------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version of 4 July 1997 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This list covers the aircraft of the Soviet and Russian forces -- that is, USSR aircraft, military aircraft built before 1917, and aircraft of the post-communist era. Not included are aircraft built in countries that have once been part of the Soviet empire, during their independence. Organization of the air forces was/is (?) rather complicated. There are five main parts: The Strategic Missile Force RVSN (Raketnje Voiska Strategitjesko Naznatsjenija), the National Air Defence Command PVOS (Protiwo Vozdushnaya Oborona Strany), the Naval Air Force AV-MF (Awiatsjia Voenno-Morsko Flota), and the Air Forces VVS (Voenno-Vozdoesjnje Sily). The latter are divided in Tactical forces FA (Frontowaja Aviatsjia), Strategic forces DA (Dalnaja Aviatsjia) and transport units WTA (Woenno-Transportnaja Awiatsjia). The KGB and MVD (ministry of internal affairs) had paramilitary forces, including aircraft. Added to the list can be Aeroflot, that employed many transport aircraft of military design and whose aircraft often took part in exercises or actual operations, and the paramilitary DOSAAF 'flying club'. I do not know how the organization has evolved (or fallen apart) since the breaking up of the USSR. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ --0--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-42, Mikoyan Stealth fighter under development in Russia. If built, it could enter service around 2000. Provisional drawings show a twin- engined aircraft with a cranked delta wing, canards, twin tail fins, jet intakes under the nose, and three-dimensional thrust vectoring nozzles. First flown in the summer of 1997. Type: 1-42 Function: fighter Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 180kN Saturn AL-41F Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1-44, Mikoyan Designation applied to the two prototypes of the {1-42}. The first was revealed to the public in January 1999. It has a simple delta wing, canards, widely spaced twin tailfins, a shallow but broad fuselage and a large, wide jet intake under the front fuselage. The 1-44 has a digitial FBW system and an advanced aerodynamic conifguration, but its stealth features seem quite limited. Shortage of cash and the economic crisis in Russia have seriously delayed development of the 1-44, which risks to become outdated before it flies. Type: 1-44 Function: fighter prototype Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 175kN Lyulka-Saturn AL-41F Wing Span: 16.3m Length: 21.7m Height: 6m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 35000kg Speed: 2500km/h Ceiling: Range: 4500km Armament: 1-EA, TsAGI First successful Soviet helicopter. The 1-EA had a single main rotor, and four anti-torque rotors, in pairs on nose and tail booms. One built. Type: 1-EA Function: experimental Year: 1930 Crew: Engines: 2 * 120hp M-2 Rotor Span: 11.0m Length: 12.8m Height: 3.38m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 982kg Max.Weight: 1145kg Speed: 30km/h Ceiling: 600m Range: 0.25hrs 1M, Myasichew Design preceding the {3M}. It was a derivative of the {SDB} design, with the engines still podded, but grouped close to the fuselage. 2-EA, TsAGI Experimental autogyro, developed from the Cierva C-19. After completion of the test program it was used for propaganda flights. One built. Type: 2-EA Function: experimental Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 225hp Gnome-Rhone Titan Rotor Span: 12.0m Length: 6.5m Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: 765kg Max.Weight: 1032kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: 4200m Range: 1hr 2I-N1, Polikarpov See {DI-1}. 2M, Myasichew "Bison" See {M-4}. 2MG, Bratukhin See {Omega}. 3-EA, TsAGI Experimental helicopter, similar to the {1-EA}. Made only tethered flights. 3M, Myasichew "Bison" See {M-4}. 5, Bisnovat Experimental rocket-engined aircraft. The Bisnovat 5 had a bullet-shaped fuselage of elliptical cross-section, and slender, swept wings. Like the American {X-1} and {X-2}, it was carried into the air by a mother aircraft, and landed on skis. Two were built, but no powered flights were ever made. Type: 5-2 Function: experimental Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * RD-2M3BF Wing Span: 6.60m Length: 11.20m Height: Wing Area: 19.87m2 Empty Weight: 1700kg Max.Weight: 1900kg Speed: (1200km/h) Ceiling: Range: 5-EA, TsAGI Experimental helicopter, developed from the {1-EA}. The 5-EA had an unsual six-blade main rotor, with three large lift blades and three smaller control blades. One built. Type: 5-EA Function: experimental Year: 1933 Crew: Engines: 2 * 120hp M-2 Rotor Span: 12.0m Length: 12.8m Height: 3.11m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 1047kg Max.Weight: 1210kg Speed: 20km/h Ceiling: Range: 0.14hrs 7-EA, TsAGI See {A-7}. 11-EA, TsAGI Experimental helicopter. Like the {5-EA}, this used a main rotor with separate control and lift blades. The anti-torque rotors were no longer on nose and tail booms, but were now fitted to the ends of a small wing, and the 11-EA was designed to operate also as an autogiro. Not a very successful design. Type: 11-EA Function: experimental Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 630hp Curtiss Conqueror Rotor Span: 15.4m Length: Height: 3.53m Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2600kg Speed: 60km/h Ceiling: Range: 14-MIR, Beriev Wing-in-ground effect aircraft. 1972. 23-01, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {Ye-23DPD}. 23-I1, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {Ye-23IG}. 105, Gorbunov See {Gorbunov 105}. 201M, Myasichew Renamed {3M}. 218, Alexeev The Alexeev 218 was a heavily armoured ground attack aircraft. It was a twin-boom pusher aircraft, with the pilot sitting in a well armoured cockpit in the extreme nose. A second crewmember operated remote-controlled guns in the tail booms. One built. Type: 218 Function: attack Year: 1948 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2000hp Dobrynin VD-251 Wing Span: 16.43m Length: 13.88m Height: Wing Area: 45m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 530km/h at 2000m Ceiling: 6600m Range: 1200km Armament: 6*g23mm 16*r 1500kg 4302, Florov See {Florov 4302}. 7211, Borovkov-Florov Prototype of the {I-207}. --A--------------------------------------------------------------------- A-4, TsAGI Autogiro, based on the {2-EA}. The A-4 was intended as observation aircraft and trainer. About 10 were delivered. Type: A-4 Function: observation Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220kW M-26 Rotor Span: 13.0m Length: 7.2m Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: 1065kg Max.Weight: 1365kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 4100m Range: 185km A-6, TsAGI Small autogyro. Remained experimental, but performance was much better than that of the {A-4}. Type: A-6 Function: experimental Year: 1933 Crew: Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Rotor Span: 11.0m Length: 6.3m Height: 3.2m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 562kg Max.Weight: 815kg Speed: 142km/h Ceiling: 2000m Range: 2.5hrs A-7, Antonov Transport glider, a well-streamlined aircraft of wooden construction. The A-7 could transport six soldiers. Approx 400 were built from 1940 onwards. Type: A-7 Function: assault glider Year: Crew: Wing Span: 19.0m Length: 11.5m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1100kg Tow Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: 6 seats A-7, TsAGI Observation autogiro, designed by Kamov. Seven were built, and used in 1941 for reconnaissance duties. They were among the most advanced autogyros of their time, and the first to carry any armament. Type: A-7 Function: observation Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 480hp M-22 Rotor Span: 15.2m Length: Height: Wing Area: 14.7m2 Wing Span: 10.4m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 1300kg Max.Weight: 2056kg Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg A-8, TsAGI Development of the {A-6} autogyro. The A-8 had improved aerodynamic controls. One built. A-10, Mil Helicopter, probably related to the {Mi-24}, used to set some records. A-12, TsAGI Single-seat autogyro, a small advanced design. It was abandoned after a fatal crash. One built. Type: A-12 Function: experimental Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 700hp M-25 Rotor Span: 14.0m Length: 6.3m Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: 1343kg Max.Weight: 1687kg Speed: 245km/h Ceiling: 5570m Range: 1.5hrs A-13, TsAGI Liaison autogyro, developed from the {A-6} and {A-8}. One built. Type: A-13 Function: liaison Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Rotor Span: 11.5m Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: 540kg Max.Weight: 802kg Speed: 151kg Ceiling: 3000m Range: 250km A-14, TsAGI Autogyro, developed from the {A-6} and {A-8}. One built. Type: A-14 Function: experimental Year: 1935 Crew: Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Rotor Span: 11.0m Length: 6.3m Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: 576kg Max.Weight: 815kg Speed: 167km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs A-15, TsAGI Fast, wingless autopgyro. Work was halted after the crash of the {A-12}. One built. Type: A-15 Function: experimental Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 750hp M-25V Rotor Span: 18.00m Length: 8.60m Height: 4.10m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 1695kg Max.Weight: 2560kg Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: A-20 Havoc, Douglas The US delivered 3125 of the twin-engined {A-20} Havoc light bomber to the USSR. A-40, Beriev See {Be-42}. A-40, Antonov See {KT}. A-50, Beriev 'Mainstay' Designation applied to the AEW version of the {Il-76}, developed by Beriev. A double pylon carries a rotating radar disc. The A-50 is a bit too small for the heavy radar equipment, and this results in a cramped accomodation and a small range. Otherwise it is a capable AEW aircraft. A-144, Mikoyan-Gurevich This was a {MiG-21} fitted with the wing of the {Tu-144} supersonic airliner. Also known as MiG-21I. AIR-9, Yakovlev Two-seat trainer. AIR-10, Yakovlev See {UT-2}. AIR-14, Yakovlev See {UT-1}. The initials AIR were those of a high-ranked member of the communist party, A. I. Rykov. When Rykov became a victim of one of Stalin's purges, Yakovlev quickly changed his designations... AIR-16, Yakovlev Single-engined, high-wing cabin monoplane. AIR-17, Yakovlev See {UT-3}. AIR-20, Yakovlev Development of the {UT-2} with 120hp Renault engine. AK, Bratukhin See {G-3}. Albemarle, Armstrong Whitworth The USSR accepted 14 examples of the Armstrong Whitworth {Albemarle}, a medium bomber that was used mostly as transport. An-2, Antonov 'Colt' A biplane transport, used since 1947 with great succes and in many countries, despite its apparent obsolescence. Over 18000 may have been built. The An-2 was used as STOL transport, for training, as firefighting aircraft, as agricultural aircraft, and in many other roles. The An-2 has also been built as floatplane; the normal wheeled landing gear can easily be interchanged with skis. There was a meteorological version with a cabin in front of the tailfin, and a An-2F experimental artillery spotter, with a extensively glazed aft fuselage and a slender tail boom with twin fins. For agricultural purposes a turboprop-engined version, the {An-3}, was created recently. Type: An-2P Function: transport Year: 1968 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 746kW Shvetsov Ash-62IR Wing Span: 18.18m Length: 14.24m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 71.6m2 Empty Weight: 3450kg Max.Weight: 5500kg Speed: 258km/h Ceiling: 4400m Range: 900km Load: 12 seats, 1240kg An-4, Antonov 'Colt' Version of the {An-2} on floats. Military designation is An-2V. An-6, Antonov 'Colt' Wheater reconaissance version of the {An-2}. The An-6 had a turbosupercharged engine to increase its operational ceiling. An-8, Antonov 'Camp' Tactical transport, a twin-engined high-wing design with a loading ramp under the tail. Antonov was among the first to introduce this classic configuration. Around 100 were built. Type: An-8 Function: transport Year: 1955 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * Aivchenko AI-20D Wing Span: 37.0m Length: 30.74m Height: 9.7m Wing Area: 117.2m2 Empty Weight: 21250kg Max.Weight: 38000kg Speed: 600km/h Ceiling: Range: 3500km Load: 48 seats Armament: 1*g23mm An-12, Antonov 'Cub' A four-engined transport, the nearest Soviet equivalent to the {C-130} but larger. The An-12 is a development of the civil An-10, which itself was a four-engined development of the {An-8}. Typical for the USSR practice is the position for the tail gunner! Around 900 were built. It is also used as ECM, ELINT and ASW aircraft. China is still building it as the {Y-8}. Type: An-12BP 'Cub-A' Function: transport Year: 1960 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 4000hp Ivchenko AI-20K Wing Span: 38.00m Length: 33.10m Height: 10.53m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 28000kg Max.Weight: 61000kg Speed: 777km/h Ceiling: 10200m Range: 3600km Armament: 2*g23mm Load: 20000kg An-14 Pchelka, Antonov 'Clod' Light transport, with a typical box-like fuselage and a tail boom carrying twin fins. Used in a variety of roles, including ambulance and crop spraying. Approx 300 built. Type: An-14 Function: transport Year: 1958 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 2 * 300hp Ivchenko AI-14RF Wing Span: 21.99m Length: 11.44m Height: 4.63m Wing Area: 39.72m2 Empty Weight: 2000kg Max.Weight: 3600kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 5000km Load: 7-9 seats An-22, Antonov 'Cock' Large transport aircraft. It was the largest aircraft in the world until the introduction of the {C-5}. The twin tailfins are an uncommon characteristic, but otherwise the An-22 has the classic configuration of military transports, with a high-set wing, a tail loading ramp, and multi-wheel landing gear. Only 66 were built. There have been reports that the warplans of the Warsaw pact included the delivery of multi-megaton nuclear weapons by An-22s. Type: An-22 Function: transport Year: 1974 Crew: 5-6 Engines: 4 * 15000hp Kuznetsov NK-12MA Wing Span: 64.4m Length: 57.9m Height: 12.53m Wing Area: 345m2 Empty Weight: 114000kg Max.Weight: 250000kg Speed: 679km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 10950km Load: 80000kg An-24, Antonov 'Coke' A high-wing turboprop transport, designed as a civil aircraft, but used by about 15 air forces too. About 1465 were built. China built a reverse-engineered version as the {Y-7}. Type: An-24V Function: transport Year: 1961 Crew: 3-5 Engines: 2 * 2880hp Ivchenko AI-24A Wing Span: 29.2m Length: 23.53m Height: 8.32m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 13300kg Max.Weight: 21000kg Speed: 430km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 650km Load: 5500kg, 38 seats An-26, Antonov 'Curl' Tactical transport, development of the {An-24}. The An-26 has a rear loading ramp and pressurised cabin. It has more powerful engines, and like the AN-24RV it has an auxiliary turbojet in the right engine nacelle, used for high-and-hot operations. The Chinese-built version is the {Y-7}H. Type: An-26 Function: transport Year: 1969 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 2074kW ZMKB-Progress AI-24T 1 * 7.85kN RU-19-300 Wing Span: 29.20m Length: 23.80m Height: 8.58m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 14750kg Max.Weight: 24000kg Speed: 440km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 2250km Load: 5500kg, 40 seats An-28, Antonov 'Cash' STOL transport, a development of the {An-14} and originally called the An-14M. It is still in production, Type: An-28 Function: transport Year: 1975 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 2 * 723kW Glushenko TVD-10B Wing Span: 22.06m Length: 13.1m Height: 4.9m Wing Area: 39.72m2 Empty Weight: 3900kg Max.Weight: 6500kg Speed: 350km/h Ceiling: Range: 1300km Load: 19 seats, 2000kg An-30, Antonov 'Clank' Cartography aircraft, a development of the {An-24}. The nose was completely redesigned, with large transparencies and a raised cockpit. In 1997 the An-30 entered a new role, when it flew an "Open Skies" mission over military bases in the USA. Type: An-30 Function: cartography Year: 1974 Crew: 7 Engines: 2 * 2103kW Ivchenko AI-24VT 1 * 7.85kN RU 19A-300 Speed: 540km/h Ceiling: 8300m Range: 2630km An-32, Antonov 'Cline' Development of the {An-26}, optimized for hot-and-high conditions. The engines are moved to overwing positions instead of underwing, to increase the propeller clearance. Type: An-32 Function: transport Year: 1977 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 3812kW Ivchenko AI-20-5 Wing Span: 29.2m Length: 23.78m Height: 9.75m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 16800kg Max.Weight: 27000kg Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: 9400m Range: 2000km Load: 6700kg, 39 seats An-38, Antonov Replacement of the An-28, stretched and fitted with AlliedSignal engines. Entered civilian service in 1997. An-40, Antonov Designation used for the {An-124} in early stages of design. An-50, Antonov Planned four-engined jet-engined derivative of the An-26. Not built. An-70, Antonov After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Antonov has become an Ukranian company. The An-70 is a replacement for the {An-12} 'Cub'. It has the high wing and tail loading ramp that are typical for tactical freight aircraft; a novelty is the use of contra- rotating propfans. Type: An-70 Country: Oekraine Function: transport Year: 1994 Crew: Engines: 4 * 10290kW Progress D-27 Wing Span: 44.06m Length: 40.25m Height: 16.1m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 130000kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: 7250km Load: 35000kg An-71, Antonov 'Madcap' This was an AEW version of the {An-72} with a radome on the forward swept tailfin. The An-71 was cancelled, because the {Yak-44} was preferred. Three built. An-72, Antonov 'Coaler' STOL transport, featuring engines placed on the wing leading edge, blowing the upper surfaces. A maritime patrol version is developed in cooperation with the Israeli IAI. There is also the {An-71} AEW version and the {An-74} for polar operations. Type: An-72A Coaler-C Function: transport Year: 1978 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 63.74kN ZMKB Progress D-36 Wing Span: 31.89m Length: 28.07m Height: 8.65m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 19050kg Max.Weight: 34500kg Speed: 705km/h Ceiling: 11800m Range: 4800km Load: 10000kg An-74, Antonov 'Coaler' / 'Madcap' Development of the {An-72}, optimized for polar operations. Ski landing gear is optional, and a different radar was installed. It also has increased fuel. An-124 Ruslan, Antonov 'Condor' Large jet transport. The An-124 has a bulbuous fuselage with a hinged nose and a rear loading ramp. The moderately swept wing is set high, with four podded jet engines underneath. The An-124 was the largest aircraft in the world until the {An-225} appeared. Besides the military, it has found commercial users, especially for the transport of outsized loads. Type: An-124 Function: transport Year: 1985 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 23430kg Lotarev D-18T Wing Span: 73.3m Length: 69.1m Height: 21.08m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 175000kg Max.Weight: 405000kg Speed: 865km/h Ceiling: Range: 16500km Load: 150000kg, cabin for 88 seats An-170, Antonov Enlarged version of the {An-70}, under development. An-225 Mriya, Antonov 'Cossack' The An-225 is a six-engined development of the {An-124}, designed to carry the Soviet 'Buran' space shuttle on its back. A new central wing section with two more engines was inserted, twin tail fins were fitted, the landing gear was reinforced and dorsal attachment points were added. In 1989 the An-225 set a record by flying a 2000km closed circuit at 813km/h, with a 156300kg load. The Buran program was abandoned, and the An-225 has been grounded. Type: An-225 Function: transport Year: 1988 Crew: 6 Engines: 6 * 229.5kN Lotarev D-18T Wing Span: 88.40m Length: 84.00m Height: 18.10m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 600000kg Speed: 850km/h Ceiling: Range: 15400km Load: 250000kg An-400, Antonov Designation used for the {An-124} in early stages of development. Anacler, Anatra This was a version of the {Anade} with a Clerget engine. Anade, Anatra Two-seat reconnaissance biplane. The Anade was inspired by the German Albatros aircraft. About 170 were built. Type: Anade Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Wing Span: 11.5m Length: 7.7m Height: Wing Area: 35m2 Empty Weight: 515kg Max.Weight: 865kg Speed: 132km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 3.5hrs Armament: 2*mg Anadis, Anatra See Anatra {D.I}. Anadwa, Anatra See Anatra {VKh}. Anamon, Anatra See Anatra {DM}. Anasal, Anatra See Anatra {DS}. ANT-3, Tupolev The {R-3} reconaissance biplane. ANT-4, Tupolev The {TB-1} bomber. ANT-5, Tupolev Name given to the first prototype of the {I-4}. ANT-6, Tupolev The {TB-3} bomber. ANT-7, Tupolev The {R-6} reconaissance fighter. Development of the {ANT-4}. ANT-8, Tupolev See {MDR-2}. ANT-9, Tupolev High-wing monoplane, a light transport which was built in three-engined and twin-engined versions. A few were used by the VVS. Type: ANT-9 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 3 * 224kW Wright Whirlwind Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: ANT-10, Tupolev See {R-7}. ANT-13, Tupolev See {I-8}. ANT-14, Tupolev Large monoplane, developed from the {ANT-9}, used for propaganda. Type: ANT-14 Function: propaganda Year: 1931 Crew: Engines: 5 * 480hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter Wing Span: 40.40m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: ANT-16, Tupolev See {TB-4}. ANT-20 Maksim Gorky, Tupolev The ANT-20 was a giant eight-engined propaganda monoplane, developed from the six-engined {TB-4}. Six engines were in the wing leading edge, and two more in tandem in a nacelle installed on top of the fuselage. The ANT-20 could have carried 72 passengers, but was equipped as a propaganda aircarft. It contained a bar and buffet, a film processing lab, and a movie theater, besides a laundry, a pharmacy and a printing press! Only one was built, and lost in a mid-air collision after less than a year. Type: ANT-20 Function: propaganda Year: 1934 Crew: 10 Engines: 8 * 850hp M-34RN Wing Span: 63.63m Length: 34.1m Height: 9m Wing Area: 486m2 Empty Weight: 28500kg Max.Weight: 42000kg Speed: 260km/h at S/L Ceiling: Range: Armament: ANT-20bis, Tupolev When the {ANT-20} was destroyed in May 1935, it was decided to build a successor. The ANT-20bis was a development of the ANT-20, but had only six engines, and had better aerodynamics. It was also used as a transport. Type: ANT-20bis Function: transport Year: 1938 Crew: 9 Engines: 6 * 1000hp M-34RNV Wing Span: 63m Length: 34.1m Height: 10.85m Wing Area: 480m2 Empty Weight: 32046kg Max.Weight: 44000kg Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: Load: 64 seats ANT-21, Tupolev See {MI-3}. ANT-22, Tupolev See {MK-1}. ANT-23, Tupolev See {I-12}. ANT-25, Tupolev This long-range aircraft became best known by a flight from Moscow to San Jacinto in California, over the pole: 10148km. The ANT-25 was also used to set a closed-circuit flight record with a flight of 56hrs and 20min. As might be expected, the ANT-25 was a clean monoplane with an extremely long wingspan. The wing had corrugated metal skinning, covered with fabric for smoothness. About 20 were completed as {DB-1} long-range bombers. Type: ANT-25-1 Function: experimental Year: 1933 Crew: 3-4 Engines: 1 * 700kW Mikulin M-34R Wing Span: 34.98m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 246km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 13000km ANT-26, Tupolev Design for a heavy bomber, with 12 engines (eight on the wing, four in nacelles above the wing) and a wing span of 95m. Only a small-scale glider, with a wing span of 'only' 20m, was flown. ANT-27, Tupolev See {MDR-4}. ANT-29, Tupolev Fighter monoplane, armed with a recoilless 103mm APK-8 cannon. The ANT-29 was a modern twin-engined design, with a large wing and a short fuselage. The cannon muzzle projected from the nose and to eliminate the recoil, a weight was ejected by a nozzle fitted below the tail. The gun was unpractical and the aircraft had bad handling. The designer of the gun, Kurchevski, was arrested and 'disappeared'. Type: ANT-29 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 760hp M-100 Wing Span: 19.19m Length: 11.65m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 3900kg Max. Weight: 5300kg Speed: 352km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g102mm 2*7.62mm 1*mg7.62mm ANT-31, Tupolev See {I-14}. ANT-36, Tupolev See {DB-1}. ANT-37, Tupolev See {DB-2}. ANT-38, Tupolev Prototype of the {ANT-40} or {SB} fast bomber. The ANT-38 had radial engines. ANT-39, Tupolev See {SB}. ANT-40, Tupolev See {SB}. ANT-41, Tupolev See {T-1}. ANT-42, Tupolev See {Pe-8}. ANT-44, Tupolev See {MTB-2}. ANT-46, Tupolev See {DI-8}. ANT-51, Tupolev See {Su-2} / {BB-1}. ANT-58, Tupolev First Prototype of the {Tu-2}. ANT-59, Tupolev Second prototype of the {Tu-2}. ANT-60, Tupolev Production model of the {Tu-2}. ANT-61, Tupolev See {Tu-2}. This was the Tu-2S. ANT-62, Tupolev Tu-2D long range version of the {Tu-2}. ANT-63, Tupolev See {Tu-1}. ANT-64, Tupolev Tu-2F reconaissance version of the {Tu-2}. ANT-65, Tupolev {Tu-DB} long-range bomber version of the {Tu-2}. ANT-68, Tupolev {Tu-10} long-range bomber, development of the {Tu-2}. ANT-69, Tupolev {Tu-8} long-range bomber, development of the {Tu-2}. Ar-2, Archangelsky The Ar-2 was a development of the {SB} and the {MMN}. About 200 were built. Type: Ar-2 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1100hp Klimov M-105R Wing Span: 18.0m Length: 12.5m Height: Wing Area: 48.2m2 Empty Weight: 5106kg Max.Weight: Speed: 475km/h at 4700m Ceiling: 10000m Range: Armament: 1500kg ARK-3, Chetverikov Flying boat, a relatively small aircraft with two engines in a tandem installation over the wing. It was designed for operations in the Arctic regions. Seven were built, but the type was abandoned after two were lost because of structural failures. Type: ARK-3-2 Function: utility Year: 1936 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 730hp M-25A Wing Span: 20.00m Length: 14.60m Height: Wing Area: 59.5m2 Empty Weight: 3642kg Max.Weight: Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: Range: 7hrs Armament: 2*mg ARK-4, Chetverikov Designation reported for the production version of the {ARK-3}. Unclear if this was really used. Type: ARK-4 Function: utility and reconaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 750hp M-25V Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 1500km Armament: 2*mg b1000kg ARK-5, Polikarpov Version of the {R-5} used as transport in the arctic region. --B--------------------------------------------------------------------- B-5, Bisnovat See {5}. B-5, Bratukhin Twin-engined helicopter, developed from the {G-4}, but larger. The outriggers that carried the engines and rotors were replaced by wings. One built. Type: B-5 Function: Year: 1947 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 550hp AI-26GRF Span: Length: Height: Disc Area: 157m2 Empty Weight: 2932kg Max.Weight: 4032kg Speed: 236km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 595km Load: 6 seats B-9, Bratukhin Ambulance derivative of the {B-5}. Never flown. B-10, Bratukhin Twin-engined, twin-rotor helicopter derived from the {B-9}. The fuselage and tail were new. Only one was completed. Type: B-10 Function: experimental Year: 1947 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 575hp AI-26GRF Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 157m2 Empty Weight: 3019kg Max.Weight: 3900kg Speed: 218km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 440km Load: 3 seats, 200kg B-11, Bratukhin Twin-rotor helicopter, a three-seat liaison type. It was basically a derivative of the {B-5}. Two built. Type: B-11 Function: liaison Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 575hp AI-26GRF Rotor Span: Length: Height: Disc Area: 157m2 Empty Weight: 3398kg Max.Weight: 4150kg Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: Range: 328km B-12, Bratukhin Design for a single-rotor helicopter. Not built. B-25 Mitchell, North American 'Bank' The USSR received 862 of the North American {B-25} medium bomber, under lend-lease. After WWII they remained in service for some time, so thay were given a NATO codename. BB-1, Sukhoi Renamed {Su-2}. BB-2, Sukhoi See {ShB}. BB-3, Sukhoi This was a derivative of the {BB-1} ({Su-2}) powered by a 1400hp Mikulin AM-37 in-line engine. It was not built. BB-22, Yakovlev Renamed {Yak-4}. BB-MAI, Grushin Small attack aircraft, a conventional but well-streamlined aircraft. The prototype was destroyed during the eastward evacuation of 1941. Type: BB-MAI Function: attack Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1050hp Klimov M-105 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 9.60m Height: Wing Area: 16.8m2 Empty Weight: 2965kg Max.Weight: Speed: 550km/h at 5000m Ceiling: 9000m Range: 500km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm BDD, Bolchovitinov Design for a heavy four-engined bomber. Not built. 1936. BDP, Polikarpov Design for an assault glider. BDP-2, Polikarpov Assault glider, a wooden high-wing design with accomodation for 20 soldiers and a pilot. The wheels for take-off were jettisonable; the BDP-2 landed on skis. Be-1, Beriev Wing-in-ground effect aircraft, a single-engined two-seater. 1963. Be-2, Beriev See {KOR-1}. Be-4, Beriev See {KOR-2}. Be-6, Beriev 'Madge' Twin-engined patrol flying boat. Its configuration resembles that of the U.S. {PBM} Mariner: It is a gull-winged aircraft with twin, oval tailfins on top of a deep fuselage. It stayed in service until the late 1960s. Type: Be-6 Function: reconnaissance / ASW Year: 1949 Crew: 7 Engines: 2 * 1715kW Shvetsov ASh-73TK Wing Span: 33.0m Length: 23.57m Height: 7.64m Wing Area: 120m2 Empty Weight: 18827kg Max.Weight: 29000kg Speed: 415km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 4800km Armament: 5*g23mm 4000kg Load: 40 seats Be-8, Beriev 'Mode' or 'Mole' Unsuccessful utility amphibian. The Be-8 was a small parasol-wing aircraft of all-metal construction. Few were built. Type: Be-8 Function: utility Year: 1951 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 700hp Shvetsov Ash-21 Wing Span: 19.0m Length: 13.0m Height: Wing Area: 40m2 Empty Weight: 2815kg Max.Weight: Speed: 268km/h Ceiling: 5550m Range: 1100km Load: 6 seats Be-10, Beriev 'Mallow' Jet-engined flying boat, the only one its class to enter operation service. Yet few Be-10s were built, and the {Be-12} was preferred because of its endurance and better rough sea capability. The Be-10 had highly swept wings, with strong anhedral and floats attached to the tips. The engines were placed in the enlarged wing roots. Type: Be-10 Function: ASW Year: 1956 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 2 * 6500kg Lyulka AL-7PB Wing Span: 28.6m Length: 30.72m Height: Wing Area: 130m2 Empty Weight: 26500kg Max.Weight: 48000kg Speed: 912km/h at S/L Ceiling: 12200m Range: 3200km Armament: 4*g23mm Be-12 Chaika, Beriev 'Mail' A turboprop-engined amphibian. The Be-12 is one of the last amphibians in military service. The Be-12 traces its origins back to the {Be-6}, but inherited little more than the concept of its gull wing and twin oval tailfins. Initially its role was ASW patrol, but when newer missiles enabled the USN submarines to stay further away from the coast, the Be-12 was converted to the Search & Rescue role (Be-12PS). Small numbers are still in service. The Be-12 is also operated by Vietnam, and for some years a number operated in Egyptian colors, but under Soviet control. Type: Be-12 Function: ASW Year: 1961 Crew: 5-6 Engines: 2 * 4190hp Ivchenko AI-20D Wing Span: 29.71m Length: 30.17m Height: 7.00m Wing Area: 105.00m2 Empty Weight: 21700kg Max. Weight: 31000kg Speed: 608km/h Ceiling: 11280m Range: 7500km Armament: 3000kg Be-40, Beriev Proposed maritime patrol version of the {Be-42}. Be-42 Albatross, Beriev Large jet-engined amphibian. The Be-42 is rather an unique aircraft, with high-aspect ratio, slightly swept wings, a slender fuselage, and booster engines faired in beneath the main engines. It seems to have no production future, but Beriev is trying to sell smaller, civil developments. Type: Be-42 Function: SAR Year: 1989 Crew: 8 Engines: 2 * 15000kg Soloviev D-30KVP 2 * 6065lb RD-60 Wing Span: 41.62m Length: 43.84m Height: Wing Area: 200m2 Empty Weight: 43900kg Max.Weight: 86000kg Speed: 760km/h Ceiling: Range: 5500km Armament: Be-103, Beriev Multi-purpose amhibian. The Be-103 has an unusual low-wing configuration. It is powered by two engines, installed on pylons on the aft fuselage. Prototype rolled out in 1996. Be-200, Beriev Amphibian, developed from the {A-40} / {Be-42} 'Mermaid'. The Be-200 is smaller. Under development with 107 ordered. Type: Be-200 Function: transport Year: (1997) Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 73.6kN ZMKB Progress D-436T Wing Span: 32.7m Length: 32.05m Height: 8.9m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 720km/h at 7000m Ceiling: 11000m Range: Load: 68 setas, 8000kg Be-976, Beriev See A-50. BI, Bereznyak-Isaev (Bolkhovitinov) Rocket-engined fighter, a small straight-wing aircraft. Eight built. The BI was the world's first rocket-engined fighter, but production was cancelled after a crash revealed serious handling problems. One was fitted with ramjet engines in an attempt to extend the range. Type: BI Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100kg Dushkin-Isaev D1A-1100 Wing Span: 6.48m Length: 6.40m Height: 2.06m Wing Area: 7.00m2 Empty Weight: 790kg Max.Weight: 1683kg Speed: 990km/h Ceiling: Range: max. 15 minutes power endurance. Armament: 2*g20mm BICh-11, Cheranovski Small tailless aircraft, built of wood. The BICh-11 was designed to be powered by two rocket engines, but it flew only as a glider and powered by a piston engine. Type: BICh-11 Function: experimental Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 35hp ABC Scorpion Wing Span: 12.10m Length: 3.25m Height: Wing Area: 20.0m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: BICh-17, Cheranovski Single-engined, tailless fighter. Never completed. BICh-26, Cheranovski Design for a tailless jet fighter. Never built. BOK-1 Conversion of the {RD-DB} production version of the {ANT-25} as high-altitude research aircraft. It was one of the first aircraft with a pressurised cockpit, a large metal cylinder with a number of small portholes. One built. Type: BOK-1 Function: experimental Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 725hp M-34RN Wing Span: 30.00m Length: 12.86m Height: Wing Area: 78.8m2 Empty Weight: 3482kg Max.Weight: 4162kg Speed: 242km/h at 4000m Ceiling: 14100m Range: 4hrs BOK-2 Single-seat aerodynamic research aircraft, powered by a M-11 engine. 