------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version of 4 July 1997 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --0--------------------------------------------------------------------------- --A--------------------------------------------------------------------------- A.1 Balilla, Ansaldo The Ballila was a smaller development of the {S.V.A.} series. It went back to the original concept of a fast fighter. But with the same engine the A.1 was both slower and less maneuvrable than the S.V.A.! 75 of the 166 built were sold to Poland, which built 50 more. The Balilla was used in the war between Poland and the USSR in 1920. Type: A.1 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160kW S.P.A. 6A Wing Span: 7.68m Length: 6.50m Height: 2.85m Wing Area: 21.00m2 Empty Weight: 640kg Max.Weight: 885kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg7.7mm A 3, Breda Four-engined biplane bomber. A 4, Breda Biplane trainer, a very popular aircraft. Type: A 4 Function: trainer Year: 1924 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 130hp Colombo 110D Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: A 7, Breda Two-seat parasol-wing reconnaissance aircraft. A 8, Breda Twin-engined biplane bomber. A 9, Breda Acrobatic trainer. 36 built. A 106, Agusta The A 106 was a small single-seat ASW helicopter. Few were built. Type: A 106 Function: attack Year: 1966 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 240kW Turbomeca-Agusta Speed: 177km/h Ceiling: Range: 740km Armament: 2000kg A 109, Agusta Multi-purpose helicopter. The first A 109 flew in 1971. Production still continues. There ware known military tactical transport and anti-tank versions, as well as commercial models. Type: A 109 Mk.I Function: utility Year: 1976 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 2 * 258kW Allison 250-C20B Speed: 278km/h Ceiling: 4970m Range: 615km Load: 7 seats Armament: A 115, Ansaldo Reconnaissance aircraft. A 119, Agusta Planned 11-seat development of the {A 109}. Not built. A 120 Ady, Ansaldo Reconnaissance aircraft. The A 120 was built after Ansaldo had been bought by Fiat. Type: A 120 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1927 Crew: Engines: 1 * 700hp Fiat A.24 Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: A 129 Mangusta, Agusta Anti-tank helicopter, a relatively small aircraft with a hump-backed appearance due to the strongly staggered tandem cockpits. Type: A 129 Function: attack Year: 1990 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 615kW R.R. Gem 2 Mk 1004D Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: Range: 670km Armament: 1200kg A 300, Ansaldo This was a mulit-role biplane, used as bomber, reconnaissance aircraft, transport and even fighter. The design dated back to WWI, but the A 300 was kept in production until 1928 and some were still in service in 1940. Large numbers were built for the expanding air force of the fascist government. Type: A 300/4 Function: utility Year: 1922 Crew: Engines: 1 * 300hp Fiat A.12bis Speed: 198km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.7mm AB 204, Agusta-Bell License-built version of the U.S. Bell 204 helicopter. AB 205, Agusta-Bell License-built version of the U.S. Bell 205 helicopter. AB 206, Agusta-Bell License-built version of the U.S. Bell 206 helicopter. AB 212, Agusta-Bell License-built version of the U.S. Bell 212 helicopter. AB 412, Agusta-Bell License-built version of the U.S. Bell 412 helicopter. AC 1, Ansaldo License-built version of the French Dewoitine {D.1} parasol-wing monoplane fighter. AC 2, Ansaldo Development of the {AC 1}, slightly smaller. 112 built. Type: AC 2 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS 42-8 Wing Span: 10.88m Length: 7.38m Height: 2.79m Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 829kg Max.Weight: 1144kg Speed: 242km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.6hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm AC 3, Ansaldo Parasol monoplane, a license-built French Dewoitine {D.9}. The AC 3 was used mainly as attack aircraft. One set a 11861m altitude record in 1936. 