR was used in some attacks in the Pacific in 1944. Type: TDR-1 Function: attack Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 220hp Lycming O-435-2 Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: 685km Armament: 906kg TF, Grumman (P-USA-AC-C-HN-N-ARW2) The Grumman Trader COD aircraft, later renamed {C-1}. The TF-1Q was an electronic testbed. TF, Naval Aircraft Factory (I-USA-AF-F-B-N-ILBD2) This escort and patrol 'fighter' flying boat was a large biplane, powered by two engines in tandem between the wings, and with a tail carried by tubular booms. Four were built. Type: TF Function: fighter Year: 1920 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 300hp Wright/Hispano-Suiza H Wing Span: 18.29m Length: 13.54m Height: Wing Area: 86.40m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 4012kg Speed: 172km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.62mm TG, Great Lakes (I-USA-AC|AS-A-B-N-AR1) Biplane torpedo bomber developed from the {T4M}. Great Lakes had bought the Cleveland factor of Martin, which had produced the T4M. Type: TG-2 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1934 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 575hp Wright Cyclone Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: 4010m Range: Armament: THAP, Northrop (M-USA-A-R-?-?-?2) Tactical High Altitude Penetrator. Alleged Northrop technology demonstrator for the (also alleged) stealth reconnaissance aircraft TR-3. Type: THAP Function: experimental Year: 1978 Crew: Engines: 2 * Wing Span: 17m Length: 11.6m Height: 4.3m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 26310kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: T.M.23, Thomas-Morse (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Small, all-metal single-seat biplane fighter. Even after major constructional modifications, the handling of the T.M.23 remained poor. Prototype only. Type: T.M.23 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 440hp Curtiss D-12 Wing Span: 8.12m Length: 6.60m Height: Wing Area: 24.52m2 Empty Weight: 870kg Max.Weight: 1227kg Speed: 269km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.15hrs Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm TO, Lockheed (P-USA-A-FT-LN-N-J1) Designation applied by the USN to (purely land-based) {P-80} Shooting Stars that it used as trainers. Renamed TV after 1950. TP-1, Engineering Division (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Two-seat biplane fighter. Performance was too low for the fighter role, and the second aiorcraft was converted to the {CO-5} observation version while under construction. The single TP-1 prototype was later used to test a turbo-supercharger. Type: TP-1 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 423hp Liberty 12 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 7.64m Height: 3.05m Wing Area: 38.84m2 Empty Weight: 1246kg Max.Weight: 1979kg Speed: 207km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.6hrs Armament: 5*mg7.7mm TR, Curtiss (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-?1) Variation on the {TS}, with a different wing and/or engine. TR, Navy-Wright (I-USA-AC-*-B-N-AR1) Racing aircraft. The TR-3A did not compete in the 1923 Schneider races. It was a development of the {TS} (or {FC}) fighter. TS, Naval Aircraft Factory / Curtiss (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1) The TS-1 biplane was the first purpose-designed US carrier fighter. It was designed by the Naval Aircraft Factory, but production contracts were gven to Curtiss. It was also known as the FC. The TS-1 was built of wood; later Curtiss produced an all-metal development, the {F4C}. The TS-2 and TS-3 were experimental reengined versions. 43 built. Type: TS-1 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Lawrance J-1 Wing Span: 7.62m Length: 6.73m Height: 2.92m Wing Area: 21.18m2 Empty Weight: 562kg Max.Weight: 871kg Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: Range: 775km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm TSF, Grumman (S-USA-AC-A-HN-N-ARW2) The TSF was designed as a twin-engined torpedo bomber and scout, smaller than the cancelled {TB2F}. The design was based on the {F7F}, with side-by-side seating and an internal bomb bay. It was cancelled to allow Grumman to concentrate on more important aircraft. Never built. Type: XTSF-1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1944 Crew: Engines: 2 * 2100hp P&W R-2800-22 Wing Span: 22.56m Length: 10.36m Height: 13.97m Wing Area: 42.27m2 Empty Weight: 7966kg Max.Weight: 12701kg Speed: 680km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg12.7mm 1810kg TT Pinto, Temco (P-USA-AC-T-MN-N-J1) The Temco TT was the first US jet-engined primary trainer. It was a simple mid-wing design with a slender tailboom. 15 built. Type: TT-1 Task: trainer Year: 1959 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 4.1kN Continental J69-T-9 Wing Span: 9.09m Length: 9.32m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 13.94m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1966kg Max. Speed: 555km/h Ceiling: 9815m Max. Range: 1.5hrs TV, Lockheed (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-J1) The {P-80} and {T-33} in Navy service. The {T2V} was a more carrier-capable development. TW-2, Cox-Klemin (I-USA-A-T-B-N-?1) Two-seat training biplane. Three built. TW-3, Wright (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Two-seat biplane trainer. 