1935. BOK-3 Four-seat liaison aircraft. One built. Type: BOK-3 Function: liaison Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * M-48 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.10m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: BOK-5 The BOK-5 was an experimental tailless aircraft with full-span tandem control surfaces along the trailing edge. It had a short, stubby fuselage with a radial engine and a conventional fin. Type: BOK-5 Function: experimental Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Wing Span: 9.86m Length: 4.37m Height: Wing Area: 23.15m2 Empty Weight: 596kg Max.Weight: 764kg Speed: 174km/h at S/L Ceiling: 4850m Range: 600km BOK-6 Design for a tailless heavy bomber. Never built. BOK-7 Conversion of the {RD-DB} production version of the {ANT-25} as high-altitude research aircraft. It had a more advanced pressurised cabin than the {BOK-1}. Type: BOK-7 Function: experimental Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 890hp M-34FRN Wing Span: 34.00m Length: 12.90m Height: Wing Area: 87.0m2 Empty Weight: 3900kg Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: BOK-8 Armed development of the {BOK-7}, intended as high-altitude bomber. 1939. One built. BOK-11 Development of the {BOK-8}. The BOK-11 had a ACh-40 diesel engine with both mechanical supercharger and turbocharger, and a pressure cabin with two metal cupola's with small portholes. Endurance was 72 hours. A production reconnaissance development was abandoned. BOK-15 High-altitude reconaissance aircraft, designed for a range of 20000km. It was powered by an ACh-40 diesel. Two built. 1940. BSh-2, Ilyushin Precursor of the {Il-2}. The engine was the Mikulin AM-35, and the BSh-2 was a two-seater. From this was developed the single- seat Il-2, which was later turned again in the two-seat Il-2M. --C--------------------------------------------------------------------- C.I, Fokker Biplane reconaissance aircraft, very obviously a development of the {Fokker D.VII} fighter. The {C.I} was too late to enter service with the German air force. After the end of WWI, Anthony Fokker managed to transfer a number of aircraft and spare parts to the Netherlands. 250 were built, including 42 for the Soviet air force and 62 for the Dutch air force. Type: C.I Country: Netherlands Function: reconaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 138kW BMW IIIa Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 7.23m Height: 2.87m Wing Area: 26.25m2 Empty Weight: 855kg Max.Weight: 1255kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 620km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 4*b12.5kg Che-2, Chetverikov 'Mug' Twin-engined flying boat, first flown in 1937 and used until the 1950s. The Che-2 (named MDR-6 until 1941) had a high-set, slightly gulled wing, with stabilising floats on the wingtips, that were retractable on some models. Later models had Klimov M-105 and even M-107 engines. The MDR-6 was the most successful design of Chetverikov. Type: Che-2 (MDR-6A) Function: reconnaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 821kW Klimov M-63 Wing Span: 19.40m Length: 15.73m Height: 4.30m Wing Area: 52.30m2 Empty Weight: 4100kg Max.Weight: 7200kg Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 2650km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm b1000kg --D--------------------------------------------------------------------- D, Anatra This designation is found for both the {Anade} two-seat biplane, and the Anatra {DE} four-seat biplane bomber. DB, Sukhoi The Sukhoi DB was a design for a single-engined long-range bomber, developed in 1942. The engine would have been an AM-37 or a turbosupercharged M-82. A version with two M-82 engines was also proposed. None was built. DB-1, Tupolev Long-range bomber developed from the {ANT-25}. About 20 were built, but the type did not enter service. DB-2, Tupolev Twin-engined bomber. The DB-2 was an development of the single-engined {ANT-25} long-range aircraft. This origin gave it had an extremely long wingspan. After two bomber prototypes, two long-distance record-setting aircraft followed. Production of the bomber was cancelled in favour of the more conventional {DB-3}. Type: DB-2 Function: bomber Year: 1935 Crew: Engines: 2 * 597kW M-85 Wing Span: 33.2m Length: 49.2m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 5800kg Max.Weight: 11200kg Speed: 342km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1000kg DB-2A, Bolchovitinov See {DB-A}. This designation was used for the production version. DB-3, Ilyushin Twin-engined bomber, a low-wing monoplane that first flew in 1935. The DB-3 had a good performance, but it could not carry bombs larger than 100kg internally, and it had poor handling characteristics. The DB-3F, a redesigned version with M-88 engines, a new nose and a thinner wing, was later renamed {Il-4}. The DB-3 was used for some attacks on Berlin during WWII, and on a larger scale as maritime patrol aircraft and torpedo-bomber. 1528 were built. Type: DB-3B Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 950hp M-87A Wing Span: 21.44m Length: 14.22m Height: 4.19m Wing Area: 65.50m2 Empty Weight: 5270kg Max.Weight: 9500kg Speed: 439km/h Ceiling: 9300m Range: 3800km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm 2500kg DB-4, Ilyushin Twin-engined long-range bomber, intended to replace the {DB-3}. The wing was set higher on a better streamlined fuselage, and more powerful engines were used. The DB-4 was abandoned because of vibrational problems in the tail structure, and because the Ilyushin team was already overworked. Type: DB-4 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1400hp Mikulin AM-37 Wing Span: 25.00m Length: 17.85m Height: Wing Area: 83m2 Empty Weight: 7561kg Max.Weight: 13000kg Speed: 500km/h at 6000m Ceiling: 10000m Range: 4000km Armament: 3000kg 3*mg7.62mm DB-240, Yermolayev See {Yer-2}. DB-A, Bolchovitinov Four-engined monoplane bomber. The DB-A was an impressive aircraft, with a slender fuselage but a large, thick wing. The wheels retracted into deep 'trouser' fairings, which also contained the radiators. The DB-A was overtaken by the development of the {Pe-8}, and only a dozen production aircraft were completed. Type: DB-A Function: bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 820hp M-34RN Wing Span: 39.5m Length: 24.4m Height: Wing Area: 230.0m2 Empty Weight: 15400kg Max.Weight: 21900kg Speed: 330km/h at 4000m Ceiling: 7220m Range: 4500km Armament: 1*g20mm 3*mg7.62mm DB-LK, Belyayev The DB-LK was a flying-wing long-range bomber design. It had a very deep wing center section, which connected the two fuselage nacelles. Each nacelle had with a radial engine in the front, a cockpit and a glazed rear end for a gunner. The T-type tail unit was fitted to the center of the trailing edge. The outer wing panels tapered sharply and had slight forward sweep. The more conservative {Il-4} was preferred. Type: DB-LK Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 950hp Tumanski M-87B Wing Span: 21.60m Length: 9.78m Height: 3.65m Wing Area: 56.87m2 Empty Weight: 6004kg Max.Weight: 10672kg Speed: 488km/h at 5100m Ceiling: 8500m Range: 2900km Armament: 6*mg7.62mm 1000kg DB-PT, Ilyushin Torpedo bomber version of the {DB-3}. DBSh, Ilyushin See {BSh-2}. DDBSh, Sukhoi See {Su-8}. DE, Anatra Long range bomber, with the 140hp engine in the nose and two 80hp pusher engines in nacelles between the wings. It was entended that only the 140hp engine would be used for the return flight. The DE was overweight. One built, and flown only once. Type: DE Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: 4 Engines: 1 * 140hp Salmson 2 * 80hp Gnome Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 400kg Dekan, Anatra See {Anade}. DF-1, Fedorov Reconnaissance biplane, one of the first built in the USSR. Only two were completed. Type: DF-1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1922 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 280hp Maybach Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 10.00m Height: Wing Area: 47.5m2 Empty Weight: 1000kg Max.Weight: Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: DFS 346 German experimental aircraft with two 4400kg Walter 509B-1 rocket engines, swept wings and a prone pilot position. It had an estimated top speed of Mach 2.6 at 30500m. The incomplete prototype was captured by the USSR in 1945 and flown in 1947, with one of the original interned {B-29}s as launch aircraft, and a German pilot. On 14 September 1951 the DFS 346 exceeded Mach 1, but then it broke up in the air. DG-52, Grigorovich See {IP-1}. DG-53, Grigorovich See {IP-4}. DG-54, Grigorovich See {IP-2}. DG-56, Grigorovich See {LK-3}. DG-58, Grigorovich See {PB-1}. D.I, Anatra Single-seat fighter develoment of the {Anade} and {Anasal}. The rear cockpit was faired over, fixed guns were installed and the engine changed. One built. Type: D.I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150hp Hispano-Suiza Wing Span: 11.40m Length: 7.75m Height: Wing Area: 37.00m2 Empty Weight: 655kg Max.Weight: 1165kg Speed: 153km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: DI-1, Polikarpov Two-seat biplane fighter, a clean wooden aircraft with a monocoque fuselage. The DI-1 had exceptional performance, better than that of many single-seat fighters of time. But the design was abandoned after the loss of the prototype. One built. Type: DI-1 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Napier Lion Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 9.75m Height: Wing Area: 27.15m2 Empty Weight: 1153kg Max.Weight: 1700kg Speed: 268km/h Ceiling: Range: 3hrs Armament: 2*mg7.62mm DI-2, Polikarpov Slightly enlarged, two-seat derivative of the {I-3}. One built. Type: DI-2 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 750hp BMW VI 7,3 Wing Span: 11.80m Length: 8.20m Height: Wing Area: 31.80m2 Empty Weight: 1557kg Max.Weight: 2122kg Speed: 256km/h Ceiling: Range: 510km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm DI-3, Grigorovich Two-seat escort fighter, a mixed-construction biplane with twin tailfins. The DI-3 was fast, but handling characteristics were not satisfactory. No production. Type: DI-3 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 730hp BMW VI 7,3 Wing Span: 11.60m Length: 8.00m Height: Wing Area: 30.70m2 Empty Weight: 1262kg Max.Weight: Speed: 284km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.62mm DI-4, Laville Two-seat fighter. The DI-4 was a high-wing monoplane, with a gull wing and twin tail fins. It had much better performance than the DI-3 biplane, but the monoplane design was viewed with some suspicion. No production. Type: DI-4 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss Conqueror Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.80m Height: Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: 1030kg Max.Weight: 1600kg Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 8200m Range: Armament: 3-4*mg7.62mm DI-6, Kocherigin Two-seat fighter biplane. The DI-6 was of mixed construction and had retractable landing gear. The engine was a copy of the Wright R-1820 Cyclone. Around 200 were built, and were used in combat in the 1939 Manchurian conflict with the Japanese. It ended its career as close-support attack aircraft. Type: DI-6 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 720hp M-25 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 7.00m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 25.15m2 Empty Weight: 1407kg Max.Weight: 1987kg Speed: 372km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 550km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm b40kg DI-8, Tupolev The DI-8 or ANT-46 was a two-seat fighter version of the ANT-40 or {SB}, a twin-engined bomber. It was armed with two recoilless cannon in the outer wing panels. Interest in the gun quickly terminated, and the DI-8 was abandoned. Type: DI-8 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 800hp Gnome-Rhone 14Krsd Wing Span: 20.30m Length: 12.24m Height: Wing Area: 55.70m2 Empty Weight: 3487kg Max.Weight: 5553kg Speed: 388km/h Ceiling: 8570m Range: 1780km Armament: 2*g45mm 4*mg7.62mm DIP, Tupolev See {ANT-29}. DIS, Mikoyan-Gurevich The DIS was a sleek twin-engined long-range escort fighter. It had a typical long-chord wing with sweptback leading edge, and an abbreviated nose. It was ordered in production as the MiG-5, but shortly thereafter it was decided that the USSR could not afford such aircraft. Two were built, one with Mikulan-AM37 and one with Shvetsov M-82 engines. Type: DIS Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700hp Shvetsov M-82F Speed: 604km/h Ceiling: 9800m Range: 2500km Armament: 2*g23mm 4*mg7.62mm DIP, Tupolev See {ANT-29}. DM, Anatra This was a single-seat fighter monoplane with a wooden monococque engine. One built. Type: DM Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Speed: 158km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg DS, Anatra Improved {Anade}, with a more powerful engine and slightly smaller. About 70 built. Type: DS Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Salmson Wing Span: 11.4m Length: 8.1m Height: Wing Area: 37m2 Empty Weight: 814kg Max.Weight: 1164kg Speed: 144km/h Ceiling: 4300m Range: 3.5hrs Armament: 2*mg Dux 1 First armed aircraft built in Russia, in 1913. A pusher biplane with a machine gun in the nose, intended for ground attack. DVB-102, Myasichew KB-102 was the number of Myasichew's detainee design bureau. He had been arrested in 1938. The DVB-102 was a long-range, high-altitude bomber. Only two prototypes were built, because it was decided to copy the {B-29} as the {Tu-4}. Type: DVB-102 Function: bomber Year: 1942 Crew: Engines: * 2200hp Shvetsoc ASh-71F Speed: 565km/h Ceiling: Range: 2230km Armament: 3000kg --E--------------------------------------------------------------------- E-33, Mikoyan-Gurevich Version of the {MiG-21} used to set some records. E-66, Mikoyan-Gurevich Version of the {MiG-21} used to set some records, with an additional 3000kg GRDU2 rocket engine. E-76, Mikoyan-Gurevich Record-setting version of the {MiG-21}. E-166, Mikoyan-Gurevich Cover designation applied to the {Ye-152}M for a record attempt, with a speed of Mach 2.51. E-266, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {Ye-266}. EI, Kozyov Fighter project, 1941. Not flown. EOI, Belyayev Design for a single-seat fighter of twin-boom layout, powered by a Klimov VK-105 pusher engine. The prototype was lost while under construction, in 1941. Wing span 11.40m, wing area 19m2. --F--------------------------------------------------------------------- Florov 4302 Rocket-powered research aircraft. The had a fat fuselage and a thick wing; it was obviously not intended for high-speed trails. It was flown only a few times, being overtaken by the development of the {I-207}. Three built. Type: 4302 No.3 Function: experimental Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1450kg RD-2M-3 Wing Span: 6.93m Length: 7.15m Height: Wing Area: 8.85m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1750kg Speed: 826km/h Ceiling: Range: --G--------------------------------------------------------------------- G-1, Tupolev Transport version of the {TB-1}. G-2, Bratukhin See {Omega II}. G-2, Tupolev Transport version of the {TB-3}. G-3, Bratukhin Operational development of the {G-2}, intended as artillery observation helicopter. Like other Bratukhin designs, it had two outriggers, that each carried an engine and a rotor. Two built. Type: G-3 Function: observation Year: 1945 Crew: Engines: 2 * 450hp P&W R-985-AN-1 Span: Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: 2195kg Max.Weight: Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 2500m Range: G-4, Bratukhin Twin-engined helicopter, designed for the AI-26 engine which was optimized for such installations. Layout was similar to that of the {G-3}. Maybe half a dozen were completed. Type: G-4 Function: experimental Year: 1947 Crew: Engines: 2 * 500hp AI-26GR Span: 15.3m Length: Height: Disc Area: 93m2 Empty Weight: 2365kg Max.Weight: 3002kg Speed: 148km/h Ceiling: Range: 230km G-11, Gribovskii See {G-29}. G-11M, see {G-30}. G-27, Gribovskii Twin-engined multi-role aircraft. Like the German {Fw 58} Weihe, it was intended as utility aircraft and crew trainer. It was a wooden aircraft with a monococque fuselage. It did not enter production. Type: G-27 Function: trainer / utility Year: 1938 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 100hp M-11 Wing Span: 10.60m Length: 6.99m Height: Wing Area: 17m2 Empty Weight: 900kg Max.Weight: 1300kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: Armament: 1*mg, b G-29, Gribovskii Assault glider, a simple wooden design. The G-29 was a shoulder- wing aircraft. The wheels were dumped after take-off, and the G-29 landed on a skid. About 100 were built. Type: G-29 Function: assault glider Year: 1941 Crew: Wing Span: 18.00m Length: 9.80m Height: Wing Area: 30.0m2 Empty Weight: 1200kg Max.Weight: 2400kg Speed: 146km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: 11 seats, 1100kg G-30, Gribovskii The G-30 was a powered version of the {G-29}. Engine power was sufficient for take-off only when the aircraft was empty. Prototype only. Type: G-29 Function: assault glider Year: 1941 Crew: Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Wing Span: 18.00m Length: 9.80m Height: Wing Area: 30.0m2 Empty Weight: 1500kg Max.Weight: 2400kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 11 seats, 1100kg G-31, Gribovskii Two-seat training glider. One built. G-31, Grokhovskii Powered derivative of the {G-63}, for high-altitude research. G-38, Grokhovskii See {LK-2}. G-63, Grokhovskii The G-63 glider was designed to carry 16 troops. The unusual solution used a sleek fuselage, which housed only the flying crew, while the passengers lay prone inside the thick wing. A small series was built. Type: G-63 Function: glider Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Wing Span: 28.00m Length: 13.60m Height: Wing Area: 70.0m2 Empty Weight: 1400kg Max.Weight: 3200kg Load: 16 passengers GASN, Grigorovich Twin-float seaplane. It did not enter production, because of the outbreak of the 1917 revolution. Type: GASN Function: transport Year: 1917 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 220hp Renault Wing Span: 28.0m Length: 14.1m Height: Wing Area: 150m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 110km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: 1450kg GM-1, Mil Prototype of the {Mi-1}. GN-4, Grokhovskii Design for a glider, intended to carry the groundcrews of fighter regiments. Pilot and four passengers. GN-8, Grokhovskii Low-wing glider, for a pilot and four passengers. Gorbunov 105 Also referred to as the 'LaGG-3 Light'. It was a development of the {LaGG-3} with a redesigned wing and a cut-down aft fuselage. The empty weight was reduced by 300kg. The development of the superior {La-5} halted its development. Type: 105 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1260hp Klimov M-105PF-1 Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 8.81m Height: 4.40m Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: 2400kg Max.Weight: Speed: 623km/h at 4000m Ceiling: Range: 1100km Armament: 1*g20mm 1*g12.7mm Gr-1, Grushin Twin-engined escort fighter, an all-metal aircraft very similar to the Messerschmitt {Bf 110}. It was destroyed by German air attack before it could be flown. Type: Gr-1 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1380hp Mikulin AM-37 Wing Span: 15.80m Length: Height: Wing Area: 42.0m2 Empty Weight: 4900kg Max.Weight: 7650kg Speed: 645km/h at 7200m Ceiling: 11700m Range: 1890km Armament: 2*g20mm 4*mg7.62mm 500kg GSh, Gorbunov Designation reported for an otherwise unknown two-seat attack aircraft, in the category of the {Il-2}. GST, Amtorg The Consolidated {PBY} Catalina was license-built in the USSR as the GST. A small number was built for the Navy. Type: GST Function: patrol Year: 1939 Crew: Engines: 2 * M-87 Wing Span: 31.72m Length: 20.86m Height: Wing Area: 130.14m2 Empty Weight: 5580kg Max.Weight: 11800kg Speed: 329km/h at 3000m Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg12.7mm Gu-1, Gudkov Single-seat fighter of concept similar to the Bell {P-39}, i.e. with the engine behind the pilot. The engine was delayed and the aircraft was overweight. It crashed on its first flight, and the type was abandoned. Type: Gu-1 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Mikulan AM-37 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 10.68m Height: Wing Area: 20.0m2 Empty Weight: 3742kg Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g37mm Gu-37, Gudkov See {Gu-1}. Gu-82, Gudkov This was the attempt of Gudkov, one of the designers of the {LaGG-3}, to reengine the LaGG-3 with the Shvetsov ASh-82 engine. It was abandoned even before its first flight, because the Lavochkin {La-5} was already in production. One built. Type: Gu-82 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1450hp Shvetsov M-82 Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 8.71m Height: Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: 1.8HRS Armament: 2*g20mm --H--------------------------------------------------------------------- Hurricane, Hawker The British sent 2952 Hawker {Hurricane}s to the USSR. Many of them were already in a battered condition. In Soviet service, the wing armament was often modified by the installation of Soviet 20mm cannon. --I--------------------------------------------------------------------- I, Bolchovitinov A smaller derivative of the {S}, with the same tandem-engine installation, intended for use as fighter. Not built. I-1, Grigorovich Single-seat biplane fighter. The I-1 was of wooden construction, with a neatly cowled American engine. Handling and climb were unsatisfactory, and the aircraft was redesigned, becoming the {I-2}. Type: I-1 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 7.32m Height: Wing Area: 26.80m2 Empty Weight: 1090kg Max.Weight: Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm I-1, Polikarpov Wooden low-wing monoplane fighter, powered by a Soviet version of the Liberty engine. The idea was advanced, but the actual aircraft was disappointing. The series built version was overweight and unstable. Only 22 were built. The type was also known, in various stages of development, as the IL-400, IL-1, IL-2, and IL-3. Type: I-1M-5 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400hp M-5 Wing Span: 10.8m Length: 7.75m Height: Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 1112kg Max.Weight: Speed: 263km/h Ceiling: 6750m Range: 2.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.62mm I-1, Mikoyan-Gurevich The I-1, officially called I-370, was an experimental 'frontal' fighter, using the same technology and wing as the parallel {MiG-19} series, but powered by a single, powerful engine. Performance was disappointing, and the type given an uprated engine a different wing, then being called the {I-2}. Performance was still below specifications, and the design was again modified to become the {I-3}, which was never flown. Two built. Type: I-1 Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 8400kg Klimov VK-3 Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 12.70m Height: Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 5086kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1960km/h Ceiling: 17000m Range: 2500km Armament: 2*g30mm I-2, Grigorovich Biplane fighter, developed from the {I-1}. The M-5 engine was a Soviet copy of the Liberty 12. The production of the even more redesigned I-2bis was 211 aircraft. It was the first indigeneous fighter to enter service in substantial numbers. Type: I-2bis Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420hp M-5 Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 7.32m Height: 3m Wing Area: 23.53m2 Empty Weight: 1152kg Max.Weight: 1575kg Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: 5400m Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm I-2, Mikoyan-Gurevich Modification of the {I-1} with greater wing sweep, and a more powerful version of the Klimov VK-7 engine. Performance was still disappointing. 1955. I-2, Sukhoi Design for a twin-engined fighter, a two-seater powered by turbosupercharged 2200hp M-71F engines. It was not built. 1942. I-3, Polikarpov Fighter biplane, the first Soviet single-seat fighter that was built in substantial numbers. The I-3 was a wooden fighter with clean lines, powered by a copy of the BMW 7,3 engine. About 240 served with the VVS. Type: I-3 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp M-17 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 8.01m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 27.85m2 Empty Weight: 1400kg Max.Weight: 1846kg Speed: 278km/h Ceiling: Range: 585km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm I-3, Mikoyan-Gurevich Frontal fighter, developed in parallel with the {I-1}. It resembled a scaled up {Ye-2}: tubular fuselage, swept wings. It did not fly because the engine was not ready. A development, the I-3U was also known as the {U-5}. It too was never flown. Type: I-3U Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 8400kg Klimov VK-3 Speed: 1960km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: 1800km Armament: 2*g30mm I-4, Tupolev Sesquiplane single-seat fighter. The lower wing was not much more than an attachment for the wing struts. It was removed altogether in the I-4bis. The I-4 was the first Soviet all-metal fighter. The I-4 was also used in tests of the Vakhmistrov concept, in which two fighters were carried on top of a bomber's ({TB-1})wings. 369 were built. Type: I-4 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 480hp M-22 Wing Span: 11.40m Length: 7.28m Height: Wing Area: 23.80m2 Empty Weight: 978kg Max.Weight: 1430kg Speed: 231km/h Ceiling: 7100m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.62mm I-5, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {I-3}. I-5, Polikarpov Biplane fighter, designed later than the {I-6}. In typical Stalinist fashion, it was hurriedly designed by Polikarpov and Grigorovich while they were detained. Later, Polikarpov was forced to release the work on the I-5 to Sukhoi, and to work on Sukhoi's I-6 instead. Later the I-5 was handed back to Polikarpov. Compared with contemporary western fighters, the performance of the I-5 was only mediocre, but it was highly manoeuvrable. Some were still in service as trainers in 1941. 803 built. Type: I-5 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 480hp M-22 Wing Span: 10.24m Length: 6.78m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 21.25m2 Empty Weight: 943kg Max.Weight: 1355kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: 8100m Range: 660km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm I-6, Polikarpov Small biplane fighter, originally designed by Sukhoi, but later transferred to Polikarpov. The I-6 was abandoned in favour of the {I-5}, which climbed faster and was more manoeuvrable. Two built. Type: I-6 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter VI Wing Span: 9.70m Length: 6.78m Height: Wing Area: 20.50m2 Empty Weight: 868kg Max.Weight: 1280kg Speed: 280km/h Ceiling: Range: 700km Armament: I-7, Heinkel Heinkel {HD-37} single-seat biplane fighter. The HD 37 was not accepted by the clandestine German air force, but the USSR bought a small number and a licence. 134 were built in the USSR as the I-7. The BMW VI engine was produced in the USSR as the M-17. Type: HD 37 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp BMW VI 7,3Z Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.95m Height: Wing Area: 26.71m2 Empty Weight: 1296kg Max.Weight: 1729kg Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: Range: 700km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm I-7, Mikoyan-Gurevich The I-7 interceptor was developed from the never flown {I-3} and {I-5}. It was reengined, and wing sweepback was slightly reduced. Only one was built. Type: I-7U Function: fighter Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Lyulka AL-7F Wing Span: 9.98m Length: 16.92m Height: Wing Area: 31.90m2 Empty Weight: 7952kg Max.Weight: 11540kg Speed: 1660km/h Ceiling: Range: 1505km Armament: 2*g30mm I-8, Tupolev The I-8 was a small biplane fighter, constructed of steel and duraluminium, and covered with fabric. The I-8 was completed by donation of unpaid workhours. It was fast, but it was decided not to produce its Curtiss Conqueror engine in the USSR. Type: I-8 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror Wing Span: 9.00m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 960kg Max.Weight: 1424kg Speed: 313km/h Ceiling: Range: 440km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm I-9, Grigorovich Twin-engined fighter design. Not built. 1932. I-10, Grigorovich Fighter design, making extensive use of magnesium alloy. Not built. I-12, Tupolev The I-12 had a central nacelle with a pusher and a tractor engine, and extremely slender twin tail booms. It was armed with two recoilless 76mm cannon, incorporated in the hollow tail booms! Only a prototype was built. Type: I-12 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 525hp Gnome-Rhone 9AK Wing Span: 15.60m Length: 9.50m Height: Wing Area: 30.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2400kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g76mm I-14, Tupolew The I-14 was the first cantilever monoplane fighter with enclosed cockpit and rectractable undercarriage. It was of all-metal construction, with flush-riveted smooth skinning over the fuselage and corrugated skinning on the wings. The I-14 was flown in 1933. The second prototype, I-14bis, had an open cockpit and a different engine. Only 18 were built, because the lighter {I-16} was preferred. The engine was a copy of the Wright R-1820 Cyclone. Type: I-14 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 700hp M-25 Wing Span: 11.25m Length: 6.11m Height: 2.74m Wing Area: 16.93m2 Empty Weight: 1170kg Max.Weight: 1540kg Speed: 449km/h at 3400m Ceiling: 8800m Range: Armament: 2*g37mm 2*mg7.62mm I-15, Polikarpov The I-15 was a small biplane fighter with a gulled upper wing. It was used in combat in the Spanish Civil War and proved to be one of the best fighter biplanes of its time, with a good performance and excellent handling. 674 built. Type: I-15 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 775hp M-25V Wing Span: 9.75m Length: 6.10m Height: 2.20m Wing Area: 21.90m2 Empty Weight: 1012kg Max.Weight: 1489kg Speed: 367km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 720km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm I-15bis, Polikarpov See {I-152}. I-15ter, Polikarpov See {I-153}. I-16, Polikarpov The I-16 was revolutionary when it appeared in 1933; the first operational cantilever monoplane fighter with rectractable landing gear. The original M-25 engine was a copy of the Wright R-1820; some I-16s were built in Spain and actually had US-built engines. It was very successful in the Spanish civil war; but it was obsolete at the outbreak of WWII. Large numbers were still in service in 1941, and it stayed in front-line service until late 1943. 7005 single-seaters and 1639 two-seaters were built. The last model was the Type 24, which could have a M-62, M-63 or M-25Ye engine, and several armament combinations including 12.7mm and 20mm weapons. Type: I-16 Type 10 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 730hp M-25A Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 6.07m Height: 2.56m Wing Area: 14.54m2 Empty Weight: 1350kg Max.Weight: 1715kg Speed: 440km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm Type: I-16 Type 24 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 930hp Shvetsov M-63 Wing Span: 8.88m Length: 6.04m Height: 2.41m Wing Area: 14.87m2 Empty Weight: 1475kg Max.Weight: 2060kg Speed: 489km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 600km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm I-17, Polikarpov The I-17 was a sleek fighter with a water-cooled engine, built for comparison with the stubby radial-engined {I-16}. Few were built, but some were used in combat in 1941. Type: I-17 (TsKB-19) Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp Klimov M-100 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 7.56m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 17.90m2 Empty Weight: 1560kg Max.Weight: 1950kg Speed: 500km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 800km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm I-20, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {MiG-1}. I-21, Pashinin The I-21 was intended as a replacement for the ageing {I-16}. The I-21 had a wooden monocoque fuselage and a wing of mixed construction. The I-21 looked good, but handling and especially landing characteristics were far from satisfactory. Modifications didn't help. Five built. Type: I-21 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1050hp Klimov M-105P Wing Span: 9.43m Length: 8.73m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g23mm 2*mg7.62mm I-21, Ilyushin Advanced single-seat monoplane fighter, first flown in 1936. The I-21 had a sleek fuselage, with the cockpit placed well aft, behind the wing trailing edge. The wing had a very broad chord, with a strongly swept leading edge. A wing evaporation cooling system was used to reduce drag even more, but this was heavy and ineffective. After three flights, the I-21 was abandoned. Two built. Type: I-21 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1257hp AM-34RNF Wing Span: 9.20m Length: 7.00m Height: Wing Area: 14.17m2 Empty Weight: 1400kg Max.Weight: 2125kg Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: Range: 760km Armament: I-22, Lavochkin, Gorbunov and Goudkov Renamed {LaGG-1}. I-26, Yakovlev Renamed {Yak-1}. I-28, Yakovlev Renamed {Yak-5}. I-28, Yatsenko Single-seat fighter, a low-wing monoplane of mixed construction. The I-28 had an inverted gull wing and a cockpit positioned well back to the tail. Seven were built before the program was terminated. One of the problems was that the design was intended for the 1500hp M-90 engine, but this or an engine of similar power was not available. Type: I-28 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 930hp Tumansky M-87B Wing Span: 10.40m Length: 8.54m Height: Wing Area: 16.50m2 Empty Weight: 2257kg Max.Weight: Speed: 576km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm I-29, Yakovlev Fighter version of the {Ya-22}. It did not enter production, and the Ya-22 was developed into the {Yak-2} light bomber. Type: I-29 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 960hp Klimov M-103A Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 10.18m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 29.40m2 Empty Weight: 3796kg Max.Weight: 5023kg Speed: 567km/h at 5000m Ceiling: Range: 1050km Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg7.62mm I-30, Yakovlev All-metal fighter, development of the {Yak-1}. It was named Yak-3, but later abandoned because it was overweight. The name {Yak-3} was later reused for an unrelated development of the Yak-1 series. Two built. Type: I-30 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Klimov M-105P Wing Span: 9.74m Length: 8.50m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 17.15m2 Empty Weight: 2550kg Max.Weight: Speed: 584km/h Ceiling: Range: 900km Armament: 3*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm I-33, Yakovlev Version of the {Yak-3} with a 1350hp M-106 engine. A few were built in 1943, but the M-106 was too unreliable. I-42, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {1-42}. I-63, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {MiG-3}. I-75, Mikoyan-Gurevich This was a rebuild of the {I-7}U with a new engine and forward fuselage, having a circular intake with a three-shock nose cone containing radar. The competing {Su-9} was selected to fill the interceptor requirement. One built. Type: I-75 Function: fighter Year: 1958 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 9215kg Lyulka AL-7F-1 Wing Span: 9.98m Length: 18.27m Height: Wing Area: 31.90m2 Empty Weight: 8274kg Max.Weight: Speed: M2.25 Ceiling: Range: Armament: I-107, Sukhoi See {Su-5}. I-110, Tomashevich D. L. Thomashevich was detained after the death of test pilot and national hero Valeri Chkalov in the {I-180} fighter, in 1938. In 1942 his detainee design bureau produced the I-110, a monoplane fighter of mixed construction, optimized for mass production by unskilled labour. But in 1942 there already were some successful fighters in production, and the I-110 remained a prototype. Type: I-110 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1650hp Klimov M-107A Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 9.91m Height: Wing Area: 18.73m2 Empty Weight: 3285kg Max.Weight: 3980kg Speed: 610km/h Ceiling: Range: 1050km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm 500kg I-152, Polikarpov Biplane fighter, a development of the I-15 with a straight upper wing and a more powerful engine. 