150 built. Type: AC 3 Function: attack Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter IV Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 7.28m Height: 2.93m Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 959kg Max.Weight: 1352kg Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.8hrs Armament: 4*mg7.62mm AC 4, Ansaldo Development of the {AC 2} with a Fiat engine. One built. Type: AC 4 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 410hp Fiat A.20 Wing Span: 10.88m Length: 7.38m Height: 2.79m Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 1010kg Max.Weight: 1306kg Speed: 253km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.3hrs Armament: Adamoli-Cattani Biplane fighter, designed around a 200hp Le Rhone rotary engine. The engine did not deliver the expected power, and the aircraft was abandoned. One built. Type: Adamoli-Cattani Function: fighter Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 160hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 8.60m Length: 6.10m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 470kg Max.Weight: 675kg Speed: (300km/h) Ceiling: Range: (2.25hrs) Armament: 2*mg7.7mm AM-3, Aerfer-Aermacchi High-wing cabin monoplane for the battlefield surveillance and FAC role. Used by the South African Airforce under the name of 'Bosbok'. Type: AM-3C Function: utility Year: 1970 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 250kW Piaggio LGSO 480 B1B6 Speed: 278km/h Ceiling: 8400m Range: 990km Load: 3 seats Ambrosini 404 Four-engined long-range bomber design. The engines of the 404 were to be housed in the fuselage, driving tandem propellors in circular ducts flanking the fuselage. Not built. AMX, Aeritalia-Embraer-Aermacchi This is a light attack aircraft, jointly developed in Italy and Brazil. The AMX has a small shoulder-mounted swept wing, optimized for flight at low altitude, and fly-by-wire controls. It is a small and agile aircraft. Italian aircraft have a single 20mm M61 cannon, and Brazilian aircraft two 30mm DEFA cannon. A two-seat electronic warfare version is under development. Type: AMX Function: attack Year: 1988 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 5000kg R.R. RB168 Spey 807 Speed: M0.86 Ceiling: 13000m Range: 3150km Armament: 1*g20mm 3800kg AP 1, Caproni Attack monoplane. See also {Ca.301}. A.R.F., Fiat Long-distance version of the {B.R.}. Ariete, Aerfer Development of the {Sagittario}. The Ariete had a light additional jet engine in the tail, the main engine remaining in the front fuselage, with an auxiliary dorsal intake. One built. Type: Ariete Function: fighter Year: 1958 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1633kg R.R. Derwent 9 1 * 820kg R.R. Soar RSr 2 Wing Span: 7.50m Length: 9.60m Height: Wing Area: 14.50m2 Empty Weight: 2400kg Max.Weight: 3535kg Speed: 1080km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm AS-14, Fiat Attack aircraft, a development of the {RS-14}. One built. Armament was to be impressive: one 45mm cannon, seven 12.7mm guns and two 7.7mm guns. Atlantic, Dassault-Breguet The {Atlantic} is a French twin-engined ASW aircraft. 16 are in Italian service. A.U.T.18 All-metal, stressed-skin, low-wing monoplane fighter. The A.U.T.18 was a good-looking fighter, but it did not offer any significant advantages over the {G.50} and {MC.200.} One built. Type: 18 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1030hp Fiat A.80 R.C.41 Wing Span: 11.50m Length: 8.56m Height: 2.88m Wing Area: 18.70m2 Empty Weight: 2320kg Max.Weight: 2975kg Speed: 480km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm Avanti, Piaggio P.180 Twin-pusher, canarded exceutive aircraft. The AMI ordered a few to be used as VIP transport and liaison aicraft. --B-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ba.15, Breda High-wing cabin monoplane, 1928. Used as trainer and liaison aircraft. Max speed 180km/h. Ba.16, Breda High-wing reconnaissance aircraft. Ba.19, Breda Single-seat advanced training biplane. Around 40 built. Type: Ba.19 Function: trainer Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Alfa Romeo Lynx Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ba.25, Breda Basic trainer, built in large numbers for the Italian military and export. Type: Ba.25 Function: trainer Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Walter Castor Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ba.26, Breda Development of the {Ba.25}. Prototype only. Ba.27, Breda Low-wing fighter monoplane, with struts and bracing wires, an open cockpit and fixed landing gear. The original mixed construction version was unsatisfactory. It was completely redesigned with an all-metal construction. It was still rejected by the Italian air force, but 11 were built for China. Type: Ba.27 Metallico Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Alfa Romeo Mercury IVA Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 7.67m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 18.85m2 Empty Weight: 1320kg Max.Weight: 1850kg Speed: 380km/h Ceiling: Range: 750km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Ba.28, Breda Development of the {Ba.25}. Type: Function: Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 370hp Piaggio Stella VII Z Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ba.44, Breda Biplane transport, inspired by the de Havilland {Dragon Rapide}. Pressed into military service in 1940. Seven built. Ba.46, Breda Three-engined bomber monoplane. Ba.64, Breda Lown-wing attack monoplane. The Ba.64 was built in single-seat and two-seat versions, but its performance was insufficient, and it was very vulnerable to enemy fighters. Type: Ba.64 Function: attack Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 610hp Piaggio Stella IX Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ba.65, Breda Ground attack aircraft, development of the {Ba 64}. The Ba 65 was an ugly low-wing monoplane, intended as multi-role aircraft, but only suitable as attack aircraft. It fought in the Spanish civil war and WWII. In the latter war the Ba 65 was very vulnerable to fighters. There were single-seat and two-seat versions. 