------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version of 4 July 1997 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --0--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1MF1, Mitsubishi See {1MF5}. 1MF2, Mitsubishi There were two fighters with the name 1MF2: The 1MF2 biplane, a development of the 1MF1 (See {1MF5}) and the 1MF2 Hayabusa parasol-wing monoplane fighter (See {Hayabusa}). 1MF3, Mitsubishi See {1MF5}. 1MF4, Mitsubishi (Naval Type 10 Carrier-borne Fighter) See {1MF5}. 1MF5, Mitsubishi (Naval Type 10 Carrier-borne Fighter) This biplane fighter was developed for Mitsubishi by an invited team of former Sopwith engineers. The first 1MF1, powered by a 300hp Hispano-Suiza engine, flew in 1921. The 1MF2 had larger wings, and the 1MF3 redesigned radiators. This version was the first one to enter production. The 1MF4 and 1MF5 had some more changes. The 1MFA was a fighter-trainer development. Total production of the 1MF1-5 series was 128. Type: 1MF5 Function: fighter - trainer Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220kW Hispano-Suiza V-8 Wing Span: 8.84m Length: 6.93m Height: 3.13m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 936kg Max.Weight: 1279kg Speed: 213km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h 35m Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 1MF9 Taka, Mitsubishi Biplane carrier fighter. The 1MF9 had a watertight fuselage and wing leading edges, for emergency landings on the water. The Navy selected the Nakajima {A1N} (license-built Gloster {Gambet}) for its requirement. Two built. Type: 1MF9 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 440kW Hisapno-Suiza Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 8.44m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 41.50m2 Empty Weight: 1272kg Max.Weight: 1855kg Speed: 245km/h Ceiling: Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 2*b30kg 1MF10, Mitsubishi Monoplane fighter, a cantilever all-metal low-wing monoplane with fabric wing covering and fixed landing gear. The 1MF10 was intended as a shipboard fighter. Performance was considered to be unsatisfactory. Two built. Type: 1MF10 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 710hp Mitsubishi A-4 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.92m Height: 3.31m Wing Area: 17.70m2 Empty Weight: 1225kg Max.Weight: 1578kg Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.0hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 2MR, Mitsubishi (Navy Type 10 Carrier-borne Reconaissance Biplane) Two-seat reconaissance biplane, designed by Herbert Smith. 159 were built. Type: 2MR Function: reconaissance Year: 1922 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 224kW Hispano-Suiza 8 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2MR8, Mitsubishi (Army Type 92 Reconaissance Aircraft) Parasol-wing reconaissance aircraft, desgined by Alexander Baumann. 230 were built. Type: 2MR8 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1932 Crew: Engines: 1 * 355kW Mitsubishi Type 92 Wing Span: 12.75m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1770kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm 2MT, Mitsubishi See {B1M}. 2NRS, Mitsubishi Parasol-wing aircraft. 3MR4, Mitsubishi See {B2M}. 4MS1, Mitsubishi See {K3M}. 7-Shi Fighter, Nakajima See {Nakajima 7-Shi} Fighter. --A-------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1N, Nakajima (Type 3 Carrier-borne fighter) Licence-built British Gloster {Gambet} biplane fighter. Type: A1N1 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Bristol Jupiter VI Wing Span: 9.70m Length: 6.50m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 218km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 3h 15m Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 4*b9kg A2N, Nakajima (Type 90 Carrier-borne Fighter) The A2N biplane fighter was based broadly on the Boeing {F2B} and {F4B} designs, examples of which were imported in 1928 and 1929. At first it was rejected because it offered too little improvement on the {A1N}, but after redesign it entered service. 106 built. Type: A2N1 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 330kW Bristol Jupiter VI Wing Span: 9.37m Length: 6.18m Height: 3.02m Wing Area: 19.74m2 Empty Weight: 1045kg Max.Weight: Speed: 293km/h Ceiling: 9700m Range: 640km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm A3N, Nakajima Two-seat trainer development of the {A2N}. 66 built. A4N, Nakajima (Type 95 Carrier-borne Fighter) Biplane fighter, an interim type pending introduction of the {A5M}. The A4N was an upgraded {A2N}, externally similar but structurally redesigned. 221 were built, that soon were relegated to training. Type: A4N1 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 730hp Nakajima Hikari 1 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.64m Height: 3.07m Wing Area: 22.89m2 Empty Weight: 1276kg Max.Weight: 1760kg Speed: 352km/h Ceiling: Range: 735km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm A5M, Mitsubishi 'Claude' (Naval type 96 Carrier-borne Fighter) This was the first monoplane fighter of the IJN. It was a cantilever monoplane with fixed landing gear and an open cockpit (the pilots rejected an closed one). The A5M performed well in the wars against China and the USSR and was still the numerically most important Navy fighter in 1941. 1094 built. Type: A5M4 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 580kW Nakajima Kotobuki 41 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.56m Height: 3.27m Wing Area: 17.80m2 Empty Weight: 1263kg Max.Weight: 1822kg Speed: 435km/h Ceiling: 9800m Range: 1200km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 2*b30kg A6M Reisen, Mitsubishi 'Zeke' (Naval Type 0 Carrier-borne fighter) The A6M came as a shock to the allied in 1941 -- this despite earlier reports of its appearance in China. For the first time, a carrier fighter had been built that outperformed landplanes. The A6M was fast, extremely maneuvrable, and had an impressive endurance. But this performance had been achieved by the light construction of the aircraft, and this was the undoing of the type when more powerful allied fighters appeared. Development was unable to keep up with the exigencies of the time, and most of the 10964 built had to fight an increasingly superior opposition. Type: A6M2 model 21 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 925hp Nakajima Sakae 12 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 9.06m Height: 3.05m Wing Area: 22.44m2 Empty Weight: 1680kg Max.Weight: Speed: 533km/h Ceiling: 10300m Range: 3110km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.7mm Type: A6M3 model 32 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 820kW Nakajima NK1F Sakae 12 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 9.06m Height: 3.51m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1810kg Max.Weight: 2544kg Speed: 545km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 2380km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.7mm 2*b60kg Type: A6M8c Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1560hp Mitsubishi Kinsei 62 Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: Armament: 2*g20mm 2-3*mg13.2mm 2*b60kg A6M, Nakajima 'Rufe' (Naval Type 2 Floatplane Fighter) Floatplane version of the {A6M}, intended for amphibious operations. The A6M2-N had a large central float and small stabilising floats. To restore stability, the vertical tail surfaces were enlarged. Of course performance suffered, and the A6M-2N was only used for defensive operations and training. 327 built. Type: A6M2-N Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 730kW Nakajima Sakae 12 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 10.10m Height: 4.30m Wing Area: 22.44m2 Empty Weight: 1912kg Max.Weight: Speed: 435km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1780km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.7mm 2*b60kg A7He, Heinkel 'Jerry' (Type He Air Defence Fighter) This was the German Heinkel {He 112}B-1 monoplane fighter. Japan ordered 30 of these, but only 12 were delivered. They never encountered in combat. A7M Reppu, Mitsubishi 'Sam' This replacement for the venerable {A6M} was delayed by lack of interest, a disagreement between designer and customer concerning the choice of engine, an earthquake, the breakdown of the Japanese industry, and the bombing of the factories. Only ten were built. Type: A7M2 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1620kW Mitsubishi MK9A Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 11.00m Height: 4.28m Wing Area: 30.86m2 Empty Weight: 3226kg Max.Weight: Speed: 627km/h Ceiling: 10900m Range: 1160km Armament: 4*g20mm 2*b250kg A8V, Seversky 'Dick' (Navy Type S two-seat fighter) This was a US-built two-seat monoplane fighter, developed from the single-seat {P-35} built for the USAAC. Japan bought 22, that were used in China, but phased out of service before the Pacific war began. Type: 2PA-BX Function: fighter Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Wright R-1830-S3C Wing Span: 10.97m Length: 8.20m Height: 2.99m Wing Area: 20.44m2 Empty Weight: 2078kg Max.Weight: Speed: 508km/h Ceiling: Range: 3140km Armament: 5*mg 227kg AB-2, Aichi Two-seat biplane. AB-3, Aichi Reconaissance floatplane. Type: AB-3 Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110kW Jimpu Speed: 194km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: AB-4, Aichi Night reconaissance flyng boat. Six built. Type: AB-4 Function: reconaissance Year: 1932 Crew: Engines: 1 * 330kW Napier Lion Speed: 164km/h Ceiling: Range: 11h Armament: 1*mg 34kg AB-5, Aichi Development of the Heinkel {HD-62}. AB-6, Aichi Development of the Heinkel {HD-62}. Reconaissance. AB-7, Aichi Reconaissance floatplane. Biplane. AB-9, Aichi See {D1A}. This was the D1A1. AB-10, Aichi See {D1A}. This was the D1A2. AB-11, Aichi Biplane dive bomber with retractable landing gear. AB-12, Aichi See {E10A}. AB-13, Aichi Observation. AB-14, Aichi See {E11A}. Aichi Type 2 Reconnaissance Seaplane. License-built Heinkel {HD-25} reconaissance seaplane. 16 built. 1926. AM-7, Aichi Float monoplane. AM-10, Aichi Floatplane. AM-15, Aichi Type: AM-15 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 425kW Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: AM-16, Aichi High-wing flying boat. AM-17, Aichi See {D3A}. AM-19, Aichi See {E13A}. AM-21, Aichi See {H9A}. AM-22, Aichi See {E16A}. AM-23, Aichi See {B7A}. AM-24, Aichi See {M6A}. AN-1, Nakajima See {Ki-11}. Asuka, Kawasaki-NAL Experimental STOL transport. One built, a conversion of the Kawasaki {C-1}. Type: Asuka Function: experimental Year: 1985 Crew: 10 Engines: 4 * 4795kg MITI/NAL FJR710/600 5 Speed: 482km/h Ceiling: 8535m Range: 1335km AXB, Boeing The Boeing model 100 fighter, as tested by the Japanese. AXG, Canadian Car & Foundry This was a Canadian license-built version of the Grumman {FF}. One was tested. AXH, Hawker This was the Hawker {Nimrod}. AXHei, Heinkel Designation used for the three Heinkel {He 100} fighters acquired by the Japanese Navy. Plans for license production were abandoned. AXV, Vought This designation was given to the Vought {V-143} in Japan. --B-------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1M, Mitsubishi (Navy Type 13 Carrier-Borne Attack Aircraft) Two-seat torpedo-bomber biplane, designed by Herbert Smith. About 450 built. Type: B1M Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1924 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 330kW Napier Lion Wing Span: 14.77m Length: 9.77m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 59m2 Empty Weight: 1442kg Max.Weight: 2697kg Speed: 209km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 370km Armament: 2-4*mg7.7mm 485kg B2M, Mitsubishi (Navy Type 89 Carrier-Borne Attack Aircraft) Biplane torpedo bomber, designed by Blackburn for the Japanese Navy. The B2M was less ugly than was common for Blackburn designs, but still had a impressive array of struts and bracing wires. 204 built. Type: B2M Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1932 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 445kW Mitsubishi-Hispano Suiza Speed: 215km/u Ceiling: 4400m Range: 1170km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 800kg B3Y, Yokosuka The B3Y was an obsolete design, put into production after other prototypes for the dive-bombing role had been rejected. 130 built. Type: B3Y1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 440kW Type 91 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: B4N, Nakajima Competed with the {B4Y}. The latter was selected for production. B4Y, Yokosuka 'Jean' (Naval Type 96 Carrier-borne attack bomber) Biplane bomber. Used in the war against China. At the time of Pearl Harbour the light carrier Hosho still carried a B4Y unit. 205 built. Type: B4Y1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 620kW Nakajima Hikari 2 Speed: 278km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1475km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 800kg B5M, Mitsubishi 'Mabel' or 'Kate 61' (Naval Type 97-2 Carrier-borne attack bomber) Torpedo bomber with fixed landing gear, built as a backup for the {B5N}. 125 were built. They were used in combat, but only operated from land bases. Type: B5M1 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 735kW Mitsubishi Kinsei 43 Speed: 380km/h Ceiling: Range: 3500km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 800kg B5N, Nakajima 'Kate' (Naval Type 97-1 Carrier-borne Attack Bomber) The B5N was an advanced and bold design when in appeared in 1937. As torpedo bomber it may have been obsolescent in 1941, but it was not more so than the US-built {TBD} or the British {Swordfish}, and it contributed to the sinking of many Allied ships, starting with the attack on Pearl Harbour. It was used until 1944. About 1150 were built. Type: B5N2 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 730kW Nakajima Sakae 11 Wing Span: 15.52m Length: 10.30m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 37.70m2 Empty Weight: 2279kg Max.Weight: 4100kg Speed: 377km/h Ceiling: 8250m Range: 1990km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 800kg B6N Tenzan, Nakajima 'Jill' The clean, conventional-looking B6N was in some respects superior to the American Grumman {TBF} or the British Fairey {Barracuda}. They went into action in June 1944, when Japan had no carriers left and hardly any pilots. Many were used for suicide attacks. 