2408 were built. The I-152 was used in Spain and China, and also fought in WWII. The I-152 was not as successful as the {I-15}, because the obsolence of biplane fighters was now apparent. Type: I-152 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 775hp M-25V Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 6.27m Height: Wing Area: 22.50m2 Empty Weight: 1310kg Max.Weight: 1834kg Speed: 364km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 800km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm b100kg I-153, Polikarpov After the Spanish civil war, the USSR wrongly concluded that there would be a role in the future for a manoeuvrable biplane fighter. The I-153 was a refinement of the earlier {I-15} and {I-152} with retractable landing gear; the gull-wing of the I-15 was employed. The traditional biplane armament of rifle-calibre machine guns was standard, but some had the 12.7mm UB instead. The I-153 entered service after the monoplane {I-16}, and stayed in first line service until 1943! 3437 were built. Type: I-153 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1000hp Shvetsov M-62R Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.17m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 22.14m2 Empty Weight: 1452kg Max.Weight: 2110kg Speed: 444km/h Ceiling: 10700m Range: 470km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm b100kg I-180, Polikarpov Design for a monoplane fighter powered by the M-87 radial engine. It was abandoned in favour of a development of the {I-16}, also called {I-180}. Not built. I-180, Polikarpov The I-180 was a wooden monoplane fighter, developed from the {I-16}. After a three prototypes and considerable redesign, a number of pre-series aircraft was built under the designation I-180S. Performance and handling problems led to the program being abandoned in favour of the {I-185}. Type: I-180S Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Tumansky M-88R Wing Span: 10.09m Length: 6.88m Height: Wing Area: 16.11m2 Empty Weight: 2046kg Max.Weight: 2456kg Speed: 585km/h Ceiling: 11600m Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm I-185, Polikarpov The I-185 was a wooden fighter monoplane, designed around the new M-90 engine. Later the M-81, M-71 and M-82 were tried; finally the M-71 was selected... and the I-185 was abandonded together with this engine. Performance was rated, in 1943, to be excellent. Type: I-185R Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2000hp Shvetsov M-71 Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 8.05m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 15.53m2 Empty Weight: 3105kg Max.Weight: 3750kg Speed: 680km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 950km Armament: 3*g20mm b400kg I-186, Polikarpov Proposed production development of the {I-185}. I-187, Polikarpov Development of the {I-185}. I-190, Polikarpov The I-190 was an adavanced biplane fighter, designed to cooperate with fast monoplane fighers. It was a derivative of the {I-153}. A development with a pressure cabin was never built. One built. Type: I-190 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Tumanky M-88A Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.48m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 22.14m2 Empty Weight: 1761kg Max.Weight: 2112kg Speed: 488km/h at 3000m Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm I-195, Polikarpov Development of the {I-190}. Not built. I-200, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {MiG-1}. I-207, Borovkov-Florov The I-207 was the smallest possible biplane fighter that could be built with a modern, powerful engine. Two {7211} prototypes and four I-207 pre-series aircraft were built, the pre-series aircraft with a retractable undercarriage. Later three were built with M-63 engines, and one was fitted with auxiliary ramjet engines. The I-207 was soon made obsolete by more advanced aircraft, but some saw combat against Finland. Type: I-207 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1000hp Shvetsov M-62 Wing Span: 6.98m Length: 5.88m Height: Wing Area: 18.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1990kg Speed: 467km/h Ceiling: Range: 640kg Armament: 4*mg7.62mm I-210, Mikoyan-Gurevich This was an adaptation of the {MiG-3} to use the M-82 radial engine instead of the discontinued Mikulan AM-35. The I-210 had aerodynamic problems, which resulted in excessive drag, vibration and handling problems. After TsAGI testing, redesign was applied and the aircraft became the {I-211}. Five built. Type: I-210 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700hp Shvetsov M-82A Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 8.08m Height: Wing Area: 17.44m2 Empty Weight: 2720kg Max.Weight: Speed: 565km Ceiling: Range: 1070km Armament: 3*mg12.7mm I-211, Alexeev Twin-engined jet fighter. The I-211 was similar to the Gloster {Meteor}: It used twin engines, a mid-wing nacelles. It was underpowered, also because the TR-1 engines never delivered the expected thrust. It was abandoned in favour of the {I-215}. One built. The swept-wing I-211S development never came further than the drawing board. Type: I-211 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1365kg Lyulka TR-1 Wing Span: 12.25m Length: 11.54m Height: 3.68m Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 4360kg Max.Weight: 7450kg Speed: 935km/h Ceiling: Range: 1550km Armament: (3*mg37mm) I-211, Mikoyan-Gurevich The I-211 was a development of the {I-210}, itself an attempt to revive the {MiG-3} by substituting the M-82 radial for the abandoned AM-35A engine. The I-211 embodied the modifications recommended by the TsAGI, and proved excellent. It came too late, the {La-5} was already in production and the MiG-3 had been phased out. Type: I-211(Ye) Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1850hp Shvetsov M-82FN Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 7.95m Height: 3.63m Wing Area: 17.44m2 Empty Weight: 2528kg Max.Weight: 3100kg Speed: 670km/h Ceiling: 11300m Range: 1140km Armament: 2*g20mm I-212, Alexeev The I-212 was a larger two-seat version of the {I-211} and {I-215} series, powered by Rolls-Royce Nene engines. It was intended as long-range all-weather interceptor. Built, but not flown. I-213, Alexeev Larger development of the I-212. Design only. I-214, Alexeev Development of the I-212 with the rearward-facing remote- controlled guns removed, and a tail radar installed. Not built. I-215, Alexeev The I-215 was a modification of the {I-211} with imported Rolls-Royce Derwent engines. Because of the engine installation in mid-wing nacelles, this could be done fairly easily. After some redesign to strengthen the wing, the I-215D was accepted for production. However, the Alexeev bureau was disbanded for political reasons, and the I-215 abandoned. Two built. Type: I-215 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1590kg Rolls Royce Derwent Wing Span: 12.25m Length: 11.54m Height: 3.68m Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 4010kg Max.Weight: 6890kg Speed: 970km/h Ceiling: Range: 1700km Armament: I-216, Alexeev Project for a version of the I-211 with two 76mm cannon. Not built. I-217, Alexeev Swept-wing, twin-engined jet aircraft. Not built. I-218, Alexeev Twin-boom attack aircraft with a pusher engine, heavily armoured and with remote-controlled guns on the booms. It was designed to replace the {Il-2}, but only one was built. Type: I-218 Function: attack Year: 1948 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Dobrynin VD-251 Wing Span: 16.463m Length: 13.88m Height: Wing Area: 45m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 9000kg Speed: 530km/h at 2000m Ceiling: 6600m Range: 1200km Armament: 4*NR-23, 150 rounds; 2*NR-23, 120 rounds; 1600kg I-220, Mikoyan-Gurevich First prototype of the I-220 series. See {I-225}. I-220, Nikitin-Shevchenko See {IS-2}. I-221, Mikoyan-Gurevich Second prototype of the I-220 series. See {I-225}. I-222, Mikoyan-Gurevich Third prototype of the I-220 series. A production version, the MiG-7, was cancelled. See {I-225}. I-224, Mikoyan-Gurevich Fourth prototype of the I-220 series. See {I-225}. I-225, Mikoyan-Gurevich Fifth prototype of the I-220 (-221, -222, -224, -225) series. The I-220 was a specialized high-altitude interceptor of advanced design. It had a pressure cabin, was well-armoured, carried heavy armament, and had a turbo-supercharged engine. But the expected high-altitude threat did not materialize, and the I-220 was not produced. Type: I-225(A) Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2200hp Mikulin AM-42FB Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 9.60m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 20.38m2 Empty Weight: 3010kg Max.Weight: Speed: 726km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: I-230, Mikoyan-Gurevich First prototype of the I-230 series. See {I-231}. Type: I-230 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1350hp Mikulin AM-35A Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 8.62m Height: Wing Area: 17.44m2 Empty Weight: 2612kg Max.Weight: 3285kg Speed: 660km/h Ceiling: Range: 1350km Armament: 2*g20mm I-231, Mikoyan-Gurevich Second prototype of the I-230 series. The I-230 was a less advanced backup programme for the I-220 high-altitude fighter, without turbochargers or pressure cabin. The I-230 was based on the {MiG-3}, but longer and mostly of wooden construction. It retained the AM-35 engine, which was no longer available, and only 10 were built. The I-231 was powered by the AM-39, but was lost in a crash, and development was halted. Type: I-231 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700hp Mikulin AM-39 Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 8.62m Height: Wing Area: 17.44m2 Empty Weight: 2583kg Max.Weight: 3287kg Speed: 707km/h Ceiling: Range: 1350km Armament: 2*g20mm I-250(N), Mikoyan-Gurevich This was a small mixed-power fighter, with a piston engine in the nose and a VRDK 'booster' in the tail, basically a primitive jet engine with a compressor driven by the Klimov engine. Less than 20 were built for the Navy, and were in service until 1950 as the MiG-13. Type: I-250(N) Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1650hp Klimov VK-107R 1 * 300kg Khalshchevnikov VRDK Wing Span: 11.05m Length: 8.75m Height: Wing Area: 15m2 Empty Weight: 3028kg Max.Weight: 3930kg Speed: 825km/h Ceiling: 11900m Range: 1820km Armament: 1*g23mm 2*mg12.7mm I-270(ZH), Mikoyan-Gurevich The I-270(ZH) was a rocket-powered target defence fighter, with straight wings and a T-tail. Both prototypes destroyed, and the programme cancelled. Type: I-270(ZH) Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1450kg RD-2M-3V Wing Span: 7.75m Length: 8.91m Height: 3.08m Wing Area: 12.00m2 Empty Weight: 1546kg Max.Weight: 4120kg Speed: 1000km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: 9 minutes, 3 seconds power. Armament: 2*g23mm I-300, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {MiG-9}. I-301, Mikoyan-Gurevich The I-301T was a two-seat trainer development of the {MiG-9}. Two built. I-301, Lavochkin, Goudkov and Gorbunov See {LaGG-3}. I-305, Mikoyan-Gurevich Version of the {MiG-9} with two Lyulka TR-1 engines. One built. I-307, Mikoyan-Gurevich The {MiG-9}F, a development with RD-21 engines. I-308, Mikoyan-Gurevich The {MiG-9}FR. I-310, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {MiG-15}. I-320, Mikoyan-Gurevich Twin-engined all-wheater fighter. The engines were fitted in tandem, one exhausting just after the wing, the other under the tail. A circular nose intake was used with a radar cone on the upper lip, and side-by-side seating for the crew members. The {Yak-25}, designed to a more advanced requirement, was preferred. Three built. Type: I-320(R) Function: fighter Year: 1950 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2270kg Klimov RD-45F Wing Span: 14.20m Length: 15.77m Height: Wing Area: 41.20m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 12095kg Speed: 1090km/h Ceiling: 15100m Range: 1205km Armament: 3*g37mm I-330, Sukhoi See {Su-1}. I-330, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {MiG-17}. I-340, Mikoyan-Gurevich The I-340 was a development of the {MiG-17} with two 2200kg Mikulin AM-5 engines. This was the engine installation of the {I-360} or {MiG-19}. 1952. I-350, Mikoyan-Gurevich This was a single-seat fighter with a Lyulka TR-3 engine, similar in general outline to the {MiG-17}, but with a highly swept wing. It was designed for sustained supersonic flight. The TR-3 was unreliable, and the I-350 was rebuilt with paired Mikulin AM-5 engines. Type: I-350 Function: fighter Year: 1953 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4600kg Lyulka TR-3 Wing Span: 9.73m Length: 16.65m Height: Wing Area: 36.00m2 Empty Weight: 6125kg Max.Weight: 8710kg Speed: 1240km/h Ceiling: Range: 1120km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g23mm I-360, Sukhoi See {Su-3}. I-360, Mikoyan-Gurevich The I-360 was a derivative of the {I-350}, designed from the outset for two Mikulin AM-5 engines. It became the prototype of the {MiG-19}. Type: I-360 Function: fighter Year: 1952 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 2700kg Mikulin AM-5F Wing Span: 9.04m Length: 13.90m Height: 3.95m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: I-370, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {I-1}. I-380, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {I-3}. I-410, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {I-3}. IL-1, Polikarpov See {I-1}. Il-1, Ilyushin The Il-1 was a heavily armoured single-seat fighter-bomber, based on {Il-2} experience. It was a big low-wing monoplane, first flown in mid-1944. At that time, the end of the war was in sight, and the further development of this type of aircraft was abandoned. One built. Type: Il-1 Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1973hp Mikulin AM-42 Wing Span: 13.40m Length: 11.12m Height: Wing Area: 30.00m2 Empty Weight: 4285kg Max.Weight: 5320kg Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: 8600m Range: 1000km Armament: 2*g23mm IL-3, Polikarpov See {I-1}. Il-2, Ilyushin 'Bark' A ground-attack monoplane, with modest performance but heavy armour and a sturdy construction, which was the backbone of the Soviet ground-attack units in WWII. Probably the military aircraft with the largest production ever: 36163. It was derived from the {BSh-2} two-seater, but the production began with a single-seat version. A second crewman with the gun for rear protection was reintroduced in 1942, in the Il-2m version. As a close-support aircraft, it was essential for the Red Army. There was also a single prototype of an Il-2I single-seat fighter version. Type: Il-2m3 Function: attack Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1720hp Mikulin AM-38F Wing Span: 14.60m Length: 11.65m Height: 4.17m Wing Area: 38.50m2 Empty Weight: 4525kg Max.Weight: 6360kg Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: 6360m Range: 765km Armament: 2*g23mm 2*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm b1000kg 8*r82mm IL-3, Polikarpov See {I-1}. Il-4, Ilyushin 'Bob' Twin-engined long-range bomber, a redesign of the {DB-3}, and originally known as the DB-3F. The Il-4 had aerodynamic improvements, of which the much longer nose was the most visible. The Il-4 was not a very advanced aircraft and had some undesirable characteristics, but it served as the standard long-range bomber. Some attacks on Berlin were highly publicised. Total production of the DB-3/Il-4 was approx 6800, that of the Il-4 alone 5256. Type: Il-4 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1100hp M-88B Wing Span: 21.44m Length: 14.80m Height: 4.10m Wing Area: 66.70m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 11570kg Speed: 406km/h Ceiling: 8750m Range: 3000km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm b2500kg Il-6, Ilyushin Twin-engined long range bomber, intended to replace the {Il-4}. It was of similar layout, but with heavier armament and better performance. It was powered by Diesel engines, but these were rather unreliable. Additionally, the stalling characteristics were bad. It did not enter production. Type: Il-6 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 1900hp Tcharomsky ATch-30BF Wing Span: 26.07m Length: 17.38m Height: Wing Area: 84.8m2 Empty Weight: 11930kg Max.Weight: 19600kg Speed: 464km/h at 6600m Ceiling: 7000m Range: 5450km Armament: 5*g20mm 4000kg Il-8, Ilyushin Ground attack aircraft, a slightly smaller development of the {Il-2} powered by an AM-42 engine. It was abandoned in favour of the {Il-10}. Type: Il-8 Function: attack Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1492kW AM-42 Wing Span: 14.60m Length: 12.93m Height: Wing Area: 39.0m2 Empty Weight: 5245kg Max.Weight: Speed: 470km/h at 2240m Ceiling: 6800m Range: 1180km Armament: 2*g23mm 2*mg7.62mm 1000kg Il-10, Ilyushin 'Beast' Development of the {Il-2}, completely redesigned. The Il-10 was cleaner, smaller, more powerful, and of all-metal construction. It was used during the final stages of WWII and in Korea. 14966 were built in the USSR, and over 7000 more in Czechoslovakia. The production ended with the Il-10M, which had a completely redesigned and very different wing. Type: Il-10 Function: attack Year: 1945 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2000hp Mikulin AM-42 Wing Span: 13.40m Length: 11.06m Height: 4.18m Wing Area: 30m2 Empty Weight: 4680kg Max.Weight: 6535kg Speed: 507km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 1000km Armament: 2*g23mm 2*mg7.62mm 1*g20mm b400kg 8*r82mm Il-12, Ilyushin 'Coach' Transport, intended as an DC-3 replacement. 663 built according to Ilyushin, but figures as high as 3000 are given by other sources... The Il-12 had some similarity to the DC-3, but had nosewheel landing gear. The Il-12 was used by the armed forces as well as by Aeroflot. Performance was marginal, so Ilyushin created the redesigned {Il-14}. Type: Il-12 Function: transport Year: 1946 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1830hp Shvetsov ASh-82FN Wing Span: 31.70m Length: 21.31m Height: Wing Area: 100m2 Empty Weight: 9000kg Max.Weight: 12750kg Speed: 407km/h Ceiling: 6700m Range: 2000km Load: 21 seats Il-14, Ilyushin 'Crate' Twin-engined transport, development of the {Il-12}. The Il-14 was much refined, with a new wing and a more angular tailfin. Over 1000 were built, some sources claiming more than 3500. There were numerous special versions. Type: Il-14 Function: transport Year: 1953 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1900hp Shvetsov ASh-82T Wing Span: 31.70m Length: 22.30m Height: 7.90m Wing Area: 99.70m2 Empty Weight: 12600kg Max.Weight: 18000kg Speed: 417km/h Ceiling: 7400m Range: Load: 26 seats Il-16, Ilyushin Ground-attack monoplane, the last development of the {Il-2} series. Essentially a lighter {Il-10}. Only 54 were built, most with the less powerful but more reliable AM-42 engine, it never entered service. Type: Il-16 (prototype) Function: attack Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2300hp Mikulin AM-43NV Wing Span: 13.40m Length: 11.06m Height: 4.18m Wing Area: 30m2 Empty Weight: 4315kg Max.Weight: 6180kg Speed: 657km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: Il-18, Ilyushin "Clam" There were two Il-18s, and this was the first one: A 66-seat transport powered by four radials (Diesel engines were originally planned). It did not enter production. Type: Il-18 Function: transport Year: 1946 Crew: Engines: 4 * 2600hp Shvetsov ASh-73 Wing Span: 41.10m Length: 29.86m Height: Wing Area: 140m2 Empty Weight: 28490km Max.Weight: 47500kg Speed: 565km/h at 9000m Ceiling: Range: 2800km Load: 66 seats, 5760kg Il-18, Ilyushin There were two Il-18s, and this was the second one. It was a four-engined turboprop airliner. About 800 were built, and approximately 25 entered military service as VIP transports. It was also developed into the {Il-20} ELINT aircraft and the {Il-38} maritime patrol aircraft. Some Il-18s also carried loads of electronic equipment, and were oficially described as research aircraft. Type: Il-18D Function: transport Year: 1965 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 3169kW Ivchenko AI-20M Wing Span: 37.40m Length: 35.90m Height: 10.17m Wing Area: 140m2 Empty Weight: 35000kg Max.Weight: 64000kg Speed: 675km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 6500km Load: 90b seats. Il-20, Ilyushin The first Il-20 was a ground attack aircraft, powered by a 2700hp AM-47F engine. To give the pilot a good forward view, he was seated on top of the engine. This resulted in a deep and blunt-nosed fuselage. The wings and tail were based on those of the {Il-10}M, but larger. It was inferior to the {Il-10}. One built. The designation Il-20 was reused for the civil version of the {Il-28} bomber and for the {Il-20} 'Coot' ELINT aircraft. Type: Il-20 Function: attack Year: 1948 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Mikulin M-47F Wing Span: 17.00m Length: 12.59m Height: Wing Area: 44.0m2 Empty Weight: 7500km Max.Weight: Speed: 515km/h at S/L Ceiling: 7750m Range: 1680km Armament: 2*g23mm 1400kg Il-20, Ilyushin Designation used for disarmed {Il-28} bombers, used as trainers, development aircraft and fast transports. Il-20, Ilyushin 'Coot-A' The third aircraft with the designation Il-20. It is an electronic reconaissance version of the {Il-18} civil transport. The structure was identical, but the Il-20 carries as SLAR, infrared line scanners, and numerous other sensors. Type: Il-20 'Coot-A' Function: ECM Year: 1978 Crew: 15 Engines: 4 * 4250hp Ivchenko AI-20M Speed: 704km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 2600km Il-22, Ilyushin The first Soviet jet bomber, a conventional design that was abandoned in favour of the simpler {Il-28}. The Il-22 had a rather fat fuselage of circular cross-section, and an unswept wing with four jet engines underneath. Type: Il-22 Function: bomber Year: 1947 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 1300kg Lyulka TR-1 Wing Span: 23.06m Length: 21.05m Height: Wing Area: 74.5m2 Empty Weight: 14950kg Max.Weight: Speed: 718km/h at 7000m Ceiling: 11000m Range: 865km Armament: 2*g20mm 1*g23mm 3000kg Il-22, Ilyushin 'Coot-B' Airborne command center version of the {Il-18}. Il-24, Ilyushin Unbuilt derivative of the {Il-22} jet bomber. Il-24, Ilyushin The Il-24N was an ice reconnaissance version of the {Il-18}D. Il-28, Ilyushin 'Beagle' / 'Mascot' Tactical jet bomber, the first Soviet jet bomber to enter service in large numbers. It was a fairly orthodox design with a straight wing, swept tail surfaces, and two big underwing engines, copies of the Rolls-Royce Nene. The tail turret was unusual for an aircraft this size, but was considered much more efficient than a dorsal turret. It was a successful type that was exported to over 20 countries, and also served as reconnaissance aircraft, torpedo bomber, target tug, anti-submarine aircraft, and target drone. About 2000 were built. Type: Il-28 Function: bomber Year: 1948 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 2740kg Klimov VK-1 Wing Span: 21.45m Length: 17.65m Height: Wing Area: 60.80m2 Empty Weight: 12890kg Max.Weight: 21000kg Speed: 900km/h Ceiling: 12300m Range: 2180km Armament: 4*g23mm b3000kg Il-30, Ilyushin Jet bomber, similar in general outline to the {Il-28} apart from its swept wing. It was also twice as heavy. The Il-30 did not enter production. Type: Il-30 Function: bomber Year: 1951 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 4600kg TR-3 Wing Span: 16.50m Length: 18.70m Height: Wing Area: 100m2 Empty Weight: 22967kg Max.Weight: 37552kg Speed: 1000km/h at 5000m Ceiling: Range: Armament: 6*g23mm 4000kg Il-32, Ilyushin Transport glider, a high-wing aircraft with a very box-like fuselage. The Il-32 was designed to carry light vehicles. Unusual for such gliders, it was of all-metal construction. A few were built. Type: Il-32 Function: glider Year: 1948 Crew: Wing Span: 35.8m Length: 24.84m Height: Wing Area: 159.5m2 Empty Weight: 9600kg Max.Weight: 16600kg Load: 7000kg, 60 seats Il-34, Ilyushin Twin-engined derivative of the {Il-32}. Il-38, Ilyushin 'Bear' For one reason or another the Western press briefly identified the {Tu-95} as the Il-38. Il-38, Ilyushin 'May' Maritime patrol and ASW aircraft, developed from the {Il-18} turboprop transport. The position of the wing was changed, so that the Il-38 has a short front fuselage and a longer aft fuselage, and two bomb bays. About 100 were built. Type: Il-38 Function: reconaissance / ASW Year: 1971 Crew: 12 Engines: 4 * 4250hp Ivchenko AI-20M Wing Span: 37.40m Length: 39.57m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 34500kg Max.Weight: Speed: 724km/h at 6400m Ceiling: 11000m Range: 7240km Armament: 3000kg Il-40, Ilyushin 'Brawny' Jet-engined armoured ground attack aircraft. It was a rather odd design, with two engines in the forward fuselage, armoured tandem cockpits, swept wings, and a remote-controlled tail gun turret. Only one was completed, because the concept was clearly outdated. Type: Il-40 Function: attack Year: 1953 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2700kg Mikulin AM-5F Wing Span: 16.90m Length: 17.00m Height: Wing Area: 47.6m2 Empty Weight: 8500kg Max.Weight: Speed: 964km/h Ceiling: 11600m Range: 1000km Armament: 4*g37mm 2*mg23mm Il-46, Ilyushin Unsuccessful jet bomber design, similar to the {Il-28} but actually a straight-wing development of the {Il-30}. Only two were built, because the {Tu-16} was preferred. Type: Il-46 Function: bomber Year: 1952 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 5000kg Lyulka AL-5 Wing Span: 29.00m Length: 24.50m Height: Wing Area: 105m2 Empty Weight: 26300kg Max.Weight: 52425kg Speed: 928km/h at 5000m Ceiling: 12700m Range: Armament: 2*g23mm 5000kg Il-54, Ilyushin 'Blowlamp' Supersonic jet bomber, a fairly elegant design with a highly swept shoulder wing. The engines were in nacelles suspended under the wing. The aircraft did not enter production. One built. Type: Il-54 Function: bomber Year: 1955 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 6500kg Lyulka AL-7 Wing Span: 17.65m Length: 28.96m Height: Wing Area: 84.6m2 Empty Weight: 23560kg Max.Weight: 41600kg Speed: 1170km/h at 5000m Ceiling: 13000m Range: Armament: 1*g23mm 5000kg Il-76, Ilyushin 'Candid' / 'Midas ' / 'Mainstay' Similar in appearance to the U.S. {C-141} but superior in many respects, the Il-76 is the main transport aircraft of the Soviet forces. It is also used by civil operators. The military version often has a tail gun turret and ECM equipment. It is a much-used platform for other missions, including the {Il-78} 'Midas' tanker and {A-50} 'Mainstay' AWACS aircraft. A version of the Il-76 as a firefighting aircraft carrying 42000 liters of fire retardant also exists. Iraq development its own AWACS, called {Adnan-1}, from the Il-76. Type: Il-76T 'Candid-A' Function: transport Year: 1974 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 120kN Soloviev D-30KP Wing Span: 50.5m Length: 46.59m Height: Wing Area: 300m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 170000kg Speed: 850km/h Ceiling: 15500m Range: 6500km Load: 47000kg Il-78, Ilyushin 'Midas' Tanker derivative of the {Il-76} transport. Il-102, Ilyushin A low-wing, well-armoured twin-engined ground attack aircraft, configurtionally similar to the {Il-40}. The Il-102 is a two-seater with the second crewmember in an aft-facing position behind the wing, and a remote-controlled gun turret in the extreme tail. In all, this aircraft looks anachronistic. The {Su-25} was selected for production. One built. Type: Il-102 Function: attack Year: 1978 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 18300lb Klimov RD-33 Wing Span: 16.90m Length: 17.75m Height: Wing Area: 63.5m2 Empty Weight: 13000kg Max.Weight: 22000kg Speed: 950km/h Ceiling: Range: 3000km Armament: 1*g30mm 1*g23mm Il-106, Ilyushin Design for a large military transport, powered by propfan engines. IL-400, Polikarpov See {I-1}. Ilya Mourometz, Sikorsky Igor Sikorsky built the world's first four-engined aircraft, the Rusky Vitaz, in 1913. The Ilya Moroumetz was a bomber development; around 80 were used by the Russian heavy bomber units during WWI, in several versions and with the available engines. Sometimes only two engines were fitted. The V is the third letter of the cyrillic alphabet. Type: Ilya Moroumetz V Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 110kW Sunbeam Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 120km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: Armament: 4-7*mg 520kg IOP, Sukhoi The IOP was a project for a twin-engined fighter armed with cannon. It was never built. Engines would have been AM-37 or AM-38, with turbochargers. IP-1, Grigorovich Low-wing monoplane fighter. The IP-1 prototype carried two recoilless guns, with five rounds each; two 7.62mm guns were fitted to assist in aiming. But production aircraft carried a more conventional armament of two 20mm cannon and six 7.62mm guns. 90 were built. Type: IP-1 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 635hp M-25 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 7.23m Height: Wing Area: 19.98m2 Empty Weight: 1200kg Max.Weight: Speed: 410km/h at 3000m, 368km/h at S/L Ceiling: 8300m Range: 1000km Armament: 2*g20m 6*mg7.62mm IP-2, Grigorovich Development of the {IP-1}. Cancelled. IP-4, Grigorovich Monoplane fighter, a smaller derivative of the {IP-1}, armed with four recoilless 45mm cannon. One built, a second was abandoned uncompleted. Type: IP-4 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 640hp Wright Cyclone 9 Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 7.08m Height: Wing Area: 16.36m2 Empty Weight: 1080kg Max.Weight: Speed: 435km/h Ceiling: 8300m Range: 830km Armament: 4*g45mm 2*mg7.62mm IS, Grushin See {Gr-1}. IS, Silvansky One of the most laughable aircraft ever built in Russia. The IS was a low-wing monoplane fighter of mixed construction. It was found out that, due to a 'miscalculation' the undercarriage wouldn't fit in the wheel wells, so it was shortened. Then the propeller had to be cropped to achieve ground clearance. The test pilot managed to get it up to 300m and land safely, then declared it unflyable. Type: IS Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Tumansky M-88 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: IS-1, Shevchenko-Nikitin The IS-1 was a compromise between biplane and monoplane fighters: It was both. The lower wing could be retracted upwards, flush with the forward fuselage and the upper wing, while the wheels retracted into the lower wing surfaces. Only experimental. One built. Type: IS-1 Function: experimental fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Shvetsov M-63 Wing Span: 8.60m Length: 6.79m Height: Wing Area: 20.83m2 13.00m2 Empty Weight: 1400kg Max.Weight: Speed: 453km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm IS-2, Shevchenko-Nikitin Development of the {IS-1}. The IS-2 had a smaller-diameter engine and generally cleaned up lines. It did not enter production, because of concerns about the complexity and vulnerability of the wing retraction mechanism. One built. Type: IS-2 Function: experimental fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1150hp Tumansky M-88 Wing Span: 8.60m Length: 7.10m Height: Wing Area: 20.83m2 13.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 507km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm IS-4, Shevchenko-Nikitin Projected, but not built, development of the {IS-2}. The IS-4 would have been powered by a 1215kW M-120 engine and have had a top speed of 720km/h! ITP, Polikarpov Heavy cannon-armed fighter. Only two were built, because Yakovlev had already adapted the {Yak-9} to carry the 37mm cannon. Type: ITP(M-1) Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1650hp Klimov M-107P Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 8.95m Height: Wing Area: 16.45m2 Empty Weight: 2960kg Max.Weight: 3570kg Speed: 655km/h Ceiling: 10400m Range: 1280km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g20mm b400kg I-Z, Grigorovich Single-seat low-wing monoplane fighter, prototype of the {IP-1}. The I-Z was designed to carry a single-shot recoilless gun under each wing. The front fuselage was that of the Polikarpov {I-5} biplane fighter. After two prototypes, 71 production aircraft followed; but because of handling problems, most were used in development roles. Type: I-Z Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 480hp M-22 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.90m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g76.2mm 1*mg7.62mm --J--------------------------------------------------------------------- --K--------------------------------------------------------------------- K-7, Kalinin The K-7 was an experimental heavy bomber. Basically it was an enormous, thick, elliptical flying wing design, with twin tail booms, a nacelle protruding from the leading edge, and four-wheeled landing gear -- each two wheels enclosed in enormous fairings, that contained internal bomb-bays. The single prototype broke up in the air. Type: K-7 Function: bomber Year: 1933 Crew: 19 Engines: 6 * 800hp M-34F Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 1000km Armament: 9000kg 3*g20mm 6*mg K-12, Kalinin Tailless bomber prototype. The K-12 had a large, unswept wing with endplates at the tips. The fuselage ended in a gun turret, and it also had a nose turret. The radial engines were installed as tractor engines in conventional nacelles. The type did not enter production. All work was halted when Kalinin was arrested. Type: K-12 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 480hp M-22 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: K-37, Gudkov This designation was used for an attack derivative of the {LaGG-3} fighter, armed with a 37mm cannon firing through the propeller hub. Three built. Ka-8, Kamov Precursor of the {Ka-10}. The Ka-8 was a single-seat helicopter with a 27hp M-76 engine, boosted to 45hp by using alcohol for fuel. 1947. Ka-10, Kamov 'Hat' Single-seat observation helicopter, not much more than an open rig with an engine and coaxial rotors. 