219 built. Type: Ba.65 Function: attack Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1000hp Fiat A.80 RC 41 Wing Span: 12.10m Length: 9.30m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 23.50m2 Empty Weight: 2400kg Max.Weight: 2950kg Speed: 430km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 550km Armament: 1000kg 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm Ba.75, Breda Attack and reconnaissance monoplane with fixed landing gear, powered by a 200hp Alfa Romeo 115 engine. Only prototypes were built. 1935. Ba.82, Breda Twin-engined bomber, 1937. No production. Ba.88 Lince, Breda Twin-engined heavy fighter and ground attack aircraft. The refined high-speed version of the Ba.88 prototype set some records, but the production Ba.88 was a disappointing aircraft. The 148 built were briefly used in North Africa before they were retired. Type: Ba.88 Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI RC 40 Wing Span: 15.60m Length: 10.79m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 33.34m2 Empty Weight: 4650kg Max.Weight: 6750kg Speed: 490km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 1640km Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.7mm 1000kg Ba.201, Breda Single-seat dive bomber. The Ba.201 was a clean low-wing monoplane with an inverted gull wing. It was highly praised by test pilots, except for a disappointing maximum speed. But all available Daimler-Benz DB 601 engines were to be used for fighters, and the Ba.201 was abandoned. Two built. Type: Ba.201 Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1175hp Daimler-Benz DB 601A Wing Span: 13.00m Length: 11.09m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 24.84m2 Empty Weight: 2380kg Max. Weight: 3650kg Speed: 460km/h Ceiling: Range: 1200km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm Breda with 350rpg, one 500kg bomb Ba.202, Breda Attack aircraft. Never built. B.G.A, CMASA Twin-engined bomber monoplane. No production. Boeing 707 Four Boeings 707, converted to aerial tankers are in Italian service. B.R., Fiat This was the first bomber designed by Rosatelli for Fiat. The B.R. was a large biplane. A small number was built. Type: B.R. Function: bomber Year: 1919 Crew: Engines: 1 * A.14 Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: B.R.1, Fiat Development of the {B.R.}. 150 were built for the Regia Aeronautica. The B.R.1 had some stability problems. Type: B.R.1 Function: bomber Year: 1924 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 700hp Fiat A-14 Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: B.R.2, Fiat Light bomber, a development of the {B.R.1}. Type: B.R.2 Function: bomber Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1090hp Fiat 25 Wing Span: 17.30m Length: 10.66m Height: 3.91m Wing Area: 70.22m2 Empty Weight: 1646kg Max.Weight: 4195kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 6250m Range: 1000km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 720kg B.R.3, Fiat Improved {B.R.2}. About 100 built. B.R.4, Fiat Light bomber, improved {B.R.3}. One built. B.R.20 Cicogna, Fiat The B.R.20 was a very advanced airdraft when it appeared in 1936. It was a low-wing monoplane with twin tail fins. The B.R.20 was used in the Spanish civil war, and 85 were sold to Japan. In WWII service the old aircraft did not so well, and those that joined German operations in the Battle of Britain and against the USSR suffered heavy losses. Type: B.R.20 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 746kW Fiat A.80 RC41 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 6400kg Max.Weight: 9900kg Speed: 432km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 3000km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm 1600kg B.R. G, Fiat Experimental parasol-winged bomber. B.Z.308, Breda The B.Z.308 was an excellent design for a civil airliner, but as a consequence of the war it did not fly before 1948. It was too late to put the 308 in production. Breda ceased to exist, and the single aircraft built was sold to the air force. Type: B.Z.308 Function: transport Year: 1948 Crew: 3-4 Engines: 4 * 2500hp Bristol Centaurus 568 Speed: 441km/h Ceiling: 7350m Range: 7700km Load: 80 seats --C-------------------------------------------------------------------------- C.200 Saetta, Macchi See {MC.200}. Ca.3, Caproni This was a bomber biplane with three engines: two tractor engines in the front of the twin tail, booms, and one pusher engine in the back of the central nacelle. The Ca.3s were very effective in their attacks on Austria. The type was license-built in France. Type: Ca.3 Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 4 Engines: 3 * 110kW Isotta-Fraschini V-4B Speed: 137km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 200kg Ca.4, Caproni The Ca.4 used the engine layout -- two tractors and one pusher -- of the {Ca.3}, but it was a triplane, had much better streamlining, and carried its bombs on a rack on the lower wing. (The nacelle was on the upper wing). But the low climbing speed and bulk of the aircraft made it unpopular. 53 built. Type: Ca.4 Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: 4 Engines: 3 * 190kW Isotta-Fraschini Speed: 126km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 7h Armament: 4*mg 1450kg Ca.5, Caproni This was a development of the {Ca.3} with increased wing surface and a new central nacelle, elliptical in cross-section. The Ca.5 was selected to be built in the USA and France, and 3650 were ordered in Italy. The performance of the Ca.5 was not that much better than that of the Ca.3 and the engines were unreliable. Large orders were cancelled when WWI ended, but production continued until 1921. Over 640 were built. Type: Ca.5 Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: 3 Engines: 3 * Fiat A.12 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ca.18, Caproni This was a two-seat shoulder-wing monoplane. When Italy entered the war in 1914 it had a complete squadron of Caproni's. The name Ca.18 was applied retrospectively in the late 20's; until then there was no clear designation system. Type: Caproni Function: reconnaissance Year: 1913 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ca.24, Caproni Development of the {Ca.18} with a 35hp engine. Ca.25, Caproni Development of the {Ca.18}. Ca.31, Caproni Post-war designation of the {Ca.1}. Ca.33, Caproni Post-war designation of the {Ca.3}. Ca.36, Caproni This was a refined version of the {Ca.3}. From 1923 onwards 153 were built for the rearmament program of the Mussolini government. The last was retired in 1927. Also known as the Ca.3mod. The Ca.36S was an ambulance version with an enlarged central nacelle. Ca.41, Caproni This was a version of the {Ca.4} for the British RNAS, with four Liberty engines. Six were built. Ca.43, Caproni Triplane seaplane. Ca.44, Caproni Post-war designation of the {Ca.5}. Ca.47, Caproni Seaplane version of the {Ca.5}. Ca.51, Caproni Development of the {Ca.4}. No production. Ca.53, Caproni Single-engined two-seat triplane, intended as fighter, reconnaissance aircraft and light bomber. 1917. No production. Ca.61, Caproni Development of the {Ca.3} / {Ca.5} line. Type: Ca.61 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 3 * 230hp Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ca.64, Caproni This was a, all-metal single-seat low-wing monoplane, flown in 1924. It was Caproni's idea for a new fighter. The Ca.64 may have been too advanced in concept. It did not enter production. Ca.66, Caproni Biplane bomber with four engines in a push/pull tandem installation. No prodduction. Type: Ca.66 Function: bomber Year: 1923 Crew: Engines: 4 * 200hp SPA Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg Ca.67, Caproni Development of the {Ca.66} with a shorter upper wing and two 400hp Lorraine engines. No production. Ca.70, Caproni Small two-seat sesquiplane, intended as nightfighter. The configuration of the Ca.70 was similar to that of a biplane flying boat: The lower wing was attached to the top fuselage, and the engine was placed on the leading edge of the upper wing. Only one built. Type: Ca.70 Function: nightfighter Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 420hp Bristol Jupiter Wing Span: 15.00m Length: 9.55m Height: 3.78m Wing Area: 55.00m2 Empty Weight: 1230kg Max.Weight: 1680kg Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.0hrs Armament: 3*mg7.7mm Ca.71, Caproni Derivative of the {Ca.70}, initially known as Ca.70L. It was powered by a 400hp Lorraine-Dietrich engine. Performance was inferior. Ca.73, Caproni Sesquiplane night bomber -- in contrast with most sesquiplanes the upper wing was the shortest one, and both wings were above the fuselage. In service from 1926 to 1934. Type: Ca.73 Function: bomber Year: 1926 Crew: Engines: 2 * 410hp Lorraine Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.7mm Ca.74, Caproni Single-seat fighter. A 400hp Jupiter engine was installed on the leading edge of the upper wing. No production. Ca.79, Caproni Development of the {Ca.73} with a longer