1268 built. Type: B6N2 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1360kW Mitsubishi Kasei 25 Wing Span: 14.90m Length: 10.87m Height: 3.80m Wing Area: 37.20m2 Empty Weight: 3010kg Max.Weight: 5650kg Speed: 481km/h Ceiling: 9040m Range: 3050km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 800kg B7A Ryusei, Aichi 'Grace' Despite its size, the B7A had a speed and maneuvrability equal to that of the {A6M}. When it entered service, all Japanese carriers had been sunk, so it only operated from land bases. 114 built. Type: B7A2 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1360kW Nakajima NK9C Homare 12 Speed: 566km/h Ceiling: 11250m Range: 3040km Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg7.92mm 860kg BAe 125, British Aerospace This business jet has been selected to replace the {MU-2} in the SAR role, but later there was political pressure from the US to buy an US-built aircraft. Baika, Kawanishi Single-seat suicide aircraft. The Baika was a low-wing monoplane, with a pulse-jet engine attached to the tailfin and to a pylon behind the cockpit. The wheels were dropped after take-off. Not built. Type: Baika Function: suicide attack Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 318kg Maru Ka-10 Wing Span: 6.48m Length: Height: 6.88m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1260kg Speed: 736km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 220kg Beechjet 400 See {T-1}. Bf 109, Messerschmitt 'Mike' Allied intelligence expected to see the {Bf 109} in Japanese service, and indeed it was sometimes reported by pilots; probably these were actually {Ki.61}s. The Japanese only acquired three Bf 109Es for testing, and as far as known these never saw any combat. Bf 110, Messerschmitt 'Doc' The {Bf 110} was one of the many foreign types Allied intelligence expected to see in Japanese service. Japan never received any. B.R.20 Cicogna, Fiat 'Ruth' (Army Type I Medium Bomber) About 85 of this Italian bomber were ordered by the Army, that was waiting for the {Ki.21}. The B.R.20 entered service in 1938, but losses were high and the aircraft was quickly replaced. Type: B.R. 20M Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 740kW Fiat A.80 RC41 Speed: 430km/h Ceiling: 6750m Range: 2000km Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 1600kg --C-------------------------------------------------------------------------- C-1, Kawasaki The C-1 is a jet-engined STOL transport aircraft. 31 were built for the JASDF. One was later modified to an ECM aircraft. Type: C-1 Function: transport Year: 1975 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 64.5kN P&W JT8D-M-9 Wing Span: 30.58m Length: 29m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 23320kg Max.Weight: 45000kg Speed: 806km/h Ceiling: 11580m Range: 3350km Load: 11900kg C1M, Mitsubishi (Navy Type 10 Carrier-borne reconnaissance aircraft) Single-engined, biplane reconnaissance aircraft. Retired from service before the outbreak of WWII. C2N, Nakajima Navy equivalent of the {Ki.6}. The C2N1 was a landplane version, the C2N2 a floatplane version. The IJN bought 50 in all. C3N, Nakajima (Navy Type 97 Carrier-borne reconnaissance aircraft) Single-engined, monoplane reconnaissance aircraft. Only two were built, because the {B5N} could fly the reconnaissance missions. C4A, Aichi Reconnaissance aircraft. Not built. C5M, Mitsubishi 'Babs' (Naval Type 98 Reconaissance Aircraft) This was the IJN version of the {Ki.15}. The C5M was used before and during the first year of WWII. 50 built. Type: C5M2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 700kW Nakajima Sakae 12 Speed: 487km/h Ceiling: 9580m Range: approx. 1500km Armament: 1*mg C6N Saiun, Nakajima 'Myrt' The Japanese need for a high-speed carrier-based reconaissance aircraft was unique and reflected the increasing Allied air superiority. The C6N was an advanced design, with a small laminar flow-wing with extensive flaps and slats. The operational need disappeared when the carriers were sunk, and some C6N's were converted to night fighters. 463 built. Type: C6N1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1944 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1460kW Nakajima Homare 21 Speed: 610km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: 5310km Armament: 1*mg7.92mm C-130 Hercules, Lockheed Japan is one of the many users of this US-built transport aircraft. Initial buy was 15. --D-------------------------------------------------------------------------- D1A, Aichi 'Susie' (Naval Type 94 (D1A1) and 96 (D1A2) carrier bomber) This was based on the Heinkel {He 66}, the export version of the of the {He 50}. The D1A1 had some refinements, such as a Townend ring and landing gear reinforced for carrier operations. The D1A2 had a NACA cowling, more streamlined landing gear, and a more powerful engine. The D1A's most famous attack was that on the US gunboat Panay in 1937. Production ceased in 1940, and the last ones were retired in early 1942. 590 built. Type: D1A2 Function: dive bomber Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 540kW Nakajima Hikari 1 Speed: 310km/h Ceiling: 6980m Range: 930km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm Type 92, 1*b250kg, 2*b30kg D2N, Nakakijma Dive bomber. The Navy preferred the {D1A}, and the D2N did not enter production. D2Y, Yokosuka. Dive bomber. The Navy preferred the {D1A}, and the D2N did not enter production. D3A, Aichi 'Val' (Naval Type 99 carrier bomber) This low-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear acquired a terrifying reputation in the early days of the Pacific War. Its performance was not that impressive, but the well-trained, experienced Japanese pilots bombed their targets with great accuracy. Despite its low speed, the maneuvrable 'Val' was often used as a fighter. 1495 built. Type: D3A1 Function: dive bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 800kW Mitsubishi Kinsei 44 Speed: 390km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: 1470km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 1*b250kg 2*b30kg D3M, Mitsubishi Competed for orders with the {D3A}, that was selected for production. D3N, Nakajima Smaller development of the {D3A} with retractable landing gear. D3Y Myojo, Yokosuka (Naval Type 99 Bomber Trainer) The D3Y dive bomber design, very similar in appearance to the {D3A} and sometimes described as a wooden version of it, was used as trainer. Type: D3Y1-K Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 960kW Mitsubishi Kinsei 54 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 450km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: D4Y Suisei, Yokosuka 'Judy' Dive bomber, inspired by the German {He 118}. The liquid-cooled Atsuta engine of the D4Y1 and D4Y2 was unreliable and was replaced by the a Kinsei 62 radial in the D4Y3. Early versions also proved unfit for dive bombing because of structural weaknesses. 2157 were built, that had to fight under very adverse conditions. Type: D4Y2 Function: dive bomber Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1030kW Aichi AE1P Atsuta 32 Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: 10700m Range: 3600km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 560kg D5Y, Yokosuka Special attack plane. (Suicide attack?) DC-2, Douglas Nakajima built the DC-2 in license. A few were requisitioned by the IJN. Do N, Dornier (Type 87 heavy bomber) Kawasaki built 28 Do N's for the Army. The {Do N} was an all-metal high-wing bomber with two engines in a tandem arrangment, virtually a land-based Wal. Type: Do N Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 500hp BMW VI Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: 6h Armament: DXD, Douglas The IJN tested one Douglas DB-19. DXHe, Heinkel The DXHe1 was the Heinkel {He 118}V4 prototype, tested by the Japanese. It influenced the design of the {D4Y}. --E-------------------------------------------------------------------------- E1Y, Yokosuka (Type 14 reconaissance floatplane) Biplane. 320 built. Type: E1Y1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1923 Crew: Engines: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: E-2 Hawkeye, Grumman AEW aircraft. In US service the {E-2} is a carrier aircraft, but the small fleet of Japanese E-2s is land-based. E2N, Nakajima 'Bob' (Type 15 reconaissance seaplane) Reconaissance floatplane. The E2N was a biplane, and retired before the outbreak of WWII. Allied intelligence wrongly believed that 'Bob' was Aichi design. 77 built. Type: E2N1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1927 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220kW Hispano Suiza Speed: 166km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: E-3 Sentry, Boeing U.S.-built AWACS aircraft. Japanese interest for the KE-3 tanker version has also been reported. But acquisition plans had to be abandoned when {E-3} production was halted, and interest shifted to an AWACS development of the Boeing 767. E3A, Aichi (Type 90 Model 1 Reconaissance Seaplane) Development of the Heinkel {HD-56}. Twelve built. Type: E3A1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1931 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 220kW Jimpu Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: E4N, Nakajima (Type 90 Model 2 Reconaissance Seaplane) Single-engined floatplane. The E4N1 was a biplane with twin floats, but this did not enter production. The improved E4N2 had a single main float and small stabilizing floats. 152 were built, of which 67 E4N2-C with wheeled landing gear. Type: E4N2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1931 Crew: Engines: 1 * 330kW Nakajima Kotobuki Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 232km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: E5K, Kawanishi (Type 90 Model 3) Biplane reconaissance floatplane. Not very successful. 20 built. Type: E5K1 Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 330kW Jupiter Speed: 177km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: E5Y, Yokosuka Reconnaissance seaplane. No production. E6Y, Yokosuka (Navy Type 91 reconnaissance seaplane) Reconnaissance aircraft for submarines. E7K, Kawanishi 'Alf' (Naval Type 94 reconaissance seaplane) Catapult-launched floatplane, reliable but slow. The E7K was a very conventional biplane. Second-line service only from 1943. 530 were built, first with a Hiro 91 liquid-cooled engine and later with a Zuisei radial. Type: E7K2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 640kW Mitsubishi Zuisei 11 Wing Span: 14m Length: 10.50m Height: 4.85m Wing Area: 43.60m2 Empty Weight: 2100kg Max.Weight: 3300kg Speed: 275km/h Ceiling: 7060m Range: 2200km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 120kg E8A, Aichi Competed with the {E8N} for orders. Lost. E8K, Kawanishi Competed with the {E8N} for orders. Lost. E8N, Nakajima 'Dave' (Naval Type 95 Reconaissance Floatplane) The E8N was a sturdy biplane, used as catapult-launched tactical reconnaissance and artilley spotter aircraft for cruisers and battleships. Many were still in service in 1941, but they were soon relegated to liaison and training duties. 755 built. Type: E8N2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 470kW Nakajima Kotobuki 2-KAI-2 Wing Span: 10.98m Length: 8.81m Height: 3.84m Wing Area: 26.50m2 Empty Weight: 1320kg Max.Weight: 1900kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 7270m Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 60kg E9W, Watanabe 'Slim' (Navy Type 96 small reconaissance seaplane) Reconnaissance aircraft for submarines, a small biplane. The E9W was one of the more successful aircraft in its category. 35 built. During WWII they were already replaced by the {E14Y}. Type: E9W1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220kW Hitachi 6K2 Tempu II Speed: 232km/h Ceiling: 6750m Range: 5hrs Armament: 1*mg7.7mm E10A, Aichi 'Hank' (Type 96 Reconaissance Seaplane) Small flying boat, a biplane with a pusher engine. Only 15 were built. They were retired before the beginning of the war. Type: E10A1 Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 455kW Hiro type 91 Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 4120m Range: 1500km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm E10K, Kawanishi (Navy Type 94 transport seaplane) Single-engined, biplane flying boat. E11A, Aichi 'Laura' (Type 98 Reconaissance floatplane). Biplane flying boat, used only during the first year of WWII. This was a small aircraft with a pusher engine, designed to be carried by cruisers and battleships as night-time artillery spotter. 17 built. Type: E11A1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1937 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 455kW Hiro Speed: 217km/h Ceiling: 4400m Range: 1945km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm E11K, Kawanishi Three built. The IJN preferred the {E11A}, but the prototypes was used as transport aircraft. Type: E11K1 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 550kW Hiro type 91 Speed: 232km/h Ceiling: 4200m Range: Armament: E12A, Aichi Reconnaissance seaplane. Did not enter production. E12K, Kawanishi Reconnaissance seaplane. Did not enter production. E12N, Nakajima Reconnaissance seaplane. Did not enter production. E13A, Aichi 'Jake' (Naval Type 0 reconaissance floatplane) This twin-float seaplane performed its tasks almost anonymously, but it was effective, and very popular with its crews. It was in service throughout the war. 1418 were built. Type: E13A1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 800kW Mitsubishi Kinsei 43 Speed: 375km/h Ceiling: 8700m Range: 2090km Armament: 1*g20mm 1*mg7.7mm 250kg E13K, Kawanishi Design competing with the {E13A}. No production. E14W, Watanabe Reconnaissance seaplane. Did not enter production. E14Y, Yokosuka 'Glenn' (Naval Type 0 Small Reconnaissance seaplane) Reconnaissance aircraft for submarines. The E14Y1 was a low-wing floatplane. One E14Y1 was the only aircraft to drop bombs on the U.S.A. mainland in WWII -- four 76kg firebombs in a forest in Oregon. 126 were built. Type: E14Y1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 250kW Hitachi Tempu 12 Speed: 245km/h Ceiling: 5420m Range: 880km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 60kg E15K Shiun, Kawanishi 'Norm' (Navt Type 2 High-speed Reconnaissance Seaplane) The E15K was designed to outrun Allied fighters. Despite its power and streamlining its normal top speed was too low to do that. The big central float could be jettisoned to get an additional 90km/h, but this mechanism was extremely troublesome, and all aircraft sent in service were shot down. 15 built. Type: E15K1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1360kW Mitsubishi Kasei 24 Speed: 469km/h Ceiling: 9830m Range: 3370km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 2*b60kg E16A Zuiun, Aichi 'Paul' This floatplane could fly dive-bombing missions as well. It replaced the {E13A}, but was never as popular as the older aircraft, and it had to fly under the very adverse conditions of 1944. 