134kW Wright engine. TW-4, Fokker (I-USA-A-T-B-N-?1) This was the Fokker {S.I} trainer in US service. TW-5, Huff-Daland (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1) Renamed {AT-1}. Powered by a Wright-Hispano E-2. --U--------------------------------------------------------------------------- U-1, Caspar-Heinkel (I-D-AS-R-B-N-?1) The U-1 was built in Germany during 1922, despite the clause in the treaty of Versailles forbiding the development of military aircraft. It had been ordered by the USA. It was a small, wooden, twin-float biplane for submarines. Two were built for the USA and at least two (possibly four) for Japan. Type: U-1 Function: reconaisssance Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 60hp Siemens Wing Span: 7.22m Length: 6.20m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 360kg Max.Weight: 510kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 2hrs U-1 Otter, de Havilland Canada (P-USA-A|AS-U-HN-N-AR1) The DHC-3 Otter is a single-engined STOL transport. It was used by the US Army as the U-1, and by the Navy as the {UC}. They served until the mid-1970s, some staying on until the early 1980s. Type: DHC-3 Country: Canada Function: transport Year: 1951 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp P&W R-1340-S1H1-G Wing Span: 17.68m Length: 12.75m Height: 3.84m Wing Area: 34.84m2 Empty Weight: 2010kg Max.Weight: 3629kg Speed: 222km/h Ceiling: 5730m Range: 1520km Load: 14 seats U-2, Lockheed (P|M-USA-A-R|E-MN-N-J1) The U-2, a high-flying reconaissance aircraft, was camouflaged by this inoccent 'utility' designation. Ironically, it has become the most famous U-designated aircraft... The extremely high-flying U-2 spyplane became infamous in 1960 by being shot down over the Soviet Union. After that, the U-2 was claimed to be restricted to meteorological and environment control flights, but it continued to spy above countries other than the USSR, such as China and Cuba. Some were shot down. The WU-2 was used for sampling of the stratosphere, and examining the fall-out from nuclear tests. Later versions had a J75 engine. The U-2R is a much-modified version with two large pods on the wing, built in the second and third production runs --- the aircraft of the third series were named TR-1 for some time. The latest U-2R models were still present during the 1991 Gulf War. Reengining with the lighter and more powerful G.E. F118-GE-F29 engine is under way. Type: U-2B Task: reconaissance Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7710kg P&W J57-P-13B Max. Speed: 850km/h Ceiling: 27400m Max. Range: 6640km Type: U-2R Function: reconaissance Year: 1967 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7710kg P&W J75-P-13B Wing Span: 31.39m Length: 19.13m Height: 4.88m Wing Area: 92.90m2 Empty Weight: 7031kg Max.Weight: 18733kg Speed: M0.8 Ceiling: 24380m Range: 10060km U-3, Cessna (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AIW2) The Cessna 310C. Type: 310 Function: utility Year: 1954 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 213kW Continental IO-520-M Speed: 383km/h Ceiling: 6020m Range: 2800km Freight: 4 to 5 seats U-4, Aerocommander (P-USA-A-U|E-HN-N-AIW2) Aerocommander 560, used as VIP transport. Type: 560F Function: utility Year: 1961 Crew: Engines: 2 * 350hp Lycoming IGO-540B1A Speed: 402km/h Ceiling: 6675m Range: 2745km Freight: U-5, Helio (P-USA-A-U-?-?-?) The Helio H-500 Twin Courier. U-6, de Havilland Canada (P-USA-A|AS-U-HN-N-AR1) The DHC-2 {Beaver}. Type: DHC-2 Function: utility Year: 1948 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985 Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 1200km Freight: 4-5 seats U-7, Piper (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) Designation applied in 1962 to the former {L-21}. U-8 Seminole, Beechcraft (P-USA-A-UE-LN-N-AIW2) The Beechcraft 50 Twin Bonanza or the Queen Air, also known as the {L-23}. Type: U-8D Function: utility Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 254kW Lycoming O-480-1 Speed: 375km/h Ceiling: Range: 2170km Freight: 6 seats U-9, Aerocommander (P-USA-A-U|E-HN-N-AIW2) Aerocommander 560, also known as the {L-26} or {U-4}. The RU-9D was a modified U-9 carrying side-looking radar. U-10 Super Courier, Helio (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) High-wing liaison aircraft, of which about 500 were built, of which 65 for the US Army. Type: U-10D Function: utility Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220kW Lycoming GO-480-G1D6 Wing Span: 11.89m Length: 9.45m Height: 2.69m Wing Area: 21.46m2 Empty Weight: 943kg Max. Weight: 1542kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: 6250m Range: 2200km Freight: 5 seats U-11, Piper (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AIW2) This is a version of the Piper PA-23 Aztec for the US Navy. Type: PA-23T-250 Aztec F Function: utility Year: 1978 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 187kW Lycoming TIO-540-C1A Wing Span: 11.37m Length: 3.07m Height: Wing Area: 19.23m2 Empty Weight: 1507kg Max.Weight: 2360kg Speed: 407km/h Ceiling: 7315m Range: 2120km Freight: 4 seats U-16 Albatross, Grumman (P-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2) Previously called {UF} by the USN. The HU-16 Albatross was probably the most successful post-WWII flying boat. It was used mainly as a search & rescue aircraft. There was also an LU-16 "tribiphian" model with skis, for arctic operations. Type: HU-16D Function: utility Year: 1955 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1063kW R-1820-76A Wing Span: 18.67m Length: 7.87m Height: Wing Area: 96.15m2 Empty Weight: 10380kg Max.Weight: 16193kg Speed: 380km/h Ceiling: 6555m Range: 4587km Armament: U-17 Skywagon, Cessna (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) The Cessna 185 high-wing cabin monoplane, in military service. About 450 were bought by the USAF from 1962 onwards. Type: Cessna 185 Function: utility Year: 1961 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 244kW Continental IO-520-D Wing Span: 10.92m Length: 7.81m Height: 2.36m Wing Area: 16.16m2 Empty Weight: 769kg Max.Weight: 1520kg Speed: 286km/h Ceiling: 5230m Range: 1575km Freight: up to 5 seats U-18 Navion, Ryan (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AI1) Formerly {L-17}. U-19 Sentinel, Stinson (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AI1) Stinson V-76, former {L-5}G. U-21 Ute, Beech (P-USA-A-UE-LN-N-TW2) The Beech King Air in military service. The Super King Air is known as the {C-12}. The first U-21s were used as light transports, but an increasing number was converted to RU-21 communications and signal intelligence aircraft. U-22, Beechcraft (P-USA-A-U-?