12 built. Type: Ka-10 Function: observation Year: 1950 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 41kW Ivchenko AI-4V Speed: 90km/h Ceiling: Range: 95km Armament: Ka-15, Kamov 'Hen' The Ka-15 was a small utility helicopter with coaxial rotors. Type: Ka-15 Function: utility Year: 1952 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 225hp Ivchenko AI-14V Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 3050m Range: Ka-18, Kamov 'Hog' Utility helicopter, development of the {Ka-15} with a lengthened fuselage and more powerful engine. About 200 built. Type: Ka-18 Function: utility Year: 1955 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 275hp Ivchenko AI-14VF Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 3 seats Ka-20, Kamov 'Harp' Precursor of the {Ka-25}. The Ka-20 was much larger than the {Ka-18}, and powered by two 670kW turboshaft engines. Ka-22, Kamov 'Hoop' Huge compound helicopter. The Ka-22 had side-by-side rotors, instead of Kamov's usual coaxial ones. Each engine nacelle, at the ends of a wing, had a lifting rotor and a tractor propeller. After take-off power was transferred to the propellers, and the rotors turned freely. The Ka-22 remained a prototype, the more conventional {Mi-6} was already in production. Type: Ka-22 Function: experimental Year: 1961 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 4101kW Solovyov D-25VK Span: 46.33m Length: 26.97m Height: 10.04m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 25840kg Max.Weight: 42500kg Speed: 345km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 450km Load: Ka-25, Kamov 'Hormone' ASW helicopter with a short, stubby fuselage and contrarotating, coaxial rotors. The contra-rotating rotors eliminated the need for an anti-torque tail rotor, and made a very compact design possible, with obvious benefits for shipboard operations. The Ka-25B Hormone-A is equipped for ASW operations, the Ka-25 Hormone-B for electronic warfare and the Ka-25PS Hormone-C for SAR. The Ka-25 is now mostly replaced by the {Ka-27}. Type: Ka-25 'Hormone' Function: ASW, utility and SAR helicopter Year: 1965 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 900hp Glushenko GTD-3 Speed: 193km/h Ceiling: 3350m Range: 650km Armament: Ka-26, Kamov 'Hoodlum' Small utility helicopter. Most of the fuselage is rectangular, removable box. 850 built. Type: Ka-26 Function: utility Year: 1970 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 2 * 325hp Vedeneyev M-14V-26 Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 1200km Load: 900kg Ka-27, Kamov 'Helix-A, D' Improved version of the {Ka-25}. The fuselage was redesigned to give a large increase in cabin room, with only a small increasse in external dimensions. This allows the Ka-27 to operate from the same ships as the Ka-25. New engines and rotor blades allow a significant increase in operating weights. Type: Ka-27 'Helix-A' Function: ASW Year: Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 1660kW Isotiv TV3-117V Rotor Span: 15.90m Length: Height: Disc Area: 397.11m2 Empty Weight: 6100kg Max.Weight: 12600kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ka-28, Kamov 'Helix-A' Export version of the {Ka-27}. Ka-29, Kamov 'Helix-B' Shipboard attack helicopter. The Ka-29 is a development of the {Ka-27} with a more rectangular nose, containing a 7.62mm gun, and attachment points for more external armament. A Ka-29RJD version with an early-warning radar is in development. Type: Ka-29TB Function: attack Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1660kW Isotov TV3-117VK Wing Span: 15.90m Length: 11.60m Height: 5.40m Wing Area: 198.5m2 Empty Weight: 5520kg Max.Weight: 12600kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 800km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm Ka-30, Kamov Version of the {Ka-29}, probably mainly for civil operations. Ka-31, Kamov Radar picket helicopter. Ka-32, Kamov 'Helix-C' Development of the {Ka-27}. The Ka-32 is assumed to be a civil version, but it could find military buyers as well, especially in the Ka-32S naval version. Ka-40, Kamov Design for a replacement of the Ka-27, powered by 1865kW Klimov TVA-3000 engines. Ka-50, Kamov 'Hokum' Attack helicopter, a single-seat helicopter with Kamov's familiar contra-rotating rotors. Existence of the Ka-50 was denied as late as 1990; but recently every attempt has made to sell it to foreign customers, under the nasty name of 'Werewolf'. The Ka-50 is a good performer, but it is thought that the single-seat layout imposes a very high workload on the pilot. Hence Kamov produced the two-seat {Ka-52}, and then offered a simplified version of the Ka-52 as the Ka-50-2. Type: Ka-50 Function: attack Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1660kW Isotov TV3-117VK Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 310km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: Armament: 1*g30mm Ka-52, Kamov Two-seat development of the {Ka-50}, with side-by-side seating. The prototype was unveiled in 1996, but first flight is not expected before early 1997. Its primary intended role is battlefield command and control, but it also carries armament. Type: Ka-52 Function: reconnaissance / command and control / attack Year: 1997 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1640kW Klimov TV3-117VLA Rotor Span: 14.43m Length: 15.96m Height: 4.93m Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 310km/h Ceiling: Range: 1200km Armament: 1*g30mm Ka-60, Kamov Light attack helicopter, generally see as a Russian equivalent of the RA{H-66}. First flight expected in 1998. Ka-62, Kamov Multi-role helicopter, a civil version of the {Ka-60}. The Ka-62 has a very French look, with a streamlined fuselage and a "fenestron" tail rotor. About 50% of the structure consist of composites. First flight expected in 1997. Type: Ka-62 Function: multi-role Year: (1997) Crew: 1-2 Engines: 2 * 956kW Rybinsk RD-600 Rotor Span: 13.5m Length: 15.6m Height: 4.2m Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 6750kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: +5000m Range: 1165km Load: 2500kg, 16 seats Ka-64, Kamov / Agusta Development of the {Ka-60} and {Ka-62}, a joint venture with the Italian Agusta. Ka-118, Kamov Reported designation of a single-engined, medium-sized helicopter of NOTAR configuration. Ka-126, Kamov 'Hoodlum' Development of the {Ka-26} with one 720hp TV-0-100 engine. Ka-136, Kamov 'Hookum' See {Ka-50}. Kasnyanenko 5 Experimental fighter biplane. The propeller was fitted at the extreme tail, behind the tail surfaces, and driven by a long shaft by the engine, which was installed in the mid-fuselage. Development was abandoned after the prototype was damaged. One built. Type: 5 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Wing Span: 7.25m Length: 6.96m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg KhAl-1, Nyeman The KhAl-1 was a wooden low-wing monoplane. 43 were built for the internal airlines of the USSR. Two were later converted to bomber-trainers. KhAl-5, Nyeman Wooden low-wing monoplane, a light reconaissance and attack aircraft. It entered production as the {R-10}. Kioni 5 Konyok Gorbunok Development of the Anatra {D}. 30 built. Used as trainer until replaced by the {U-2}. KM-2, Amtorg More capable development of the {GST}. The engines were ASh-82FN radials instead of M-87s. KOMTA Twin-engined bomber, one built. KOR-1, Beriev The KOR-1 was a small float biplane of metal construction. After a long and difficult development, it became the standard catapult aircraft for cruisers. There was also a landplane version. Type: KOR-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 750hp M-25 Wing Span: 11.0m Length: 8.67m Height: Wing Area: 29.3m2 Empty Weight: 1800kg Max.Weight: 2686kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 500km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm b100kg KOR-2, Beriev The KOR-2 was an elegant parasol-wing flying boat. A pylon on top of the fuselage carried an enormous radial engine, and the inverted gull wing. Production was interrupted by the German invasion of 1941, but later restarted. Type: KOR-2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 670kW Shvetsov M-62 Wing Span: 12m Length: 10.5m Height: 4.05m Wing Area: 25.5 m2 Empty Weight: 2055kg Max. Weight: 2760kg Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: 8100m Range: 950km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 300kg KOR-3, Beriev Three-seat, single-engined, catapult-launched seaplane. Not built. KOR-4, Beriev See {Be-8}. KOR-9, Beriev Planned development of the KOR-2 with a ASh-62 engine. Not built. KR-1 License-built German Heinkel {HD-55} biplane flying boat. KR-6, Tupolev Long-range escort fighter version of the {R-6} (ANT-7). KT, Antonov The idea behind the KT was to fit biplane wings and twin tailbooms to a five-ton tank. A prototype was built and flown using a turret-less tank. --L--------------------------------------------------------------------- L-29 Delfin, Aero The {L-29} was the standard trainer of the WarPac countries, a small jet aircraft with a straight wing. Over 2000 were delivered to the USSR. Production ended in 1973. Type: L-29 Function: trainer Year: 1963 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 890kg Motorlet M 701 VC-150 Speed: 655km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 895km L-39 Albatros, Aero The {L-39} was intended to be the standard trainer of WarPac countries, as successor to the {L-29}. There also is a single-seat attack version. After the breakup of the Warsaw pact, Russia no longer buys its jet trainers in Eastern Europe. Type: L-39 Function: trainer Year: 1972 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1720kg Ivchenko AI-25-TL Speed: 750km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 1750km Armament: La-5, Lavochkin After designing the {LaGG-1}, the three designers split. It soon became obvious that the only cure for the shortcomings of the {LaGG-3} was a new, more powerful engine, and that the best alternative was the M-82 radial. Lavochkin managed to modify the LaGG-3 to accept this engine, despite the lack of official support. The La-5 entered service in 1942. In its developed La-5FN version it was superior to the German fighters at low and medium altitudes. Its disadvantages were primitive equipment, a bounce-inducing undercarriage, and in the early stages very poor production quality. 9920 were built. Type: La-5FN Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1850hp Shvetsov ASh-82FN Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 8.60m Height: 2.54m Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: 2800kg Max. Weight: 3360kg Speed: 648km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: 775km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*b100kg La-7, Lavochkin Development of the {La-5}, incorporating changes recommended by the TsAGI to reduce drag. The La-7 also used an increased number of metal components, to reduce weight. The La-7 had excellent performance and handling, but its standard of equipment remained extremely austere. 5753 built. Type: La-7 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1850hp Shvetsov M-82FN Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 8.60m Height: Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: 2638kg Max.Weight: 3400kg Speed: 680km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: 990km Armament: 3*g20mm 200kg La-9, Lavochkin The La-9, alias La-130, was a development of the {La-126}. It looked similar to the {La-7}, but it had an entirely new all-metal construction. The big problem of the La-9 series was the continuing unavailability of new, more powerful engines, and it never reached its full potential. 1895 built. Type: La-9 Function: fighter Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Shevtsov ASh-82FN Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 8.62m Height: Wing Area: 17.72m2 Empty Weight: 2660kg Max.Weight: 3676kg Speed: 690km/h Ceiling: 11130m Range: 1735km Armament: 4*g23mm La-11, Lavochkin The La-11 was developed from the {La-9}, as a long-range escort fighter. It could carry wingtip tanks and had a reduced armament. The La-11 was used in combat during the Korean war. 1182 built. Type: La-11 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Shvetsov ASh-82FN Wing Span: 9.95m Length: 8.60m Height: Wing Area: 17.70m2 Empty Weight: 2770kg Max.Weight: 3995kg Speed: 690km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 2250km Armament: 3*g23mm La-15, Lavochkin 'Fantail' Swept-wing jet fighter, a less successful contemporary of the {MiG-15}. It was a development of the {La-172}, and initially known as the {La-174}D. About 500 were built, less than originally planned because of production problems. They were used until 1954. Type: La-15 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * RD-500 Wing Span: 8.83m Length: 9m Height: Wing Area: 173.95m2 Empty Weight: 2575kg Max.Weight: 3850kg Speed: 1026km/h Ceiling: 13760m Range: 1170km Armament: 2*g23mm La-17, Lavochkin Radio-controlled target drone. La-71, Lavochkin Version of the {La-7}?? La-120, Lavochkin Bureau designation of the {La-7}. La-126, Lavochkin All-metal fighter aircraft. Despite its similarity to the {La-7}, the La-126 was an all-new design, with a laminar-flow wing. It was the basis for the {La-9} fighter. Type: La-126 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1850hp Shvetsov M-82FN Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g20mm La-130, Lavochkin Bureau designation of the {La-9}. La-138, Lavochkin Version of the {La-9} with VRD-430 pulse jets slung under the wing. When they were not in use the drag was too high, and when they were in use the fuel consumption was too high. Some La-9RDs and {La-126}PVRDs were also built, with RD-13 pulse jets, and a {Yak-7}PVRD had DM-4 pulse jets. La-140, Lavochkin Bureau designation of the {La-11}. La-150, Lavochkin The first jet fighter of the Lavochkin bureau. The La-150 had a straight shoulder wing. The engine intake was in the nose, the engine outlet ended after the wing, below the tail, to reduce trust losses. The engine was a copy of the German Jumo 004, and was unsufficiently powerful. Five built. Type: La-150 Function: fighter Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 850kg RD-10 Wing Span: 8.20m Length: 9.42m Height: Wing Area: 12.15m2 Empty Weight: 2059kg Max.Weight: 2961kg Speed: 805km/h Ceiling: 12500m Range: 500km Armament: 2*g23mm La-152, Lavochkin Straight-ing jet fighter. The La-152 was a mid-wing aircraft, and its wing was also thinner than that of the {La-150}, although its design was initiated only a few months later. To avoid duct losses, the engine was placed in the extreme nose, with an exhaust under the wing trailing edge. Three built; the second and third prototypes were known as {La-154} and {La-156}. Type: La-152 Function: fighter Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 900kg RD-10 Wing Span: 8.20m Length: 9.12m Height: Wing Area: 12.15m2 Empty Weight: 2310kg Max.Weight: Speed: 778km/h Ceiling: Range: 492km Armament: 2*g23mm La-154, Lavochkin The second {La-152}. Differences between La-152, -154 and -156 were minor. The La-154 had a Lyulka TR-1 engine, but was never flown. La-156, Lavochkin The third {La-152}. Differences between La-152, -154 and -156 were minor. The La-156 had an afterburning RD-10F engine which was 30% more powerful than that of the La-152. La-160, Lavochkin The La-160 was a swept-wing development of the {La-152}. It was the first swept-wing Soviet fighter. Used mainly for research, because the aircraft was too small to carry much fuel or armament. Type: La-160 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1170kg RD-10F Wing Span: 8.95m Length: 10.07m Height: Wing Area: 15.90m2 Empty Weight: 2738kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1060km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g37mm La-168, Lavochkin The La-168 had an high-set, swept wing. In contrast with the {La-152} / {La-160} / {La-174TK} series, the engine was behind the pilot, with an exhaust nozzle at the extreme tail. It was designed around the newly-acquired R.R. Nene engine, but lost to the competing {MiG-15}. Type: La-168 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2270kg R.R. Nene Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 10.56m Height: Wing Area: 18.08m2 Empty Weight: 2973kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1084km/h Ceiling: Range: 1275km Armament: 2*g23mm 1*g37mm La-172, Lavochkin The La-172 was essentially lighter, smaller {La-186}, with the less powerful R.R. Derwent engine. It was intended as a 'frontal fighter', rather than as an interceptor. One built. Type: La-172 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1600kg NII-1 Wing Span: 8.83m Length: 9.56m Height: Wing Area: 16.16m2 Empty Weight: 2433kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1040km Ceiling: Range: 1300km Armament: 3*g23mm La-174D, Lavochkin Prototype of the {La-15}, similar to the {La-168} but smaller. La-174TK, Lavochkin The La-174TK was developed in parallel to the {La-172}. It reverted to the configuration of the {La-152} and had very thin, unswept wings. Performance was inferior than that of the La-172, and the development was discontinued. One built. Type: La-174TK Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1600kg NII-1 Wing Span: 8.64m Length: 9.41m Height: Wing Area: 13.52m2 Empty Weight: 2310kg Max.Weight: Speed: 965km/h Ceiling: Range: 960km Armament: 3*g23mm La-176, Lavochkin The La-176 was a swept-wing fighter similar to the {La-168}, but with increased wing sweep and the more powerful VK-1 engine. It was the first Soviet aircraft to exceed Mach 1 in a dive. One built, development was abandoned after the loss of the prototype in a fatal crash. Type: La-176 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2700kg Klimov VK-1 Wing Span: 8.59m Length: 10.97m Height: Wing Area: 18.25m2 Empty Weight: 3111kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1010km/h Ceiling: Range: 1000km Armament: La-180, Lavochkin Factory designation of the La-15UTI two-seat trainer version of the {La-15}. Only two built. La-190, Lavochkin The La-190 was designed as an high-speed fighter. At had a highly swept, tapering wing, and a sleek fuselage with a nose intake. A small radome was installed in the upper lip of the intake. One built, only flown eight times, because the engine was unreliable. Type: La-190 Function: fighter Year: 1951 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4600kg Lyulka AL-5 Wing Span: 9.90m Length: 16.35m Height: Wing Area: 38.93m2 Empty Weight: 7315kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1190km/h Ceiling: 15600m Range: 1150km Armament: 2*g37mm La-200, Lavochkin All-wheater fighter. The two VK-1 engines were placed behind each other in the fuselage, to reduce drag; the foremost engine's exhaust nozzle being under the wing. This was one way of fitting two bulky centrifugal jet engines in a low-drag configuration. Production was envisaged but later cancelled in favour of fighters with a longer range. A extensively modified La-200B was built to fulfill the new requirement, but preference was given to the {Yak-25}. Several nose intake configurations were tried out. Type: La-200 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2700kg Klimov VK-1 Wing Span: 12.92m Length: 16.59m Height: Wing Area: 40.18m2 Empty Weight: 7090kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1062km/h Ceiling: 14125m Range: 1165km Armament: 3*g37mm Type: La-200B Function: fighter Year: 1952 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 3100kg Klimov VK-1 Wing Span: 12.96m Length: 17.32m Height: Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: 8810kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1030km/h Ceiling: Range: 2800km Armament: 3*g37mm La-250, Lavochkin The La-250 was a delta winged all-wheater interceptor. It was an enormous aircraft, designed to fly long-range missions at high altitude, armed with two large missiles. Only three were built. Type: La-250 Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 9000kg Lyulka AL-7F Wing Span: 13.90m Length: 25.60m Height: Wing Area: 80.00m2 Empty Weight: 15000kg Max.Weight: Speed: 2000km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: Armament: LaG-5, Gorbunov This was Gorbunov's attempt at reengining the {LaGG-3} with the ASh-82 radial engine. (There were large stocks of this engine, hence the choice of the trio for it.) The LaG-5 was accepted, but never entered production, because the {La-5} was superior. Type: LaG-5 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700hp Shvetsov M-82 Speed: 554km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: Armament: 2*g20mm LaGG-1, Lavochkin, Gorbunov and Goudkov Monoplane fighter, a small aircraft designed around the M-105 engine. The LaGG-1 was built from plastic-impregnated wood. The carefully-built, well-polished prototype had, after some modifications, a relatively good performance; the heavier, poorly-built production aircraft had bad performance and dangerous flying characteristics. Type: LaGG-1 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Klimov M-105P Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 8.81m Height: 4.40m Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: 2968kg Max.Weight: 3380kg Speed: 600km/h Ceiling: 9600m Range: 660km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm LaGG-3, Lavochkin, Gorbunov and Goudkov Refined {LaGG-1}, with palliatives introduced to cure the worst faults of the LaGG-1. The LaGG-3 had outer wings with slats and balanced tail surfaces, was lighter, and later also had a more powerful engine. It still was disliked intensely by its pilots. Production problems continued, some factories delivering unairworthy aircraft. Series production aircraft were up to 40km/h slower than those tested by the VVS, so the numbers given are optimistic... Development resulted in 21 major versions, all simply called LaGG-3. 6258 built. Type: LaGG-3 series 4 to 7 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Klimov M-105PA Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 8.81m Height: 4.40m Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: 2620kg Max.Weight: 3150kg Speed: 549km/h Ceiling: 9300m Range: 870km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm Lebed VII A copy of the Sopwith {Tabloid} with a 80hp Gnome engine. Lebed X The Lebed X biplane was built as a single-seat fighter and two-seat reconaissance aircraft. It was underpowered. Prototypes only. Type: Lebed X Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 7.00m Height: Wing Area: 29.00m2 Empty Weight: 415kg Max.Weight: Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg Lebed XI Precursor of the Lebed 12. Only 10 built. Type: Lebed XI Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Salmson Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: Armament: 2*mg b90kg Lebed XII Two-seat reconaissance biplane, developed from the German Albatros. 214 built. Type: Lebed 12 Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150hp Salmson Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Lebed XIV Bomber; the prototype was never flown. Type: Lebed XIV Function: Year: 1915 Crew: 4 Engines: 2* Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Li-2, Lisunov 'Cab' Soviet-built {C-47} / DC-3. Over 2800 were built. Li-3, Lisunov Designation given to {Li-2}s that were fitted with US-built engines in Yugoslavia. LK-2, Grokhovskii Two-seat, twin-engined heavy fighter. The G-38 was virtually a flying wing, with two slender tail booms carrying a taiplane. The cockpit was faired into the wing. The LK-2 was built, but not flown. Type: LK-2 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 900hp Gnome-Rhone 14K Wing Span: 13.40m Length: 8.80m Height: Wing Area: 32m2 Empty Weight: 2200kg Max.Weight: Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: Armament: 2*g20mm 6*mg7.62mm LK-3, Grigorovich Design for a twin-engined, heavily armed attack aircraft. Not built. 1935. LL, Tsybin Research aircraft with forward swept wings. The LL had a streamlined fuselage, like the Bell {X-1}, and swept tail surfaces. It seems to have been intended to fit it with a rocket engine, but it is not sure whether this was ever done. LL, Kurchewski-Lavochkin A fast single-seat fighter. The cocpit was flush with the top of the fuselage, and the pilot was provided with a periscope! The air force critisized this design feature rather sharply. The project was cancelled later. LL-143, Beriev See {Be-6}. LR, Kotsjerigin Light reconaissance biplane, a development of the {R-5}. The {R-Z} was preferred. Type: LR Function: reconaissance Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 800hp M-34 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg b200kg LS, TsAGI Streamlined, twin-boom glider, built to test a laminar flow wing profile. Lost on its first flight. One built. Type: LS Function: experimental Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Wing Span: 14.90m Length: 10.39m Height: Wing Area: Speed: Ceiling: Range: LSh, Grigorovich Light attack aircraft, one of the aircraft designed in a detained design bureau. It used many parts of the {R-5}, with reinforcements and the addition of armour. The LSh was discontinued in favour of the {TSh-1}. Type: LSh Function: attack Year: 1930 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 680hp M-17 Wing Span: 15.45m Length: 10.40m Height: Wing Area: 51.2m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 6*mg7.62mm --M--------------------------------------------------------------------- M-1, Grigorovich The M-1 was developed from the French {Donnet-Leveque 1912} flying boat. It was a mixed-construction biplane with a pusher engine. One built. Type: M-1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1913 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 50hp Gnome Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 7.40m Height: Wing Area: 18.2m2 Empty Weight: 420kg Max.Weight: 620kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: M-2, Grigorovich Development of the {M-1}. The M-2 was larger, more powerful and aerodynamically cleaned up. A small series was built. Type: M-2 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Wing Span: 13.68m Length: 8.0m Height: Wing Area: 33.5m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 870kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: M-3, Grigorovich Development of the {M-2} with a new wing. The M-3 was rejected because it wasn't seaworthy. M-4, Grigorovich Development of the {M-2}. A few were built. 1915. M-4, Myasichew 'Bison' Four-engined, swept-wing jet bomber. The engines were buried in the wing roots. An unusual feature was the tandem landing gear, with small stabilising wheels at the tips of the drooping wings, and a nosewheel leg which was extended at take-off to achieve the correct angle of incidence. It is said that Tupolev selected turboprop engines for the competing {Tu-95} bomber because he knew that the required range of 14000km could not be achieved with jet engines. The M-4, called 2M by the air force, indeed fell far below requirements. Myasichew developed a version known as the 3M, with new engines, a larger wing, and a new nose. However, the ICBM replaced the missile as delivery vehicle for nuclear weapons, and both the 2M and 3M were converted to tankers. Type: M-4 'Bison-A' Function: bomber Year: 1955 Crew: 8 Engines: 4 * 8700kg Mikulin AM-3D Wing Span: 50.53m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 900km Ceiling: 13000m Range: 11000km Armament: 10*g23mm 10000kg Type: 3M 'Bison-B' Function: bomber Year: 1956 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 24250lb VD-7 Wing Span: 53.14m Length: 48.76m Height: Wing Area: 350.1m2 Empty Weight: 74430kg Max.Weight: 203000kg Speed: 940km/h Ceiling: 14900m Range: Armament: 24000kg M-5, Grigorovich Biplane flying boat. It was a development of the {M-4}. About 300 were built, and saw service in WWI and in the civil war. Type: M-5 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Wing Span: 13.62m Length: 8.60m Height: Wing Area: 37.90m2 Empty Weight: 660kg Max.Weight: 960kg Speed: 105km/h Ceiling: 3300m Range: 4hrs Armament: 1*mg7.62mm M-6, Grigorovich Version of the {M-5} with a 150hp Sunbeam engine. M-6, Myasichew 'Bison' Renamed 3M. See {M-4}. M-6, Tupolev Naval version of the {R-6}, with floats. M-7, Grigorovich Development of the {M-5}. M-8, Grigorovich Development of the {M-5}. M-9, Grigorovich Biplane flying boat, on the same lines as the {M-5} series, but again larger, more powerful, and with a redesigned hull shape. The M-9 was an excellent aircraft, very seaworthy and suitable for air combat. About 500 were built, with several alternative engines. Type: M-9 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150hp Salmson Wing Span: 16.00m Length: 9.0m Height: Wing Area: 54.8m2 Empty Weight: 1600kg Max.Weight: 1610kg Speed: 105km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 5hrs Armament: 1*mg7.7mm, 7.5mm, 20mm, or 37mm M-10, Grigorovich Small flying boat. M-10, Beriev See {Be-10}. M-11, Grigorovich Biplane flying boat fighter. The M-11 was a simple aircraft with a psuher engine. There were two-seat and single-seat versions. The two-seaters were used only as trainers, but the single-seaters were claimed to be the fastest flying boat fighters in the world. The M-11 could also be operated on skies, for frozen lakes. It was not entirely successful, and only about 60 were built. Type: M-11 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Rhone Wing Span: 8.75m Length: 7.60m Height: Wing Area: 26.00m2 Empty Weight: 676kg Max.Weight: 926kg Speed: 148km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.7hrs Armament: 1*mg7.62mm M-12, Beriev AV-MF designation of the {Be-12}. M-12, Grigorovich Development of the {M-11}. The hull was redesigned to improve its hydrodynamics, and the structure was made lighter. Performance was substantially improved. Only a few were built, and few were actually used as fighters. Type: M-12 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 8.75m Length: 7.60m Height: Wing Area: 26.00m2 Empty Weight: 620kg Max.Weight: 870kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.7hrs Armament: 1*mg7.62mm M-15, Grigorovich Biplane flying boat with a pusher engine, designed as a long- range reconaissance aircraft. It could also operate on skis. About 80 were built. Type: M-15 Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 140hp Hispano-Suiza Wing Span: 11.9m Length: 8.4m Height: Wing Area: 34.4m2 Empty Weight: 840kg Max.Weight: 1320kg Speed: 125km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 5.5hrs Armament: M-16, Grigorovich Two-sear reconaissance aircraft. Unlike other Grigorovich designs, this was not a flying boat. It was a pusher biplane, optimized for operation on skis. Type: M-16 Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150hp Salmson Wing Span: 18.0m Length: 8.6m Height: Wing Area: 61.8m2 Empty Weight: 1100kg Max.Weight: 1450kg Speed: 110km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: M-17, Grigorovich Unbuilt development of the {M-5}. M-17, Myasichev 'Mystic' An high-altitude aircraft with an high-aspect ratio {U-2} like wing and twin tail booms. The obvious role is reconaissance, but the M-17 was in fact designed to hunt reconnaissance balloons --- in the '50s and also in the '80s, the US used high-altitude balloons for recce missions over the USSR. The later {M-55} or M-17RM was twin-engined and optimized for reconnaissance. A two-seat version is under development and will enter service in 1997. Type: M-17 'Mystic-A' Function: balloon interceptor Year: 1978 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 117.7kN Koliesev RD-36-51V Wing Span: 40.32m Length: 22.27m Height: 4.87m Wing Area: 137.7m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 18400kg Speed: 743km/h Ceiling: 21550m Range: 1315km Armament: 1*g23mm Type: M-17RM Function: reconaissance Year: 1988 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 49kN PS-30V12 Wing Span: 37.46m Length: 22.87m Height: 4.80m Wing Area: 131.6m2 Empty Weight: 14000kg Max.Weight: 23800kg Speed: 750km/h Ceiling: 20000m Range: 4965km Load: 1500kg M-19, Grigorovich Unbuilt development of the {M-5}. M-20, Grigorovich Version of the {M-5} with a 120hp Le Rhone engine. M-23bis, Grigorovich Refined version of the {M-9}. Work began in 1917, but it was completed in 1923. M-24, Grigorovich Biplane flying boat. It was based on the obsolete {M-9} design, with a more powerful engine. The M-24bis was redesigned to eliminate structural defects. 60 built. Type: M-24bis Function: reconaissance Year: 1923 Crew: Engines: 1 * 194kW Renault V-8 Wing Span: 16.00m Length: 9.00m Height: Wing Area: 55m2 Empty Weight: 1200kg Max.Weight: 4000kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 100kg M-50, Myasichew 'Bounder' One writer commented on the M-50 that it was "an outstanding failure which revealed an embarassing lack of understanding of the problems of high-speed flight." The truth is that little is known about the 'Bounder'. It was a fast jet bomber with four engines, two under the wing and two on the tips of its truncated delta wing. The intended engines were not available, so the M-50 became a technology demonstrator for the {M-52}. Type: M-50 Function: bomber Year: 1960 Crew: Engines: 4 * 93.16kN Dobrynin VD-7BA Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: M0.99 Ceiling: Range: Armament: M-52, Myasichew 'Bounder' Second prototype of the {M-50}. The engine installation was modified, and a second tailplane added to the top of the fin. Type: Function: Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * 166.70kN Zubets RD16-17 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: M-55, Myasichew 'Mystic' Factory designation for the twin-engined version of the {M-17}, known as M-17RM to the military. M-62, Bartini See {VVA-14}. M-201, Myasichew Version of the {M-4}. MAI-3, Grushin See {Sh-Tandem}. MB, Mosca Monoplane reconaissance fighter, designed by the Italian Mosca. More than 50 were built of the MB bis single-seat fighter version; the original MB was a two-seat reconaissance aircraft. Type: MB bis Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 7.90m Length: 6.10m Height: Wing Area: 12.00m2 Empty Weight: 322kg Max.Weight: 487kg Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg MBR-2, Beriev Monoplane flying boat, a shoulder-wing aircarft with a pusher engine on high struts. Approx 1400 were built. Later models switched to the 830hp Mikulin AM-34N engine, and had enclosed crew positions. The MBR-2 was used until the end of WWII. Type: MBR-2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1933 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 1 * 680hp M-17 Wing Span: 19m Length: 13.5m Height: Wing Area: 55m2 Empty Weight: 2475kg Max Weight: 4100kg Speed: 248km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1200km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm b300kg MBR-4, Savoia-Marchetti This was the Italian Sovoia-Marchetti {S.62} biplane flying boat. 24 were bought, and 29 more were licence-built in Taganrog. Some modifications were designed by Beriev. Type: MBR-4 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1931 Crew: Engines: 1 * 750hp Isotta-Fraschini Asso Wing Span: 16.6m Length: 12.26m Height: Wing Area: 69.52m2 Empty Weight: 2480kg Max.Weight: 4300kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: 900km Armament: MBR-7, Beriev Replacement for the {MBR-2}. It was generally similar, but redesigned. It was not put in production. Type: MBR-7 Function: reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 950hp M-103 Wing Span: 13.0m Length: 10.6m Height: Wing Area: 26m2 Empty Weight: 2418kg Max.Weight: 3600kg Speed: 377km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range:1215km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 500kg MDR-1, Grigorovich See {ROM-2}. MDR-2, Tupolev All-metal flying boat. No production. Type: MDR-2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1931 Crew: Engines: 2 * 650hp M)17 Speed: 217km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: MDR-3, Chetverikov Four-engined, long-range flying boat. The engines were installed in tandem pairs on top of the wing. The MDR-3 was a sound aircraft, but performance was insufficient. One built. Type: MDR-3 Function: maritime patrol Year: 1932 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 680hp BMW VI Wing Span: 32.20m Length: 21.90m Height: Wing Area: 153m2 Empty Weight: 8928kg Max.Weight: Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 2200m Range: 1600km Armament: 8*mg 500kg MDR-4, Tupolev Three-engined development of the {MDR-2}. 