256 built. Type: E16A1 Function: reconaissance / dive bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 955kW Mitsubishi MK8D Kinsei 54 Speed: 439km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 2420km Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg13mm 250kg E-767, Boeing This is an AWACS development for Japan of the Boeing 767-27C. The Boeing 707 airframe, which was the basis for the E-3, was no longer in production; so the 767 was used. --F-------------------------------------------------------------------------- F-1, Mitsubishi Tactical fighter version of the {T-2} trainer. The second cockpit of the T-2 is simply faired over, and used for more fuel; two wing pylons and a fuselage pylon were added, and the 20mm Vulcan cannon of the T-2A armament trainer installed. The necessary avionics were also added. The F-1 is a capable attack aircraft, but has a rather short range. It can fly interception missions with AIM-9 missiles. 77 built. Type: F-1 Function: attack Year: 1977 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 3300kg Ishikawajima-Harime TF40-801A Wing Span: 7.88m Length: 17.66m Height: 4.39m Wing Area: 21.18m2 Empty Weight: 6358kg Max.Weight: 13674kg Speed: 1700km/h Ceiling: 15250m Range: 1130km Armament: 1*g20mm 2700kg F1A, Aichi Competed with the {F1M}. Lost. F1K, Kawanishi Competed with the {F1M}. Lost. F1M, Mitsubishi 'Pete' (Naval Type 0 Observation Seaplane) The F1M was designed as reconaissance seaplane. It was a nimble, carefully streamlined biplane, easily recognized by its tapering wings and large central float. Late in WWII it was used in any possible role, including that of fighter. 1118 built. Type: F1M2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 640kW Mitsubishi Zuisei 13 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 9.50m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 29.54m2 Empty Weight: 1828kg Max.Weight: 2550kg Speed: 370km/h Ceiling: 9400m Range: 770km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 2*b60kg F-2, Mitsubishi Tactical jet fighter. After considering developments of the {F-15}, {F-16} and {F-18} and a completely new indigenous design, it was decided to develop an aircraft from the F-16 to the FS-X requirement. The type was was first flown on October 7, 1995. Externally it is very similar to the F-16, but the wing is larger and has different taper, the tips of the tailplane are different, and the fuselage is slightly longer. Internally, the F-2 has a new phased array radar, an advanced FBW control system, and a fully digital cockpit. The F-2 is primarily intended as a strike aircraft, but has potential as an air superiority fighter too. It is expected that the F-2 will be in production from 2000 to 2004, and that 130 will be built. Type: F-2 Function: fighter Year: 1996 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * G.E. F110-GE-129 Wing Span: 11.13m Length: 15.52m Height: Wing Area: 34.84m2 Empty Weight: 12000kg Max.Weight: 22100kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: F-4EJ Phantom II, MDD Japanese version of the {F-4}E Phantom II. License-built by Mitsubihi. F-15J Eagle, Mitsubishi-MDD The license-built version of the U.S. {F-15} fighter. Production in Japan ended after 213 were delivered. F-104J Starfighter, Lockheed Japanese version of Lockheed {F-104}. The last were retired in 1987. FST-2, Mitsubishi Renamed {F-1}. FS-X Requirement for a light strike fighter. See {F-2}. Fw 190, Focke-Wulf 'Fred' Allied intelligence gave the codename 'Fred' when they expected that the Japanese would put the {Fw 190} in service. This never happened, but in 1943 the Japanese imported one {Fw 190} for evaluation; its engine installation inspired that of the {Ki.100}. Fw 200, Focke-Wulf 'Trudy' Although the Japanese inspired development of combat versions of the {Fw 200}, they never used the type. --G-------------------------------------------------------------------------- G, Kawanishi See {E5K}. G1M, Mitsubishi (Naval Type 93 Attack Bomber) Twin-engined biplane bomber. Obselete before WWII. G2H, Hiro (Naval Type 95 Attack Bomber) Twin-engined monoplane bomber, a monoplane that was inspired by the Junkers designs, but underpowered. Eight were built. The type was obsolete before WWII. G3M, Mitsubishi 'Nell' (Naval Type 96 Attack Bomber) The G3M, a clean monoplane with twin fins and rudders, sacrificed armament and armour for range. It was already obsolete in 1941, but nevertheless it gained fame by the sinking of the 'Prince of Wales' and 'Repulse'. 1048 built. Type: G3M3 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 7 Engines: 2 * 970kW Mitsubishi Zusei 51 Wing Span: 25.00m Length: 16.45m Height: 3.69m Wing Area: 84.30m2 Empty Weight: 5420kg Max.Weight: 8000kg Speed: 415km/h Ceiling: 10280m Range: 6230km Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.7mm 800kg G4M, Mitsubishi 'Betty' (Naval Type 1 Attack Bomber) Medium bomber. The Navy's requirement for a 3700km range with full bombload could only be achieved by designing the entire wing as a 5000l integral fuel tank and keeping the structure very light, without any armour. Hence the G4M became known as the 'one-shot lighter' to allied fighter pilots. It became notorious late in the war as the carrier aircraft for the {MXY7} Ohka suicide aircraft. 2446 built. Type: G4M3 Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 7 Engines: 2 * 1360kW Mitsubishi MK4T Kasei 25 Wing Span: 25.00m Length: 19.50m Height: 6.00m Wing Area: 78.13m2 Empty Weight: 8350kg Max.Weight: 12500kg Speed: 470km/h Ceiling: 9920m Range: 4335km Armament: 4*g20mm 2*mg7.7mm b1000kg G5N Shinzan, Nakajima 'Liz' Development of the original Douglas DC-4E design, a four-engined transport that was rejected (the later DC-4 was an entirely different aircraft) and sold to Japan. The G5N used the wings, landing gear and engine nacelles of the DC-4E, but the fuselage was new and the G5N had twin fins instead of the triple fins of the DC-4E. Performance was disappointing. Six built. Type: G5N1 Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 7-10 Engines: 4 * 1375kW Nakajima NK7A Mamoru II Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 44313lb Max. Weight: 70768lb Speed: 420km/h Ceiling: 7450m Range: 4260km Armament: 2*g20mm 4*mg 4000kg G6M, Mitsubishi 'Betty' (Naval Type 1 Wing-tip Convoy fighter) Gunship development of the {G4M}. Too slow for their projected task, they were used as trainers. 30 built. Type: G6M1 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 10 Engines: 2 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*g20mm 1*mg G7M Taizan, Mitsubishi Deisng for a twin-engined heavy bomber. Not built. G8N Renzan, Nakajima 'Rita' Long-range bomber, four built. The G8N was a good bomber, but Japan could no longer afford the production of such aircraft in 1944. Type: G8N1 Function: bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 10 Engines: 4 * 1480kW Nakajima NK9L Homare 24 Speed: 592km/h Ceiling: 10200m Range: 7500km Armament: 6*g20mm 4*mg13mm 4000kg G9K, Kawanishi Bomber project. G10N Fugaku, Nakajima Long-range heavy bomber. Not built. Type: G10N1 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 6 * 1480kW Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 5000kg --H-------------------------------------------------------------------------- H, Aichi Single-seat shipboard fighter, developed by Heinkel for Japan. Of course Germany was not allowed to build combat aircraft at the time, but the Japanese members of the allied control comission helped Heinkel to avoid being caught. Two were built by Heinkel, and two more by Aichi in Japan as the type H. The {HD-23} was overweight and had a poor performance. Type: HD 23 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 660hp BMW VIa Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 7.55m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 35.32m2 Empty Weight: 1470kg Max.Weight: 2070kg Speed: 249km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm H-1 Iroquois, Bell The U.S. U{H-1} utility and tactical transport helicopter was license-built by Fuji for the army. H1H, Hiro (Navy Type 15 Flying Boat) Twin-engined, biplane flying boat. Retired before the outbreak of WWII. H2H, Hiro (Navy Type 89 Flying Boat) Twin-engined, biplane flying boat. Retired before the outbreak of WWII. H-3, Sikorksy The {H-3} is an US-built ASW and SAR helikopter. 48 are in service. H3H, Hiro (Navy Type 90-1 Flying Boat) Three-engined, monoplane flying boat. Retired before the outbreak of WWII. H3K, Kawanishi 'Belle' (Navy Type 90-2 Flying Boat) Reconaissance flying boat, a big biplane with the engines in gondolas between the wings. The prototype was built by the British Short Brothers company, and was based on the {Calcutta} and {Rangoon} series. H3Ks were powered by imported engines. They were retired before the outbreak of WWII. Type: H3K1 Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 8-9 Engines: 3 * 825hp R.R. Buzzard Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: 9h Armament: 6*mg7.62mm H4H, Hiro (Navy Type 91 Flying Boat) Twin-engined, monoplane flying boat. Retired before the outbreak of WWII. H5Y, Yokosuka 'Cherry' (Navy Type 99 Flying Boat) Parasol-winged flying boat, superfically similar to the {H6K} but twin-engined. It was underpowered and already obsolescent when it entered service. 20 built. Type: H5Y1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 880kW Mitsubishi MK1A Shinten 21 Speed: 302km/h Ceiling: 5280m Range: 4730km Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm 500kg H-6, Hughes-Kawasaki License-buitl version of the O{H-6} reconaissance helicopter. H6K, Kawanishi 'Mavis' (Navy Type 97 Large flying boat) This big flying boat did very well in its reconaissance role. 'Mavis' had a slender fuselage and a long-span wing with extensive strutting and bracing. Its lack of armour made it very vulnerable, and from 1942 onwards it was used as a long-range transport. 217 built. Type: H6K5 Function: reconaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 9 Engines: 4 * 970kW Mitsubishi Kinsei 51 Wing Span: 40.00m Length: 25.63m Height: 6.27m Wing Area: 170m2 Empty Weight: 12830kg Max.Weight: 2300kg Speed: 385km/h Ceiling: 9610m Range: 6775km Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg 1000kg H7Y, Yokosuka 'Tillie' Long-range reconaissance flying boat, a well-streamlined design with a gull wing; the engines were installed in tandem pairs on the bend in the wing. Only one prototype built, which did not meet expectations. Type: H7Y Function: reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: Engines: 4 * Junkers Jumo 205 Speed: Ceiling: Range: 9250km Armament: H8K, Kawanishi 'Emily' (Navy Type 2 Flying Boat) The H8K was a big shoulder-wing flying boat. This well-armed, sturdy aircraft flew long-range reconaissance missions; it had to be treated with respect by allied fighters. The H8K was probably the best flying boat of WWII. Only 167 were built. Some were converted to H8K2-L Seiku transports. Type: H8K2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1942 Crew: 10 Engines: 4 * 1360kW Mitsubishi Kasei 22 Speed: 470km/h Ceiling: 8770m Range: 7200km Armament: 5*g20mm 1*mg7.7mm 2000kg H9A, Aichi (Navy Type 2 Training Flying Boat) Training flying boat, designed for the training of {H8K} crews. Some were used for reconaissance, but the type remained unknown to the Allies. 31 built. Type: H9A1 Function: trainer Year: 1942 Crew: 5-8 Engines: 2 * 575kW Nakajima Kotobuki 41 Speed: 317km/h Ceiling: 6780m Range: 2150km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 250kg H10H, Hiro Flying boat. Not built. H11K, Kawanishi Project for a four-engined transport flying boat. HD-25, Heinkel / Aichi The {HD-25} was a float biplane, a shipboard reconaissance aircraft designed by Heinkel for the Japanese Navy. Aichi built 14. H-47, Boeing-Vertol / Kawasaki The CH-47J is the Japanese version of the C{H-47} tandem-rotor transport helicopter. H-53, Sikorsky The {H-53} is an US-built mine-hunting helicopter. H-55, Hughes The T{H-55} is an US-built training helicopter H-60, Sikorksy The {H-60} is a US-built multi-role helicopter. Hayabusa, Mitsubishi 1MF2 Parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The Hayabusa had a sleek fuselage of rectagonal cross-section. The wing was supported by two struts on each side, without bracing wires, and the Hayabusa was designed for easy (dis)assembly. The prototype broke up during a high-speed diving test. Two built. Type: Hayabusa Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Mitsubishi/Hispano-Suiza Wing Span: 12.62m Length: 8.20m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 23.00m2 Empty Weight: 1265kg Max.Weight: Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm HD-23, Heinkel See Aichi {H}. HD-26, Heinkel Single-seat float biplane, developed for Japan by Heinkel. The {HD-26} was designed to take off from the gun turret of a battleship. Heinkel built one, Aichi in Japan built one more, powered by a 420hp Jupiter VI radial. The HD-26 became obsolete with the introduction of catapults on battleships and cruisers. Type: HD 26 Function: reconaissance/fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS 8 Wing Span: 11.80m Length: 8.44m Height: 3.59m Wing Area: 37.84m2 Empty Weight: 1150kg Max.Weight: 1677kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm He 111, Heinkel 'Bess' Although Allied observers expected this type to enter Japanese service and reserved the codename 'Bess' for it, the {He 111} was never even tested by the Japanese. He 112, Heinkel 'Jerry' See {A7He}. Hei 2 Designation applied to one French Spad {S.XX} fighter. HXC, Consolidated One Consolidated {P2Y} flying boat tested by the IJN. HXD, Douglas Two Douglas DF flying boats tested by the IJN. --I-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Itoh Biplane fighter. Type: Itoh Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Speed: 160km/hg Ceiling: Range: Armament: --J-------------------------------------------------------------------------- J1N Gekko, Nakajima 'Irving' The J1N was designed as an heavy long-range fighter, but was initially built only as J1N1-C reconaissance aircraft. The J1N was a very clean design, and like the {Ki.45}, it was as maneuvrable as many single-seat fighters. Later the J1N1-S was developed, a nightfighter equipped with upward-firing cannon and radar. 