-?-?) U-23 Peacemaker, Fairchild (P-USA-A-UA-HN-N-T1) The Pilatus {PC-6} Porter in USAF form. The AU-23 was a gunship version of the U-23; Fairchild built 92 of them. In the USAF the AU-23 remained an experiment, but 33 are still in service in Thailand. U-24, Helio (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-T1) Helio H-550A Stallion, a turboprop-engined development of the Courier (See {L-28} and {U-10}). The AU-24 was a gunship version, 15 were bought by the USAF. Experimental only. U-25 Guardian, Dassault-Breguet (M-USA-A-R-LS-N-JF2) The US Coast Guard bought 41 HU-25A's. They are developed from the Falcon 20. Eight were modified to 'Night Stalker' drugs intercept aircraft. Type: HU-25A Function: utility Year: 1979 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 2400kg Garret AiResearch ATF3-6 Speed: M0.8 Ceiling: Range: 4185km Freight: U-25 Huron, Beech (?-USA-A-U-?-?-?) Cancelled. Beech A-200 Huron. U-26 Turbo Stationcar, Cessna (M-USA-A-U-HN-N-T1) Cessna 206 Skywagon. U-27 Caravan, Cessna (M-USA-A-U-HN-N-T1) Cessna model 208 utility transport. Type: 208 Function: utility Year: 1984 Crew: Engines: 1 * 447kW P&WC PT6A-114 Wing Span: 15.88m Length: 11.46m Height: 4.32m Wing Area: 25.96m2 Empty Weight: 1752kg Max.Weight: 3692kg Speed: 341km/h Ceiling: 8410m Range: 2010km Freight: U-38, Schweizer (M-USA-A-RU-?N-T-AI2) Surveillance aircraft for the US Coast Guard, developed by using parts of the R{G-8} motorized glider. The RU-38 combines slender sailplane wings with a twin-boom layout and a central nacelle with both a pusher and a tractor engine. The engines are made as silent as possible, and the RU-38 carries radar, FLIR, and low light-level television equipment. Three ordered. Type: RU-38A Function: covert surveillance Year: 1995 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 261kW Teledyne Continental GIO-550 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: UC Otter, de Havilland Canada (P-USA-A|AS-U-HN-N-AR1) See {U-1}. UF Albatross, Grumman (P-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2) Also known as the H{U-16}. UF, Vought (I-USA-A|AS-F-B-N-AR1) Single-seat fighter derivative of the {UO}. UO, Piper (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AIW2) Also known as {U-11}. UO, Vought (I-USA-A|AS-R-B-N-AR1) Catapult-launched observation aircraft for the USN, developed from the {VE-7}. Type: UO-1 Task: reconaissance Year: 1923 Crew: Engines: 1 * 200hp Wright Whirlwind Max. Speed: 197km/h Ceiling: 5500m Max. Range: Armament: UV Jetstar, Lockheed (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF4) Navy designation for {C-140}. --V--------------------------------------------------------------------------- V-1, McDonnell (P-USA-AV-X-R3&HN-T-AR1) The XV-1 was an experimental compound-heli. It had a broad-bladed rotor, a streamlined hub, a pusher propeller and twin tail booms. The rotor was by tipjets, fed with fuel and compressed air from the engine. Two small anti-torque tail rotors were fitted. It was evaluated by the US Army, but was not ordered. Type: XV-1 Task: Experimental Year: 1954 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 405kW Continental R-975-19 Max. Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Load: 3 seats V-1 Mohawk, Grumman (P-USA-A-AR-MN-N-TW2) The OV-1 is a STOL aircraft intended for COIN duties. It has twin turboprop engines and, for single-engine stability, triple tailfins. Later versions carried a SLAR pod. The RV-1's were electronic warfare conversions to track SAM radars. The original EV-1 electronic warfare version was not sold to the US forces. The OV-1 was retired from US service in late 1996. Some were already transferred to Argentina. Type: OV-1B Task: tactical reconaissance Year: 1960 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 810kW Lycoming T53-L-15 Max. Speed: 480km/h Ceiling: 9250m Max. Range: 2140km Armament: Type: OV-1D Function: tactical reconaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1044kW Avco Lycoming T53-L-701 Wing Span: 14.63m Length: 12.50m Height: 3.86m Wing Area: 33.44m2 Empty Weight: 5486kg Max.Weight: 8214kg Speed: 491km/h Ceiling: Range: 1627km Armament: V-2, Sikorsky (P-USA-AV-X-?-?-AR1) Sikorsky S.57, a convertiplane powered by a radial engine. Cancelled. V-2, de Havilland Canada (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2) CV-2 was an US Army designation for the DHC-4. Later renamed {C-7}. V-3, Bell (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-AR1) The XV-3 was an experimental VTOL with a tilting rotor/propeller at each wingtip. The engine was buried in the box-like fuselage. Jetpipes at the tail were added. Two built, the second one became the world's first convertiplane to achieve a transition from vertical to horizontal flight. Type: XV-3 Task: experimental Year: 1955 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-3 Wing Span: 9.54m Length: 9.23m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2177kg Max. Speed: 291km/h Ceiling: 3600m Max. Range: Load: 3 seats V-4 Hummingbird, Lockheed (P-USA-AV-X-MN-N-J2) Experimental VTOL, two built. The VTOL characteristics were attained by expelling the exhaust through large openings in the lower fuselage; this was augmented by air sucked in by openings in the upper fuselage. The XV-4B was a modified version that used only direct jet lift. Type: XV-4A Task: experimental Year: 1962 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1360kg P&W JT12A-3 Wing Span: 7.82m Length: 9.96m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3265kg Max. Speed: 833km/h at 3050m Ceiling: Max. Range: 540km V-5, Ryan (P-USA-AV-X-LD-N-J2) Experimental VTOL, two built. The XV-5A had large fans in the wings and the nose, and the jet exhaust under the tail could be deflected downwards. Type: XV-5B