15 built. Type: MDR-4 Function: reconaissance Year: 1936 Crew: Engines: 3 * 950hp M-34R Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: MDR-5, Beriev Long-range patrol flying boat. The MDR-5 had a single-step boat hull, a shoulder wing, fixed stabilizing floats, and fore and aft gun turrets. The second prototype was completed as an amhpibian. It did not enter production, because the competing {MDR-6} was preferred. Type: MDR-5 Function: reconaissance Year: 1938 Crew: Engines: 2 * 950hp M-87A Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: Range: 1750km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm 1000kg MDR-6, Chetverikov See {Che-2}. MDR-7, Shavrov Design for a reconaissance flying boat. Abandoned. MF.7, Maurice Farman The {MF.7} was a French pusher biplane, a 1913 design with a rotary engine. It was popular with Russian crews, and in combat service until 1917. MI, Engels Seaplane fighter. The MI had a flying-boat fuselage. For stabilisation, the tips of the parasol wing were turned down and made waterthight. After delivery of two production aircraft, work was halted in September/October 1917. Three built. Type: MI Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 7.50m Height: Wing Area: 14.20m2 Empty Weight: 385kg Max.Weight: 555kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.62mm Mi-1, Mil 'Hare' Liaison and utility helicopter, also used for training. Several hundred built. Type: Mi-1 Function: liaison Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420kW Lyulka Al-26V Rotor Span: 14.3m Length: 12m Height: 3.3m Disc Area: 161.5m2 Empty Weight: 1760kg Max.Weight: 2550kg Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: Range: 650km Load: 3 seats Mi-2, Mil 'Hoplite' Replacement for the {Mi-1}. Production was undertaken in Poland. The Mi-2 was developed from the Mi-1 by fitting turbine engines on the cabin roof. Type: Mi-2 Function: utility Year: 1961 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 335kW Isotov GTD-350P Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 580km Load: 8 seats, 700kg MI-3, Tupolev Twin-engined multi-seat fighter. The MI-3 was an all-metal monoplane with retractable undercarriage, of stressed-skin construction with partial flush riveting. The engines were copies of the BMW VI. Only one MI-3 was built; after it was lost a redesign produced the MI-3D with a single tailfin. The {ANT-29} was then already the preferred aircraft, and the MI-3bis did not enter production. Type: MI-3 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 680hp M-17B Wing Span: 20.76m Length: 11.70m Height: Wing Area: 55.10m2 Empty Weight: 3670kg Max.Weight: 5500kg Speed: 359km/h Ceiling: Range: 1120km Armament: (1*g20mm 3*mg7.62mm) Type: MI-3D Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 680hp M-12B Wing Span: 20.76m Length: 12.30m Height: Wing Area: 55.10m2 Empty Weight: 3800kg Max.Weight: 5260kg Speed: 356km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g20mm 3*mg7.62mm Mi-4, Mil 'Hound' Utility helicopter, replacing the {Mi-1}. The design of the Mi-4 was triggered by the use of helicopters of the US forces in Korea. About 3500 built. Type: Mi-4 Function: transport Year: 1952 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1700hp Shvetsov ASh-82V Rotor Span: 21m Length: 25.02m Height: 5.18m Disc Area: 346m2 Empty Weight: 5390kg Max.Weight: 7800kg Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 400km Armament: Mi-6, Mil 'Hook' The Mi-6 is a big, powerful transport helicopter. Getting this large vehicle in the air was no easy task; the Mi-6 has an enormous gearbox, heavier than its engines, and often uses short wings to unload the rotor in cruise. It was not only for a long time the largest helicopter, it was also the fastest. Type: Mi-6 Function: transport Year: 1957 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 5500hp Soloviev D-25V Rotor Span: 35m Length: 41.74m Height: 9.86m Disc Area: 962.11m2 Empty Weight: 27240kg Max.Weight: 42500kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 650km Load: 12000kg Mi-8, Mil 'Hip' The standard medium transport helicopter of the Soviet and many WarPac forces. The Mi-8 / {Mi-14} / {Mi-17} family is the world's most produced helicopter design. It is a roomy twin-turbine helicopter with a five-bladed main rotor. Type: Mi-8 Function: transport Year: 1962 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 2 * 1700hp Isotov TV2-117A Rotor Span: 21.29m Length: Height: 5.65m Disc Area: 356m2 Empty Weight: 7260kg Max.Weight: 12000kg Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 1200km Load: 4000kg Mi-9, Mil 'Hip' The Mi-9 'Hip-G' is a development of the {Mi-8}VZPU 'Hip-D' airborne command post. Mi-10, Mil 'Harke' Crane helicopter, built in long-legged and short-legged versions. Developed from the {Mi-6}, with a new, shallow fuselage. Type: Mi-10K Function: crane helicopter Year: 1964 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 5500hp Soloviev D-25V Rotor Span: 35m Length: 41.89m Height: 7.80m Wing Area: 962.11m2 Empty Weight: 24860kg Max.Weight: 38000kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 250km Load: 15000kg Mi-12, Mil 'Homer' The Mi-12 was the largest helicopter in the world. Two outriggers each carried two engines and a rotor. It set records, but never entered service. Two built. Type: Mi-12 Function: transport Year: 1969 Crew: Engines: 4 * 4780kW Soloviev D-25V Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 500km Load: 40000kg Mi-14, Mil 'Haze' Shore-based, navalized version of the {Mi-8} 'Hip' with a float bottom and ASW equipment. There are alsa SAR and mine-sweeping versions. Type: Mi-14PL 'Haze-A' Function: ASW Year: 1978 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1640kW Isotov TV3-117 Rotor Span: 21.20m Length: 25.3m Height: Disc Area: 356m2 Empty Weight: 9000kg Max.Weight: 14000kg Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 1135km Armament: 3000kg Mi-17, Mil 'Hip' Improved {Mi-8}, with more powerful engines for 'hot and high' conditions. The designation Mi-17 is for export; the USSR armed forces called it Mi-8MT or VT. The Mi-17 can be recognized because it has the tail rotor at the starboard side, instead of the port side. Type: Mi-17 'Hip-H' Function: utility Year: 1980 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1950hp Isotov TV3-117VM Rotor Span: 21.2m Length: 25.3m Height: 4.70m Disc Area: 365m2 Empty Weight: 7100kg Max.Weight: 13000kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 495km Load: 4000kg or 24 seats Mi-18, Mil This designation was used first for a version of the {Mi-8} with the propulsion systems of the {Mi-14}. It was soon renamed Mi-17. Mi-18, Mil The second Mi-18 was another development of the {Mi-8}. The fuselage was made longer, so that it could carry 24 troops. Only two prototypes were built. After a review of requirements production plans were abandoned. Type: Mi-18 Function: utility Year: 1980 Crew: Engines: 2 * TV3-117MV Rotor Span: Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: 5000kg, 24 seats Mi-22, Mil 'Hook-C' The 'Hook-C' is a development of the {Mi-6}VKP 'Hook-B' airborne command post. Mi-24, Mil 'Hind' The Mi-24 is an assault helicopter, carrying a large weapons load, but also capable of transporting up to eight troops. Its size may have been a consequence of the selection of the {Mi-8}'s propulsion system, and is disadvantagous in combat. It saw extensive service in Afghanistan and has also been exported to many countries. Type: Mi-24D 'Hind-E' Function: attack Year: 1978 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2200hp Isotov TV3-117 Rotor Span: 17.30m Length: 21.5m Height: 3.90m Disc Area: 235m2 Empty Weight: 8200kg Max.Weight: 12000kg Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: 4570m Range: Armament: 1*g23mm or 1*g12.7mm; 1275kg Mi-25, Mil 'Hind' Export version of the {Mi-24}. Mi-26, Mil 'Halo' The Mi-26 is now the world's largest transport helicopter. The Mi-26 is a straightforward extension of the {Mi-6} series, but able to carry 66% more weight. Type: Mi-26T Function: transport Year: 1985 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 11240hp Lotarev D-136 Speed: 295km/h Ceiling: 4600m Range: 800km Load: 70 seats, 20000kg Mi-28, Mil 'Havoc' A two-seat attack helicopter, smaller than the {Mi-24} and better optimized for the anti-tank role. The Mi-28 has two heavily armoured cockpits, a remarkable nose full with electronic equipment, and a narrow-X tail rotor. The competing {Ka-50} seems to have been selected by the Russian forces. Type: Mi-28 Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2200hp Isotov Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 5800m Range: Armament: Mi-30, Mil Experimental tilt-wing design. Mi-32, Mil Development of {Mi-30}. Mi-35, Mil 'Hind' An export version of the {Mi-24} with slightly downgraded electronic equipment. MiG-1, Mikoyan-Gurevich This was the first of a distinguished line; but it was an unauspicious start. The MiG-1 was the smallest fighter that could be built around the AM-35 engine, that was 25% heavier than comparable western engines. Nevertheless it was a good high-altitude interceptor, but its career was cut short because the USSR concentrated on low- and medium altitude fighters, and Mikulin dropped the AM-35 engine to concentrate on the AM-38 for the {Il-2}. Type: MiG-1 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Mikulin AM-35A Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 8.16m Height: 2.62m Wing Area: 17.44m2 Empty Weight: 2602kg Max.Weight: 3099kg Speed: 628km/h Ceiling: 120000m Range: 730km Armament: 3*mg b200kg MiG-3, Mikoyan-Gurevich Development of the {MiG-1} with only minor differences, mostly palliative measures to cure the least desirable characteristics of the MiG-1. 3422 MiG-1's and MiG-3's were built. The designation MiG-3U was used for the {I-230}. Type: MiG-3 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1350hp Mikulin AM-35A Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 8.26m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 17.44m2 Empty Weight: 2595kg Max.Weight: 3350kg Speed: 640km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 1250km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm MiG-5, Mikoyan-Gurevich Designation given to a possible production version of the {DIS}. Often confused with the {I-211}. MiG-7, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {I-222}. MiG-8, Mikoyan-Gurevich Aerodynamic research vehicle. The MiG-8 was a small aircraft with a pusher engine, high-set swept wings, and canard foreplances on a sharply tapering 'nose-boom'. It was very un-MiG like. 1945. MiG-9, Mikoyan-Gurevich This designation was used briefly for a proposed production version of the {I-210}. MiG-9, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Fargo' The MiG-9 was the first jet fighter of the design bureau. It was an orthodox design with a straight wing and a nose intake. Performance and handling suffered because of the primitive engines, copies of the German BMW 003. 550 built. Type: MiG-9F Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 800kg RD-20F Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 9.75m Height: Wing Area: 18.20m2 Empty Weight: 3540kg Max.Weight: 5500kg Speed: 910km/h Ceiling: 13000m Range: 1100km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g23mm MiG-13, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {I-250}. MiG-15, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Fagot' / 'Midget' The MiG-15 was an unpleasant surprise to the West when it appeared over Korea. It had serious shortcomings in handling, equipment and armament, but its performance was superior to that of any Western fighter. The configuration, with the high-set swept wing, high tailplane and nose intake may have been inspired by the German {Ta-183} design; the engine was a copy of the Rolls-Royce Nene. 'Midget' was the trainer version. The MiG-15 is the most built jet fighter, with over 18000 produced. Type: MiG-15bis Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2700kg Klimov VK-1 Wing Span: 10.08m Length: 10.86m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 20.60m2 Empty Weight: 3681kg Max.Weight: 6045kg Speed: 1075km/h Ceiling: 15500m Range: 1860km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g23mm 500kg MiG-17, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Fresco' This was a thoroughly redesigned {MiG-15}, with a redesigned aft fuselage and a new wing. The MiG-17 was built in large numbers; production was also undertaken in Poland, China and Czechoslovakia. The aircraft was used by at least 22 countries. Type: MiG-17F 'Fresco-C' Function: fighter Year: 1954 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3380kg Klimov VK-1F Speed: 1145km/h Ceiling: 15100m Range: 1470km Wing Span: 9.63m Length: 11.26m Height: Wing Area: 22.60m2 Empty Weight: 3930kg Max.Weight: 6075kg Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g23mm b500kg MiG-19, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Farmer' The MiG-19 was the USSR's first supersonic fighter. The highly-swept, thin, sharply tapering wing was a remarkable characteristic. The MiG-19 proved to be a capable and sturdy combat aircraft, maneuvrable and armed with powerful 30mm guns. The MiG-19S was a simply fair- weather fighter, but the MiG-19P had limited all-weather capability. China is still building developments, and allegedly completed over 4000, which would be about twice as many as the USSR built. Type: MiG-19SF Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 3300kg Tumanski RD-9BF Wing Span: 9.20m Length: 12.60m Height: 3.88m Wing Area: 25m2 Empty Weight: 5760kg Max.Weight: 9100kg Speed: 1450km/h Ceiling: 17900m Range: Armament: 3*g30mm b500kg MiG-21, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Fishbed' / 'Mongol' This tailed-delta fighter was in production for more than twenty years, and the final production aircraft were very different from the initial version. The early MiG-21Fs were simple good-weather interceptors with only a ranging radar, inadequately armed and with a very short operational range. The MiG-21P(F) introduced a limited all-weather capability, with a longer shock cone in the nose intake for a more powerful radar, a bigger fuselage spine. The second generation MiG-21M had a new engine and an again enlarged fuselage spine, containing additional fuel. The third generation MiG-21bis introduced yet another engine and a new avionics upgrade. The MiG-21U 'Mongol' is the trainer version. Recently a series of upgrades of MiG-21s has begun, usually with Western electronics. India did build MiG-21s until 1987; China still builds MiG-21s, exporting them with the {F-7} designation. Over 10,000 must have been built. Type: MiG-21F 'Fishbed-C' Function: fighter Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 5740kg R11F-300 Wing Span: 7.15m Length: 13.46m Height: 4.10m Wing Area: 23.00m2 Empty Weight: 4980kg Max. Weight: 8625kg Speed: 2175km/h Ceiling: Range: 2030km Armament: 1*g23mm, 2 missiles Type: MiG-21MF 'Fishbed-J' Function: fighter Year: 1970 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 6600kg Tumanski R-13-300 Wing Span: 7.15m Length: 15.76m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 23.0m2 Empty Weight: 5842kg Max. Weight: 9400kg Speed: 2230km/h Ceiling: 15250m Range: 1800km Armament: 1*g23mm 2500kg Type: MiG-21bis 'Fishbed-N' Function: fighter Year: 1972 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 61.3kN Tumanski R-25 Wing Span: 7.15m Length: 14.70m Height: Wing Area: 23.00m2 Empty Weight: Max. Weight: Speed: 2230km/h Ceiling: 17980m Range: Armament: 1*g23mm 1500kg MiG-23, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Flogger' The MiG-23 is a compact fighter with variable sweep wings, which combines good performance with the ability to operate from small and rough airfields. It was developed in parallel with the MiG-23PD (which to see). The first production series was the MiG-23S, powered by a R-27 engine. The true production model was the MiG-23M, substantially redesigned and powered by an R-29 engine, later replaced by the R-35. The MiG-23 was a capable fighter but lacked a look-down, shoot-down capability. Over 5800 were built. This includes the MiG-23BN ground attack version. A more specialized ground attack version was the {MiG-27}. Type: MiG-23S Function: fighter Year: 1969 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 10000kg Khachaturov R-27M-300 Wing Span: 13.96m / 7.78m Length: 16.70m Height: Wing Area: 32.10m2 / 29.89m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 1280km/h Ceiling: Range: 1800km Armament: Type: MiG-23MF 'Flogger-B' Function: fighter Year: 1974 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 12500kg Tumanski R-29B Wing Span: 14.25m/8.17m Length: 16.80m Height: 4.35m Wing Area: 28m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 20100kg Speed: 2445km/h Ceiling: 18600m Range: 1300km Armament: 1*g23mm MiG-23PD, Mikoyan-Gurevich The MiG-23PD was developed in parallel with the {MiG-23}S. The MiG-23PD used a tailed delta configuration with lift engines in the forward fuselage, the MiG-23S had variable geometry wings. The MiG-23S was preferred, and only one MiG-23PD was built. Type: MiG-23PD Function: fighter Year: 1967 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7800kg Khachaturov R-27-300 2 * 2350kg Koliesov RD-36-35 Wing Span: 7.72m Length: 16.80m Height: 5.15m Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 18500kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g23mm MiG-25, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Foxbat' This was the USSR's answer to the design in the US of fast, high- flying aircraft as the {B-70}, {F-108} and S{R-71}. The MiG-25 lacked technological refinement, but its performance caused much concern in the west. It was designed to function both as long- range interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft. The center fuselage is a big, welded steel fuel tank, so avionics, radar or cameras are in the nose. Speed is limited to Mach 2.83 mainly by controllability problems. Main versions are the Mig-25P fighter, the upgraded MiG-25PD fighter, the MiG-25R reconnaissance aircraft, the MiG-25RB 'Foxbat-B' dual-role reconnaissance aircraft and tactical bomber, and the MiG-25BM 'Foxbat-F'defence suppression aircraft. There are two-seat trainer versions of both the fighter and the reconnaissance version. Production of the fighter ended in 1983. The MiG-25 saw combat in several wars in the Middle East. Over 1200 have been built, of which about 75% were interceptors. Type: MiG-25PD Foxbat-E Function: fighter Year: 1978 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 11200kg Tumansky R-15D-300 Wing Span: 14.02m Length: 21.67m Height: 6.50m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 36720kg Speed: 3000km/h at 13000m, 1200km/h at S/L Ceiling: 20700m Range: 1730km Armament: 4 missiles Type: MiG-25RB Foxbat-B Function: reconaissance / attack Year: 1970 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 10210kg Tumansky R-15B-300 Wing Span: 13.42m Length: 21.55m Height: 6.5m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 20755 Max.Weight: 41200kg Speed: 3000km/h at 13000m Ceiling: 23000m Range: 2900km Armament: bombs 4000kg MiG-27, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Flogger' This is a version of the {MiG-23} optimized for the ground attack role, with a new nose, simpler engine intakes and nozzle, and other changes. These limit supersonic performance, but reduce cost, weight and fuel consumption. Type: MiG-27M 'Flogger-J' Function: attack Year: 1973 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 11500kg Tumanski R-29-300 Wing Span: 14.25m/8.17m Length: 16.00m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 27.25m2 Empty Weight: 10790kg Max.Weight: 20100kg Speed: 1700km/h Ceiling: 17000m Range: Armament: 1*g23mm 4000kg MiG-29, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Fulcrum' A medium-sized air superiority fighter. 'Fulcrum' is an impressive aircraft, with good performance, armament and maneuvrability, and the ability to use rough airfields. Range is a weak point, and later versions are modified to carry more fuel. A navalized version has also been flown, but did not enter service. The Russian air force prefers the larger {Su-27} and its derivatives, but the development of more advanced versions has been funded. Over 2000 have been built. Type: MiG-29 'Fulcrum-A' Function: fighter Year: 1985 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 81.4kN Klimov (Isotov) RD-33 Wing Span: 11.36m Length: 17.32m Height: 4.73m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 11000kg Max.Weight: 18500kg Speed: Mach 2.3 Ceiling: 18000m Range: 2100km Armament: 1*g30mm MiG-31, Mikoyan 'Foxhound' The MiG-31 long-range interceptor was developed from the {MiG-25}. The two-seat MiG-31 fighter has more capable equipment, including the powerful 'Zaslon' phased array radar with a range of 200km. It is claimed that an unit of MiG-31 can link their radars together, to establish a search pattern -- covering a width of 800-900km with four aircraft, spaced at 200km. Type: MiG-31 Function: fighter Year: 1983 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 15500kg Soloviev D-30F-6 Wing Span: 13.46m Length: 22.67m Height: 6.1m Wing Area: 61.6m2 Empty Weight: 21825kg Max.Weight: 46200kg Speed: 3000km/h Ceiling: 20600m Range: 3000km Armament: 1*g30mm MiG-33, Mikoyan-Gurevich Reported designation for a {MiG-29} development now under test, with canard foreplanes and some degree of trust-vectoring. The MiG-33 seems to have been an experimental step in the development of the {MiG-35}. MiG-35, Mikoyan-Gurevich Development of the {MiG-29} with larger wings, canards, an upgraded cockpit, and thrust vectoring. The engines have been moved backwards to make more room for fuel in the fuselage. Expected to make its first flight in 1997. Type: MiG-35 Function: fighter Year: (1997?) Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 81.4kN Klimov RD-133 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 17.40m Height: 470m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 24000kg Speed: 2400km/h Ceiling: 17000m Range: 4000km Armament: 1*g30mm 5000kg MiG-AT, Mikoyan-Gurevich New basic jet trainer, selected to replace the {L-29} and {L-39}. The MiG-AT is more conventional than the Yak-130. It has a low-set, straight wing, with the engines installed over the wing roots, and a T-tail. Two prototypes are being built, and orders are hoped to exceed 1200. The MiG-AT has French engines, and is also being developed in cooperation with the South-Korean Daewoo. Type: MiG-AT Function: trainer Year: 1996 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * GRTS Larzac 04-R20 Wing Span: 10.6m Length: 11.15m Height: 4.27m Wing Area: 21.0m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 6800kg Speed: 850km/h Ceiling: Range: 1200km MK-1, Grigorovich The MK-1 was a large reconaissance flying boat. It featured a wooden fuselage, a high-set tail boom, and three tractor engines. It did not enter production. Type: MK-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 220hp Renault 1 * 150hp Salmson Wing Span: 30.0m Length: 16.5m Height: Wing Area: 165m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: MK-1, Tupolev Twin-hulled flying boat, inspired by the Italian Savoia {S.55}. Only one was built. Type: MK-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1934 Crew: 8 Engines: 6 * 830hp AM-34R Wing Span: 51m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 223km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g20mm 8*mg7.7mm 6000kg MK-1 Rybka, Korvin Single-seat fighter biplane. The MK-1 had a monocoque fuselage made from strips of birch. It was designed for floats, but only flew with wheels or skis. The MK-1 was a sound design, but it was considered to be already obsolescent. One built. Type: MK-1 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: Engines: 1 * 200hp Hispano-Suiza Wing Span: 7.20m Length: 6.59m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 21.50m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: MM, Grigorovich Minelaying version of the {ROM-1}. Not completed. 1928. MMN, Arkhangelsky The MMN was an improved version of the {SB}, with a new wing. The fuselage nose and engine nacelles were cleaned up. It remained a prototype, and continued development produced the {Ar-2}. Type: MMN Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1050hp M-105 Wing Span: 18.0m Length: 12.78m Height: Wing Area: 48.2m2 Empty Weight: 4820kg Max.Weight: Speed: 458km/h at 4200m Ceiling: 9000m Range: 760km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm MP, Polikarpov Motorised version of the {BDP-2} assault glider. Type: MP Function: assault transport Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 108kW M-11F Wing Span: 20m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 172km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: mg MPI, Polikarpov Cannon-armed multiseat fighter. Development of the {TsKB-44}. MPI-1, Polikarpov Cannon-armed multiseat fighter. Development of the {VIT-2}. MR-1, Polikarpov Floatplane version of the {R-1}. MR-2, Grigorovich Improved {MRL}. The airframe was cleaned up and a more powerful engine installed, but the performance improvement was outweighed by a size increase. It did not enter production. Type: MR-2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1926 Crew: Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich Wing Span: 15.6m Length: 13.6m Height: Wing Area: 56.7m2 Empty Weight: 1770kg Max.Weight: Speed: 179km/h Ceiling: 4200m Range: 900km Armament: MR-3, Grigorovich Development of the {MR-2} with a more powerful engine and a a metal hull instead of a wooden one. The MR-3bis reverted to a wooden hull of better shape. Neither was accepted for production. Type: MR-3 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1929 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 1 * 680hp BMW VI Wing Span: 15.60m Length: 11.40m Height: Wing Area: 52.0m2 Empty Weight: 2027kg Max.Weight: Speed: 194km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 750km Armament: 1*mg MR-5, Grigorovich Alternative designation for the {MR-3}. MR-5, Polikarpov Floatplane version of the {R-5}. MR-6, Tupolev Torpedo bomber version of the {R-6}. MRL, Grigorovich Flying boat, a biplane with a pusher engine in the Grigorovich tradition. It served as basis for the {MR-2}. Type: MRL Function: reconaissance Year: 1925 Crew: Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty 12 Wing Span: 13.2m Length: 10.6m Height: Wing Area: 50.0m2 Empty Weight: 1660kg Max.Weight: 2600kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 3050m Range: 950km Armament: MS-5, Beriev See {MDR-5}. MS-8, Beriev See {MBR-7}. MSh, Ilyushin Design for a single-seat attack aircraft with the engine behined the pilot. Not built. 1942. MT, Grigorovich Biplane torpedo-bomber version of the {ROM-1}. Cancelled. 1928. MTB-2, Tupolev Four-engined flying boat, first flown in 1937. MU-1, Dudakov-Konstatinov Floatplane version of the {U-1} ({Avro 504}K). 73 built. MU-2, Grigorovich Improved development of the {MUR-1}. The hull and tail were redesigned, and the engine changed. It did not enter production. Type: MU-2 Function: trainer Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Wing Span: 11.80m Length: 8.60m Height: Wing Area: 35.6m2 Empty Weight: 820kg Max.Weight: Speed: 136km/h Ceiling: 3150m Range: 380km MU-4, Michelson / Nikitin Biplane amphibian, intended as trainer. The {Scha-2} was preferred. Type: MU-4 Function: Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 165hp MG-11F Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: MUR-1, Grigorovich Flying boat, a conventional design with a pusher engine derived from the {M-5}. It was intended for training. A small series was built. Type: MUR-1 Function: trainer Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120hp M-2 Wing Span: 11.5m Length: 8.0m Height: Wing Area: 33.0m2 Empty Weight: 700kg Max.Weight: Speed: 129km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 360km MUR-2, Grigorovich Modified {MUR-1}, for research and development of planing bottoms for flying boats. Mya-4, Myasichew See {M-4}. --N--------------------------------------------------------------------- N-2, Antonov Ambulance version of the {Shs}, with room for two stretchers. NBB, Yakovlev Night bomber version of the {Yak-6}. NB(T), Polikarpov Streamlined, twin-engined bomber. First flew in juli 1944, the month of Polikarpov's death --- the NB(T) was abandoned, despite its promise. It was powered by two 1270kW ASh-82 radial engines, had a crew of five, and could fly at 515km/h. NM-1, Tsybin Technology demonstrator for the {RSR} project. The NM-1 was similar in layout but smaller, and had AM-5 engines on the wingtips. Type: NM-1 Function: experimental Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1000kg TRD AM-5 Wing Span: 10.8m Length: 26.6m Height: Wing Area: 64m2 Empty Weight: 7850kg Max.Weight: 9200kg Speed: 500km/h Ceiling: Range: --O--------------------------------------------------------------------- Omega, Bratukhin Experimental helicopter. The Omega had an aircraft-like fuselage and complex ouriggers that carried the engine nacelles and the two rotors. Tests were not entirely satisfactory. Type: Omega Function: experimental Year: 1941 Crew: Engines: 2 * 220hp MV-6 Span: 14.2m Length: Height: Disc Area: 76.96m2 Empty Weight: 1760kg Max.Weight: Speed: 116km/h Ceiling: Range: 250km Omega II, Bratukhin Modification of the {Omega} with improved engines and rotor drives, and stiffer outriggers. Flown successfully. Type: Omega II Function: experimental Year: 1944 Crew: Engines: 2 * 330hp MG-31F Span: 14.2m Length: Height: Disc Area: 76.96m2 Empty Weight: 1880kg Max.Weight: 2300kg Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: OKA-38, Antonov Soviet version of the Fieseler {Fi 156} Storch. See {Shs}. OKO-6, Tairov See {Ta-1}. OKO-7, Tairov See {Ta-3}. OSGA-101, Chetverikov Prototype of the {SPL}, without the folding mechanisms. --P--------------------------------------------------------------------- P-1, Sukhoi Experimental fighter. The P-1 two-seat fighter of tailed delta configuration. It had oval jet intakes just ahead of the wing root, with twin shock cones. Armament was rectractable rocket launchers in the nose, behind the radar. The intended engine was unavailable, and the big P-1 was underpowered with a single Lyulka AL-7F engine. No production. Type: P-1 Function: fighter Year: 1958 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 10600kg Lyulka AL-7F Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 21.30m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 2050km/h Ceiling: 19500m Range: 2000km Armament: 50*r57mm 1*g37mm P-I, Krylov Designation applied to the {R-II} to indicate its possible use as a trainer. P-2, Sukhoi This was the design for a twin-engined version of the {P-1}. It was intented to use 5370kg Isotov VK-11 engines. Not built. P-2, Polikarpov Biplane trainer. 55 were built. Type: P-2 Function: trainer Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 224kW M-6 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: (1*mg) P-39 Airacobra, Bell No less than 4924 of this little fighter were delivered to the USSR, its most succesfull user. The Bell {P-39} was well fit for the low-altitude fighting the USSR used it for. P-42, Sukhoi A stripped version of the {Su-27}, without armament or electronics, but with wings optimized for high speed, shorter tail fins, and uprated engines. It was used to set time-to-height records. P-63 Kingcobra, Bell The USSR was the only nation to use the {P-63} in combat. 2421 delivered. PB-1, Grigorovich Two-seat dive-bomber. Cancelled in 1938 after the death of Grigorovich. PB-100, Petlyakov Renamed {Pe-2}. PBI, Belyayev Proposed dive bomber version of the {EOI}. Mock-up only? Pe-2, Petlyakov The Pe-2 was designed by a team detained at a factory. It was conceived as a very advanced high-altitude fighter, the {VI-100}. But there was no need for such aircraft, and the Pe-2 went on to become a very good fast light bomber. 11427 were built. Type: Pe-2 Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1210hp Klimov VK-105RF Speed: 581km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 1770km Armament: 6*mg b1000kg Pe-3, Petlyakov The Pe-3 was a multi-role fighter developed from the {Pe-2} bomber. Modifications were limited; the cockpit design was different: pilot and observer sat back-to-back, and there was no ventral gunner. Only 23 were built before the German invasion caused it to be abandoned. Later the Pe-3bis entered production. This was a more direct fighter adaptation of the Pe-2 than the Pe-3 had been, and about 300 were built. It was also used as nightfighter. Type: Pe-3 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1100hp Klimov M-105R Wing Span: 17.16m Length: 12.78m Height: 3.42m Wing Area: 40.50m2 Empty Weight: 5870kg Max.Weight: Speed: 523km/h Ceiling: 9100m Range: 1500km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm Type: Pe-3bis Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1100hp Klimov M-105RA Wing Span: 17.16m Length: 12.60m Height: 3.42m Wing Area: 40.50m2 Empty Weight: 5870kg Max.Weight: 8040kg Speed: 540km/h Ceiling: 9100m Range: 1700km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm Pe-4, Petlykov {Pe-2} version. Klimov VK-105PF engines. Pe-8, Petlyakov The only four-engined bomber the USSR used during WWII. The USSR had no plans for strategic bombardment, and only a few such attacks on Germany were made. The Pe-8's most important claim to fame is flying Molotov from Washington to Moskow! Only 81 were built, some with M-30B diesel engines or M-82 radials. A few had a fifth engine, to supply compressed air to the other engines, enhancing the performance at high altitude. Type: Pe-8 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 10 Engines: 4 *1350hp Mikulin AM-35A Wing Span: 39.10m Length: 23.59m Height: 6.20m Wing Area: 188.68m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 438km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 4700km Armament: 2*g7.62mm 2*g20mm 2*g12.7mm b4000kg PI-1, Grigorovich. Monoplane fighter, developed from the {IZ}. The 75mm cannon were later replaced by 20mm ShVAK cannon. Type: PI-1 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 715hp M-25 Speed: 435km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg 2*g75mm PM-2, Polikarpov Variation on the {MR-1}, itself a floatplane version of the {R-1}. Main difference between the MR-1 and PM-2 was that the PM-2 had metal floats, that were lighter, and thus a better performance. Po-2, Polikarpov See {U-2}. PS-4, Junkers Soviet designation of the German Junkers {W 33} transport. PS-84, Lisunov See {Li-2}. PT-7, Sukhoi Development of the {T-3}. The radar had separate transmision and receiver antennas, installed in the upper and lower lips of the nose inlet. The aircraft needed redesign to accept the more powerful AL-7F-1 engine, and the fixed inlet design was unsuitable. PT-8, Sukhoi The PT-8 was a development of the {T-3}, with a circular inlet with an adjustable nose cone. --Q--------------------------------------------------------------------- --R--------------------------------------------------------------------- R-1, Polikarpov Soviet-built development of the de Havilland {D.H.9A}. Production continued to 1931! Most R-1s were powered by the M-5, a copy of the American Liberty 12 engine. Some had German Mercedes D.IV engines, and a version with the British Puma engine was known as the {R-2}. Type: R-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1923 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 298kW M-5 Wing Span: 14.02m Length: 9.24m Height: Wing Area: 44.54m2 Empty Weight: 1450kg Max.Weight: 2200kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 700km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 400kg R-1, Beriev Experimental twin-jet flying boat. The R-1 had a gull wing on top of a long and slender fuselage. The wing tip floats folded. Prototypes only. Type: R-1 Function: maritime patrol Year: 1952 Crew: Engines: 2 * 2740kg Klimov VK-1 Wing Span: 21.4m Length: 19.43m Height: Wing Area: 58m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 17000kg Speed: 800km/h at 7000m Ceiling: 11500m Range: 2000km Armament: 4*g23mm b1000kg R-2, Junkers The Junkers {Ju 20} in soviet service. They were reengined with the Hispano-Suiza 8Fb engine, produced in the USSR as the M-6. R-2, Polikarpov Version of the {R-1} with a Siddeley Puma engine, i.e. the same engine as the original DH.9. 