479 built. Type: J1N1-C Function: reconaissance Year: 1942 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1130hp Nakajima NK1F Sakae 21 Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: 10300m Range: 2700km Armament: 1*mg13mm 0-1g20mm Type: J1N1-S Function: nightfighter Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1130hp Nakajima NK1F Sakae 21 Wing Span: 16.98m Length: 12.77m Height: 4.56m Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: 4840kg Max.Weight: 8184kg Speed: 507km/h Ceiling: Range: 3780km Armament: 3-4*g20mm J2M Raiden, Mitsubishi 'Jack' The J2M fighter broke away from the established practice: It was designed for speed and climb instead of maneuvrability. It had a small, laminar-flow wing. The J2M1 prototype suffered from many problems, and the type had to be redesigned. This and the breakdown of the industry limited production to 480. Those built were treated with great respect by the Allied. Type: J2M3 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1820hp Mitsubishi MK4R Kasei 23a Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 9.94m Height: 3.94m Wing Area: 20.05m2 Empty Weight: 2490kg Max.Weight: Speed: 612km/h Ceiling: 11700m Range: 2520km Armament: 4*g20mm 120kg J3K, Kawanishi Design for an interceptor powered by a Mitsubishi MK9A radial engine. Not built. J4M Jinrai, Mitsubishi 'Luke' Single-engined, twin-boom fighter design. The radial engine was installed in a pusher configuration similar to that of the Saab {J21}. It was not built, the {J7W} design was preferred. Type: J4M1 Function: fighter Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 2130hp Mitsubishi MK9D Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 704km/h at 8000m Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g30mm 2*g20mm J5N Tenrai, Nakajima The J5N was designed as a shore-based twin-engined interceptor. Performance was disappointing. Six were built, including two two-seaters. Type: J5N1 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1990hp Nakajima NK9H Homare 21 Wing Span: 14.40m Length: 11.46m Height: 3.55m Wing Area: 32.00m2 Empty Weight: 5390kg Max.Weight: 7300kg Speed: 597km/h Ceiling: Range: 644km Armament: 2*g30mm 2*g20mm J6K, Kawanishi Proposed development of the {J3K} with a different engine. Not built. Type: J6K1 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Nakajima Homare 42 Wing Span: 12.50m Length: 10.12m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 4370kg Speed: 685km/h at 10000m Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm 2*mg13.2mm J7W Shinden, Kyushu The J7W was a small fighter of canard configuration. It had an excellently streamlined fuselage, small canards, swept wings, and a 2130hp engine driving a six-bladed pusher propellor. Potentially one of the fastest piston-engined fighters ever built, the single J7W was flown for only 45 minutes. It was planned to fit a jet engine later. Type: J7W1 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2130hp Mitsubishi MK9D Wing Span: 11.11m Length: 9.66m Height: 3.92m Wing Area: 20.50m2 Empty Weight: 3465kg Max.Weight: 5228kg Speed: 750km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 850km Armament: 4*g30mm 120kg J8M Shusui, Mitsubishi The J8M was a copy of the German {Me 163} rocket-engined interceptor. The engine was a straightforward copy, but the fuselage had to be reverse-engineered because of the loss of the plans and the pattern airframe sent from Germany. Seven built, only one flight was made. Type: J8M1 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1500kg Toko Ro.2 Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 6.05m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 17.73m2 Empty Weight: 1505kg Max.Weight: 3885kg Speed: 900km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 5m 30s under power Armament: 2*g30m Ju 52, Junkers 'Trixie' Despite allied assumptions to the contrary, the Ju 52/3m was never operated by the Japanese. Ju 87 Stuka, Junkers 'Irene' In 1940 the Japanese imported a {Ju 87}A for evaluation. Allied intelligence assigned the codename 'Irene' because it expected that Japan would copy the design. Ju 88, Junkers 'Janice' Another German type the Allied expected to see in Japanese service. In 1940 one {Ju 88} had been imported for evaluation. --K-------------------------------------------------------------------------- K1Y, Yokosuka (Navy Type 13 Trainer Seaplane) Floatplane trainer. 104 built. K2, Kawanishi Experimental aircraft, 1921. 145kW Hall-Scot engine, top speed 256km/h. K2Y, Yokosuka (Navy Type 3 Primary Trainer) A development of the British {Avro 504}. 360 built. Type: K2Y2 Function: trainer Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 130hp Mitsubishi Mongoose Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: K3M, Mitsubishi 'Pine' (Naval Type 90 Crew Trainer) This was an high-wing monoplane crew trainer with a deep fuselage. The pilot sat in an open cockpit on top of the wing. They were also used as transports. 624 built. Type: K3M3 Function: trainer Year: 1939 Crew: 5 Engines: 1 * 433kW Nakajima Kotobuki 2-KAI Wing Span: 15.78m Length: 9.54m Height: 3.82m Wing Area: 34.50m2 Empty Weight: 1360kg Max.Weight: 2200kg Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: 6390m Range: 800km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 120kg K4Y, Yokosuka (Naval Type 90 Training Seaplane) Biplane trainer on floats, in service throughout WWII. 211 built. Type: K4Y1 Function: trainer Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Hitachi Kamikaze 2 Speed: 162km/h Ceiling: Range: 315km K5Y, Yokosuka 'Willow' (Naval Type 93 Intermediate trainer) Biplane trainer. About 5570 were built, with floats (K5Y2 and K5Y3) and with wheeled landing gear (K5Y1). Type: K5Y1 Function: trainer Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 340hp Hitacji Amakaze 11 Speed: 212km/h Ceiling: 5700m Range: 1020km Armament: 2*mg K6K, Kawanishi Biplane trainer, a floatplane. No production. K6M, Mitsubishi Biplane trainer, a floatplane. No production. K6W, Watanabe Floatplane trainer. Three built. 1937. K7M, Mitsubishi Twin-engined monoplane, a crew trainer. It did not enter production. K8K, Kawanishi (Navy Type 0 Primary Trainer Seaplane) Single-engined, biplane trainer. Only 15 were built. K8P, Nihon Biplane trainer, a floatplane. No production. K8W, Watanabe Floatplane trainer. Three built. 1938. K9W Momiji, Kyushu 'Cypress' (Naval type 2 Primary Trainer) A license-built German Bucker {Bu 131} trainer. The Navy received 339, and the type was also built for the army as the {Ki.86}. K10W, Kawanishi 'Oak' (Naval Type 2 Intermediate Trainer) Japanese version of the North American NA-16 trainer, an ancestor of the {AT-6}. The K10W had fixed landing gear and incorporated some Japanese redesign. 176 built. Type: K10W1 Function: trainer / liaison Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 440kW Nakajima Kotobuki 2 KAI Speed: 282km/h Ceiling: 7300m Range: 1050km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm K 11, Kawanishi Shipboard fighter biplane of mixed construction, a private venture of Kawanishi. The IJN ordered the Gloster {Gambet}, licence-built by Nakajima as the {A1N}. Two built. Type: K 11 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp BMW VI Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 7.88m Height: 3.28m Wing Area: 33.80m2 Empty Weight: 1170kg Max.Weight: 1750kg Speed: 259km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: K11W Shiragiku, Kyushu The K11W went unnoticed by allied observers, but it was very common in Japan. It was a monoplane crew trainer, rather large for a single-engined aircraft. The K11W2 was an ASW aircraft. 789 built. Type: K11W1 Function: trainer / utility Year: 1943 Crew: 5 Engines: 1 * 515hp Hitachi GK2B Amakaze 21 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 244km/h Ceiling: 5620m Range: 1175km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 2*b30kg Ka-1, Kabaya Development of the U.S. Kellet KD-1 autogiro -- that is, Kabaya was handed the wreckage of a KD-1A. Used for artillery observation and anti-submarine patrols. 240 were built. Type: Ka-1 Function: reconaissance / ASW Year: 1941 Crew: 2-1 Engines: 1 * 175kW Argus-Kobe As 10C Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 280km Armament: 2*60kg Ka-2, Kabaya Development of the {Ka-1}. No production. Ka-8, Mitsubishi Two-seat, shipboard biplane fighter. The Ka-8 was an aircraft of mixed constuction with conventional lines, except the twin tailfins. Two prototypes were built, but the type was abandoned when one of them broke up in the air. Type: Ka-8 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 580hp Nakajima Jupiter II Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 7.39m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 26.00m2 Empty Weight: 1153kg Max.Weight: Speed: 286km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.7mm Ka-9, Mitsubishi The Ka-9, or 8-Shi long-range reconnaissance aircraft did not enter production. It became the basis of the {G3M} bomber. Range was up to 6000km with extra fuel tanks, normally 4300km. Ka-14, Mitsubishi Single-seat monoplane fighter, designed as a land-based fighter for the IJN. The Ka-14 had an inverted gull wing, to keep the fixed landing gear short; the wing contours were elliptical. The second prototype had a straight wing. The Ka-14 was designed more as a technology demonstrator than as a possible production type. Type: Ka-14 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Nakajima Kotobuki Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.67m Height: 3.26m Wing Area: 16.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 444km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Kawasaki Type 88 model 1 reconaissance aircraft See {KDA 2}. Kawasaki Type 88 model 2 reconaissance aircraft Light bomber development of the {Kawasaki Type 88 model 1}. Over 400 were built. Type: 88-II Function: bomber Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 *440kW Kawasaki-BMW VI Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 5200m Range: Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm 200kg Kawasaki Type 92 fighter. Biplane fighter. The Type 92 was designed by Dr. Vogt, and was one of the fastest fighters of the early 1930s. But take-off and landing characteristics were poor. Type: Type 92 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Kawasaki-BMW VI Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: KDA 2, Kawasaki (Type 88 reconnaissance aircraft) The {KDA 2} was designed by the German Dr. Richard Vogt. It was a biplane reconaissance aircraft, angular but clean, with a simple strutting arrangment. 707 built. Type: KDA-2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1927 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 500hp BMW-Kawasaki Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 5200m Range: 5h Armament: 2-3*mg KDA-3, Kawasaki Single-seat monoplane fighter. The KDA-3 was designed by the German Ir. Richard Vogt, later famous for his unusual designs for Blohm & Voss. The mixed-construction fuselage was based on the Dornier {Do H}, and was combined with a parasol wing also of mixed construction. Three built. Type: KDA-3 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 630hp BMW VI 6,3 Wing Span: 12.60m Length: 8.85m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 1350kg Max.Weight: 1950kg Speed: 285km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm KDA-5, Kawasaki (Army Type 92 fighter) Biplane fighter, designed by Ir. Richard Vogt with the assistance of Takeo Doi. The KDA-5 was a biplane of all-metal construction with fabric wing skinning. 380 were buillt. They served operationally in China and Manchuria until 1935. Type: Type 92-I Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 630hp BMW VI 6,3 Wing Span: 9.55m Length: 7.05m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: 1280kg Max.Weight: 1700kg Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: Range: 850km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm KDA-6, Kawasaki (I-JAPAN-A-R-B-N-IL1) Biplane reconnaissance aircraft. Prototype only. In September 1934 it made a flight from Osaka to Peking. KEN III, Kawasaki See {Ki.78}. KF 1, Kawanishi See {H3K}. KH-4, Kawasaki Development of the Bell 47G. Ki.1, Mitsubishi (Army Type 93) This was a angular monoplane bomber, based on the Junkers practices. The Ki.1 was a low-wing monoplane with twin tail fins, and fixed landing gear. It was used in the war against China. 118 built. Type: Ki.1 Function: bomber Year: 1933 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 700hp Ha-2-II Wing Span: 26.50m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 8100kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: 1100km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 1000kg Ki.2, Mitsubishi 'Louise' (Army Type 93-2 Twin-engined Light Bomber) Low-wing monoplane bomber, as angular and ugly as the {Ki.1}. It initially retained the open cockpits and fixed landing gear of the latter, but late models had closed cockpits and retractable landing gear. The Ki.2 saw combat in China. 61 built. Type: Ki.2 Function: bomber Year: 1933 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 570hp Nakajima Kotobuki Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg 300kg Ki.3, Kawasaki Biplane light bomber. 244 were built, but its service life was short because the engine was troublesome. Type: Ki.3 Function: bomber Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 590kW Kawasaki-BMW IX Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm fixed, 1-2*mg7.7mm flexible. 500kg Ki.4, Nakajima (Type 94 reconaissance aircraft) Sesquiplane reconsaissance aircraft, used in the war with China. 