Task: experimental Year: 1964 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1200kg G.E. J85-GE-5 Max. Speed: 880km/h Ceiling: 12200m Max. Range: 1600km Armament: V-6 Kestrel, Hawker (M-GB-V-X-HS-N-J1) The precursor of the AV-8 Harrier, Hawker-Siddeley P.1127. As evaluated by the USAF. V-7, de Havilland Canada (P-CANADA-A-C-HN-N-TW2) The CV-7 became known as the {C-8} after the aircraft, like all fixed-wing types, was transferred from the US Army to the USAF. This also cut short the number of aircraft ordered. V-8 Harrier, McDonnell Douglas (M-GB&USA-V-A-HS-N-J1) The Harrier, a British design, is the only operational Western VTOL aircraft. U.S. Harriers, AV-8s, are used by the Marine Corps. The AV-8A was later replaced by the AV-8B with 50% more internal fuel and 70% more external ordnance. Type: AV-8B Function: attack Year: 1983 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 9730kg R.R. F402-RR-408 Wing Span: 9.25m Length: 14.50m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 21.30m2 Empty Weight: 6344kg Max.Weight: 14061kg Speed: M 0.93 Ceiling: Range: 1205km Armament: 1*g25mm, 6003kg V-8 Fleep, Ryan (P-USA-A-X-*-*-AI1) The XV-8 has a flexible hang-glider wing. It was an ultralight, with a pusher prop. One built. Type: XV-8A Task: experimental Year: 1963 Crew: Engines: 1 * 155kW Continental IO-360-A Max. Speed: 105km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: V-9, Hughes (P-USA-H-X-R3-N-J2) Experimental compound helicopter, one built. The engine exhaust was ducted through the rotor hub and the blades, and expelled from the rotor tips. The system proved reliable, but the aircraft itself had bad characteristics. Type: XV-9A Task: experimental Year: 1964 Crew: Engines: 2 * G.E. YT64-GE-6 Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: V-10 Bronco, North American / Rockwell (P-USA-A-ARU-HN-T-T2|T2&J1) COIN aircraft, a twin-boom, twin-turboprop aircraft. The OV-10 had a large bulged cockpit for good view, two pylons under the fuselage for the weapons load, and a cargo hold in the aft fuselage for transport and paradrops. It played an important role in the Vietnam war as FAC. German OV-10s had a jet engine on top of the fuselage, to increase the performance for target-towing. Retired from US service in 1994. Type: OV-10A Task: tactical reconaissance. Year: 1965 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 533kW Garrett T76-G-416/417 Wing Span: 12.19m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 3127kg Max.Weight: Max. Speed: 452km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 2225km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm, 1635kg V-11, Vultee The V-11 was a private venture military development of the V-1 transport. Later a few were sold to the USAAC under the designation {A-19}. The V-11s were modern low-wing aircraft of all-metal construction, retaining the wing of the V-1 but fitted with a new fuselage. Sales included 30 to China, 1 to the USSR, 40 to Turkey and 26 to Brazil. Of the latter, eight were completed as torpedo-bombers on floats. Type: V-11-GB Function: light bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1000hp Wright GR-1820-G2 Wing Span: 15.24m Length: 11.42m Height: 3.05m Wing Area: 35.67m2 Empty Weight: 2801kg Max.Weight: 5188kg Speed: 344km/h at SL, 386km/h at 1800m Ceiling: 7010m Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm Browning .30 in the wings with 600rpg, one in the rear cockpit and one in a ventral position. External bomb load up to 515kg. Cells in the wing for 30 bombs of 14kg. V-12, Vultee Improved version of the Vultee {V-11}, with cleaner aerodynamic contours. The Chinese ordered 26 aircraft with the R-1820 engine, called V-12-C, and 40 with the GR-2600 engine, called V-12-D; all but one V-12-C and two V-12-D were to be assembled in China. These production runs were apparenly never completed. Type: V-12 Function: light bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1200hp P&W R-1830-S1C3-G Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 3212kg Max.Weight: Speed: 362km/h at SL, 422km/h at 4660m Ceiling: Range: Armament: Two 12.7mm Browning .50 with 550rpg, and two 7.7m Browning .30s with 1200rpg in the wings. One .30 in the rear cockpit and one in a ventral position. Cells for 36 bombs of 14kg in the wings, external bomb load up to 515kg. V-11 Marvel, Parsons (P-USA-A-X-?-?-TP1) Developed by the Mississipi State University, as a testbed for boundary layer control. It had a T-63-A engine and a pusher propeller. V-12, Rockwell (P-USA-AV-F-HS-N-J1) See {FV-12}. V-15, Bell (M-USA-AV-X-HN-N-TW2) A tilt-engine VTOL aircraft, precursor of the {V-22} Osprey. As in the latter, the engines are at the wingtips and rotate for VTOL. It had an advanced stability and control system. Type: XV-15 Task: experimental Year: 1977 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1156kW Avco Lycoming LTC1K-4K Total Span: 17.42m Length: 12.83m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 5897kg Max. Speed: 615km/h Ceiling: 8840m Max. Range: 825km V-16 Super Harrier, McDonnell Douglas / Hawker Siddeley (P-USA&GB-AV-FA-HS-N-J1) The AV-16 was a development of the A{V-8} Harrier. Cancelled, because uprating the R.R. Pegasus engine was considered too costly. V-18, de Havilland Canada (M-CANADA-A-C-HN-N-TW2) The UV-18 was a military de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter. V-20 Chiricahua, Pilatus (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-T1) The UV-20 was the PC-6 Turbo Porter, a STOL transport. Type: PC-6/B2-H2 Function: utility Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 507kW P&WC PT6A-27 Speed: 259km/h Ceiling: 8535m Range: 1620km Load: 10 seats. V-22 Osprey, Bell-Boeing (M-USA-AV-CU-HN-N-TW2) The V-22 is destined to be the first operational tilt-rotor aircraft. It has the configuration of the smaller {V-15}, with rotating engine pods set at the wingtips. The fuselage is box-like. The wing is set above the fuselage, and can rotate to be parallel with the fuselage, for storage. Possible production versions include the MV-22 for the USMC, HV-22 and SV-22 for the USN, and CV-22 for the USAF. The programme is under constant treat of budget cuts. Current plans are for 523: 425 for the USMC, 48 for the USN and 50 for the USAF. First deliveries expected in 1999. Type: V-22 Task: VTOL prototype Year: 1989 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 3865kW Allison T406-AD-400 Total Span: 25.55m Length: 17.48m Height: 5.38m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 15032kg Max.Weight: 27442kg Max. Speed: 510km/h Ceiling: 3444m Max. Range: 3892km Armament/Load: 24 seats V-23 Skytrader (M-USA-A-U-?