130 built. R-II, Krylov Biplane reconaissance aircraft. The Polikarpov {R-I} was preferred, and only one R-II was built. Type: R-II Function: reconaissance Year: 1925 Crew: Engines: 1 * 260hp Maybach Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: R-3, Tupolev All-metal biplane with corrugated skinning. 100 built, 12 with imported Liberty engines, 18 with the locally built M-5 derived from it, and 79 with Lorraine-Dietrich engines. Type: R-3 Function: reconaissance Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp M-5 Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg 200kg R-5, Polikarpov Reconaissance biplane, used in the Spanish civil war and the Manchuria conflict, and still in first-line service in 1941. More than 7000 were built. Type: R-5 Function: reconaissance / bomber Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 680hp M-17F Wing Span: 15.50m Length: 10.55m Height: Wing Area: 50.20m2 Empty Weight: 1969kg Max.Weight: 2997kg Speed: 228km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 800km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm b400kg R-6, Tupolev Twin-engined reconaissance aircraft and escort fighter, an ugly low-wing monoplane derived from the ANT-4 ({TB-1}) bomber. 435 were built. Type: R-6 Function: reconaissance fighter Year: 1929 Crew: Engines: 2 * 533kW M-17F Wing Span: 23.20m Length: 15.06m Height: Wing Area: 80m2 Empty Weight: 3856kg Max.Weight: 6472kg Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 5620m Range: 800km Armament: 5*mg7.62mm 500kg R-7, Tupolev Refined development of the {R-3}. Cancelled in favour of the {R-5}. R-10, Nyeman Production version of the {KhAl-5}. The R-10 was a wooden low-wing monoplane. They saw combat during the war with Finland, but proved to be slow and vulnerable. 490 built. Type: R-10 Function: bomber Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 620kW M-62 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 388km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: R-12, Yakovlev Reconaissance version of the {Ya-22}. R-020, Tsybin See {RSR}. R-42, Junkers The Junkers {K 30} in Soviet service. RD, Tupolev See {ANT-25}. RD-DB-1 Reconaissance bomber development of the {ANT-25}. Few built. RF-8, Antonov See {A-7}. RK, Bakshayev This was one of the weirdest aircraft ever to be flown. The RK was a conventional monoplane except for its telescoping wing. A thin wing with a high-aspect ratio was to be used for cruising flight; for take-off and landing a series of broad-chord wing sections would be extended from the fuselage to the wing-tip. The RK was a two-seat technology demontstrator with a 100hp M-11 engine. Flown in 1937. RK-I, Bakshayev This was an attempt to develop a fighter with the telescoping wing pioneered by the {RK}. The RK-I used two narrow wings in a tandem-wing arrangment. The telescopic wing 'glove' did not cover the control surfaces on the trailing edge of the rear wing. Tail and fuselage were clean and fairly conventional. Built but never flown. Intended for a VK-106 engine. 1940. ROM-1, Grigorovich Flying boat, a parasol wing monoplane with the two engines in tandem in a centreline wing nacelle. It was of mixed construction. Further development resulted in the {ROM-2}. Type: ROM-1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1927 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich Wing Span: 28.00m Length: 16.00m Height: Wing Area: 104.6m2 Empty Weight: 4518kg Max.Weight: Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 3470m Range: 800km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm ROM-2, Grigorovich The ROM-2 was derived from the {ROM-1} by installing both engines in the wing leading edge. The hull was also redesigned, but the wings were retained. Performance was still unsatisfactory. Type: ROM-2 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1929 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 680hp BMW VI Wing Span: 26.80m Length: 17.40m Height: Wing Area: 108.2m2 Empty Weight: 4150kg Max.Weight: Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 900km Armament: RS, Tsybin Mach 3 long-range bomber, powered by two ramjets. It was intended to be carried into the air by a modified {Tu-95}. Cancelled in 1958. Only the Tu-95N carrier aircraft had been built. The simpler {RSR} was developed from it. RSR, Tsybin This was a design for a reconaissance jet that woud fly at Mach 2.8 at altitudes above 30500m. It had a slender fuselage of circular cross-section, and a very thin delta wing with engines on the wing tips. Only the smaller {NM-1} technology demonstrator was flown. Prototypes of the RSR were built, but then transferred to the Myasichew bureau, and when this was closed development of the RSR was abandoned. R-Z, Polikarpov The R-Z was a ground attack version of the {R-5}, with a new and deeper fuselage and a semi-enclosed cockpit. 1031 were built from 1935 to 1937. The R-Z saw combat in the Far East and Spain, but was obsolete in 1941. Type: R-Z Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 750hp AM-34N Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 2230kg Max.Weight: 3500kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2-3*mg7.62mm 500kg --S--------------------------------------------------------------------- S, Bolkhovitinov The S had a very long, slender fuselage that contained two engines in tandem in front of the wing, each driving part of a six-bladed contra-rotating propellor. The 'greenhouse' cockpit with the two seats was well aft of the small wing, so that an enormous length of nose stretched in front of it. It was intended as a fast bomber, but problems with the engine installation caused it to be abandoned. Flown in 1939. No production. Type: S Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 960hp M-103 Wing Span: 13.8m Length: 13.2m Height: Wing Area: 26m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 570km/h at 4600m Ceiling: Range: 700km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 400kg S-1, SIAI This designation was used for the Italian SIAI {S.16} biplane flying boat. About 80 were used by the Soviet Navy. S-1, Sukhoi Prototype of the {Su-7}. The S-1 and the cancelled {T-1} were designed in parallel, and had much in common. But the S-1 had a swept wing and the T-1 a delta wing. Type: S-1 Function: experimental Year: 1955 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1000kg Lyulka AL-7F Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 2170km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*g30mm (65rpg), 16*r57mm. S-2, Sukhoi Prototype of the {Su-7}. The S-2 was a little more refined than the {S-1}. It was longer, with a redesigned inlet and a more powerful engine. Production Su-7s were almost identical to the S-2. S-3, Sukhoi The S-3 was developed in parallel with the {S-1}, basically similar, but equipped as an interceptor. Installation of a powerful radar required many detail changes. S-6, Sukhoi Early 1960 design for a new attack aircraft. Not built. S-12, Sikorsky Monoplane. Type: S-12 Function: Year: 1913 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: S-XVI, RBVZ Two-seat biplane designed by I. Sikorsky, intended as escort fighter for the Ilya Mourometz bombers. Performance was rather low, because no sufficiently powerful engine was available. 21 built. Type: S-XVI Function:fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Wing Span: 8.40m Length: 6.20m Height: 2.78m Wing Area: 25.36m2 Empty Weight: 407kg Max.Weight: 676kg Speed: 120km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm S-XVII, Sikorsky Two-seat reconnaissance biplane, powered by a 150hp Sunbeam engine. 1916. S-XVIII, Sikorsky Twin-engine fighter biplane, powered by two Sunbeam engines in a pusher installation. Later two Gnome engines were added. S-XIX, Sikorsky This unusual biplane had two tailbooms, with a cockpit in each one, and a 150hp Sunbeam engine in a central nacelle. S-XX, RBV Biplane fighter, designed by Igor Sikorsky. It was inferior to contemporary enemy aircraft. Five were built. Type: S-XX Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 8.60m Length: 6.50m Height: Wing Area: 17.00m2 Empty Weight: 395kg Max.Weight: 570kg Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g7.7mm S-22, Sukhoi Design bureau designation for the fighter-bomber version of the {Su-7}. The S-22I, a Su-7BM modified with pivoting outer wing panels, was the prototype of the {Su-17}. S-23, Sukhoi The S-23 was an experimental version of the {Su-7}, with ski landing gear designed for rough terrains. Experiments resulted in the introduction of a combined wheel-and-ski landing gear on the Su-7BKL. S-25, Sukhoi The S-25 was an experimental version of the {Su-7}, with a boundary layer blowing system. S-26, Sukhoi Like the {S-23}, the S-26 was an experimental version of the {Su-7}, used to develop rough-terrain landing gear. It had skis on the main legs. S-32, Sukhoi Design bureau designation for the {Su-17}. S-32, Sukhoi Fifth generation fighter aircraft, is now called {S-37}. S-37, Sukhoi Fifth generation fighter aircraft, flown first on 1 October 1997. Not that much is known about it, but it is believed that this prototype is merely a technology demonstrator. The S-37 has a forward swept wing, canards, and twin tail fins, canted outwards. Type: S-37 Function: fighter Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 152.12kN Aviadvigatel D-30F-6 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: S-41, Sukhoi This was a development prototype of the {Su-7}. In featured a longer nose, a continuously variable inlet spike, surge doors and an area-ruled aft fuselage. These features were introduced on later production models of the Su-7. S-52, Sukhoi S-52U is the design bureau designation for the {Su-17}UM, a two-seat trainer version. The S-52 designation was used for the Su-17M3 single-seater. S-54, Sukhoi Bureau designation for the {Su-17}M4. Later reused for a design for a supersonic jet trainer, that was developed into a fighter. S-55, Sukhoi Design for a new fighter, developed from the {S-54}. The S-55 is a single-engined aircraft with twin tail fins and canards, obviously inspired on the general configuration of the Su-37. The S-55 would be a two-seater. Mock-up construction is underway. SAM-6, Moskalev The SAM-6 was built to test a single-wheel landing gear. It was configurationally similar to the {SAM-7}, but had a conventional tail unit and was much smaller, with a 65hp engine. SAM-7, Moskalev The SAM-7 was a tailless fighter. It had a straight-tapered, unswept wing. At the wingtips large endplates with rudders were fitted. The fuselage was deep, with a cabin for the second crew member in the extreme tail. One built. Type: SAM-7 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 750hp M-34 Wing Span: 9.60m Length: Height: Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 940kg Max.Weight: Speed: 486km/h Ceiling: Range: 780km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm SAM-13, Moskalev A twin-engined push/pull fighter with twin tail booms. The SAM-13 was probably inspired by the Dutch Fokker {D.XXIII}, but was considerably smaller. The tail unit was unconventional for a twin-boom design: a single fin was fitted on the center of the tailplane. One built, that was destroyed during the German invasion of the USSR. Type: SAM-13 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 236hp Renault MV-6 Wing Span: 7.30m Length: 7.68m Height: Wing Area: 9.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 520km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.62mm Saveljev Quadruplane. Type: Saveljev Function: Year: 1916 Crew: Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: SB, Sukhoi This was a design for a fast bomber powered by two AM-38 engines. It was not built. 1941. SB, Tupolev The SB, also known as ANT-40, was a fast twin-engined monoplane bomber. The design was very advanced, but lacked refinement, much to the dismay of crews and maintenance personnel -- and of Stalin, who pointed out that "there are no trivialities in aviation." It was successful in the Spanish civil war because it outpaced most fighters, but obsolete in 1941. The SB was also used by China, Czechoslovakia, and -- after the destruction of that country --- by Germany. Type: SB-2-M100A Function: bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 860hp Klimov M-100A Speed: 423km/h Ceiling: 9560m Range: 1450km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm b600kg Type: SB-2-bis Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: Engines: 2 * 715kW M-103 Wing Span: 20.33m Length: 12.57m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 4768kg Max.Weight: 7880kg Speed: 450km/h Ceiling: 7800m Range: 2300km Armament: 6*mg7.62mm 600kg SB-2, Tupolev Designation unofficially applied to a version of the Tupolev {SB}. The official designation 'SB-2-M100A' only indicated that the SB had two M-100 engines. SB-3, Tupolev Designation unofficially applied to the {USB}, a version of the Tupolev {SB}. SBB, Arkhangelsky Final development of the {SB} and the {Ar-2}, with new outer wing panels and twin tail fins. It did not enter production, because the {Pe-2} was preferred. Type: SBB Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1100hp Klimov M-105R Wing Span: 16.0m Length: 12.28m Height: Wing Area: 46m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 540km/h at 4600m Ceiling: 10100m Range: 880km Armament: SB-RK, Arkhangelsky See {Ar-2}. SD, Mikoyan-Gurevich The {MiG-15}bis. SDB, Myasichew Proposed long-range bomber, a design preceding the the {M-4}. The SDB would have had podded engines and a smaller wing with more taper. SF, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the {MiG-17}F. Sh-1, Shavrov Small amphibian. Prototype for the {Sh-2}. Sh-2, Shavrov Amphibian, a slightly larger development of the {Sh-1}. The Sh-2 was a sesquiplane with a flying boat fuselage. The small lower wing served as attachment for the stabilizing floats. Approx 700 were built. Type: Sh-2 Function: utility / trainer Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Wing Span: 13.00m Length: 8.20m Height: Wing Area: 24.70m2 Empty Weight: 660kg Max.Weight: 937kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: Load: 1 seat Sh-5, Shavrov High-wing amphibian, intended for reconaissance and patrol missions. Two 360kW M-22 engines. Did not enter production. Sh-26, Shavrov Ambulance version of the {Sh-2}. 16 built. ShB, Suchoi The ShB or BB-3 was an attack development of the {Su-2} with more armour and armament, powered by a 746kW M-88A engine. One built. It competed for orders with the {Il-2}, which was already in production. Shch-1, Schetinin See Grigorovich {M-11}. Schetinin was the factory where this aircraft was built. Shche-2, Shcherbakov A twin-engined, high-winged transport, well streamlined but with fixed landing gear. Approx 750 were built. They were used as transports, trainers, ambulance aircraft, and paratroop transport. Type: Shche-2 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 150hp M-11E Wing Span: 20.54m Length: 14.27m Height: Wing Area: 64m2 Empty Weight: 2235kg Max.Weight: 3700kg Speed: 154km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 640km Load: 14 seats ShON, Grigorovich The designation means "Special-Purpose Attack Aircraft" but this was actually a counter-insurgency aircraft, designed for use against resistance in Turkmenistan. The ShON was satisfactory, but the fighting was over before it was ready. It was a derivative if the {R-5}, carried light armour and had folding wings. Type: ShON Function: attack Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 680hp M-17 Wing Span: 15.50m Length: 10.30m Height: Wing Area: 51.2m2 Empty Weight: 1610kg Max.Weight: Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 730km Armament: 8*mg7.62mm Shs, Antonov Soviet version of the German Fieseler {Fi 156} Storch liaison aircraft. The Argus engine was replaced by a French Renault, copied as the MV-6, and the fuel load was increased, but otherwise it was an exact copy. Nevertheless the STOL capacities were degraded considerably. The production was ended prematurely by the German attack of 1941. Type: Shs Function: liaison Year: 1940 Crew: Engines: 1 * 270hp MV-6 Wing Span: 14.28m Length: 10.3m Height: Wing Area: 26.0m2 Empty Weight: 980kg Max.Weight: 1343kg Speed: 173km/h Ceiling: 4400m Range: 515km Sh-Tandem, Grushin Attack aircraft. The Sh-Tandem used tandem wings, although the aft one was considerably smaller than the front wing. A gun turret was fitted at the rear of the fuselage. It was of wooden construction. One built. Type: Sh-Tandem Function: attack Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 930hp Tumanskii M-87 Wing Span: 11.0m Length: 8.50m Height: Wing Area: 30.4m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 488km/h at 4200m Ceiling: Range: Armament: 5*mg7.62mm 200kg SI, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {I-330}. SI-16, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {MiG-17}. ShB, Suchoi Armoured version of the {Su-2} / BB-1. Remained experimental. 1500hp M-90 engine. SK-1, Bisnovat High-speed research aircraft, the smallest aircraft that could be built around the M-105 liquid-cooled V-12 engine. It was of all-metal construction. The streamlining of the small SK-1 went as far as making the cockpit roof flush with the top of the fuselage. The pilot's seat could be raised for take-off and landing. Type: SK-1 Function: experimental Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1050hp Klimov M-105 Wing Span: 7.20m Length: 8.00m Height: Wing Area: 9.5m2 Empty Weight: 1505kg Max.Weight: 2100kg Speed: 710km/h Ceiling: Range: 1000km SK-2, Bisnovat The SK-2 was a fighter development of the {SK-1}. The SK-2 had a normal cockpit, but its disadvantages still outweighed its high performance. One built. Type: SK-2 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1050hp Klimov M-105 Wing Span: 7.30m Length: 8.28m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 9.57m2 Empty Weight: 1850kg Max.Weight: 2300kg Speed: 665km/h at 4900m Ceiling: Range: 0.75hrs Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm SK-3, Bisnovat Twin-engined, two-seat fighter design. The SK-3 would have been an avanced monoplane powered by AM-37 engines. It was cancelled at the end of 1940. SKh, Antonov See {An-2}. Slyusarenko Wooden monoplane fighter. One built. Type: Slyusarenko Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 130hp Clerget Speed: 163km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: SM-1, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {I-340}. SM-2, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {I-360}. SM-7, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the {MiG-19}. SM-9, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the {MiG-19}. SM-10, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental {MiG-19} version with flight refuelling probe. SM-12, Mikoyan-Gurevich The SM-12 was a development of the {MiG-19}, intended as a back-up for the {MiG-21} program. The original intake was replaced by a sharp-edged circular one with a radar nose cone, the guns were deleted and missile armament installed. Later it also adopted a different engine, and the final modification included a ventral rocket engine pack. Three were built. Type: SM-12PM Function: fighter Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 3600kg Sorokin R3-26 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 1720km/h Ceiling: 17400m Range: 1700km Armament: SM-20, Mikoyan-Gurevich This was a version of the {MiG-19}, modified to be carried by the {Tu-95} bomber. This assisted in the development of the Kh-20 missile, which was about the same size of the MiG-19. The SM-20 was unmanned, the SM-20P was piloted. SM-30, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental ramp-launched {MiG-19} version, with a PRD-22 rocket booster. SM-50, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental version of the {MiG-19} with a 3200kg U-19 rocket engine added. SM-51, Mikoyan-Gurevich Development of the {SM-50}. SM-52, Mikoyan-Gurevich Development of the {SM-50}. SN, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental attack aircraft, a version of the {MiG-17} with lateral intakes. This made room in the nose for three 23mm cannon, two to starboard and one to port, one a variable elevation mounting in the nose. It was abandoned because of developments in missiles. One built. Type: SN Function: fighter Year: 1953 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2900kg VK-1A Wing Span: 9.63m Length: 12.33m Height: 3.80m Wing Area: 22.60m2 Empty Weight: 4152kg Max.Weight: 5620kg Speed: 1058km/h Ceiling: 14500kg Range: Armament: SP-1, Mikoyan-Gurevich All-wheater version of the {MiG-15}. SP-2, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental all-wheater version of the {MiG-17}. SPB, Polikarpov Dive bomber version of the {VIT-2}. Two prototypes and three series aircraft were built. Tests were generally unsuccessful, and the SPB was grounded after the loss of two aircraft. The {Pe-2} made the type superfluous. Type: SPB Function: dive bomber Year: 1940 Crew: Engines: 2 * 150hp M-105 Wing Span: 17.0m Length: 10.4m Height: Wing Area: 42.93m2 Empty Weight: 4948kg Max.Weight: Speed: 510km/h at 4500m Ceiling: 8500m Range: Armament: 2*kg7.62mm 1400kg SPD, Ilyushin See {Il-18} "Clam". SPL, Chetverikov Small reconaissance aircraft for submarines. The SPL was unusual in its category, being a flying boat. The engine was mounted above the fuselage, and for stowage it was folded backwards to fit between the twin tail booms. It did not enter service. One built. Type: SPL Function: reconaissance Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 7.40m Height: Wing Area: 13.4m2 Empty Weight: 592kg Max.Weight: Speed: 186km/h Ceiling: Range: 400km SR-2, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental version of the {MiG-17} with a 3100kg Klimov VK-5F engine. Intended as tactial reconaissance aircraft. SRB, Golubkov Twin-engined, high-speed reconnaissance bomber. Very little is known about it. 1940. Stal-6, Bartini The Stal-6 was an experimental fighter, a streamlined monoplane of steel construction. It had tandem-wheel landing gear, with stabilizing skis under the wingtips, surface evaporation cooling, and a cockpit was flush with the top of the fuselage. It was fast, but unpractical. Type: Stal-6 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 630hp Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror Wing Span: 9.0m Length: 6.88m Height: 2.23m Wing Area: 14.3m2 Empty Weight: 850kg Max.Weight: 1080kg Speed: 420km/h Ceiling: Range: Stal-8, Bartini The Stal-8 was a more practical development of the Stal-6, with a normal cockpit and two 7.62mm guns in the engine cowling. The engine was an 860hp M-100A. It was not completed. Stal-MAI, Grigorovich This aircraft was an experiment in stainless steel aircraft construction. It was a low-wing monoplane with elegant lines, but had corrugated skinning. The design was abandoned after the prototype crashed. 1934. SU, Mikoyan-Gurevich Ground-attack derivative of the {MiG-15}, armed with paired 23mm cannon in articulated mountings. Abandoned. 1951. Su-1, Sukhoi Specialized high-altitude interceptor. It was an aerodynamically clean design, that relied on two TK-2 turbochargers to achieve its desired performance. But the superchargers were very unreliable, despite continuous tinkering. One built. Type: Su-1 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Klimov M-105P Wing Span: 11.50m Length: 8.42m Height: 2.71m Wing Area: 19.00m2 Empty Weight: 2495kg Max.Weight: 2875kg Speed: 641km/h Ceiling: 12500m Range: 720km Armament: 1*g23mm 2*mg7.62mm Su-2, Sukhoi Light monoplane bomber, a clean low-wing design which looked very promising. But when war broke out, the Su-2 suffered heavy losses. Replacing the M-88 engine with the more powerful M-82 did not help. Production was halted in 1942, in favour of the better {Il-2} and {Pe-2}. They were later used as squadron hacks and in other secondary roles. Over 500 built. Type: Su-2 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 746kW M-88B Wing Span: 14.3m Length: 10.25m Height: 3.94m Wing Area: 29.0m2 Empty Weight: 6338kg Max.Weight: Speed: 455km/h Ceiling: 8800m Range: 1200km Armament: 5-6*mg7.62mm b600kg Su-3, Sukhoi The Su-3 was a development of the {Su-1}. The changes did not include the replacement of the unreliable turbochargers, but a new, smaller wing was fitted. The main faults of the Su-1 were inherited, and only one was built. Type: Su-3 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Klimov M-105P Wing Span: 10.10m Length: 8.42m Height: 2.71m Wing Area: 17.00m2 Empty Weight: 2490kg Max.Weight: Speed: 638km/h Ceiling: 11900m Range: 700km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm Su-4, Sukhoi The name Su-4 was used for a number of derivatives of the {Su-2}, powered by M-90, AM-37 or M-82 engines. Only the M-82 engined type entered production; about 60 were built. Type: Su-4 Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1270kW M-82 Wing Span: 14.3m Length: 10.46m Height: 3.95m Wing Area: 29.0m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 4900kg Speed: 512km/h; 459km/h at SL Ceiling: 8400m Range: 605km Armament: 6*mg7.62mm 600kg Su-5, Sukhoi This mixed-power design was competing with the Mikoyan-Gurevich {I-250}. It had a VK-107 reciprocating engine and a VRDK jet booster. The Su-5 was a small aircraft, but due to the volume of the additional power unit, the fuselage was very deep. The Su-5 had a laminar flow wing. But the mixed-power concept did not have a feature, and only one Su-5 was built. Type: Su-5 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1650hp Klimov M-107A 1 * Khalshchevnikov VRDK Wing Span: 10.56m Length: 8.51m Height: Wing Area: 17.00m2 Empty Weight: 2954kg Max.Weight: 3804kg Speed: 810km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 600km Armament: 1*g23mm 2*mg12.7mm Su-6, Sukhoi Ground attack aircraft. Suchoi developed four prototypes, two single-seaters and two two-seaters. The last prototype had the liquid-cooled AM-42 instead of the M-71 radial. Although it was clearly more advanced, the Su-6 could not replace the {Il-2}, which had the advantage that it was already in production. The versions with M-71 engines were doomed anayway because of the failure of this engine. Type: Su-6 (S2A) Function: attack Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2200hp ASh-71F Wing Span: 13.58m Length: 9.24m Height: Wing Area: 26.0m2 Empty Weight: 3725kg Max.Weight: Speed: 526km/h at 2500m Ceiling: 8000m Range: 973km Armament: 2*g37mm 2*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm b400kg Su-7, Sukhoi Single-seat high-altitude fighter development of the {Su-6} attack aircraft. The M-82 replaced the M-71, buit with the M-82 the performance was inferior to that of fighters already in development. It was decided to add a rocket engine in the tail, but this was underdeveloped and unreliable. One built. Type: Su-7 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1850hp Shvetsov ASh-82FN 1 * 300kg Korolev-Glushko RD-1KhZ Wing Span: 13.50m Length: 9.14m Height: 2.85m Wing Area: 26.00m2 Empty Weight: 2600kg Max.Weight: 4360kg Speed: 705km/h Ceiling: 12750m Range: 990km Armament: 2*g20mm Su-7, Sukhoi 'Fitter' / 'Moujik' The Su-7 began life as a Mach 2 tactical fighter, but it was developed into a big, but fairly simple fighter-bomber. It had a nose intake for its single jet engine, and highly swept wings. The weapons load and range of the initial Su-7B were limited, but it had good performance at low level, was an excellent gunnery platform, and was extremely robust. The Su-7BM, with an additional pair of wing pylons, was more capable. There was also a trainer version, elongated to install a second cockpit. Performance was much improved by the {Su-17} series with variable geometry wings. Type: Su-7BM Function: attack Year: 1965 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 9600kg Lyulka Al-7F-1-150 Wing Span: 9.31m Length: 16.61m Height: 3.83m Wing Area: 34.0m2 Empty Weight: 8370kg Max.Weight: 13830kg Speed: 2200km/h @ 13000m, 1200km/h @ SL Ceiling: 18500 Range: 1450km Armament: 2*g30mm (65rpg), 2000kg Su-8, Sukhoi Twin-engined, long-range attack aircraft. The Su-8 was designed to support the army during offensives, and to combine heavy armament with a good performance. It had a very slim fuselage and was powered by M-71 radials. After the demise of the M-71 a version with AM-42 engines was designed, but not built. Operational needs for the Su-8 had disappeared. Type: Su-8 Function: attack Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1490kW M-71 Wing Span: 20.50m Length: 13.58m Height: 5.09m Wing Area: 60.0m2 Empty Weight: 9168kg Max.Weight: Speed: 552km/h at 4600m Ceiling: 9000m Range: Armament: 2*g45mm 5*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm Su-9, Sukhoi This twin-engined jet fighter was conceptually similar to the German {Me 262}. The engines were copies of the Junkers Jumo 004. It was advised that the Su-9 would enter production, but Stalin rejected it because of its similarity to the Me 262. Type: Su-9 Function: fighter Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 900kg RD-10 Wing Span: 11.21m Length: 10.57m Height: 3.72m Wing Area: 20.24m2 Empty Weight: 4060kg Max.Weight: 6380kg Speed: 900km/h Ceiling: Range: 1140km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g23mm 500kg Su-9, Sukhoi 'Fishpot' The Su-9 had the same configuration as the {MiG-21}, a tailed delta, but was larger and heavier. Its origins were in the {T-3} prototype, which was developed in parallel with the {S-1}, the prototype of the {Su-7}. The Su-9 was a specialized all-weather interceptor for the PVOS, armed with four large AAMs. It was built in large numbers, probably over 1000. There was also a two-seat trainer version. Type: Su-9 Function: fighter Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 9060kg Lyulka Al-7F Wing Span: 8.43m Length: 16.70m Height: Wing Area: 26.25m2 Empty Weight: 8750kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1915km/h Ceiling: 16800m Range: Armament: msl Su-10, Sukhoi Four-engined jet bomber, a straight-wing design with a T-tail. The engines were in pods on the wings, one above and one below the wing in each pod. A prototype was built, but never flown. Type: Su-10 Function: bomber Year: 1948 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 1500kg Lyulka TR-1A Wing Span: 20.60m Length: 19.55m Height: 6.55m Wing Area: 71.3m2 Empty Weight: 11500kg Max.Weight: 21230kg Speed: 850km/h at 6000m Ceiling: 12000m Range: 1500km Armament: 3*g20mm 4000kg Su-11, Sukhoi This was a development of the first {Su-9}. The Su-11 was the first Soviet fighter powered by indigenous jet engines, but the unsatisfactory performance of those caused its demise. One built. Type: Su-11 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1300kg Lyulka TR-1 Wing Span: 11.80m Length: 10.57m Height: 3.72m Wing Area: 21.40m2 Empty Weight: 4495kg Max.Weight: Speed: 940km/h Ceiling: Range: 910km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g23mm 500kg Su-11, Sukhoi 'Fishpot' / 'Maiden' Development of the (second) {Su-9} with a new engine, a new radar and improved armament. This limited all-weather interceptor was built as an interim type, pending introduction of the {Su-15}. Type: Su-11 Function: fighter Year: 1967 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 10100kg Lyulka Al-7F-2 Wing Span: 8.54m Length: 18.23m Height: 4.70m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 8562kg Max.Weight: 13986kg Speed: 2340km/h @ 15000m Ceiling: 18000m Range: 1125km Armament: msl Su-12, Sukhoi Artillery observation aircraft. The Su-12 was a twin-boom aircraft with an extensively glazed cockpit. Probably inspired by the German {Fw 189}, it was a far more powerful aircraft. Performance was good, but nevertheless it was too vulnerable in the jet age. One built. Type: Su-12 Function: observation Year: 1947 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1565kW Shvetsov ASh-82V Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 1140km Armament: 4*g20mm Su-13, Sukhoi Twin-engined jet aircraft with variable geometry wings. Never flown. Su-15, Sukhoi Single-seat all-weather interceptor. The two jet engines were installed in tandem, behind the deep intake in the nose. The forward engine exhausted under the fuselage, the aft engine at the extreme tail. The cockpit was offset to left to make room for the airfeed of the aft engine. The radar was put on the upper lip of the nose intake. The first Su-15 prototype crashed because of flutter. Development was abandoned. Type: Su-15 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 2270kg RD-45F Wing Span: 12.87m Length: 15.44m Height: Wing Area: 36.00m2 Empty Weight: 7409kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1032km/h Ceiling: 15000m Range: 1600km Armament: 2*g37mm Su-15, Sukhoi 'Flagon' The Flagon combined the tailed delta configuration of the {Su-9} with twin engines, side intakes and large radar nose. It was the first really capable all-wheater interceptor of the PVOS. A later version had a larger radar and a new wing, with reduced sweep on the outboard section and a longer span. There also was a two-seat trainer. About 1500 were built. The Su-15 became infamous when one shot down a Korean Air Lines 747. Type: Su-15 'Flagon-F' Function: fighter Year: 1967 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 70.6kN Tumansky R-13F2-300 Wing Span: 10.53m Length: 20.50m Height: 5.00m Wing Area: 36.0m2 Empty Weight: 12250kg Max.Weight: 16000kg Speed: 2655km/h Ceiling: 20000m Range: 2250km Armament: 1500kg Su-17, Sukhoi The first Su-17 was an experimental transsonic aircraft, but also a potential operational fighter. It was built, but not flown, because of the flutter problems with the {Su-15} and because the design bureau was disbanded in 1949. It had a nose inlet, a