516 built. Type: Ki.4 Function: reconaissance Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 477kW Ha-8 Wing Span: 12m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2500kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 50kg Ki.5, Kawasaki The Ki.5 was a low-wing monoplane fighter. It was of all-metal construction and powered by a Japanese development of the BMW liquid-cooled engine. The Ki.5 had an inverted gull wing, to keep the fixed, trousered undercarriage short. The handling and the engine installation were unsatisfactory. Four built. Type: Ki.5 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 850hp Kawasaki Ha-9 Wing Span: 10.60m Length: 7.78m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 18.00m2 Empty Weight: 1500kg Max.Weight: 1870kg Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: Range: 1000km Armament: Ki.6, Nakajima This transport aircraft was a license-built version of the Fokker Super Universal, a single-engined high-wing aircraft able to carry six passengers. The Army acquired about 20, while the Navy bought 50 similar {C2N}s. Ki.8, Nakajima Two-seat fighter, a low-wing monoplane with an inverted gull wing and a trousered undercarriage. Performance was good, but the army had doubts about the usefulness of two-seat fighters. Five built. Type: Ki.8 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 710hp Nakajima Kotobuki 3 Wing Span: 12.88m Length: 8.17m Height: 3.57m Wing Area: 28.50m2 Empty Weight: 1525kg Max.Weight: 2111kg Speed: 328km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.7mm Ki.9, Tachikawa 'Spruce' (Army Type 95-1 Medium Grade Trainer) Biplane trainer. The Ki.9 was designed to be built in low-powered primary trainer and higher-powered advanced trainer versions, but only the latter entered production. It was the standard trainer of the Japanese army during WWII. 2618 built. Type: Ki.9 Function: trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260kW Hitachi Ha-13a Wing Span: 10.32m Length: 7.90m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1120kg Max.Weight: 1580kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 5800m Range: 3h 30m Ki.10, Kawasaki 'Perry' (Army Type 95 Fighter) Biplane fighter. The Ki.10 already reflected the ideas that would serve the Japanese Army so badly in WWII: It was designed as a light, small, and very manoeuvrable aircraft. These demands caused Kawasaki to design a biplane, although it had built monoplane fighters earlier. 588 built. The Ki.10 fought in the 1938 war against the USSR. Type: Ki.10 (Type 95-II) Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 625kW Kawasaki Ha-9-IIa Wing Span: 10.02m Length: 7.55m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 23.00m2 Empty Weight: 1360kg Max.Weight: 1740kg Speed: 400km/h Ceiling: 11500m Range: 1100km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Ki.11, Nakajima Wirebraced low-wing monoplane, inspired by the U.S. {P-26}. The Ki-11 was built as a private venture, and was rejected by the Army, that bought the more maneuvrable Ki.10 biplane instead. Four built. Type: Ki.11 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 710hp Nakajima Kotobuki 3 Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 7.45m Height: 3.37m Wing Area: 18.00m2 Empty Weight: 1269kg Max.Weight: 1700kg Speed: 420km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ki.12, Nakajima The Ki.12 was an advanced monoplane fighter, designed under supervision of French engineers, with retractable landing gear and cannon armament. The conservative army considered the Ki.12 to be too heavy and not very manoeuvrable, despite having a greater range and being faster than the {Ki.27}. One built. Type: Ki.12 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 610hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 8.30m Height: Wing Area: 17.00m2 Empty Weight: 1400kg Max.Weight: 1900kg Speed: 480km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.7mm Ki.15, Mitsubishi 'Babs' (Army Type 97 Command Reconaissance aircraft) This was a light bomber, a a monoplane with fixed landing gear, developed from pre-war long-distance and mailplanes. When it entered service in the war with China the speed of the Ki.15 was adequate protection, but this was no longer true in 1941. 439 were built. Type: Ki.15-I Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 750hp Nakajima Ha-8 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 8.70m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 20.36m2 Empty Weight: 1400kg Max.Weight: 2300kg Speed: 480km/h Ceiling: 11400m Range: 2400km Armament: 1-2*mg7.7mm 250kg Ki.17, Tachikawa 'Cedar' (Army Type 95-3 Primary Trainer) Biplane primary trainer. 658 were built for the army. Type: Ki.17 Function: trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 112kW Hitachi Ha-12 Wing Span: 9.82m Length: 7.85m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 26.20m2 Empty Weight: 639kg Max.Weight: 914kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 5300m Range: Ki.18, Mitsubishi The Ki.18 was a development for the Japanese Army of the {Ka-18}, which also served as prototype for the {A5M}. The Ki.18 was considered to be insufficiently maneuvrable, but it encouraged the Army to ask for a more advanced aircraft. One built. Type: Ki.18 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Nakajima Kotobuki 5 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.65m Height: 3.15m Wing Area: 17.80m2 Empty Weight: 1110kg Max.Weight: Speed: 445km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Ki.20, Mitsubishi (Type 92 Very Heavy Bomber) Heavy four-engined bomber, derived from the German Junkers {K 51} design, itself a bomber variation of the G 38 airliner. Six built. At the outbreak of WWII they were used as transports. Type: Ki.20 Function: bomber Year: 1931 Crew: 10 Engines: 4 * 800hp Junkers Jumo 88a Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 25488kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g20mm 8*mg7.7mm 5000kg Ki.21, Mitsubishi 'Sally' (Army Type 97 heavy bomber) This twin-engined bomber was first flown in 1936 and was refined after combat experience in China. The Ki.21 looked clean and impressive, but was inherently obsolete. It was retired in 1943, despite the development of the Ki.21-II with far more powerful engines. 2064 built. Type: Ki.21-IIb Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 5-7 Engines: 2 * 1500hp Mitsubishi Ha-101 Wing Span: 22.50m Length: 16.00m Height: 4.85m Wing Area: 69.60m2 Empty Weight: 6070kg Max.Weight: 10610kg Speed: 486km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 2700km Armament: 6*mg7.7mm 1000kg Ki.27, Nakajima 'Nate' (Army Type 97 Fighter) The Ki.27 was the first monoplane of the Japanese Army. It was a rather exceptional aircraft, because maneuvrability had become a fetish for the Japanese air forces. The Ki.27 was probably the most agile fighter monoplane ever built. It was a clean, very light, elegant monoplane with fixed, spatted landing gear and good performance; it marked the new ability of the Japanese industry to design and build advanced aircraft. Combat experience against Soviet fighters in the 'Nomonhan Incident' was not entirely favourable, because of the type's insufficient speed, armour and armament. It was still the most numerous Army fighter in December 1941. 3387 built. Type: Ki.27-Otsu Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 780hp Nakajima Ha-1-Otsu Wing Span: 11.31m Length: 7.53m Height: 3.28m Wing Area: 18.56m2 Empty Weight: 1110kg Max.Weight: 1790kg Speed: 470km/h Ceiling: 12250m Range: 1710km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 4*b25kg Ki.28, Kawasaki Fighter monoplane, a very clean design with a closely-cowled liquid- cooled engine, although with fixed landing gear and a partially open cockpit. The Army preferred to nimbler {Ki.27}, despite the better speed, climb and accelaration of the Ki.28. Two built. Type: Ki.28 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 590kW Kawasaki Ha-9-II-Ko Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.90m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 19.00m2 Empty Weight: 1420kg Max.Weight: 1760kg Speed: 485km/h Ceiling: Range: 1000km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Ki.30, Mitsubishi 'Ann' (Army Type 97 Light Bomber) In the mid-30's the single-engined, fast light bomber enjoyed some popularity. Britain built the Fairey {Battle}, the USSR the Suchoi {Su-2}, the U.S.A. the Northrop {A-17}, and Japan the {Ki.15} and Ki.30. All these aircraft looked impressive at the time when most fighters were still biplanes, but were hacked down in large numbers when they encountered modern fighters. The Ki.30 with fixed landing gear was one of the major types in the war with China, but was retired in 1942 after contributing to the attack on the Philippines. Nevertheless, some were used as Kamikaze aircraft in 1945. 704 built. Type: Ki.30 Function: bomber Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 950hp Mitsubishi Ha-5 Zuisei Wing Span: 14.55m Length: 10.35m Height: 3.65m Wing Area: 30.58m2 Empty Weight: 2230kg Max.Weight: 3220kg Speed: 423km/h Ceiling: 8750m Range: 1700km Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm 400kg Ki.32, Kawasaki 'Mary' (Army Type 98 Single-engined light bomber) This was yet another light monoplane bomber with fixed landing gear. The {Ki.30} was intially preferred over the Ki.32 because the latter's liquid-cooled engine was unreliable, but later the Ki.32 was put into production. In 1942 it was assigned to second-line units. 854 built. Type: Ki.32 Function: bomber Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 850hp Ha-9-11 Wing Span: 15m Length: 11.64m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 34m2 Empty Weight: 2349kg Max.Weight: 3762kg Speed: 423km/h Ceiling: 8920m Range: 1300km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 450kg Ki.33, Mitsubishi Development of the {Ki.18}. The Ki.33 was a monoplane fighter with enclosed cockpit, but fixed landing gear. The Army preferred the nimbler {Ki.27}. No production. Type: Ki.33 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 440kW Nakajima Ha-1-Ko Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.54m Height: 3.19m Wing Area: 17.80m2 Empty Weight: 1132kg Max.Weight: Speed: 474km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ki.34, Nakajima 'Thora' (Army Type 97 Transport Aircraft) Small twin-engined transport, inspired by the Douglas DC-2. It was used as a civilian transport by the airlines of Japan and Manchuria. Later it was also adopted by the Japanese army. 318 were built. Type: Ki.34 Function: transport Year: 1937 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 520kW Nakajima Kotobuki 41 Wing Span: 19.81m Length: 15.30m Height: 4.15m Wing Area: 49.20m2 Empty Weight: 3500kg Max.Weight: 5250kg Speed: 310km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1200km Load: 8 seats Ki.36, Tachikawa 'Ida' (Type 98 close support aircraft) Small airmy-cooperation aircraft with fixed landing gear. The Ki.36 was used a lot in China, but was not suitable for combat in the Pacific. Nevertheless it ended its career there, as suicide attack aircraft. 1334 built, until 1943. Type: Ki.36 Function: attack Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 375kW Hitachi Ha-13a Wing Span: 11.80m Length: 8.00m Height: 3.64m Wing Area: 20m2 Empty Weight: 1247kg Max.Weight: 1660kg Speed: 348km/h Ceiling: 8150m Range: 1235km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 150kg Ki.37, Nakajima Designation assigned to Nakajima for the building of a twin-engined strategic fighter. The company never submitted a project. Ki.38, Kawasaki This project for a twin-engined long-range fighter was abandoned, to be revived later as the {Ki.45}. Ki.39, Misubishi Designation assigned to Mitsubishi for the building of a twin-engined strategic fighter. Mitsubishi complained that it was already overburdened, and the project was abandoned. Ki.40, Misubishi Design for a twin-engined reconaissance aircraft, developed from the {Ki.39}. Abandoned in favour of the {Ki.46} design. Ki.43 Hayabusa, Nakajima 'Oscar' (Army Type 1 Fighter) The Ki.43 was antiquated in concept, and this was entirely due to the conservatism of the army, that had been misled by the succes of the {Ki.27}. The Ki.43 was designed for maneuvrability at the expense of robustness, climb and dive speed, and armament. When Japan entered WWII in December 1941 only 40 were in service. Nevertheless the Ki.43 was numerically the most important army fighter during most of the war, and enjoyed considerable succes until the Allied pilots learnt to avoid dogfights with the Ki.43. Later rudimentary self-sealing fuel tanks and some 13mm armour plating were introduced, but the armament remained inadequate. 5919 built. Type: Ki.43-I-Hei Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 990hp Nakajima Ha-25 Wing Span: 11.44m Length: 8.83m Height: 3.27m Wing Area: 22.00m2 Empty Weight: 1590kg Max.Weight: 2583kg Speed: 492km/h Ceiling: 11750m Range: 1300km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm Type: Ki.43-II-Otsu Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 850kW Nakajima Ha-115 Wing Span: 10.84m Length: 8.92m Height: 3.27m Wing Area: 21.4m2 Empty Weight: 1910kg Max.Weight: 2925kg Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: 11200m Range: 3200km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*b250kg Ki.44 Shoki, Nakajima 'Tojo' (Army Type 2 Single-seat Fighter) The Ki.44 was quite radical as far as Japanese thinkign was considered. It was a fast interceptor with a relatively high wing loading, which sacrificed maneuvrability for speed. At first it was viewed with suspicion by conservative pilots and even considered dangerous. But the pilots soon learned to use its roll rate, climb-and-dive speed and excellence as a gun platform. About 1225 were built. Type: Ki.44-II-Otsu Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1520hp Nakajima Ha-109 Wing Span: 9.45m Length: 8.84m Height: 3.25m Wing Area: 15.00m2 Empty Weight: 2106kg Max.Weight: 2993kg Speed: 605km/h Ceiling: 11200m Range: 1690km Armament: 4*mg12.7mm 2*b100kg Ki.45 Toryu, Kawasaki 'Nick' (Type 2 Two-Seat Fighter) The Ki.45 was a twin-engined long-range fighter. Development was difficult and the production Ki.45-KAI had only a configurational similarity to the first prototype. The Ki.45 was relatively small and surprisingly maneuvrable for a twin-engined aircraft. It was an effective fighter-bomber and a creditable interceptor, but it lacked the climb performance to attack to {B-29}. 1701 were built. Type: Ki.45-KAI-Ko Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1080hp Mitsubishi Ha-102 Wing Span: 15.05m Length: 11.00m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 32m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 540km/h Ceiling: 10730m Range: 2260km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.92mm Ki.46, Mitsubishi 'Dinah' (Army Type 100 Command Reconaissance aircraft) The graceful Ki.46 was an excellent high-altitude reconaissance aircraft, and one of the few aircraft that could escape fighters by its high performance. The Ki.46-III had an unstepped nose, the other versions had more conventional lines. An attempt to use it as {B-29} interceptor was less successful, due to the type's low climbing speed. 