-?-T2) STOL utility aircraft, tested by the USAF as special operations transport. Type: UV-23 Year: 1989 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 761kW Turbomeca Astazou XVI Speed: 371km/h Ceiling: 9145m Range: 2130km Freight: 19 seats V-141, Vought (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Vought bought the Northrop 3A (X{P-948}) design, and rapidly developed the V-141 from it. The USAAC didn't want the V-141, because of its poor flying characteristics. Vought then modified it and tried to export it as the V-143. Type: V-141 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp P&W R-1535-SA1-G Wing Span: 10.2m Length: 6.81m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1594kg Max.Weight: Speed: 483km/h Ceiling: 9330m Range: 1530km Armament: 2*mg7.5mm 158kg V-143, Vought (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1) Development of the {V-141}, actually a modification of the prototype, initially only involving redesign of the tail surfaces. Later the V-143 was modified more, with a long fuselage. Northrop (that still owned the export rights) sold the by now obsolete V-143 to Japan for a fraction of the cost: $64800. The V-143 provided some inspiration for a new generation of Japanese combat aircraft, but did not, as was alledged later, contribute significantly to the design of the A6M 'Zero'. Type: V-143 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 825hp P&W R-1535-SB4G Wing Span: 10.21m Length: 7.92m Height: 2.84m Wing Area: 17.37m2 Empty Weight: 1583kg Max.Weight: 1982kg Speed: 470km/h Ceiling: Range: 1300km Armament: V-150, Vought Fighter aircraft marketed by Vought, that actually didn't exist. V-173, Vought (S-USA-A-X-*-F-?1) Pancake-shaped test aircraft, an aerodynamic prototype for the {F5U} fighter. The V-173 flew well. Type: V-173 Function: experimental Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: Range: VCP-1, Engineering Division (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) Single-seat biplane fighter, a structurally advanced aircraft with a wooden monococque fuselage, and single-bay biplane wings with I- struts. The role of the prototype was later changed to that of racing aircraft, and it was renamed {R-1}. Type: VCP-1 Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 660hp Packard 1A-2025 Wing Span: 9.75m Length: 6.81m Height: 2.54m Wing Area: 24.99m2 Empty Weight: 913kg Max.Weight: 1211kg Speed: 248km/h Ceiling: Range: 479km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm VCP-2, Engineering Division (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1) See {PW-1}. VE-7 Bluebird, Lewis-Vought (I-USA-A|AS-T|F-B-N-IL1) Post-WWI advanced trainer biplane, the first product of Lewis & Vought. Of the 129 built, a large portion were VE-7G two-seat fighters or VE-7S single-seat fighters (64 built). They could also be equipped with flotation gear, or with full float undercarriage. Type: VE-7SF Task: trainer Year: 1921 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150hp Hispano-Suiza Wing Span: 10.40m Length: 7.44m Height: 2.62m Wing Area: 26.43m2 Empty Weight: 683kg Max.Weight: 953kg Max. Speed: 188km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 470km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm VE-8, Lewis-Vought (I-USA-A|AS-F-B-N-IL1) This was a smaller development of the {VE-7}, with a more powerful engine. Only two were built. The VE-8 was considered overweight, with poor performance and sluggish handling. Type: VE-8 Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza H Wing Span: 9.45m Length: 6.50m Height: 2.64m Wing Area: 28.52m2 Empty Weight: 1105kg Max.Weight: Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.62mm VE-9, Lewis-Vought (I-USA-AC|AS-F|R-B-N-IL1) Slightly improved {VE-7}. It was built as a single-seat shipboard fighter (VE-9) and as a two-seat observation floatplane for catapult use (VE-9H). It was powered by a 180hp Wright Hispano E-3. Viking 00-1 (I-F-AF-U-B-N-AR1) License-built version of the French {F.B.A.17} biplane flying boat, powered by Wright J-6 radial engines. Five built for the US Coast Guard. VZ-1, Hiller (P-USA-V-X-*-*-?) One-man flying platform, propelled by a ducted airscrew. Two built. VZ-2, Vertol (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-T1) The VZ-2 served to study the convertiplane concept. It had a rectangular open-rig fuselage. The engine was carried on top, with a split exhaust to avoid the rudder. Two propellers were fitted to the wingm which was tilted to achieve VTOL, and two fans were installed in the tail for control. Type: VZ-2A Task: VTOL experimental Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 640kW Lycoming YT-53-L-1 Wing Span: 7.59m Length: 8.05m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: VZ-3 Vertiplane, Ryan (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-T1) Experimental V/STOL aircraft. The VZ-3 had extremely large flaps and endplates under the wingtips, deflecting the slipstream from two propellers downwards. The engine was buried in the fuselage. Type: VZ-3RY Task: STOL experimental Year: 1958 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 740kW Lycoming T53-L-1 Wing Span: 7.14m Length: 8.43m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1180kg Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: VZ-4, Doak (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-T1) Small VTOL test aircraft. The engine was buried in the fuselage and powered large ducted, eight-bladed propellers at the wingtips. The exhaust was piped to the tail to provide control in hovering flight. One built. Type: VZ-4DA Task: VTOL experimental Year: 1958 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 625kW Lycoming YT53 Wing Span: 7.77m Length: 9.75m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1452kg Max. Speed: 370km/h at S/L Ceiling: Max. Range: 370km Armament: VZ-5, Fairchild (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-T1) The VZ-5 was very similar to the {VZ-3}, but it had four propellers and a small tail rotor. VZ-6, Chrysler (P-USA-AV-X-*-*-AI1) Ducted-fan testbed, a so-called "flying jeep" with two ducted propellers fore and aft of the seat. They suffered from lateral instability. Two built. Type: VZ-6 Function: experimental VTOL Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Lycoming Wing Span: Length: 6.55m Height: 1.57m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1088kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: VZ-7, Curtiss-Wright (P-USA-AV-X-*-*-T1) Another flying jeep. It was a rig with four vertical propellers, powered by a Turbomeca Artouste turboshaft. Two were built. They worked well, but not meed the required performance standards. Type: VZ-7 Function: experimental VTOL Year: 1958 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 1 * 425hp Turbomeca Artouste IIB Span: 4.87m Length: 5.18m Height: 2.83m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 771kg Max.Weight: 952kg Speed: 51km/h Ceiling: 60m Range: VZ-8 Airgeep, Piasecki (P-USA-AV-X-*-*-AI2|T1|T2) The "airgeep" was the most successful of al flying jeeps. It had two three-bladed, horizontal ducted rotors fore and aft of the fuselage. It looked like a flying liferaft, rather than a flying jeep. The original two 180hp Lycoming engines were replaced by a single turboshaft engine after delivery. The VZ-8 was also tested by the USN. Another VZ-8P, called VZ-8P (B), was powered by two Artouste engines and had an angled rear duct. Type: VZ-8P Task: VTOL experimental Year: 1959 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 390kW Turbomeca Artouste IIC Width: 2.87m Length: 7.95m Height: 2.01m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 838kg Max.Weight: 1065kg Max. Speed: 104km/h Ceiling: 915m Max. Range: 40km VZ-9 Avrocar, Avro (I-USA-AV-X-*-*-J3) A true flying soucer. A circular craft with a large central fan, that sucked in air from the upper side and expelled it at the edges of the disk. Never did more than hover at low altitude, and was abandoned after seven months because of stability problems. Type: VZ-9V Task: VTOL experimental Year: 1959 Crew: 2 Engines: 3 * 450kg Continental J69 Max. Speed: 483km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 1600km Armament: VZ-10 Hummingbird, Lockheed (P-USA-AV-X-MN-N-J2) Renamed {V-4}. VZ-11, Ryan (P-USA-AV-X-LD-N-J2) Renamed X{V-5}. VZ-12, Hawker (M-GB-V-X-HS-N-J1) Renamed X{V-6}. --W--------------------------------------------------------------------------- W2F Hawkeye, Grumman (M-USA-AC-E-HN-N-TW2) Renamed {E-2}. W2V, Lockheed (P-USA-A-E-LN-N-TW4) Version of the {WV} with turboprop engines. Not built. WF Tracer, Grumman (P-USA-AC-E-HN-N-ARW2) Renamed {E-1}. WP-1, Wright (I-D&USA-A-F-PN-N-IL1) This fighter was evaluated by the US Navy in 1923. It was actually the German Dornier H Falke all-metal parasol-wing fighter. Type: WP-1 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 320hp Wright H-3 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 7.43m Height: 2.66m Wing Area: 20.0m2 Empty Weight: 825kg Max.Weight: 1213kg Speed: 261km/h Ceiling: Range: 349km Armament: WV, Lockheed (P-USA-A-E-LN-N-ARW4) AEW version of the {C-121} / {R7V} Constellation. The WV-1 was equivalent to the EC-121, with large bulge radomes above and below the fuselage. The one-off WV-2E had a large saucer radome, mounted on a fin on top of the fuselage. The WV-3 was a wheater recce version. --X--------------------------------------------------------------------------- X-1, Bell (P-USA-A-X-MN-N-K1) The three X-1's were high-speed research aircraft, carried to altitude by {B-29}s because the fuel supply for their rocket engines did not allow a normal take-off. On 14 October 1947 a X-1 piloted by C. Yeager was the first aircraft to exceed the speed of sound. Type: X-1A Task: experimental Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2720kg Reaction Motros E6000-C4 Max. Speed: 2655km/h Ceiling: 27400m Max. Range: Armament: none X-2, Bell (P-USA-A-X-LS-N-K1) High-speed research aircraft. The X-2 had swept wings, and was designed to investigate the problems of high-mach flight. Development was slow, and the X-2 flight program was too late to provide data for the first Mach 2 fighters. The speed record of Mach 3.2 ended with a fatal crash; another X-2 was lost in an explosion while still on the carrier aircraft. As a research project, the X-2 was considered a failure, despite its high performance. Two built. Type: X-2 Task: experimental Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 6804kg Curtiss-Wright XLR-25-CW-1 Wing Span: 9.85m Length: 12.50m Height: 3.59m Wing Area: 24.19m2 Empty Weight: 5542kg Max.Weight: 11200kg Max. Speed: M3.2 at 20000m Ceiling: 38405m Max. Range: X-3 Stiletto, Douglas (P-USA-A-X-LN-N-J2) The X-3 was intended for sustained Mach 2 research fights. A very slim fuselage was combined with a small, straight, thin wing; the long nose cone housed the research equipment. The J-46 engine was never available, and drag being higher than expected, the X-3 was incapable of exceeding Mach 1. The wing shape was used for the {X-15} and {F-104}. Type: X-3 Task: experimental Year: 1952 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1905kg Westinghouse J34-WE-17 Max. Speed: M0.98 Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: X-4 Bantam, Northrop (P-USA-A-X-LS-F-J2) Very small tailless, jet-engined research aircraft. Northrop was the obvious choice to build it. Flight tests were not entirely satisfactory, because the X-4 became unstable at high subsonic speeds. Two built, the first one made only ten flights before it was used as a source of spare parts for the second one. Type: X-4 Task: experimental Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * Westinghouse J30-WE-7/-9 Wing Span: 8.18m Length: 7.09m Height: 4.52m Wing Area: 18.6m2 Empty Weight: 2540kg Max.Weight: 3548kg Max. Speed: 1035km/h Ceiling: 13400m Max. Range: 515km X-5, Bell (P-USA-A-X-MS-P-J1) Variable geometry research aircraft, developed from the German Messerschmitt {P.1101}, with almost the same fuselage but a new wing sweep mechanism. Two built. Type: X-5 Task: experimental Year: 1951 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2680kg Allison J35-A-17 Wing Span: 10.21m/6.32m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 4479kg Max. Speed: 1046km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 1205km Armament: X-6, Convair (P-USA-A-X-HN-N-*) Cancelled. Would have been a nuclear-powered {B-36}. X-7, Lockheed (P-USA-A-X-?-?-?) Unmanned ramjet test bed series. 61 built. X-8, Aerojet General (P-USA-?-X-?-?-?) High-altitude research missile. X-9 Shrike, Bell (P-USA-?-X-?-?-?) Simplified version of the GAM-63 air-to-surface missile. X-10, North American (P-USA-*-X-?-?-J2) Series of test vehicles for the intercontinental Navaho cruise missile (See {B-64}.) They were unmanned, powered by two J40 engines, and had retractable landing gear for recovery. X-11, Convair (P-USA-?-X-?-?-?) Test vehicle for the Atlas missile. X-12, Convair (P-USA-?-X-?-?-?) Test vehicle for the Atlas missile. X-13 Vertijet, Ryan (P-USA-AV-X-HD-N-J1) VTOL-aircraft, two built. The X-13 was a tail-sitter with a large delta-wing. The X-13 is said to have had good control near the ground, quite unlike earlier tail-sitters as the X{FV}-1 and X{FY}-1. It did need a special ramp for take-off and landing, however. Type: X-13 Task: experimental Year: 1955 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4535kg R.R. Avon Max. Speed: Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: X-14, Bell (P-USA-AV-X-MN-N-J2) Odd-looking VTOL research aircraft. The X-14 had two jet engines in the extreme nose, an open cockpit and fixed landing gear. For VTOL the trust was deflected downwards by diverters after the engines. One built. Type: X-14 Task: experimental Year: 1957 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 795kg Armstron Siddeley Viper ASV8J Max. Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: Armament: X-15, North American (M-USA-A-X-MN-N-K1) On the limit of aircraft and spacecraft, the X-15 reached Mach 6.72 and an height of 107960m. The X-15 was designed to resist the heat and friction of atmospheric reentry. It was powered by rocket engines, and air-launched by a B-52. The X-15A-2 version could carry two large external fuel tanks. Three X-15s were built, one was lost. Type: X-15A Task: experimental Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 31750kg Reaction Motors XLR-99 Wing Span: 6.71m Length: 15.24m Height: 4.12m Wing Area: 18.58m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 15422kg Max. Speed: 6600km/h Ceiling: 95900m Max. Range: X-16, Bell (P-USA-A-R-HS-N-JU2) Design for a high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. The X-16 was the choice of the USAF, but it was later cancelled in favour of the CIA-sponsored {U-2}. The X-16 had enormous wings with slight sweep, and a podded engine under each wing. Type: X-16 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1955 Crew: Engines: 2 * 4500kg P&W Wing Span: 35m Length: 18m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: X-17, Lockheed (P-USA-?-X-?-?-?) Three-stage test vehicle. X-18, Hiller (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-WT2) The X-18 had a rectangular fuselage, borrowed from the Chase {C-122}, and a short-span wing. The two powerful turboprop engines with contra-rotating propellers were placed halfway under the wing; the entire wing was rotated during takeoff. The jet engine was in the tail; its exhaust was diverted upwards and downwards to control the aircraft at low speeds. The X-18 contributed a lot to the development of the {C-142}. Type: X-18 Task: experimental Year: 1959 Crew: 2/3 Engines: 2 * 4300kg Allison T40-A-14 1 * 1540kg Westinghouse J34-WE Wing Span: 14.63m Length: 19.20m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 14970kg Max. Speed: 400km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: X-19, Curtiss-Wright (P-USA-AV-X-*-N-T2) Experimental VTOL. It was a tandem-wing design, with the tailplane being larger than the front wing. The engines were installed in the aft fuselage decking. They drove four rotors at the tips of the wings, which could be rotated. Curtiss-Wright called it the X-200, and it was a derivative of the earlier X-100. One X-19A was built. The destruction of the X-19A halted the testing at an early stage. Type: X-19A Task: experimental Year: 1960 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2200hp Lycoming T55-L-5 Wing Span: 6.55m Length: 12.83m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 6170kg Max. Speed: 730km/h Ceiling: Max. Range: 525km Armament: X-20 Dyna-Soar, Boeing (P-USA-*-X-?-?