long cylindrical fuselage, an anhedralled swept wing at the mid-fuselage position, and a high-set tailplane. Type: Su-17 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4600kg TR-3 Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 15.25m Height: 4.52m Wing Area: 27.5m2 Empty Weight: 5932kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1252km/h Ceiling: 14500m Range: 855km Armament: 2*g37mm, 40rpg Su-17, Sukhoi 'Fitter' The Su-17 was a significant step in the development of the {Su-7} to a more useful attack aircraft. The most important change was the introduction of swivelling outer wing panels. Although only the outer half of the wing span moved, and weight increased, the modification considerably improved take-off and landing performance, and allowed a larger weapons load to be carried. The Su-17M introduced the smaller, lighter and more powerful AL-21F engine. The Su-17M3 and M4 versions had an enlarged dorsal spine aft of the cockpit, originally designed for the second seat of the trainer version, but now filled with fuel. The {Su-20} and {Su-22} were export versions. Type: Su-17 Function: attack Year: 1969 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 9600kg Lyulka AL-7F-1-250 Wing Span: 13.66m to 9.64m Length: 16.42m Height: 4.96m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 10090kg Max.Weight: 16950kg Speed: 2150km/h Ceiling: 16300m Range: 1450km Armament: 2*g30mm (80rpg), 3000kg Type: Su-17M4 Function: attack Year: 1980 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 11200kg Lyulka AL-21F-3 Wing Span: 13.68m to 10.03m Length: 17.34m Height: 5.13m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 10800kg Max.Weight: 19400kg Speed: 1830km/h Ceiling: 15200m Range: 2650km Armament: 2*g30mm (80rpg), 4000kg Su-19, Sukhoi Designation used, in error, in old sources to refer to the {Su-24}. Su-20, Sukhoi 'Fitter' Export version of the {Su-17}M 'Fitter-C'. Modifications were small and mainly affected avionics fit. The Su-20 was in production from 1973 to 1976. Su-21, Sukhoi 'Flagon' Designation reported for late model {Su-15}s. Su-22, Sukhoi 'Fitter' Export version of the {Su-17}M2. The Su-22 had the Tumansky R-29B-300 engine instead of the Lyulka AL-21F. The larger diameter of the engine required changes to the aft fuselage. It resulted in a degraded performance, but in 1976 production for export began. Later models had the avionics fit of the Su-17M3 or M4. Su-24, Sukhoi 'Fencer' A variable geometry strike/attack aircraft, obviously inspired by the U.S. {F-111}, but more optimized for the low-level tactical strike role, and with a generally lower performance. There also are reconnaissance versions. Type: Su-24MK Function: attack Year: 1974 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 110kN Lyulka AL-21F3A Wing Span: 17.63m--10.36m Length: 24.53m Height: 6.19m Wing Area: 55.16m2 Empty Weight: 22320kg Max.Weight: 39700kg Speed: M1.35 Ceiling: 17500m Range: 2850km Armament: 1*g30mm Su-25, Sukhoi 'Frogfoot' Heavily armoured attack and anti-tank aircraft. The Su-25 is a well-armoured aircraft, capable of carrying a large load under its shoulder wing. Compared to its US counterpart, the {A-10}, it is faster and more agile. The Su-25 saw combat in Afghanistan, and experience there led to major improvements. A navalized version was built for the large carriers. Late models have more powerful R-195 engines. Type: Su-25 'Frogfoot-A' Function: attack Year: 1978 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 4100kg Tumansky R-95Sh Wing Span: 14.36m Length: 15.53m Height: 4.80m Wing Area: 30.1m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 38790kg Speed: 970km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1250km Armament: 1*g30mm (250rpg), 4400kg Su-27, Sukhoi 'Flanker' The Su-27 is a big long-range air superiority fighter, comparable to the U.S. {F-15} but superior in many respects. It is a twin-engined aircraft with a blended wing and fuselage, and twin tail fins. At airshows the Su-27 demonstrated an exceptional controllability at high angles of attack. A shipboard version of the Su-27, also known as the {Su-33}, with canards and folding wings, has been tested on Russia's first big carriers. There also is a two-seat attack version, the Su-27IB or {Su-34}, with side-by-side seating in a reshaped nose. Type: Su-27 Function: fighter Year: 1986 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 12500kg Lyulka AL-31F Wing Span: 14.70m Length: 21.93m Height: 5.93m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 30000kg Speed: M2.35 Ceiling: 18000m Range: 4000km Armament: 1*g30mm msl Su-28, Sukhoi 'Frogfoot' Bureau designation for Su-25UT, the two-seat trainer version of the {Su-25}. Su-30, Sukhoi Two-seat long-range version of the {Su-27}, intended as long-range interceptor, 'Wild Weasel' aircraft and strike. There are also plans for a version called Su-30MK-2, which would incorporate features of the {Su-37}. Su-32FN, Sukhoi For mysterious reasons, this name was introduced for the former {Su-34}. Not to be confused with the {Su-32} training aircraft, which was renamed {Su-39} at the same time! Su-32, Sukhoi See {Su-39}. Su-33, Sukhoi Carrier-fighter derivative of the {Su-27}, called Su-27K by the military. Canards were added, folding outer wing panels were fitted, the vertical fins shortened, the undercarriage was strengthened and twin nosewheels fitted, and an arrester hook was installed. The use of thrust-vectoring nozzles on the production aircraft is considered. Both catapult launch and jump-ramp takeoff procedures were studied, and the latter was preferred. Type: Su-27K Function: fighter Year: 1987 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * Lyulka AL-31F Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Su-34, Sukhoi Sukhoi designation for the Su-27IB, a two-seat ground-attack version of the {Su-27}. The Su-27IB has side-by-side seating for two crewmembers in a widened, flattened nose, with extended wing roots and canards, a larger tail boom with rearward-looking radar, and twin-wheel landing gear. The VVS intends to replace all {Su-24}s with the Su-34. Recently, Sukhoi used the name Su-32FN for the aircraft. Type: Su-34 Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1994 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 13300kg AL-31FM Wing Span: 14.70m Length: 25.20m Height: 6.20m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 44360kg Speed: M1.8 at 11000m, M1.15 at S/L Ceiling: Range: 4000km Armament: 1*g30mm GSh-30-1, 8000kg Su-35, Sukhoi Improved 'glass cockpit' version of the {Su-27}, with canard foreplanes, more powerful radar, more powerful engines, and an electronics upgrade. Type: Su-35 Function: fighter Year: 1994? Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 137.3kN AL-31MF Wing Span: 15.16m Length: 21.96m Height: 6.84m Wing Area: 62m2 Empty Weight: 18400kg Max.Weight: 34000kg Speed: 2440km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: 3500km Armament: 1*g30mm 8200kg Su-37, Sukhoi Multi-role combat version of the Su-27, developed from the Su-35. The Su-37 uses full digital FBW controls in combination with two- dimensional thrust vectoring nozzles. Like the Su-35, it has canards. The Su-37 is not yet in production. Type: Su-37 Function: fighter Year: 1996 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 137kN Saturn AL-37FU Wing Span: 14.70m Length: 22.10m Height: 6.32m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 18500kg Max.Weight: 34000kg Speed: 2400km/h Ceiling: 17800m Range: Armament: 1*g30mm 8000kg Su-39, Suchoi Primary trainer, designed to replace the {Yak-52}. The Su-39 is a tandem-two seat aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear. It is derived from the Su-26 and Su-29 aerobatic competition aircraft. Currently in development. Type: Su-39 Function: trainer Year: (1996) Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300kW Vedeneyev M-14PF Wing Span: 8.50m Length: 7.28m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 12.20m2 Empty Weight: 850kg Max.Weight: Speed: 370km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1500km SVB, Polikarpov Dive bomber, development of the {VIT-2}. --T--------------------------------------------------------------------- T-1, Sukhoi Precursor of the {Su-9}. The T-1 was developed in parallel with the {S-1}, but had delta wings instead of swept wings. The T-1 was intended as tactical fighter, the {T-3} as the interceptor version. The T-1 prototype was under construction when it was cancelled. T-1, Tupolev Torpedo bomber, developed from the {SB}. T-3, Sukhoi This was a development of the {T-1} design. The T-3 had an oval nose intake with a pointed radome above it for the search radar, and a smaller spherical radome for the tracking radar inside the inlet. Tests indicated that the inlet configuration needed more development. This resulted in the development of the {PT-7}, {PT-8}, and {T-5}. One built. Type: T-3 Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 9060kg Lyulka AL-7F Wing Span: 8.43m Length: 16.75m Height: Wing Area: 24.20m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 2100km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: 1840km Armament: T-4, Sukhoi Prototype of the {Su-9}. T-4, Sukhoi The T-4 was designed as a reconaissance-strike aircraft, with an additional function as interceptor. The T-4 had a striking similarity to the {B-70} Valkyrie, but was very different in detail design. Construction was entirely of titanium. It was a big four-engined jet with a double-delta wing and canards. Four engines were fitted under the fuselage and wing roots, in a broad rectangular bath with sharp rectangular intakes. It was fitted with a 'droop snoot' that offered good visibility in the landing configuration, but almost none in the high-speed configuration; a periscope was fitted for the pilot. The T-4 was the first Soviet aircraft with FBW controls. Several prototypes were under construction when the project was cancelled; only one has flown. Type: T-4 Function: reconnaissance / bomber / interceptor Year: 1972 Crew: 2 Engines: 4 * 16000kg Kolesov RD36-41 Wing Span: 22.00m Length: 44.50m Height: 11.20m Wing Area: 296m2 Empty Weight: 55600kg Max.Weight: Speed: 3200km/h Ceiling: 24000m Range: 7000km Armament: T-5, Sukhoi Conversion of a {T-3} prototype. The afterbody fuselage flared out to contain two Tumansky R-11F-300 engines, making the T-5 look very odd. The inlet design was that of the {T-43}. Despite an internal division of the inlet system, the engines interfered with each other. The T-5 was also tail-heavy. One built. T-6, Sukhoi Experimental attack aircraft. The fuselage of the T-6.1 was similar to that of the {Su-24} in outline, but it had four lift engines for STOL performance, and fixed wings of cranked delta planform. The T-6.2I, T-6.3I, and T-6.4I did have a varibale sweep wing and boi lift engines. They served as prototypes of the {Su-24}. Type: T-6.1 Function: attack Year: 1967 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * Tumansky R-27F2-300 4 * Kolesov RD36-35 Wing Span: 10.41m Length: 23.72m Height: 6.37m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 5932kg Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: T-7, Sukhoi Precursor of the {Su-9}. Nose intake with rotating upper and lower lips. T-8, Sukhoi Prototype of the {Su-25}. T-10, Sukhoi Prototypes of the {Su-27}. There was considerable redesign between the first T-10 and the production Su-27. The T-10-1 and T-10-3 had very different contours, although the general configuration was the same, and the T-10-1 had different engines. Type: T-10-1 Function: fighter Year: 1977 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 11200kg Lyulka AL-21F-3 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: T-37, Sukhoi Interceptor, derived from the {T-3} series. The T-37 was designed to reach 3000km/h, and carry an automated interception system. It was abandoned while the prototype was under construction. T-39, Sukhoi A prototype of the {T-3} series, modified with water injection for its engine. One built. T-43, Sukhoi This was the final prototype of the {Su-9}. It was developed from the {T-3}, but some T-43 airframes had been built as {PT-8}s. A circular intake with an adjustable center cone was adopted. Several versions were studied, with different radars and armament. T-47, Sukhoi Prototype of the {Su-11}. It was developed from the {T-43} ({Su-9}), but had the inlet of the {PT-8}. T-49, Sukhoi Experimental development of the {T-3} series, actually a modified {T-39}. The T-49 was used to develop a better inlet design, compatible with a big radar. The radar was in a fixed nose cone, at the sides of which two sharp-edged 'sector' intakes were placed. Testing was abandoned after an accident. T-58, Sukhoi Prototype of the {Su-15}. T-431, Sukhoi Record-setting aircraft, _probably_ a version of the {Su-9} / {Su-11} series. TA, Chetverikov All-metal transport amphibian. It was an ungainly shoulder-wing aircraft. Two TAs and one {TAF} were built, because in 1948 the Chetverikov bureau ceased to exist. Type: TA-1 Function: transport Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 700hp ASh-21 Wing Span: 17.80m Length: 14.00m Height: Wing Area: 43.6m2 Empty Weight: 4510kg Max.Weight: Speed: 328km/h at 1700m Ceiling: Range: 700km Load: 6-8 seats, 1000kg TA-1, Tairov Twin-engined escort figher. The TA-1 was a compact monoplane of mixed construction. The second prototype (TA-1bis) had twin tailfins to cure a directional stability problem. Development was continued as the {TA-3}. Type: TA-1bis Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1100hp Tumansky M-88R Wing Span: 12.66m Length: 9.83m Height: 3.76m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 6000kg Speed: 595km/h Ceiling: Range: 1060km Armament: 4*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm TA-3, Tairov The TA-3 was based on the {TA-1}, but with a larger wing and heavy cannon armament. Performance was good, but production plans were cancelled because of the difficult military situation in 1942. Type: TA-3 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1150hp M-89 Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 12.20m Height: 3.76m Wing Area: 33.50m2 Empty Weight: 4500kg Max.Weight: 6626kg Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: Range: 2065km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g20mm TAF, Chetverikov Photographic reconnaissance version of the {TA}. One built. TB-1, Tupolev An angular monoplane, of all-metal construction with corrugated skinning. The TB-1 was similar to the German Junkers designs, and very modern for its time. In 1929, one made a flight from Moscow eastward to New York. The TB-1 was the backbone of the Russian bomber force for many years. 212 were built, 66 in the TB-1P torpedo-bomber version. After they were obsolete, they were converted to {G-1} transport aircraft. Type: TB-1 Function: bomber Year: 1929 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 680hp M-17 Wing Span: 28.70m Length: 18.01m Height: Wing Area: 120m2 Empty Weight: 4520kg Max.Weight: 6810kg Speed: 207km/h Ceiling: Range: 1000km Armament: 6*mg7.62mm 1000kg TB-2, Junkers See {R-42}. TB-2, Polikarpov Sesquiplane bomber. No production, because the {TB-3} was preferred. Type: TB-2 Function: bomber Year: 1930 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 680hp BMW VI Speed: 216km/h Ceiling: Range: 1200km Armament: 800kg TB-3, Tupolev Angular mid-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear, a four-engined development of the {TB-1}. For some time, the USSR had the largest heavy bomber force in the world and the TB-3 was one of the most impressive heavy bombers. In WWII some were used as transports, but then the aircraft was completely obsolete; they were retired after 1942. 818 built. Type: TB-3 Function: bomber Year: 1930 Crew: 8 Engines: 4 * 610kW AM-34 Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 2000km Armament: 10*mg7.62mm TB-4, Tupolev Six-engined bomber. Four engines were installed in the wings, and a tandem pair above the fuselage. The TB-4 was a development of the {TB-3}. Type: TB-4 Function: bomber Year: 1933 Crew: Engines: 6 * 620kW M-34 Wing Span: 54m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g20mm 10*mg 10000kg TB-5, Grigorivich Monoplane bomber, designed by a detainee design bureau. The TB-5 had a fabric-covered metal structure. It was a shoulder-wing aircraft with twin tailfins. It was designed for two engines, but these later had to be replaced later by four less powerful engines in tandem, underwing nacelles. Performance was poor, and the TB-5 prototype was lost in a crash. No more were built. Type: TB-5 Function: bomber Year: 1931 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 450hp Bristol Jupiter VI Wing Span: 31.00m Length: 22.10m Height: 5.80m Wing Area: 150.0m2 Empty Weight: 7483kg Max.Weight: Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 2600m Range: Armament: 6*mg7.62mm TB-6, Tupolev See {ANT-26}. TB-7, Petlyakov See {Pe-8}. TB-16, Tupolev Six-engined bomber, 1933. Did not enter production. Tereshchenko 7 Two-seat reconaissance fighter. The Tereshchenko No 7 had side-by- side seating, was of wooden construction with fabric covering, and had slightly sweptback biplane wings. One built. Type: 7 Function: reconaissance / fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Wing Span: 8.00m Length: 6.00m Height: Wing Area: 22.00m2 Empty Weight: 500kg Max.Weight: 860kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Tikhonravov 302P The 302P was a straight-wing aircraft of conventional layout, but powered by a rocket engine in the tail and two ramjets beneath the wings. Only flown as a glider. Type: 302P Function: experimental Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3100lb RD-1400 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: TIS, Polikarpov The TIS was a twin-engined heavy escort fighter. It was an advanced aircraft, but it was abandoned after the death of Polikarpov, when his design bureau was disbanded. Type: TIS(A) Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1400hp Mikulin AM-37 Wing Span: 15.50m Length: 11.70m Height: 4.35m Wing Area: 34.85m2 Empty Weight: 6281kg Max.Weight: 8968kg Speed: 535km/h Ceiling: 10250m Range: 1720km Armament: 10*mg7.62mm 2*g20mm TK-1, Bolchovitinov Planned 'cruiser' development of the {DB-A} with three 20mm cannon and 5 machineguns. Not built. Torpedo, Olkhovksy Two-seat monoplane fighter with a wooden monococque fuselage, the first such aircraft built in Russia. One built. Type: Torpedo Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: 5000m Range: Armament: TS-1, Shcherbakov See {Shche-2}. Ts-25, Tsybin 'Mist' Cargo glider, first observed in 1949. TSh-1, Grigorovich Attack aircraft, derived from the {R-5}. It was extensively armoured, but this resulted in an overweight aircraft, and the engine overheated. It was abandoned in favour of the {TSh-2}. Type: TSh-1 Function: attack Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 680hp M-17 Wing Span: 15.5m Length: 10.56m Height: Wing Area: 51.2m2 Empty Weight: 2495kg Max.Weight: Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: 650km Armament: 12*mg7.62mm TSh-2, Grigorovich Armoured ground-attack biplane, derived from the {TSh-1}, with new lower wing panels that made the internal installation of guns possible. Ten were built, but the project was already outdated. Type: TSh-2 Function: attack Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 680hp M-17 Wing Span: 15.5m Length: 10.56m Height: Wing Area: 51.2m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 213km/h Ceiling: 4220m Range: 650km Armament: 12*mg7.62mm Tsibin See {LL}. TsKB-1, Kotsjerigin See {LR}. TsKB-3, Polikarpov See {I-15}. TsKB-5, Grigorovich See {LSh}. TsKB-6, Grigorovich See {TSh-1}. TsKB-8, Grigorovich See {TB-5}. TsKB-11, Kocherigin See {DI-6}. TsKB-12, Polikarpov See {I-16}. TsKB-15, Polikarpov First prototype of the {I-17}. TsKB-16, Ilyushin Design for a flying wing bomber. Not built. TsKB-19, Polikarpov See {I-17}. TsKB-21, Grigorovich See {TSh-1}. TsKB-23, Grigorovich See {ShON}. TsKB-26, Ilyushin Original prototype of the {DB-3}. It had a wooden monocoque fuselage, Gnome-Rhone engines, an open cockpit, and no armament. Type: TsKB-26 Function: bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 765hp Gnome-Rhone 14K Mistral Major Wing Span: 21.40m Length: 13.70m Height: Wing Area: 65.5m2 Empty Weight: 4100kg Max.Weight: Speed: 390km/h at 3250m Ceiling: 10000m Range: 4000km TsKB-30, Ilyushin Prototype of the {DB-3}, derived from the {TsKB-26}, but with a metal fuselage, an internal bomb bay, and defensive armament. The prototype was used for some long-distance flights. TsKB-32 See Ilyushin {I-21}. TsKB-33, Polikarpov Development of the {I-17} with evaporative cooling. Cancelled. TsKB-34, Polikarpov Development of the {I-17} with a Hispano-Suiza engine. Cancelled. TsKB-44, Polikarpov Close support aircraft, a twin-engined low-wing monoplane powered by two 716kW M-103 engines. It had a max speed of 450km/h. 1937, prototype only. TsKB-55, Ilyushin See {BSh-2}. TsKB-56, Ilyushin See {DB-4}. TsKB-57, Ilyushin Prototype of the single-seat version of the {Il-2}. It was derived from the {TsKB-55}. Tu-1, Tupolev The Tu-1 was a development of the {Tu-2}S light bomber. It was intended as an all-weather fighter, carrying a derivative of the German FuG 220 Lichtenstein SN-2 radar in the nose. Like other nations, the USSR was already considering piston-engined fighters obsolete. One built. Type: Tu-1 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 3 Engines: 1950hp Mikulin AM-43V Wing Span: 18.86m Length: 13.60m Height: Wing Area: 48.80m2 Empty Weight: Max. Weight: 14460kg Speed: 641km/h Ceiling: Range: 2250km Armament: 4*g23mm Tu-2, Tupolev 'Bat' A fast twin-engined bomber, built from 1942 to 1948. The Tu-2 was the USSR's second important twin-engined bomber, and brought Tupolev back into favour after a period of detention. 2527 were built, of which about 1100 before the end of WWII. It also fought in the Korean war. Type: Tu-2S Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1850hp Shvetsov ASh-82FN Wing Span: 18.86m Length: 13.80m Height: 4.55m Wing Area: 48.80m2 Empty Weight: 7474kg Max.Weight: 11360kg Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: 10970m Range: 2500km Armament: 2*g20mm 3*mg12.7mm b1500kg Tu-4, Tupolev 'Bull' This was a copy of the Boeing {B-29} Superfortress. The US refused to deliver the B-29 to the USSR, but some made emergency landings on Soviet territories during attacks on Japan. The USSR, then not at war with Japan, confiscated them. The Tu-4 was not, as is often said, an exact copy of the B-29; changes were made to armament and construction, partly because of inability of the industry to produce some advanced parts and partly because the construction had to be adapted to metric measures. But the study of its technology was a big step forward. Over 420 were built. China acquired some, powered by AI-20 turboprop engines, and used them as AEW aircraft. Type: Tu-4 Function: Bomber Year: 1947 Crew: Engines: 4 * 1790kW Shvetsov ASh-73TK Wing Span: 43.08m Length: 30.19m Height: Wing Area: 161.70m2 Empty Weight: 35270kg Max.Weight: 66000kg Speed: 558km/h Ceiling: 11200m Range: 5100km Armament: 10*12.7mm, 20mm or 23mm. 8000kg Tu-6, Tupolev Development of the {Tu-2} for high altitude reconaissance. Tu-8, Tupolev Development of the {Tu-2}. 1946. Tu-10, Tupolev Post-WWII development of the {Tu-2}. About 50 were built, with 1490kW AM-42 engines. Tu-12, Tupolev Twin-engined jet bomber, using the wing and tail of the {Tu-2}, but with tricycle landing gear. Producton was limited to about 50. Type: Tu-12 Function: bomber Year: 1947 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 2268kg R.R. Nene Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Tu-14, Tupolev 'Bosun' The Tu-14 was an early jet bomber, built only in small numbers (about 100) because of the succes of the {Il-28}. Most went to the AV-MF. There were also reconnaissance and torpedo-bomber versions. Type: Tu-14 Function: bomber Year: 1947 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 2700kg Klimov VK-1 Speed: 845km/h Ceiling: 11200m Range: 3010km Armament: 2*g23mm 3000kg Tu-16, Tupolev 'Badger' A jet-engined medium bomber. The use of only two, but very powerful, engines was a surprise. The Tu-16 also featured moderate wing sweep, and landing gear which folds into streamlined pods on the wings. It was initially armed with free-fall bombs, but later models carried cruise missiles. The Tu-16 is also used for ECM and ELINT missions, and as tanker. Small numbers have been built in China as the H-6. Type: Tu-16 Badger-G Function: bomber Year: 1954 Crew: 7 Engines: 2 * 9500kg Mikulin RD-3M Wing Span: 32.93m Length: 36.25m Height: 14.00m Wing Area: 164.65m2 Empty Weight: 37200kg Max.Weight: 75800kg Speed: 992km/h Ceiling: 12300m Range: 7250km Armament: 7*g23mm 9000kg Tu-20, Tupolev 'Bear' This was intended to be the official designation of the {Tu-95} "Bear". It became better known under its factory designation, and in the end this was officially adopted. Tu-22, Tupolev 'Blinder' Supersonic medium-range bomber, a swept-wing aircraft with two engines positioned as the base of the tailfin. Its limited range was its main disadvantage. About 250 were built. Some were exported to Lybia and Iraq. Type: Tu-22 Function: bomber Year: 1960 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 11800kg Dobrynin VD-7M Wing Span: 23.50m Length: 42.60m Height: 10m Wing Area: 162m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 92000kg Speed: 1610km/h Ceiling: 18300m Range: 2200km Armament: 1*g23mm 12000kg Tu-22M, Tupolev 'Backfire' In the past, this aircraft has also been described as the {Tu-26}, because it has virtually nothing in common with the {Tu-22} "Blinder". The Tu-22M is a big jet bomber with a variable geometry wing. It is used as cruisee missile carrier and naval patrol aircraft. Despite its size, Backfire has D-shaped or rectangular (C version) wing root intakes, just like a fighter. About 240 are now assumed to be in service. Upgrades are planned, because a replacement will probably not be available. Type: Tu-22M3 'Backfire-C' Function: bomber Year: Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 245.3kN Kuznetsov NK-25 Wing Span: 34.28m / 23.30m Length: 42.46m Height: Wing Area: 183.58m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 126400kg Speed: 2000km/h Ceiling: 13300m Range: 12000km Armament: 1*g23mm 12000kg Tu-24, Tupolev 'Moss' Possibly the service designation of the {Tu-126}. Tu-26, Tupolev 'Backfire' This is the designation originally reported for the 'Backfire' bomber. During arms reduction talks, the US claimed that the Tu-26 was an all-new aircraft and a strategic bomber; the USSR said that the 'Backfire' was a development of the 'Blinder' and had no strategical capability. It is almost certain that 'Backfire' is an entirely new design, but lacks the range for a strategic role -- Tupolev now claims a radius of action of only 2200km. The USSR designated it {Tu-22M}, allegedly because this made it easier to get budgets approved. Tu-28, Tupolev 'Fiddler' This was the prototype of the {Tu-128}P. Tu-70, Tupolev Passenger-carrying derivative of the {Tu-4}. Tu-72, Tupolev Project for a three-engine bomber. Tu-73, Tupolev Tactical bomber, flown in 1947. The {Il-28} was preferred. Tu-74, Tupolev Reconaissance version of the {Tu-73}. Tu-75, Tupolev Transport aircraft developed from the {Tu-70}. One built. The Tu-75 was armed (the Tu-70 was not) with three gun turrets. Tu-77, Tupolev Design bureau designation of the {Tu-12}. Tu-80, Tupolev Heavy bomber, a much redesigned derivative of the {Tu-4}. With a longer fuselage a much bigger wing, it carried more fuel. A conventional stepped windscreen was fitted. Performance did not meet requirerements. No production. Type: Tu-80 Function: bomber Year: 1949 Crew: Engines: 4 * 1790kW ASh-73TKFN Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 650km/h Ceiling: Range: 8200km Armament: 10*g23mm Tu-81, Tupolev Design bureau designation of the {Tu-14}. Tu-82, Tupolev Swept-wing jet bomber. No production. Type: Tu-82 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: Speed: 934km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Tu-85, Tupolev 'Barge' Bomber, a scaled-up {Tu-80} with intercontinental range, able to carry five tons over 12000km. But production was undertaken, because jet fighters had made it obsolete. The swept-wing {Tu-95} was much more promising. The Tu-85 was the last Soviet bomber with reciprocating engines. Two were built, the second one with 4500hp Shvetsov ASh-2K engines. Type: Tu-85 Function: bomber Year: 1951 Crew: 8 Engines: 4 * 4300hp Dobrynin VD-4K Wing Span: 56m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 107300kg Speed: 638km/h at 10000m Ceiling: Range: 13000km Armament: 10*g23mm 18000kg Tu-86, Tupolev Jet bomber project, a derivative of the {Tu-14} with a swept wing. Powered by TR-3 engines. Abandoned, because the {Tu-88} design was preferred. Tu-88, Tupolev Prototype of the {Tu-16}. Tu-91, Tupolev 'Boot' Naval attack bomber. The operational need for the Tu-91 disappeared after Stalin's death, when the ship-building programme was cut back and the carriers cancelled. The Tu-91 had a powerful turboprop in the mid fuselage behind the cockpit, with split exhausts behind the wing roots, driving a big three-bladed contra-rotating propeller on the nose. The Tu-91 had straight wings, but slightly swept tail surfaces. Type: Tu-91 Function: attack Year: 1955 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 7650hp TV-2M Wing Span: 16.4m Length: 17.7m Height: 5.06m Wing Area: 47.48 m2 Empty Weight: 12850kg Max.Weight: 14400kg Speed: 800km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 2350km Armament: 1500kg Tu-93, Tupolev Version of the {Tu-14} with more fuel-efficient VK-5E engines. Tu-95, Tupolev 'Bear' The Tu-95 is in many respects an unlikely aircraft. It is an heavy bomber with a slender fuselage, swept wings, and four extremely powerful turboprop engines driving contrarotating propellers. Originally an intercontinental bomber (Bear-A) armed with freefall nuclear bombs. The Tu-95K Bear-B carried the Kh-20 stand-off missile, and Tu-95KM Bear-C the Kh-20M. The Tu-95RT Bear-D was a maritile reconnaissance version, and the Tu-95MR Bear-E a reconnaissance aircraft. The Tu-95K-22 Bear-G was armed with the conventional K-22 anti-ship missile. The redesigned {Tu-142} (Bear-F and Bear-J) was a dedicated maritime patrol aircraft. The new airframe was also used by the Tu-95MS Bear-H cruise missile carrier. More than 30 years after its first appearance, the Tu-95 was still in production. Type: Tu-95 Bear-A Function: bomber Year: 1955 Crew: 9 Engines: 4 * 12000hp Kuznetsov NK-12 Wing Span: 50.04m Length: 46.17m Height: Wing Area: 283.7m2 Empty Weight: 73230kg Max.Weight: 156080kg Speed: 890km/h Ceiling: 11800m Range: 12100km Armament: 10890kg 6*g23mm Type: Tu-95KM 'Bear-C' Function: bomber Year: 1961 Crew: 9 Engines: 4 * 14795hp Kuznetsov NK-12MV Wing Span: 50.04m Length: 48.7m Height: Wing Area: 283.7m2 Empty Weight: 79400kg Max.Weight: 165150kg Speed: 860km/h Ceiling: 11600m Range: Armament: 10700kg 6*g23mm Type: Tu-95MS Bear-H Function: bomber Year: 1979 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 14795hp Kuznetsov NK-12MP Wing Span: 50.04m Length: 49.13m Height: Wing Area: 289.9m2 Empty Weight: 81670kg Max.Weight: 167880kg Speed: 830km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: Armament: 6*g23mm, six cruise missiles Tu-96, Tupolev High-altitude bomber development of the {Tu-95}. Originally intended with 12500hp NK-16 engines, but NK-12M engines were installed instead in the prototype. It was made obsolete by the appearance of guided missiles. One built. Type: Tu-96 Function: bomber Year: 1956 Crew: 8 Engines: 4 * 15000hp NK-12M Wing Span: 51.4m Length: 46.2m Height: Wing Area: 345.5m2 Empty Weight: 64310kg Max.Weight: 312000kg Speed: 880km/h Ceiling: 12400m Range: 15000km Armament: 6*g23mm Tu-98, Tupolev 'Backfin' Jet bomber. The Tu-98 was a swept-wing aircraft with engine intakes high on the forward fuselage, halfway the cockpit and the wing leading edges. There was no production, but from 1956 to 1960 Western sources claimed that the aircraft was in service as the 'Yak-42'. The {Tu-102} and {Tu-128} were derived from it. Type: Tu-98 Function: bomber Year: 1955 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * Lyulka AL-7 Speed: 1240km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Tu-102, Tupolev 'Fiddler' Design bureau designation of the prototype of the {Tu-28}, the prototype of the {Tu-128}P. It was derived from the {Tu-98} bomber. Tu-104, Tupolev 'Camel' Civil transport derivative of the {Tu-16} bomber, with a new fuselage. A small number was used by the VVS for training and personnel transport. Type: Tu-104B Function: transport Year: 1959 Crew: Engines: 2 * 9700kg Mikulin AM-3M-500 Wing Span: 34.54m Length: 40.05m Height: 11.90m Wing Area: 183.50m2 Empty Weight: 41600kg Max.Weight: 76000kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: Tu-105, Tupolev 'Blinder' Designer's designation of the {Tu-22}. Tu-107, Tupolev Experimental military transport version of the {Tu-104}. Tu-110, Tupolev Four-engined development of the {Tu-104}. Only a prototype was built, that was used by the VVS after Aeroflot rejected the type. Tu-114, Tupolev 'Cleat' Airliner derivative of the {Tu-95}. It has a wider fuselage, positioned higher relative to the wing. Tu-116, Tupolev This was a minimal adaptation of the {Tu-95} bomber with a VIP interior. Two were built, intended for Krushev and Bulganin, but were never used by them. Instead, the Tu-116 was used by Tu-95 units to transport technical staff. Tu-119, Tupolev Project for a nuclear-powered bomber. One proposal was a derivative of the {Tu-95} with conventional NK-12 outboard engines and nuclear NK-14 inboard engines. A reactor was flown on a modified Tu-95, but did not contribute to the propulsion. Tu-124, Tupolev 'Cookpot' Jet airliner, a smaller derivative of the {Tu-104} with turbofan instead of turbojet engines. A small number was used by the military. Type: Tu-124 Function: transport Year: 1962 Crew: Engines: 2 * 5400kg Soloviev D-20P Wing Span: 35.55m Length: 30.58m Height: 8.08m Wing Area: 119m2 Empty Weight: 22500kg Max.Weight: 38000kg Speed: 970km/h Ceiling: 11700m Range: Load: 56 seats Tu-126, Tupolev 'Moss' The {Tu-114}, a civil development of the {Tu-95} 'Bear' with a more capacious fuselage, was the basis for the first Soviet AWACS aircraft, the 'Moss'. A large rotating radar dish is carried on a pylon on top of the fuselage. Its (lack of) capability has been the subject of many contradictory assesments. Eight built between 1965 and 1967. Carries two complete 12-man crews. Type: Tu-126 Function: AWACS Year: 1968 Crew: 24 Engines: 4 * 14795hp Kuznetsov NK-12MV Wing Span: 51.4m Length: 51.4m Height: 15.5m Wing Area: 311.1m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 155172kg Speed: 790km/h Ceiling: 10700m Range: 7000km Armament: Tu-128P, Tupolev 'Fiddler' The Tu-28 is a development of the {Tu-98} bomber. It is probably the largest fighter ever built, and armed with outsized missiles. About 200 were built, to patrol to vast areas of Siberia, which are not protected by a SAM screen. It was retired in 1990. Type: Tu-28P Function: fighter Year: 1966 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 11000kg Lyulka AL-7F-4 Wing Span: 17.50m Length: 30.00m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max. Weight: 43000kg Speed: 1900km/h Ceiling: 18300m Range: 3200km Armament: Tu-134, Tupolev Jet airliner, a development of the {Tu-124} with two engines attached to the aft fuselage. Some are in military service to train to pilots of the {Tu-22M} or the {Tu-160}. Type: Tu-143A Function: transport Year: 1962 Crew: Engines: 2 * 3090kg Soloviev D-30-II Wing Span: 29.00m Length: 37.05m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 29050kg Max.Weight: 47000kg Speed: 885km/h Ceiling: 11890m Range: Load: 84 seats Tu-142, Tupolev 'Bear' The Tu-142 was a anti-submarine warfare development of the {Tu-95} 'Bear'. It had a new wing with a supercritical profile, a redesigned cockpit, a longer front fuselage, hydraullically boosted controls, and larger fuel tanks. The later developments of the Tu-95 adopted this new fuselage. The first Tu-142 batch had 12-wheel maingear bogies, because the AV-MF wanted to operate this enormous aircraft to operate from dirt strips, but later conventional four-wheel bogied were fitted. The Tu-142MR Bear-J is a communications relay aircraft, with a trailing antenna wire system for long-wave communications with submarines. Type: Tu-142 'Bear-F' Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * 14795hp Kuznetsov NK-12MV Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 289.9m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g23mm Tu-160, Tupolev 'Blackjack' Variable geometry bomber, similar in appearance to the American Rockwell {B-1} but much bigger. Production has been halted after the collapse of the USSR. Only 12 are currently in service, and very few of those are in operational condition. Type: Tu-160 'Blackjack-A' Function: bomber Year: Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 25015kg Samara Trud Nk-231 Wing Span: 55.70m/35.60m Length: 54.10m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 275000kg Speed: M1.88 Ceiling: 16000m Range: 14000km Armament: 40000 kg Tu-200, Tupolev This appeared in Western journals as the designation of a Soviet six-engined bomber, equivalent to the {B-26}. It did not exist. Probably the basis of these rumours was provided by the designs 471 and 485 for a bomber with six ASh-473TK engines. Tu-245, Tupolev Factory designation for an upgraded version of the {Tu-22M}. Tu-330, Tupolev High-wing jet-engined STOL transport, development of which began in 1994. The goal is for a 103500kg aircraft, with a maximum payload of 35000kg. It is not clear what will be done with the design, after the {An-70} was selected as the future tactical transport of the Russian Air Force. Tu-DB, Tupolev Long-range version of the {Tu-2}, powered by 1640kW AM-44TK engines. --U--------------------------------------------------------------------- U-1, Dudakov-Konstatinov From 1923 to 1931 the British {Avro 504}K was built in Leningrad. 