1742 built. Type: Ki.46-II Function: reconnaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 783kW Mitsubishi Ha-102 Wing Span: 14.70m Length: 11.00m Height: 3.88m Wing Area: 32.00m2 Empty Weight: 3263kg Max.Weight: 5800kg Speed: 604km/h Ceiling: 10720m Range: 2475km Armament: 0-1*mg7.7mm Type: Ki.46-III Function: reconnaissance Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1500hp Mitsubishi Ha-112-II Wing Span: 14.70m Length: 11.00m Height: 3.88m Wing Area: 32.00m2 Empty Weight: 3830kg Max.Weight: 6500kg Speed: 630km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: 4000km Ki.48, Kawasaki 'Lily' (Army Type 99 Twin-engined light bomber) This light bomber was built to an uninspired requirement for a light bomber similar to the Soviet Tupolev {SB}. The Ki.48 was a mediocre aircraft that could only operate at night or under total air superiority and carried less bombs than many fighter-bombers. Nevertheless production continued until 1944. 1977 built. Type: Ki.48-IIb Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 858kW Nakajima Ha-115 Wing Span: 17.45m Length: 12.75m Height: 3.80m Wing Area: 40m2 Empty Weight: 4550kg Max.Weight: 6750kg Speed: 505km/h Ceiling: 10100m Range: 2400km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 400kg Ki.49 Donryu, Nakajima 'Helen' (Army Type 100 Heavy bomber) This bomber replaced the {Ki.21}. It was better armoured, but had no real other advantages over the older aircraft. It never replaced it completely. 819 built. Type: Ki.49-IIa Function: bomber Year: 1942 Crew: 8 Engines: 2 * 1500hp Nakajima Ha-109 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 492km/h Ceiling: 9300m Range: 2950km Armament: 1*g20mm 5*mg 1000kg Ki.51, Mitsubishi 'Sonia' (Army Type 99 Assault Aircraft) This was a development of the {Ki.30} as ground attack aircraft, smaller and better protected. Despite its apparent obsolescence it was never replaced. 2388 built. Type: Ki.51 Function: attack Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 940hp Mitsubishi Ha-26-II Wing Span: 12.10m Length: 9.20m Height: 2.73m Wing Area: 24.02m2 Empty Weight: 1873kg Max.Weight: 2920kg Speed: 424km/h Ceiling: 8270m Range: 1060km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 200kg Ki.54, Tachikawa 'Hickory' (Army Type 1 Advanced Trainer) A small twin-engined low-wing aircraft, used as trainer and light transport. 1368 built. Type: Ki.54 Hei Function: trainer Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 450hp Hitachi Ha-13a Speed: 376km/h Ceiling: 7180m Range: 960km Load: 8 seats Ki.55, Tachikawa 'Ida' (Army Type 99 Advanced Trainer) Trainer development of the {Ki.36}, with no combat equipment. 1389 built. Type: Ki.55 Function: trainer Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 375kW Hitachi Ha-13a Speed: 349km/h Ceiling: 8200m Range: 1060km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 500kg Ki.56, Kawasaki 'Thalia' (Army Type 1 Freight Transport) This was a development of the Lockheed 14, but both bigger and lighter, and generally superior. 121 were built. Type: Ki.56 Function: transport Year: 1941 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 990hp Nakajima Ha-25 Speed: 400km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: Load: 2400kg Ki.57, Kawasaki 'Topsy' (Army Type 100 transport aircraft). The most important Japanese transport aircraft of WWII, a development of the {Ki.21} bomber. It was originally intended as a civil transport (known as MC-20) but most were used by the military. 507 built. Type: Ki.57-II Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1050hp Mitsubishi Ha-102 Wing Span: 22.60m Length: 16.10m Height: 4.85m Wing Area: 70.08m2 Empty Weight: 5585kg Max.Weight: 9120kg Speed: 470km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 3000km Load: 11 seats Ki.58, Nakajima This was an escort fighter development of the {Ki.49}, with five 20mm cannon and three 12.7mm guns. Only three were built. Ki.59, Kokusai 'Theresa' (Army Type 1 Transport Aircraft) Small transport and liaison aircraft. 59 built. This was a high-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear. Type: Ki.59 Function: transport Year: 1941 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 2 * 375kW Hitachi Ha-13 Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: 8 seats Ki.60, Kawasaki The Ki.60 was an attempt to build an interceptor that had greater speed and climb-and-dive capability, at the expense of maneuvrability. It was a small aircraft powered by a Daimler-Benz DB 601A. Handling was bad and performance disappointing; the Army decided in favour of the competing {Ki.44}. Three built. Type: Ki.60 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1175hp Daimler-Benz DB 601A Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 8.47m Height: Wing Area: 16.20m2 Empty Weight: 2150kg Max.Weight: 2750kg Speed: 560km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: Armament: 4*mg12.7mm Ki.61 Hien, Kawasaki 'Tony' (Army Type 3 Fighter) After the {Ki.60} fiasco, Kawasaki concentrated on the Ki.61, an all-round fighter for low and medium altitudes, lighter and with more wing surface. The Ki.61 was very different from earlier Japanese fighters; it had a liquid-cooled engine (a copy of the DB 601A), armour plating, self-sealing fuel tanks and increased armament. Some Hiens had 20mm Mauser cannon, brought by submarine from Germany. The Ki.61 was an effective fighter, making a change of Allied combat tactics necessary. But it was inferior to the {F6F} and {P-51}. The Ki.61-II development had to be abandoned due to the unreliability of the Ha-140 engine, but was later resurrected as the {Ki.100}. 3078 built. Type: Ki.61-I-KAI-Hei Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1175kW Kawasaki Ha-40 Wing Span: 12m Length: 8.95m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 20m2 Empty Weight: 2630kg Max.Weight: 3470kg Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1080km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm 2*b250kg Ki.64, Kawasaki 'Rob' The Ki.64 was a fighter which used a twin-engined centreline thrust concept. The two Ha-40 engines were installed in the fuselage, one in the nose and the second one behind the pilot, with a long axis beneath the pilot's seat, driving contra-rotating propellors in the nose. This arrangment was known as the Ha-201. The Ki.64 also used steam vapour cooling with wing surface radiators to reduce drag even more. The prototype was damaged on its fifth flight and the programme abandoned. Type: Ki.64 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2350hp Kawasaki Ha-201 Wing Span: 13.50m Length: 11.03m Height: 4.25m Wing Area: 28.00m2 Empty Weight: 4050kg Max.Weight: Speed: 700km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 500km Armament: 4*g20mm Ki.66, Kawasaki Twin-engined dive bomber. A development of the {Ki.45} was preferred. Six built. Type: Ki.66 Function: dive bomber Year: 1942 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1150hp Nakajima Ha 115 Speed: 535km/h Ceiling: Range: 2000km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.7mm 500kg Ki.67 Hiryu, Mitsubishi 'Peggy' (Army Type 4 Heavy Bomber) The Ki.67 medium bomber was fast, well-armed and armoured, and had a fighter-like maneuvrability. Delays reduced the production to 727, almost all built in 1945. The performance was impressive enough that the Army considered several fighter developments, the {Ki.69}, {Ki.104} and {Ki.109}. Type: Ki.67-Ib Function: bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 6-8 Engines: 2 * 1900hp Mitsubishi Ha-104 Wing Span: 22.50m Length: 18.70m Height: 7.70m Wing Area: 65.85m2 Empty Weight: 8650kg Max.Weight: 13765kg Speed: 537km/h Ceiling: 9470m Range: 2800km Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm 800kg Ki.68, Nakajima Proposed version of the {G5N} bomber for the Army. Not built. Ki.69, Mitsubishi Gunship version of the {Ki.67}. Abandoned. 1942. Ki.70, Tachikawa 'Clara' The Ki.70 was intended as successor for the {Ki.46}, but it proved slower than the Ki.46 and difficult to handle. Three were built. Type: Ki.70 Function: strategic reconaissance Year: 1943 Crew: Engines: 1 * 1400kW Mitsubishi Ha-104M Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ki.71, Mitsubishi 'Edna' This was an improved {Ki.51} with retractable landing gear and a more powerful engine, 1100kW Mitsubishi Ha-112. Performance was disappointing. Three built. Ki.72, Tachikawa Advanced development of the {Ki.36} with retractable landing gear. Not built. Ki.73, Mitsubishi 'Steve' Reported as a design for a long-range escort fighter powered by a 2600hp liquid-cooled 24-cylinder engine. It was abandoned because of problems during engine development. Ki.74, Tachikawa 'Patsy' or 'Pat' A clean twin-engined aircraft with a long win span and a bulbuous, cylindrical nose with a pressure cabin. The requirement was originally one for a high-speed, high-altitude aircraft to reconnoitre the vast depth of Siberia. Later it was revived as a high-altitude reconaissance bomber, with a range large enough to reach the continental United States. 16 built. Type: Ki.74 Function: reconaissance bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 1470kW Mitsubishi Ha-104 Ru Wing Span: 27m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 570km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 8000km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1000kg Ki.76, Kokusai 'Stella' (Army Type 3 Command Liaison Aircraft) The Ki.76 was equivalent to the German Fieseler {Fi 156} 'Storch' STOL aircraft, but was not a real copy. Changes improved the general performance at some cost in STOL capability. It was used as liaison and anti-submarine aircraft. Type: Ki.76 Function: observation / liaison Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 310hp Hitachi Ha-42 Speed: 178km/h Ceiling: 5630m Range: 750km Armament: 1*mg 120kg Ki.77, Tachikawa Experimental long-range aircraft. The Ki.77, or A-26, was a clean, beautiful monoplane with a long-span, laminar-flow wing and a pressure cabin. It was intended for a flight from Tokyo to New York, but later the target was changed to Berlin. One Ki.77 made a closed-circuit flight of 16435km. The other one disappeared underway to Berlin. Two built. Type: Ki.77 Function: experimental Year: 1942 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 860kW Nakajima Ha-115 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 440km/h Ceiling: 8700m Range: 18000km Ki.78, Kawasaki Fast experimental aircraft. One built. It was not able to reach the speed expected from it. Type: Ki.78 Function: experimental Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1550hp Daimler Benz DB 601A Speed: 700km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ki.80, Nakajima 'Helen' Development of the {Ki.49}, intended as formation lead aircraft. Two built. Type: Ki.80 Function: experimental Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * Ha-117 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ki.83, Mitsubishi The Ki.83 was designed as an twin-engined, heavily armed long-range fighter. It was one of the most advanced Japanese aircraft of WWII, fast and very maneuvrable. But it was still in development when the war ended. Four built. Type: Ki.83 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 2200hp Mitsubishi Ha-211-Ru Wing Span: 15.50m Length: 12.50m Height: 4.60m Wing Area: 33.52m2 Empty Weight: 5980kg Max.Weight: Speed: 704km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 2800km Armament: 2*g30mm 2*g20mm 2*b50kg Ki.84 Hayate, Nakajima 'Frank' (Army Type 4 Fighter) The Ki.84 combined all the assets of a truly modern fighter aircraft with the traditional maneuvrability of Japanese fighters. It was sturdy, well-armoured, carried heavy armament, and could outclimb and outturn any opponent. But it suffered from low production standards, so maintenance became a nightmare, and the crumbling of the Japanese industry reduced production to 3382. Type: Ki.84-I-Ko Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2000hp Nakajima Ha-45-21 Wing Span: 11.24m Length: 9.92m Height: 3.39m Wing Area: 21m2 Empty Weight: 2660kg Max.Weight: 3890kg Speed: 624km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 2920km Armament: 2*mg13mm 2*g20mm 2*b250kg Ki.85, Kawanishi Proposed development of the {G5N} bomber. Not built. Ki.86, Kokusai 'Cypress' (Army Type 4 Primary trainer) Equivalent to the Navy's {K9W}, a license-built Bucker {Bu 131}. 1037 built. Ki.87, Nakajima Japan never developed an effective high-altitude fighter, despite numerous attempts. The need for such aircraft became particularly urgent with the introduction by the US of the high-flying {B-29} bomber. The Ki.87 had a pressurized cockpit and a turbocharger, fitted to the right side of forward fuselage. Only one was built, and this was only flown five times. Following data are estimates. Type: Ki.87 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2450hp Nakajima Ha-44-21 (Ha-219-Ru) Wing Span: 13.42m Length: 11.82m Height: Wing Area: 26.00m2 Empty Weight: 4387kg Max.Weight: 5632kg Speed: 706km/h Ceiling: 12885m Range: 2h Armament: 2*g30mm 2*g20mm 1*b250kg Ki.88, Kawasaki This was a simpler derivative of the {Ki.64}, with the nose engine and the vulnerable surface cooling system removed. Never built. Ki.91, Kawasaki Heavy bomber. Cancelled when all tooling was destroyed by bombing. Type: Ki.91 Function: bomber Year: 1945 Crew: Engines: 4 * 2500hp Mitsubishi Ha-214 Ru Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ki.92, Tachikawa Large twin-engined transport. The Ki.92 looked good, but turned out to be a disappointment. It flew only once. Type: Ki.92 Function: transport Year: 1945 Crew: Engines: 2 * Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ki.93, Rikugun The Ki.93 was first designed as a twin-engined long-range fighter, but emphasis later shifted to a multi-role fighter-bomber. The Ki.93 looked very promising, with its laminar-flow wing, powerful engines, sleek fuselage, extensive armour and 57mm gun. But it was flown only once before an accident and bombing halted testing. Type: Ki.93 Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1945 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1970hp Mitsubishi Ha-214 Wing Span: 19.00m Length: 14.21m Height: 4.85m Wing Area: 54.75m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 11440kg Speed: 624km/h Ceiling: 12050m Range: 2000km Armament: 1*g57mm 2*g20mm 1*mg12.7mm Ki.94, Tachikawa Single-seat high-altitude fighter. The prototype was completed in 1945, but not flown. It was powered by a 1790kW Nakajima Ha-44 engine. Ki.95, Mitsubishi Strategic reconaissance aircraft. Ki.96, Kawasaki The Ki.96 was a derivative of the {Ki.45} with a new fuselage and more powerful engines. During development the position for the rear gunner was removed, and the Ki.96 became a single-seater. The Ki.96 was an excellent aircraft, but served only as a stepping stone in