-?) Design for a spaceplane. The X-20 was just the first step of the DynaSoar project, a technology demonstrator with a speed of 24000km/h and a half-orbital range. The project was defined in 1959, but never went beyond mock-up stage. X-20 was intended to be launched by Titan I rocket. Type: X-20 (mockup) Function: experimental Year: Crew: Engines: . Wing Span: 6.17m Length: 10.77m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: X-21, Northrop (P-USA-A-X-HS-N-J2) Conversions of two Douglas W{B-66}D wheater reconaissance aircraft to test a laminar-flow control system. They had, of course, a new wing, and the engines were moved to the tail to keep the wing clean. X-22, Bell (P-USA-AV-X-*-N-T4) VTOL aircraft. The four engines were placed at the wing roots. Large, rotating ducted fans were positioned at the front and in the leading edges of wing. Two built. Considered a succes, especially after the second one was fitted with a variable stability system. Type: X-22A Task: experimental Year: 1966 Crew: 2 Engines: 4 * 920kW G.E. YT58-GE-8D Max. Speed: 510km/h Ceiling: 4570m Max. Range: 710km Armament: X-23 Prime, Martin-Marietta (P-USA-*-X-?-?-*) One built. Unmanned proof-of-concept model of the {X-24}. The X-23 was launched by an Atlas missile. 'Prime' is an acronym for Precision Recovery Including Maneuvring Entry. Three were built. Type: X-23A Function: experimental Year: 1966 Crew: 0 Engines: (Atlas launch rocket) Span: 1.22m Length: 2.04m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 405kg Speed: 25745km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: X-24, Martin-Marietta (P-USA-A-X-*-*-K1) The X-24 was a lifting-body research vehicle. The X-24 was of bulbous shape with a flat bottom and twin fins; there were no wing surfaces, all lift being provided by the fuselage. The X-24B was a rebuilt version with a flatter bottom, ending in sharp horizontal edges. One built. Type: X-24A Task: experimental Year: 1967 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3620kg Thiokol XLR11-RM-13 Span: 4.16m Length: 7.47m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Max. Speed: M1.62 Ceiling: 21765m Max. Range: Armament: Type: X-24B Function: experimental Year: 1973 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 43kN Thiokol XLR11 Span: 5.8m Length: 11.43m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: M1.76 Ceiling: 22300m Range: Armament: X-25, Bensen (?-USA-RG-R2-N-0) Single-seat autogiro glider, a small open frame with a seat and a two-bladed rotor; unpowered. X-26 Frigate, Schweizer (?-USA-G-X-?N-N-0) Sailplane, used for high lift-to-drag ratio exercises and to demonstrate the characteristics of high aspect ratio wings. X-27, Lockheed (P-USA-A-F-HN-N-J1) Assigned to the CL-1200 Lancer, a fighter project from Lockheed. Not built. X-28 Sea Skimmer, Pereira (?-USA-AF-X-?-?-AI1) Single-seat flying boat, homebuilt by George Pereira. The USN tested the X-28 as a candidate for civil patrol duties in South East Asia. Type: X-28A Task: experimental Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 90hp Continental C-90-12 Max. Speed: 217km/h Ceiling: 5486m Max. Range: 595km Armament: X-29, Grumman (M-USA-A-X-*-N-J1) The two X-29s were built to test a forward-swept wing of composite structure. The X-29 incorporates the forward fuselage of the {F-5} and the landing gear of the {F-16}. It has close-coupled, all-moving canards. The X-29s made 374 flights, before they were put in storage. Type: X-29 Task: experimental Year: 1984 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 71.2kN G.E. F404-GE-400 Wing Span: 8.29m Length: 16.44m Height: 4.36m Wing Area: 17.54m2 Empty Weight: 6260kg Max.Weight: 8074kg Max. Speed: M1.46 Ceiling: 12200m Max. Range: X-30 The X-30 or NASP was a proposal for a Mach 25 space plane. It was cancelled in 1993, because it was too ambitious and too costly. X-31, Rockwell-MBB (M-USA-A-X-LD-N-J1) The X-31 is designed to develop techniques for enhanced maneuvrability. The German MBB contributed the wings and the jet exhaust deflectors; Rockwell built the fuselage and and tail surfaces. Components from the {F-16}, {F-18} and {F-20} were used to minimize cost. The X-31 has a large cranked delta wing, canard foreplanes, and vanes in the jet exhaust to direct the trust. It is capable of manuevres in which the nose points in a different direction than the line of flight. Two were built. Type: X-31A Task: experimental Year: 1990 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 71.17kN G.E. F404-GE-400 Wing Span: 7.26m Length: 14.85m Height: 4.44m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: X-32, Boeing (M-USA-A|AV-F-?-?-J1) Other prototype for the JSF program, with a different design concept than the {X-35}. The Boeing design uses an engine with two Harrier-style rotating nozzles and a vectoring main nozzle. Max. Speed: M1.3 Ceiling: 12200m Max. Range: X-33, Lockheed Martin Demonstrator for a single-stage reusable launching vehicle. X-33, Orbital sciences Demonstrator for a reusable launching vehicle. X-35, Lockheed Martin (M-USA-A|AV-F-?-?-J1) Single-seat, single-engined experimental aircraft, to be built in the JSF program. The X-35A will be a conventional version, and the X-35B the ASTOVL (Advanced Short-Take Off and Vertical Landing) demonstrator. The Lockheed Martin Concept uses a shaft-driven fan and a rotating jet nozzle to achieve ASTOVL performance. An alternative model is the {X-32}. X-36, McDonnell Douglas (M-USA-A-X-?-F-J1) Unmanned tailless aircraft, an aerodynamic demonstrator on 28% scale for a new generation of stealthy fighter aircraft. It was first flown in May 1997. Two were built. Type: X-36 Function: experimental Year: 1996 Crew: 0 Engines: 1 * 3.11kN Williams Research F112 Wing Span: 3.35m Length: 5.79m Height: 0.91m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 590kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: X-37, Boeing Proposal for a vehicle to evaluate "space shuttle" technologies. X-38, Rutan Prototype for a 6/7 seat emergency return vehicle for the space station. A lifting body craft. Three have been ordered. X-40, Boeing Test vehciles for the Space Maneuver Vehicle program. XS-1, Bell (P-USA-A-X-MN-N-K1) Renamed {X-1}. XS-1, Cox-Klemin (I-USA-A-R-B-N-?1) Observation aircraft to be carried by submarines, developed from the {TW-2}. --Y--------------------------------------------------------------------------- --Z--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------