664 built. U-2, Polikarpov Trainer biplane. The U-2 (Later it was renamed {Po-2}) was built from wood and fabric and had a rather mediocre performance. It flew first in 1928; when production ended over 33000 had built --- possibly close to 40000. The U-2 flew combat missions as night attack aircraft during WWII and in Korea. It was so successful that the Germans began to use training aircraft in this role too. Type: U-2 Function: trainer Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 125hp M-11D Wing Span: 11.40m Length: 8.70m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 33.15m2 Empty Weight: 770kg Max.Weight: 1350kg Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 530km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm b250kg U-22, Sukhoi Design bureau designation for the trainer version of the {Su-7}. U-43, Sukhoi Design bureau designation for the trainer version of the {Su-9}. U-58, Sukhoi Design bureau designation for the trainer version of the {Su-15}. USB, Tupolev Training version of the {SB}, also known as SB-3. UT-1, Yakovlev Acrobatic trainer, a single-engined low-wing monoplane. 1241 were built. In 1941 a few were used as light attack aircraft. Type: UT-1 Function: trainer Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: UT-2, Yakovlev Two-seat monoplane trainer, a simple aircraft with fixed landing gear. 7243 were built, and they served until long after the war. Type: UT-2 Function: trainer Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150hp M-11E Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 7.00m Height: Wing Area: 17.12m2 Empty Weight: 6161kg Max.Weight: 856kg Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 500km UT-3, Yakovlev Three-seat crew trainer, powered by two 2120hp MV-6 engines. Only about 30 were built. UTB-2, Sukhoi The UTB-2 was a trainer derivative of the {Tu-2}. The UTB-2 was structurally similar, but because of the elimination of combat equipment it was much lighter, and this allowed the use of less powerful engines. The front fuselage was widened to make room for a trainee and instructor side-by-side. Type: UTB-2 Function: trainer Year: 1946 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 522kW ASh-21 Wing Span: 18.86m Length: 13.99m Height: 4.45m Wing Area: 48.8m2 Empty Weight: 5385kg Max.Weight: Speed: 391km/h at 2100m Ceiling: 7000m Range: 950km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 200kg UTI-1, Polikarpov Trainer version of the {I-5}. About 20 built. UTI-4, Polikarpov Trainer version of the {I-16}. UTI-26, Yakovlev Trainer version of the {Yak-1}. Renamed {Yak-7}V. --V--------------------------------------------------------------------- V-50, Kamov Design for an attack helicopter with tandem rotors (rather than the usual Kamov coaxial rotors). The V-50 was designed for a speed of 400km/h. Abandoned. 1969. V-60, Kamov Design for a light (3500kg) attack helicopter. Abandoned. 1980s. V-80, Kamov Design for a fighter helicopter, intended to combat other helicopters. Abandoned. 1971. Later the designation V-80 was reused for the design of the {Ka-50}. V-100, Kamov Design for a heavy attack helicopter. The V-100 design had rotors on the tips of a wing, and a pusher propeller to exceed the speed of 400km/h. Abandoned. Vb-109, Myasichew High-altitude bomber development of the {Pe-2}. Type: Vb-109 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1850hp Klimov VK-108 Speed: 710km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4000kg VI, Anatra The Anatra VI (Voisin Iwanov) was a development of the French Voisin {LAS} pusher biplane with minor changes. 1916. Over 150 built. VI-100, Petlyakov The VI-100 was an all-metal monoplane interceptor, designed to be equipped with a pressure cabin and turbo-superchargers, but these were not available when the prototype was built. The requirement for an high-altitude fighter was dropped, and the VI-100 was modified to become the PB-100, prototype of the famous {Pe-2} light bomber. Type: VI-100 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1050hp Klimov M-105 Wing Span: 17.16m Length: 12.60m Height: Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 620km/h Ceiling: Range: 1500km Armament: 4*g20mm 1*mg7.62mm VIT-1, Polikarpov Anti-tank aircraft, developed from the {TsKB-44}. The VIT-1 was a clean, twin-engined aircraft armed with a long-barrelled 37mm cannon in each wing root. Type: VIT-1 Function: anti-tank Year: 1937 Crew: Engines: 2 * 960hp M-103 Wing Span: 16.5m Length: 11.7m Height: Wing Area: 40.4m2 Empty Weight: 4013kg Max.Weight: Speed: 494km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g37mm 2*mg7.62mm ShKAS 600kg VIT-2, Polikarpov Anti-tank aircraft, an improved version of the VIT-1. Type: VIT-2 Function: anti-tank Year: 1938 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1050hp M-105 Wing Span: 16.5m Length: 10.8m Height: Wing Area: 40.76m2 Empty Weight: 4330kg Max.Weight: Speed: 500km/h at 4500m Ceiling: 9000m Range: Armament: 2*g20mm 1400kg VKh, Anatra The VKh used two Anatra {D} or {DS} fuselages, joined by a new wing. Two built. Type: VKh Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 140hp Salmson Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: VM-24, Myasichew Late 1940s design for a tactical jet bomber. Rejected. VM-T, Myasichew A rather unique modification of the {M-4} 'Bison' bomber to carry huge loads on its back. The tail unit has been replaced by one with twin, very big, rectangular fins. A typical photograph shows the VM-T carrying a pod with a cross-section twice that of its own fuselage! VM-T was built for the Buran space-shuttle programme and the Energia launcher. VNP, Bratukhin See {B-10}. VP(K), Polikarpov Design for a high-altitude interceptor. Abandoned after the death of Polikarpov in July 1944. VT-2, Yakovlev Floatplane version of the {UT-2}. VT-11, Polikarpov Prototypes of the {I-5}. VT means 'State Prison' and is indicative of the status that the designers had. VT-12, Polikarpov See {VT-11}. VT-13, Polikarpov See {VT-11}. VVA-14, Bartini-Beriev The VVA-14 was an extraordinary ground-effect aircraft. It had a big fuselage and two enormous 'pods' connected to the fuselage by large aerofoil fairings, containing in all 12 lift jet engines for vertical take-off. Two engines were fitted to the forward fuselage would create an air cushion by blowing their exhaust in the narrow channels between fuselage and 'pods'. Two more engines were fitted on top of the fuselage, above a slender wing fitted well back. Three prototypes were built. It is believed that the lift engines were never fitted. Type: VVA-14 Function: ASW Year: 1972 Crew: Engines: 4 * Soloviev D-30N 12 * Koliesev RD36-35PR Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: --W--------------------------------------------------------------------- --X--------------------------------------------------------------------- --Y--------------------------------------------------------------------- Ya-10, Yakovlev Prototype of the {UT-2}. Ya-20, Yakovlev See {UT-2}. Ya-22, Yakovlev Twin-engined fighter and reconaissance aircraft. The Ya-22 had a high performance, and {I-29} fighter and {R-12} reconnaissance versions were proposed. It was insisted that the aircraft would be developed into a light bomber, the {Yak-4}, but this aircraft had lower performance because of the added armament. Type: Ya-22 Function: Fighter / reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 960hp Klimov M-103 Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 10.18m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 29.40m2 Empty Weight: 3796kg Max.Weight: Speed: 567km/h Ceiling: Range: 1050km Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg7.62mm Yak-1, Yakovlev The Yak-1 was the first of a line of small, nimble fighters, relatively primitive in many respects, but easy to build and maintain, and with fine performance and handling at low altitude. They were lightly armed and had low performance at higher altitude. The Yak-series was the most important Soviet fighter of WWII. 8721 Yak-1s were built. Type: Yak-1 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Klimov M-105PA Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 8.47m Height: 1.70m Wing Area: 17.15m2 Empty Weight: 2410kg Max.Weight: 2895kg Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 850km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm b200kg Yak-2, Yakovlev Precursor of the {Yak-4} light bomber, 1940. Yak-3, Yakovlev See {I-30}. This was not related to the later {Yak-3}, although both were derivatives of the {Yak-1}. Yak-3, Yakovlev The Yak-3 was a lightweight interceptor development of the {Yak-1}. It was one of the lightest and nimblest fighters of WWII, with a maximum TO weight of only 2660kg. This resulted in a fighter that had some limitations, but excelled in fighter vs. fighter combat at low altitudes. The VK-107 engine originally planned was available too late for combat in WWII, and most had the old VK-105 engine. There was also an one-off model with a M-82 radial engine. 4848 were built. Type: Yak-3 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1300hp Klimov VK-105PF-2 Wing Span: 9.20m Length: 8.49m Height: 2.42m Wing Area: 14.83m2 Empty Weight: 2105kg Max.Weight: 2550kg Speed: 655km/h Ceiling: 10800m Range: 900km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm Yak-4, Yakovlev Development of the {Ya-22}. The Yak-4 was a twin-engined, good-looking light bomber, but too vulnerable for ground-attack missions. The few built were later used for high-altitude reconnaissance. Total production of the Yak-4 and {Yak-2} combined was about 600. Type: Yak-4 Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 783kW Klimov M-105R Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 9.34m Height: Wing Area: 29.70m2 Empty Weight: 4000kg Max.Weight: 5200kg Speed: 545km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: 1200km Armament: 2-3*mg7.62mm b800kg Yak-5, Yakovlev The Yak-5 was developed in parallel with the {Yak-1} and looked very similar, but it was a dedicated high-altitude fighter. It had a mechanical two-stage supercharger, which was too troublesome. Therefore the Yak-5 did not enter production. Three built. Type: Yak-5 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1220hp Klimov M-105PD Wing Span: 9.20m Length: 8.49m Height: 2.42m Wing Area: 14.83m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 650km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 460km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm b200kg Yak-6, Yakovlev Light transport, originally designed as a night bomber. The Yak-6 was a wooden low-wing monoplane. It was used in a variety of transport and liaison roles, and could also fly combat missions as night bomber (also called {NBB}) or support aircraft. About 1000 were built. Type: Yak-6 Function: transport Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 150hp M-11E Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 10.35m Height: Wing Area: 29.60m2 Empty Weight: 1433kg Max.Weight: 2500kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 880km Armament: 1-2*mg7.62mm b500kg, or 6 seats, 500kg Yak-7, Yakovlev The Yak-7V was developed as a trainer version of the {Yak-1}. A second cockpit was added aft of the original one, and wing span was increased. It was found that the extra space for the second cockpit could be used for fuel or armament too, and that the performance of the Yak-7 almost equalled that of the Yak-1. Thus the Yak-7 was again developed to a close support fighter. The two-seat version was also used in combat, for reconnaissance missions. 6399 built. There was also a single prototype with a M-82 radial engine, and an extensively redesigned fuselage to accomodate this. Type: Yak-7B Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1210hp Klimov VK-105PF Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 8.47m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 17.15m2 Empty Weight: 2480kg Max.Weight: 3030kg Speed: 613km/h Ceiling: 10200m Range: 825km Armament: 1*g20mm 1*g12.7mm b200kg Yak-8, Yakovlev The Yak-8 was a slightly larger development of the {Yak-6}. It did not enter production, because the desired uprated engines were not available. Yak-9, Yakovlev The definitive development of the {Yak-1} series. The Yak-9 was a development of the {Yak-7} with metal wing spars. It was built in long-range fighter, ground attack and trainer versions. The Yak-9T carried a 37mm cannon, and the Yak-9B had an internal bomb bay, despite its small size. From mid-1944 onwards the Yak-9 was the numerically most important Soviet fighter. During WWII 14579 were built; production continued until 1948 and totalled 16769. Type: Yak-9D Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1360hp Klimov VK-105PF-3 Wing Span: 9.74m Length: 8.55m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 17.15m2 Empty Weight: 2770kg Max.Weight: 3080kg Speed: 602km/h Ceiling: 10600m Range: 1410km Armament: 1*g20mm 1*mg12.7mm Yak-10, Yakovlev Liaison aircraft, a single-engined high-wing monoplane. About 40 were built. 1944. Yak-11, Yakovlev 'Moose' Trainer, developed from the {Yak-3} fighter but fitted with metal wings, a radial engine, and an elongated cockpit. It was widely used as intermediate trainer. Type: Yak-11 Function: trainer Year: 1946 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 700hp Shvetsov ASh-21 Wing Span: 9.4m Length: 8.5m Height: 3.2m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1831kg Max.Weight: 2475kg Speed: 225kts Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 100kg Yak-12, Yakovlev 'Creek' Small high-wing liaison aircraft. Large numbers were built, including production in Poland and China. Type: Yak-12M Function: liaison Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 175kW Ivchenko AI-14R Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 4160m Range: 760km Load: 3 seats, 300kg Yak-13, Yakovlev Probably an internal design bureau designation. It was a low-wing liaison aircraft, built for comparison with the {Yak-10}. It did not enter production. 1945. Yak-14, Yakovlev Internal bureau designation of the {Yak-10}? Yak-14, Yakovlev 'Mare' Transport glider, 1948. Yak-15, Yakovlev 'Feather' The Yak-15 used the fuselage and wings of the {Yak-3} fighter, but was powered by a jet engine, which was installed in the nose with the exhaust under the wing. In this way the pilots had an easy introduction to jet engines. The engine itself was a copy of the German Jumo 004. About 280 built. Type: Yak-15 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 910kg RD-10 Wing Span: 9.20m Length: 8.70m Height: 2.27m Wing Area: 14.85m2 Empty Weight: 2350kg Max.Weight: 2635kg Speed: 786km/h Ceiling: 12500m Range: 600km Armament: 2*g23mm Yak-16, Yakovlev Small civil transport aircraft, built in limited numbers. The military used some as trainers and liaison aircraft. Type: Yak-16 Function: transport Year: 1948 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 750hp Shvetsov ASh-21 Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 1000km Load: 10 seats Yak-17, Yakovlev 'Feather' / 'Magnet' Development of the {Yak-15}. The Yak-17 had nosewheel landing gear, which was only partially retractable because most of the nose was occupied by the engine. It also had wingtip tanks. Around 430 were built. Type: Yak-17 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1000kg RD-10A Wing Span: 9.20m Length: 8.78m Height: Wing Area: 14.85m2 Empty Weight: 2430kg Max.Weight: 3323kg Speed: 750km/h Ceiling: 13000m Range: 740km Armament: 2*g23mm Yak-18, Yakovlev 'Max' Trainer, a development of the {UT-2} with retractrable landing gear and enclosed cockpit. Some 3500 must be still in service in various countries; over 9000 were built. Type: Yak-18A Function: trainer Year: 1946 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Ivchenko AI-14R Wing Span: 10.30m Length: 8.07m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 263km/h Ceiling: 5060m Range: 710km Yak-19, Yakovlev The Yak-19 was a jet fighter with a straight laminar-flow wing. It was the first Soviet fighter to fly with an afterburner. The Yak-19 was abandoned in favour of aircraft with more powerful engines. Two built. Type: Yak-19 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100kg RD-10F Wing Span: 8.70m Length: 8.36m Height: Wing Area: 13.50m2 Empty Weight: 2192kg Max.Weight: Speed: 907km/h Ceiling: Range: 550km Armament: 2*g23mm Yak-21, Yakovlev 'Feather' Two-seat conversion trainer version of the {Yak-15}. Yak-23, Yakovlev 'Flora' This was a straightforward extrapolation of the {Yak-15} and {Yak-17} series, but with a wing similar to that of the {Yak-19}. The 'Flora' could claim little technological advance, but its handling was highly praised and climb was excellent. The more advanced {MiG-15} entered service at the same time. Therefore the Yak-23 was mainly built for export, also licence-production in the Eastern Block. Type: Yak-23 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1600kg Tumansky RD-500 Wing Span: 8.73m Length: 8.13m Height: 3.31m Wing Area: 13.50m2 Empty Weight: 1980kg Max.Weight: 3384kg Speed: 975km/h Ceiling: 14800m Range: 1400km Armament: 2*g23mm Yak-24, Yakovlev 'Horse' Yakovlev's only production helicopter, a tandem-rotor design beset with technical problems. Around 100 were built. Type: Yak-24 Function: transport Year: 1952 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1270kW Shvetsov ASh-82V Rotor Span: 20.00m Length: Height: Disc Area: 314.15m2 Empty Weight: 10670kg Max.Weight: 14270kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 4200m Range: 265km Load: 24 seats, 4000kg Yak-25, Yakovlev Single-seat jet fighter, a derivative of the {Yak-19}. It also had a straight laminar-flow wing, but the cross-section was different, with a thickness of 9% instead of 12%. The tail surfaces were swept back. Two were built. Type: Yak-25 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1625kg R.R. Derwent Wing Span: 8.88m Length: 8.65m Height: Wing Area: 14.00m2 Empty Weight: 2285kg Max.Weight: Speed: 972km/h Ceiling: Range: 1445km Armament: 3*g23mm Yak-25, Yakovlev 'Flashlight' 'Mangrove' 'Mandrake' The second Yak-25 was a two-seat all-wheater interceptor, a swept-wing aircraft with engines under the wing. The Yak-25 carried fuel for 2.5hr patrols, and was equipped with a large radar weighing 500kg. There was also a tactical reconaissance version (Yak-125) and a bomber version (Yak-26), but these did not enter production. The Yak-25RV 'Mandrake' high altitude reconaissance aircraft, with its wing span of 23.4m, was more successful: 165 were built, including two unmanned versions. The production of the fighter ended after 480 aircraft. Type: Yak-25F Function: fighter Year: 1955 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2630kg Tumansky RD-9 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 15.67m Height: 4.32m Wing Area: 28.94m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 1090km/h Ceiling: 13900m Range: 2730km Armament: 2*g37mm Type: Yak-25RV Function: reconaissance Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 3900kg R-11B-300 Speed: 850km/h Ceiling: 20500m Range: 3500km Yak-26, Yakovlev Tactical bomber developed from the {Yak-25}. Nine built. Yak-27, Yakovlev 'Flashlight' / 'Mangrove' The Yak-27 was an all-weather fighter, derived from the {Yak-25} via the {Yak-26} light bomber. It looked very similar to the Yak-25, but had a pointed nose radome instead of the blunt one of the Yak-25. It never became operational. The 'Mangrove' Yak-27R reconnaissance version was more successful, and about 180 were built. This version had a glazed nose which replaced the radar. There was also a Yak-27V with an auxiliary rocket engine. Type: Yak-27R 'Mangrove' Function: Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * RD-9AF Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 1285km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Yak-28, Yakovlev 'Brewer' / 'Maestro' / 'Firebar' The Yak-28 is a streamlined, swept-wing aircraft with large engine nacelles under the wing. It is not a derivative of the {Yak-25} and {Yak-27}, but a new design, although it has the same configuration. The 'Brewer' was a bomber, the 'Firebar' a fighter, and the 'Maestro' a trainer. Some remained in service until recently, mainly as electronic warfare aircraft. Type: Yak-28I 'Brewer-C' Function: ECM aircraft Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 5750kg Tumansky R-11AF-300 Speed: 1900km/h Ceiling: 16200m Range: 2630km Armament: 1*g23mm 3000kg Type: Yak-28PM Function: fighter Year: 1967 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 58.35kN Tumansky R-11AF-2-300 Wing Span: 11.64m Length: 20.65m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 1890km/h Ceiling: 16000m Range: 2630km Armament: Yak-30, Yakovlev Development of the {Yak-25} single-seat fighter. The Yak-30 had swept wings. It competed with the {MiG-15}. Due to the succes of the latter it didn't enter production. Two built. Type: Yak-30 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1590kg RD-500 Wing Span: 8.65m Length: 8.58m Height: Wing Area: 15.10m2 Empty Weight: 2415kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1025km/h Ceiling: 15000m Range: 1500km Armament: 3*mg23mm Yak-30, Yakovlev Two-seat jet trainer. The USSR decided to buy the Czech {L-29}. Type: Yak-30 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 900kg RU-19 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Yak-32, Yakovlev Single-seat development of the {Yak-30} trainer. Yak-36, Yakovlev 'Freehand' Experimental VTOL fighter. Six built. The Yak-36 had a large split nose intake, with the engines fitted in the front fuselage, and the two rotating nozzles below the wings. In hover it was controlled by small 'puffer' nozzles at the wingtips, tail and in the enormous nose probe. Type: Yak-36 Function: experimental fighter Year: 1963 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 6350kg R-27-300 Speed: 1009km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 370km Armament: 1*g23mm Yak-36M, Yakovlev 'Forger' Prototypes and pre-series version of the {Yak-38}. Yak-38, Yakovlev 'Forger' VTOL fighter-bomber, employed on the small aircraft carriers of the Kiev-class. Formerly identified as the {Yak-36M}P. The Yak-38 uses a main engine with two aft rotating nozzles and a set of small lift engines. It is of limited usefulness, with a high accident rate. 231 built. Type: Yak-38M Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1975 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 6940kg R-27V-300 2 * 3250kg RD-38 Wing Span: 7.32m Length: 15.50m Height: 4.37m Wing Area: 18.50m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 11700kg Speed: 1010km/h Ceiling: 15250m Range: Armament: 3600kg Yak-41, Yakovlev 'Freestyle' The Yak-41 is the world's first supersonic VTOL fighter. It operates with lift engines in the forward fuselage and a vectoring nozzle on the main engine, placed well forward, between twin tail booms. The Yak-41 seems to be more a technology demonstrator than an actual fighter aircraft, and the need to use afterburner for take-off is a distinct problem. Development is continuing, after being halted temporarily. Type: Yak-41 Function: fighter Year: 1989 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 15500kg Soyuz R-79V-300 2 * 4100kg Rybinsk RD-41 Wing Span: 10.10m Length: 18.30m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 19500kg Speed: 1800km/h Ceiling: +15000m Range: 2100km Armament: 1*g30mm 2600kg Yak-44, Yakovlev Carrier-borne AEW aircraft, developed for the Soviet Navy. The Yak-44 is a twin-turboprop engined aircraft similar to the US {E-2} Hawkeye. The official requirement was abandoned in 1993. Yak-50, Yakovlev This was a limited all-wheater development of the {Yak-30}. It adopted a tandem-wheel undercarriage, and magnesium alloys were used to reduce the weight. The Yak-50 was fast, but handling was unsatisfactory, especially during landing. Three built. Type: Yak-50 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2700kg Klimov VK-1 Wing Span: 7.98m Length: 11.20m Height: Wing Area: 16.00m2 Empty Weight: 3125kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1170km/h Ceiling: Range: 1100km Armament: 2*g23mm Yak-52, Yakovlev Development of the {Yak-18}. Yak-120, Yakovlev Design bureau designation of the {Yak-25}. Yak-125, Yakovlev Tactical reconnaissance version of the {Yak-25}. Yak-130, Yakovlev Two-seat jet trainer, developed by Yakovlev in cooperation with Aermacchi. The Yak-130 has a compound-delta wing with leading-edge extensions and winglets, underwing jet intakes, and fly-by-wire controls. It is obviously designed to emulate the characteristics of a modern fighter. It flew first in April 1996. Ten have been ordered. Type: Yak-130 Function: trainer Year: 1995 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 21.57kN Progress RD-35M Wing Span: 10.42m Length: 11.30m Height: 4.72m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 1000km/h Ceiling: Range: 2000km Armament: Yak-131, Yakovlev Light fighter version of the {Yak-130}. Yak-140, Yakovlev Lightweight jet fighter, a sweptwing aircraft with a nose intake and tandem landing gear. The Yak-140 design with the new AM-11 engine had a very good trust-to-weight ratio. But all that was built was a single prototype with an AM-9D engine and this was never flown. Obviously the {MiG-21} was preferred. Type: Yak-140 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * AM-11 Wing Span: 8.00m Length: 12.95m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 1360km/h Ceiling: 16800m Range: 1900km Armament: 3*g30mm Yak-141, Yakovlev 'Freestyle' Prototype of the {Yak-41}, as modified for record attempts. Yak-1000, Yakovlev The Yak-1000 was a high-speed research aircraft. It was the smallest aircraft that could be buit around the powerful AL-5 engine, with a tubular fuselage, a circular nose intake, short-span cropped-delta wings, and bicycle landing gear. The outcome of high-speed taxying trials was such that it was not attempted to fly the Yak-1000. Yak-RD, Yakovlev The Yak-RD was externally very similar to the {Yak-15}, but it was a new design, with a modified wing profile, tail and landing gear. But the {Yak-15} was preferred, because it had more in common with the {Yak-3}. Ye-?, Mikoyan-Gurevich. A 1956 Tushino photograph shows a twin-engined tailed-delta aircraft with an oval nose intake, probably a MiG design. Ye-1, Mikoyan-Gurevich Single-seat jet fighter design. When the more powerful AM-9 engine replaced the AM-5 in the design stage, the type was renamed {Ye-2}. Ye-2, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Faceplate' Single-seat jet fighter. The fuselage was very similar to that of the early {MiG-21}, but the Ye-2 had a swept wing instead of a delta. NATO thought that this aircraft was in service as the MiG-21 and assigned the codename 'Faceplate'. Actually it was the delta-winged {Ye-5} that entered production as the MiG-21. Two built, the second one with the 5100kgp Tumansky AM-11 engine. Type: Ye-2 Function: fighter Year: 1955 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3250kg AM-9B Wing Span: 8.11m Length: 13.23m Height: Wing Area: 21.00m2 Empty Weight: 4340kg Max.Weight: 6250kg Speed: 1900km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: 2000km Armament: 2*g30mm Ye-4, Mikoyan-Gurevich Tailed-delta fighter prototype. Performance was about equal to the {Ye-2} which was very similar but had a plain swept wing. Another prototype was ordered, the {Ye-5}, from which the production {MiG-21} was derived. The Ye-4 was powered by an AM-9 engine. 1955. Ye-5, Mikoyan-Gurevich Development of the {Ye-4} with the more powerful AM-11 engine, built in parallel with the second (and similarly powered) Ye-2. 1956. Development continued as the {Ye-6}. Ye-6, Mikoyan-Gurevich Pre-series version of the early {MiG-21}, development of the {Ye-5}. Some were fited, in the same way as some {Ye-152}s, with small canard foreplanes. Ye-7, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the {MiG-21}PF series. Ye-8, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental fighter. The Ye-8 was a single-seat, single-engined aircraft with a delta wing and tail surfaces similar to that of the {MiG-21}, but also with canard foreplanes. The fuselage was similar to that of the {X-31} or {Eurofighter 2000}, with a rectangular variable geometry intake under the front fuselage, ahead of the wing roots. Two built. Type: Ye-8 Function: fighter Year: 1962 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 15900lb Metskhvarisvili R-21 Wing Span: 7.15m Length: 14.90m Height: Wing Area: 23.13m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 8200kg Speed: 2230km/h Ceiling: 20000m Range: Armament: Ye-9, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the {MiG-21}PFMA. Ye-23DPD, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Faithless' STOL fighter of tailed delta configuration, fitted with two lift engines in the forward fuselage. The variable geometry concept of the {Ye-23IG} was preferred. Type: Ye-23DPD Function: fighter Year: 1966 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 10000kg Lyulka AL-7F 2 * 2000kg Koliesov RD-35-36 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ye-23IG, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the {MiG-23}. Ye-26, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the {MiG-25}. Ye-50, Mikoyan-Gurevich The Ye-50 was a version of the {Ye-2} 'Faceplate' fitted with a small jet engine and a rocket engine at the base of the tailfin. It was intended as a point defence interceptor. Top speed was Mach 2.3, and the Ye-50 may have been considered as a possible Lockheed {U-2} interceptor. After three prototypes, a production batch of 50 was ordered, but these were not built because the rocket engines were unavailable. Type: Ye-50/1 Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3800kg Tumansky AM-9Ye 1 * 1300kg Dushkin S-155 Wing Span: 8.11m Length: 13.62m Height: Wing Area: 21.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 2460km/h Ceiling: 23000m Range: 450km Armament: Ye-150, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Flipper' Technology demonstrator for an all-weather interceptor. The Ye-150 was a tailed delta, optimized for the short-range interceptor role, possibly as an {U-2} interceptor. One built. The operational version would have been the {Ye-152}. The Ye-150 was also intended to test the Tumansky R-15 engine. Type: Ye-150 Function: fighter Year: 1958 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 10150kg Tumansky R-15-300 Speed: 2816km/h Ceiling: Range: 1500km Armament: Ye-152, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Flipper' The Ye-152 was an operational interceptor development of the {Ye-150}. The first Ye-152A had two R-11 engines because the large R-15 was still in development, and in consequence it flew before the Ye-150 it was derived from. The Ye-152/1 and Ye-152/2, which were powered by a single R-13, flew later. The Ye-152 was seen in Tushino in 1961, hence the assignment of a NATO code name, but it never entered service. Mikoyan chose to concentrate on the development of the {Ye-155} ({MiG-25}). Type: Ye-152A Function: fighter Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 5740kg Tumansky R-11F-300 Wing Span: 8.49m Length: 19.00m Height: Wing Area: 34.02m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 13960kg Speed: 2500km/h Ceiling: 19800m Range: 2300km Armament: Type: Ye-152/2 Function: fighter Year: 1961 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 10210kg R-15-300 Wing Span: 8.79m Length: 19.66m Height: Wing Area: 42.02m Empty Weight: 10900kg Max.Weight: 14350kg Speed: 2510km/h Ceiling: 22670m Range: 1470km Armament: Ye-155, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the {MiG-25}. Ye-166, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {E-166}. Ye-266, Mikoyan-Gurevich See {Ye-155}. Yer-2, Yermolayev This almost unknown bomber took part in some nocturnal attacks on Berlin. It originated as a derivative of the STAL-7 transport designed by Bartini. The Yer-2 was a gull-winged aircraft, with the engines and landing gear nacelles fitted at the crank in the wing; it had twin tailfins. Around 320 were built. Sukhoi modified three into VIP transports, with a nine-passenger cabin. Type: Yer-2 Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1100hp Klimov M-105 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 6500kg Max.Weight: 11920kg Speed: 500km/h Ceiling: 7700m Range: 4100km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm b1000kg Yer-4, Yermolayev Development of the {Yer-2} with ACh-30BF diesel engines. One built --Z--------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ========================================================================