the development of the two-seat {Ki.102}. Three built. Type: Ki.96 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1500hp Mitsubishi Ha-112-II Wing Span: 15.57m Length: 11.45m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 34.00m2 Empty Weight: 4550kg Max.Weight: Speed: 630km/h Ceiling: 11500m Range: 600km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g20mm Ki.100, Kawasaki (Army Type 5 Fighter) The Ki.61-II-KAI development of the {Ki.61} was an excellent high-altitude fighter, but its liquid-cooled Ha-140 engine was in short supply and extremely unreliable. As an emergency measure, the aircraft was adapted for the Ha-112 radial, and production began with the conversion of engineless Ki.61-II airframes. Despite the improvised nature of this aircraft, the Ki.100 demonstrated to be the best WWII fighter of the Japanese Army in the ten months before the end of WWII. 396 built. Type: Ki.100-I-Otsu Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1500hp Mitsubishi Ha-112-II Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 8.80m Height: 3.75m Wing Area: 20m2 Empty Weight: 2700kg Max.Weight: 3670kg Speed: 590km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 2200km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm Ki.102, Kawasaki 'Randy' (Army Type 4 Assault Aircraft) The Ki.102 was a multi-purpose development of the {Ki.96}. It reverted to the two-seat configuration. The Ki.102-Ko interceptor was handicapped by its troublesome superchargers, but the Ki-102-Otsu was an excellent ground attack aircraft. The Ki-102-Hei night fighters, with long-span wings and a longer fuselage, and equipped with German radar, was still in development when WWII ended. Only 238 were built. Type: Ki-102-Ko Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1500hp Mitsubishi Ha-112-Ru Wing Span: 15.57m Length: 11.45m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: 5150kg Max.Weight: Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: 13000m Range: 2100km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g20mm Ki.103, Mitsubishi High-altitude interceptor version of the {Ki.83}. The war ended before a prototype was completed. Ki.104, Mitsubishi Fighter version of the {Ki.67}. See {Ki.109}. Ki.105 Ohtori, Kokusai 'Buzzard' A powered version of the {Ku.7} glider, a hasty lash-up to get an aircraft that could carry fuel from Sumatra to Japan. Nine built. Type: Ki.105 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 690kW Mitsubishi Ha-26-II Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: 2500km Armament: Ki.106, Nakajima / Tachikawa This was a wooden version of the {Ki.84}, intended for production by semi-skilled labour. Only three were built, two were flown. To reduce weight, the second prototype had only two 20mm cannon. Type: Ki.106 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1400kW Nakajima Ha-45-21 Wing Span: Length: Height: 3.59m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 2948kg Max.Weight: 3900kg Speed: 620km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km + 1.5hrs Armament: 4*g20mm Ki.108, Kawasaki The {B-29} caused much concern in Japan, because it could operate well above the operational ceiling of most Japanese fighters. The Ki.108 was a derivative of the {Ki.102} with a pressure cabin and turbosupercharged engines, intended as a B-29 interceptor. Only four were built before the end of the war. Type: Ki.108 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1500hp Mitsubishi Ha-112-II-Ru Wing Span: 15.67m Length: 11.71m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 34.00m2 Empty Weight: 5300kg Max.Weight: 7200kg Speed: 630km/h Ceiling: 13500m Range: 1600km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g20mm Ki.109, Mitsubishi The {Ki.67} was the best Japanese medium bomber, and several attempts were made to convert it to a fighter. The {Ki.69} gunship version was cancelled in 1942, but in 1944 a version with a new nose containing a 75mm AA cannon in the nose was flown as the {Ki.104}. The production version was the Ki.109, without gun turret and beam gunners, and intended to be fitted with superchargers -- but none were available. The Ki.109 was a failure in combat. 22 built. Type: Ki.109-Ko Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1900hp Mitsubishi Ha-104 Wing Span: 22.50m Length: 17.95m Height: 5.80m Wing Area: 65.85m2 Empty Weight: 7424kg Max.Weight: Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: Range: 2200km Armament: 1*g75mm 1*mg12.7mm Ki.110, Tachikawa Wooden development of the {Ki.54}. The prototype was destroyed before the first flight. Ki.111, Tachikawa Development of the {Ki.54} for the transport of fuel. None built. Ki.113, Nakajima Version of the {Ki.84} built from steel and wood to replace scarce light alloys. Prototype never completed. Ki.114, Tachikawa Development of the {Ki.110}. None built. Ki.115 Tsurugi, Nakajima The Ki.115 was a purpose-designed suicide attack aircraft of mixed construction. Handling was bad. 105 were built, but none were used operationally. Type: Ki.115 Function: suicide attack Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1150hp Nakajima Ha-35 Type 23 Wing Span: 8.60m Length: 8.55m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 12.40m2 Empty Weight: 1640kg Max.Weight: 2880kg Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: Range: 1200km Armament: 800kg Ki.116, Nakajima Version of the {Ki.84} with a Mitsubishi Ha-112-II engine. The original Ha-45 was in short suply after the bombing of the production plant. The lighter engine improved maneuvrability considerably. Ki.117, Nakajima Development of the {Ki.84}. None built. Ki.200 Shusui, Mitsubishi Army designation of the {J8M}. Ki.230, Nakajima Development of the {Ki.115}. Not built. Kikka, Nakajima The Kikka was an imitation of the German Messerschmitt {Me 262} jet fighter. It was smaller, less powerful, and less advanced. It was primarily intended as a bomber, but fighter versions were under development. Only one was flown, twice, before the end of the war. Type: Kikka Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 475kg Ne-20 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 712km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 950km Armament: 800kg KM-2, Fuji Trainer, development of the Beech {T-34} Mentor. See also {T-3}. Type: KM-2B Function: trainer Year: 1978 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 254kW Lycoming IGSO-480-A1A6 Wing Span: 10.01m Length: 8.03m Height: 3.02m Wing Area: 16.50m2 Empty Weight: 1120kg Max.Weight: 1542kg Speed: 377km/h Ceiling: 8170m Range: 965km Ko 2, Nakajima License-built French Nieuport 83 sesquiplane fighter-trainer. Ko 3, Nakajima License-built French {Nieuport 24} sesquiplane fighter-trainer. Ko 4, Nakajima License-built French Nieuport-Delage {NiD-29} biplane fighter. Koshiki-2, Tokorozawa Biplane fighter, the first of indigenous design. The Koshiki-2 owed much to the French Spad and Salmson biplanes. The design was abandoned because of bad handling characteristics. Two built. Type: Koshiki-2 Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 260hp Salmson 9Z Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.60m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 650kg Max. Weight: 950kg Speed: 206km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.0 hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Ku.7 Manazuru, Kokusai 'Buzzard' Large glider with twin tail booms, capable of carrying 32 troops or an 8-ton tank. It made its first flight in 1944, when there was no longer any need for assault gliders, and the design was converted into the powered {Ki.105}. Ku.8, Kokusai 'Gander' or 'Goose' (Army Type 4 Large Transport Glider) A high-wing glider. The blunt-nose Ku 8 could carry 20 troopers or a small cannon. The design was based on that of a {Ki.59} without engines. KV107, Kawasaki Tandem-rotor helicopter, license-built Boeing Vertol 107. KXA, North American The North American NA-16, an {AT-6} variant. It was license-built in Japan as the {K10W}. KXBu, Bucker The Bucker {Bu 131} trainer. It was license-built in Japan as the {K9W}. KXC, Caudron Caudron {C.600} {Aiglon} trainer. One tested. KXHe, Heinkel One Heinkel {He 72} tested by the IJN. KXJ, Junkers One Junkers A-50 tested by the IJN. --L-------------------------------------------------------------------------- L1N, Nakajima Navy version of the {Ki.34}. L2D, Showa / Nakajima 'Tabby' (Naval Type 0 Transport Aircraft) Japanese version of the Douglas DC-3. 485 built. Type: L2D2 Function: transport Year: 1941 Crew: 3-5 Engines: 2 * 795kW Mitsubishi Kinsei 43 Speed: 354km/h Ceiling: 10900m Range: 3220km Load: 21 seats, 4500kg L3Y, Mitsubishi / Yokosuka 'Tina' (Naval Type 96 Transport Aircraft) Transport version of the {G3M}, developed by the Naval Arsenal at Kasumigaura. Type: L3Y1 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * Mitsubihi Kinsei 3 Speed: Ceiling: 7500m Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm L4M, Mitsubishi 'Topsy' Navy designation of the {Ki.57}. L7P, Nihon Amphibian transport. Only two were built. Type: L7P1 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: Engines: 2 * 520kW Nakajima Kotobuki Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 8 seats LB-2, Nakajima Bomber. No production. LM, Fuji Liaison version of the Fuji {KM-2}. LO, Tachikawa 'Thelma' License-built Lockheed 14. 119 built. Type: LO Function: transport Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 660kW Mitsubishi Ho-26-I Speed: 418km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: 12 seats Lockheed 14 'Toby' Imported US civil transport. LR-1, Mitsubishi Version of the {MU-2} for liaison and reconaissance. LR-2, Beechcraft Version of the Beechcraft King Air 350 as liaison/reconnaissance aircraft, with a ventral radar radome. First delivery in 1999. LXC, Curtiss-Wright One Curtiss Courthney tested by the IJN. LXD, Douglas This was the Douglas DC-4E prototype, bought by the IJN. The DC-4E was the basis for the {G5N}. It had little relation with the later, smaller DC-4 ({C-54}). LXF, Fairchild One Fairchild A942 Amphibian tested by the IJN. LXHe, Heinkel One Heinkel {He 70} tested by the IJN. LXG, Hitachi Type: HXG 1 Function: liaison (C.O.D.) Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110kW Tokyo Jimpu 3 Speed: 215km/h Ceiling: 4700m Range: 720km Load: 3 seats LXK, Kinner One Kinner Envoy tested by the IJN. --M-------------------------------------------------------------------------- M6A Seiran, Aichi Japan, France, the U.S., Britain and Germany have all built small reconaissance aircraft intended to be carried by submarines, but the M6A was really unique. It was a powerful submarine-based attack aircraft. The plan was that special 4700ton I-400 class submarines would bring the M6A's close to the installations of the Panama canal. The M6A itself was an impressive low-wing monoplane, well- streamlined, with twin floats. About 30 were built, including the land-based M6A1-K Nanzan trainer version. Type: M6A1 Function: attack Year: 1945 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1400hp Aichi Atsuta 32 Speed: 475km/h Ceiling: 9900m Range: 1190km Armament: 850kg 1*mg13mm M6A Nanzan, Aichi The M6A1-K Nanzan was a landplane trainer version of the {M6A}. It had a retractable undercarriage, but no wing folding, and the folding fin top was deleted. Me 210, Messerschmitt In early 1943 the Japanese imported one {Me 210}A-1 for evaluation. Considering the types serious handling problems, this must have lowered their opinion of the design ability of their German allies! Mi-go, Aichi Experimental single-engined reconaissance seaplane. Four built. 1924. Mitsubishi Type 10 Carrier-borne Reconaissance Biplane See {2MR}. MS, Nakajima See {E8N}. MU-2, Mitsubishi Twin-engined high-wing business aircraft, also in service with the JASDF. The MU-2 is used as SAR aircraft, navigation trainer and liaison aircraft. 831 were built, of which 73 in military versions. Type: MU-2S Function: SAR Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: MXJ1 Wakakusa, Nihon Kogata Two-seat training glider MXY1, Yokosuka Research aircraft. MXY3, Yokosuka Radio-controlled target aircraft. MXY4, Yokosuka Radio-controlled target aircraft. MXY5, Yokosuka Experimental transport aircraft. Twelve built. MXY6, Canard glider, aerodynamic test aircraft for the {J7W}. MXY7 Ohka, Yokosuka 'Baka' Called 'Baka' (fool) by the U.S. soldiers, this was a manned flying bomb. The Ohka was carried close to its target by a modified {G4M} bomber, and then neared its target in glide or under power, ending with a powered 970km/h dive to its target. By lighting one rocket engine an Ohka could outdistance fighters, but its radius of action was only 28km, and the carrier aircraft were highly vulnerable. The Ohka had a 1200kg warhead. The Ohka 22 was a jet-engined version; the 33 was also jet-engined but was never built, and the 43 was either intended to be catapult-launched, or a two-seat training version known as Wakazakura. 852 were built, but only 80 were used in combat. They are estimated to have sunk one destroyer, and damaged a battleship, three destroyers, a minesweeper, and two transport ships. Type: Ohka 11 Function: suicide attack Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 3 * 265kg Type 4 Model 1-20 Wing Span: 5.10m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Range: 69km Armament: 1200kg MXY8 Akikusa, Yokosuka Wooden glider version of the {J8M}, intended as trainer. MXY9 Shuka, Yokosuka Experimental trainer. MXY10, Yokosuka Non-flying decoy, a replica of the {P1Y}. MXY11, Yokosuka (Navy Type 1 Attack Bomber Ground Decoy) Non-flying decoy, a replica of the {G4M}. --N-------------------------------------------------------------------------- N1K Kyofu, Kawanishi 'Rex' The N1K was an advanced floatplane fighter. It was a small mid-wing aircraft with a large central float and small outriggers. The operational need for such aircraft evaporated, but it was modified and became the {N1K}1-J land-based fighter. About 90 built. Type: N1K1 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1530hp Mitsubishi MK4E Kasei 15 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 10.59m Height: 4.75m Wing Area: 23.50m2 Empty Weight: 2750kg Max.Weight: 3712kg Speed: 490km/h Ceiling: 10560m Range: 1670km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.7mm 60kg N1K Shiden, Kawanishi 'George' The N1K1-J was a landplane version of the impressive {N1K1} Kyofu 'Rex' seaplane fighter. It showed to be one of the best Japanese fighters, with an unmatched maneuvrability, sturdy, powerful, and well armed. Its structure was heavy and complex, and the N1K2-J Shiden-Kai was a thoroughly redesigned aircraft, more adapted to the landplane configuration. The most visible change was that the N1K2-J was a low-wing aircraft, while the N1K1-J had a mid-wing configuration. Actually the N1K2-J had little more in common with the N1K1-J than the wings and the engine. 1453 built. Type: N1K1-Ja Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1990hp Nakajima NK9H Homare 21 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 8.88m Height: 4.06m Wing Area: 23.50m2 Empty Weight: 2897kg Max.Weight: 4321kg Speed: 582km/h Ceiling: Range: 1430km Armament: 4*mg20mm Type: N1K2-J Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1990hp Nakajima Homare 21 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 9.35m Height: 3.96m Wing Area: 23.50m2 Empty Weight: 2657kg Max.Weight: 4860kg Speed: 594km/h Ceiling: 10760m Range: 1720km Armament: 4*g20mm 2*b250kg NAF-1, Nakajima Two-seat shipboard fighter biplane, a fighter with secondary dive-bomber and reconaissance role. The programme was abandoned after the loss of the prototype. One built. Type: NAF-1 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 530hp Nakajima Kotobuki 2 Wing Span: 10.72m Length: 7.19m Height: 2.82m Wing Area: 29.39m2 Empty Weight: 1270kg Max.Weight: 1844kg Speed: 278km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.7mm NAF-2, Nakajima Two-seat carrier fighter biplane. The NAF-2 was more modern than the {NAF-1}, and met the original requirements of the IJN. But the Navy changed its policy, abandoning two-seat fighters. Two built. Type: NAF-2 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 580hp Nakajima Kotobuki 2 Wing Span: 10.30m Length: 7.26m Height: 2.85m Wing Area: 26.35m2 Empty Weight: 1233kg Max.Weight: 1710kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: Range: 4h 30m Armament: 3*mg7.7mm Nakajima Type 5 Biplane trainer. 118 were built for the Japanese Army between 1919 and 1921. Nakajima Type 91 Fighter Parasol wing single-seat fighter, developed from the {NC} by almost total redesign. 450 were built, but service entry was delayed by stability and CG problems. Type: Type 91-I Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 330kW Bristol Jupiter Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.26m Height: 2.79m Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 1075kg Max.Weight: 1530kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 2h Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Nakajima 7-Shi Fighter This was a navalised development of the {Nakajima Type 91}, intended to replace the {A2N}. Only one was built. Type: 7-Shi Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 560hp Nakajima Kotobuki 5 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.20m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 1100kg Max.Weight: 1600kg Speed: 296km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm NC, Nakajima This parasol-wing fighter was not accepted by the Army. Two late prototypes were the first {Nakajima Type 91} fighters, but these were completely redesigned aircraft that had little in common with the original NC. Seven built. Type: NC Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Bristol Jupiter VI Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm NJ, Nakajima See {E4N}2. NY, Nakajima See {A2N}. NZ, Nakajima Float biplane. No production. --O-------------------------------------------------------------------------- OH-1, Nakajima The prototype of this two-seat scout and observation helicopter was flown in 1996. Like similar types, OH-1 has tandem seating and stub wings for armament. The tail rotor is of "fenestron" type. Type: OH-1 Function: attack Year: 1996 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 660kW Mitsubishi XTS1-10 Rotor Span: 11.5m Length: Height: 4.00m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 2500kg Max.Weight: 3500kg Speed: 259km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: OH-X, Nakajima See {OH-1}. --P-------------------------------------------------------------------------- P1Y Ginga / Kyokko, Yokosuka 'Frances' Twin-engined medium bomber (P1Y1 Ginga) and night fighter (P1Y1-S Byakko and P1Y2-S Kyokko). The P1Y was maneuvrable, sturdy, had long range and could outrun allied fighters at low level. The nightfighter versions were disappointing, because their altitude performance was insufficient to intercept the {B-29}. The P1Y appeared when Japan was already defeated and many were sent on suicide missions. The P1Y was also chosen as carrier for the {MXY7} model 22 suicide aircraft, but this combination did not enter combat. 1098 built. Type: P1Y1 Function: bomber Year: 1945 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1820hp Nakajima Homare 11 Wing Span: 20.00m Length: 15.00m Height: 4.30m Wing Area: 55m2 Empty Weight: 7265kg Max.Weight: 13500kg Speed: 547km/h Ceiling: 9400m Range: 5300km Armament: 2*g20mm 1000kg Type: P1Y2-S Function: nightfighter Year: 1944 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1850hp Mitsubishi Kasei 25 Wing Span: 20.00m Length: 15.00m Height: 4.30m Wing Area: 55.00m2 Empty Weight: 7800kg Max.Weight: 13500kg Speed: 523km/h Ceiling: Range: 3985km Armament: 3*g20mm P-2J, Kawasaki-Lockheed Japan produced this turboprop-engined development of the Lockheed {P-2} Neptune maritime patrol and ASW aircraft. Type: P-2J Function: reconaissance / ASW Year: 1969 Crew: 12 Engines: 2 * 2280kW G.E. T64-IHI-10E 2 * 15.2kN Ishikawajima-Harima J3-IHI-7D Speed: 402km/h Ceiling: 9150m Range: 4450km Armament: 8000lb P-3 Orion, Lockheed The {P-3} is a four-turboprop ASW aircraft of US design, license-built in Japan. Japan also received EP-3C electronic warfare aircraft. PA, Nakajima See {Ki.11}. PE, Nakajima Prototype of the {Ki.27}. PS-1, Shin Meiwa Big four-engined flying boat for ASW tasks. The blown flaps of the PS-1 are supplied with air by a 1044kW T58 engine. There was also a amphibious search-and-rescue version, the {US-1}. 23 PS-1s were delivered; the last one was retired in 1989. Ten US-1s were built. Type: PS-1 Function: reconaissance / ASW Year: 1970 Crew: 9 Engines: 4 * 2282kW G.E.-IHI T64-IHI-10 Speed: 547km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 4744km Armament: Type: US-1 Function: SAR Year: 1975 Crew: 9-12 Engines: 4 * 2282kW T64-IHI-10 Wing Span: 33.15m Length: 33.46m Height: 9.95m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 25500kg Max.Weight: 45000kg Speed: 496km/h Ceiling: 8230m Range: 4207km Load: 69 seats --Q-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q, Nakajima Three-seat biplane dive bomber. No production. 1936. Q1W Tokai, Kyushu 'Lorna' Anti-submarine warfare was one of the weakest points of the Japanese Navy. The losses of transport ships were disastrous, to the extent that the Japanese fleet had the stay at Singapore and use unrefined oil, because it was unpossible to transport it to Japan. The Q1W represented an attempt to built a dedicated ASW aircraft. It was a light twin-engined aircraft, equipped with a primitive MAD and radar and a good forward and downward view. The 153 built suffered heavy losses and achieved nothing. Type: Q1W1 Function: ASW Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 610hp Hitachi GK2C Amakaze 31 Wing Span: 16.00m Length: 12.09m Height: 4.12m Wing Area: 38.20m2 Empty Weight: 3100kg Max.Weight: 5315kg Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: 4490m Range: 3240km Armament: 1-2*mg20mm 1*mg7.7mm 2*b250kg Q2M, Mitsubishi Project for a twin-engined anti-submarine warfare aircraft. Not built. Q3W Nankai, Kyushu ASW development of the {K11W}. One built. 1945. --R-------------------------------------------------------------------------- R1Y Seiun, Yokosuka Experimental reconnaissance aircraft. R2Y Keiun, Yokosuka Fast land-based reconnaissance aircraft with two coupled 1700hp Atsuta 30 engines, driving three-bladed contrarotaing propellors. The prototype was destroyed by bombardment after its first flight. The proposed R2Y2 version, powered by two jet engines, was never built. Type: R2Y1 Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 3400hp Aichi Ha-70 Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 13.05m Height: 4.24m Wing Area: 34.0m2 Empty Weight: 6015kg Max.Weight: 9400kg Speed: 718km/h at 10000m Ceiling: 11700m Range: 3600km Ro-Ko, Yokosuka See {Yokosho}. RZ, Nakajima Dive bomber. No production. --S-------------------------------------------------------------------------- S1A Denko, Aichi Advanced nightfighter, the last known Aichi design. Two were built, but none was flown. Type: S1A1 Function: night fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1385kW Nakajima Homare NK9K-S Wing Span: 17.50m Length: 15.10m Height: 4.61m Wing Area: 47.0m2 Empty Weight: 7320kg Max.Weight: 11510kg Speed: 589km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 2540km Armament: 4*g30mm 2*g20mm 490kg Salmson 2A2 This was Kawasaki's first aircraft, a French reconaissance biplane. It built 300 2A2's for the Army. Seishiki 1 Two-seat biplane, 100hp Daimler engine. Seishiki 2 100hp Daimler engine, max. speed 85mph. Sjinryu Suicide aircraft, a glider, equipped with rockets for take-off. Not built. Soga Two-seat biplane, 90hp Austro-Daimler engine. SS-1, Tachikawa Development of the {LO} with a pressure cabin. 795kW Mitsubushi Ha-102 engines. One built. SS-2, Shin Meiwa Factory designation of the {PS-1} and {US-1}. --T-------------------------------------------------------------------------- T-1 Jayhawk, Beech The T-1 is a trainer version of the Beechjet 400 business aircraft, developed for the USAF. The JASDF also selected it. T-1, Fuji Swept-wing jet trainer, very similar the the {F-86} Sabre. About 60 were built, that replaced the {T-6} Texan in the Japanese air force. Type: T-1A (T1F2) Function: trainer Year: 1958 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1814kg Bristol Siddeley Orpheus 805 Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 12.12m Height: 4.08m Wing Area: 22.22m2 Empty Weight: 2420kg Max.Weight: 4150kg Speed: 926km/h Ceiling: 14630m Range: 1950km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 680kg T1F, Fuiji See {T-1}. T-2, Mitsubishi Fast jet trainer. Supersonic trainers are a rare breed. The T-2 is similar in layout to the British/French {Jaguar} attack aircraft: short span wings with moderate sweep, retangular side intakes, and a strongly anhedralled tailplane. 96 built. The {F-1} attack aircraft was developed from the T-2. Type: T-2 Function: trainer Year: 1975 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 20.95kN Ishikawajima-Harima TF40-IHI-801A Wing Span: 7.88m Length: 17.85m Height: 4.39m Wing Area: 21.17m2 Empty Weight: 6307kg Max.Weight: 12900kg Speed: M1.6 Ceiling: 15240m Range: 2590km Armament: 1*g20mm 907kg T-3, Fuji See {KM-2}. T-4, Kawasaki Twin-engined, shoulder-wing jet trainer that is replacing the {T-33} and Fuji {T-1}. Type: T-4 Function: trainer Year: 1988 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 16.28kN Ishikawajima-Harima F3-IHI-30 Wing Span: 9.90m Length: 13.00m Height: 4.60m Wing Area: 21m2 Empty Weight: 3700kg Max.Weight: 5500kg Speed: 1038km/h Ceiling: 15239m Range: 1668km T-5, Fuji Improved {T-3} with an Allison 250-B17D turboprop engine. T-33, Lockheed The {T-33} jet trainer was used in large numbers by the JASDF. The last T-33 unit was disbanded in 1990, but the aircraft remained in service. Kawasaki built 210. Tachikawa Type: Tachikawa Function: ambulance Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 95kW Cirrus Hermes IV Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: Load: 2 stretchers, 1 seat Taka, Mitsubishi 1MF9 See {1MF9}. Tellier Biplane flying boat. 200hp engine. TK-3, Kokusai See {Ki.59}. TL-1, Fuji Version of the {KM-2} / {T-3} for the Japanese land forces. Two delivered. --U-------------------------------------------------------------------------- U-1, Caspar-Heinkel The U-1 was built in Germany during 1922, despite the clause in the treaty of Versailles forbidden the development of military aircraft. It had been ordered by the USA. It was a small, wooden, twin-float biplane for submarines. Two were built for the USA and at least two (possibly four) for Japan. Type: U-1 Function: reconaisssance Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 60hp Siemens Wing Span: 7.22m Length: 6.20m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 360kg Max.Weight: 510kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 2hrs U-4, Gulfstream Designation given to a utility version of the Gulfstream IV business jet. Delivered in 1997. U-36, Learjet / Shin Meiwa Combat trainer version of the Learjet 36A business jet. Entered service in 1987; acquisition of six was planned. U-125, British Aerospace / Raytheon Maritime search-and-rescue version of the {BAe.125}. They carry a search radar, a thermal imager, life rafts and flares. UF-XS A much-modified Grumman H{U-16} Albatross flying boat, with four engines in the wing leading edge and two to deliver compressed air, a T-tail and a lengthened fuselage. Research aircraft for the {PS-1} programme. US-1 Shin Meiwa See {PS-1}. --V-------------------------------------------------------------------------- V-11GB, Vultee 'Millie' It has been reported that before the war Japan bought a licence to build the Vultee V-11 single-engined light bomber, but it never did so. --W-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --X-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --Y-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Y3B, Nakajima Torpedo bomber. The upper wing was gulled and the lower one was an inverted gull wing. Yi-Ko, Yokosuka Floatplane trainer. 70 built. YM, Nakajima See {A4N}. Yokosho, Yokosuka The first indigenous Japanese design. 218 built. Type: Yokosho Function: Year: 1917 Crew: Engines: 1 * 200hp Hispano-Suiza Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: YS-11, NAMC Twin-turboprop transport, Japan's first post-war commercial aircraft. It achieved only limited success. A number are in military service in Japan as VIP transports, transport, trainers, and electronic warfare aircraft. The air force of Greece also used the YS-11. Total production was 182. Type: YS-11 Sr 300 Function: transport Year: 1964 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2250kW R.R. Dart Mk.542-10k Wing Span: 32.00m Length: 26.30m Height: 8.98m Wing Area: 94.84m2 Empty Weight: 15350kg Max.Weight: 24500kg Speed: 472km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1140km Load: 6650kg, 60 seats --Z-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================================================================