wing span and four engines. No production. Type: Ca.79 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * 500hp Isotta-Fraschini Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ca.80, Caproni A development of the {Ca.73} with 400hp Jupiter engines. The Italian air force simply called all developments also Ca.73. Ca.82, Caproni Also known as Ca.73ter, a development of the {Ca.73} with 510hp Isotta-Fraschini engines. Ca.88, Caproni A development of the {Ca.73}. The Italian air force simply called all developments also Ca.73. Ca.89, Caproni A development of the {Ca.73}. The Italian air force simply called all developments also Ca.73. The Ca.89 was known as the Ca.73 quater G. Ca.90, Caproni This big bomber was a enlarged {Ca.73}. It set a few records, especially load-carrying records, but never entered service. Type: Ca.90 Function: bomber Year: 1929 Crew: 8 Engines: 6 * 740kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso Speed: 204km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 1290km Armament: 7*mg 8000kg Ca.91, Caproni Flying boat derivative of the {Ca.90}. It was a sesquiplane with a shorter upper wing, a sleek fuselage, both sponsons and wingtip floats, and three tandem engine nacelles between the wings. One of the gunners sat in the extreme nose, the other one on top of the wing. The pilots had separate cockpits. Type: Ca.91 Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: 4 Engines: 6 * 1000hp Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ca.95, Caproni High-wing bomber. Type: Ca.95 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 3 * 1000hp Isotta-Fraschini Asso Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: 3000km Armament: Ca.97, Caproni The Ca.97 was the first of a new generation of Caproni aircraft, high-wing designs built of steel tube and cloth. The first Ca.97 was a civil transport, but most built were 'colonial' aircraft. Some were also sold to the clandestine Hungarian airforce. Type: Ca.97 Co (?) Function: reconaissace Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 450hp Bristol Jupiter Speed: 218km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ca.100, Caproni A sesquiplane trainer with a shorter upper wing, broadly based on the de Havilland DH.60 {Moth}. About 700 built. Type: Ca.100 Function: trainer / liaison Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 63kW de Havilland Gipsy Wing Span: 10.0m Length: 7.30m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 24.40m2 Empty Weight: 400kg Max.Weight: 680kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 700km Armament: Ca.101, Caproni This light bomber for 'colonial' warfare was used in the invasion of Ethiopia. It was a larger development of the {Ca.97}. Type: Ca.101 Function: bomber Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 3 * 175kW Alfa Romeo D.2 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 2000km Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm 500kg Ca.102, Caproni Development of the {Ca.101}. The Ca.102bis had two 650hp Isotta-Fraschini engines; 34 were delivered to the Regia Aeronautica. Ca.103, Caproni Development of the {Ca.73} with some aerodynamic refinements. No production. Ca.111, Caproni Single-engined development of the {Ca.101}, used mainly as utility transport. Some had float landing gear. 149 built. Type: Ca.111 RC Function: reconnaissance Year: 1935 Crew: 2-4 Engines: 1 * 700kW Isotta Fraschini Asso 750 RC 35 Wing Span: 19.65m Length: 15.30m Height: Wing Area: 61.5m2 Empty Weight: 3490kg Max.Weight: 5490kg Speed: 298km/h Ceiling: 6700m Range: 2000km Armament: 4*mg 600kg Ca.112, Caproni Development of the {Ca.111}. Ca.113, Caproni The Ca.113 biplane was a famous acrobatic aircraft. Modified Ca.113s set altitude records of 14433m and later 15650m. Type: Ca.113 Function: trainer / utility Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 235kW Piaggio P.VII C35 Stella Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 7300m Range: 300km Armament: Ca.114, Caproni Fighter development of the {Ca.113}. The Regia Aeronautica preferred the Fiat {CR.32}, and the Ca.114 was only built for export to Peru. The latter used it in combat during 1941, in its war with Ecuador. 36 built. Type: Ca.114 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 1 * 375kW Bristol Mercury IV Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 7.68m Height: 2.54m Wing Area: 25.68m2 Empty Weight: 1310kg Max.Weight: 1656kg Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 96kg Ca.120, Caproni Experimental bomber with three 750hp Isotta Fraschini engines. Ca.122, Caproni Low-wing monoplane bomber and transport with fiexed landing gear. Twin-engined. Ca.124, Caproni Low-wing floatplane bomber, one Isotta Fraschini 12R engine. Ca.127, Caproni Reconnaissance aircraft. 750hp Isotta Fraschini engine. Ca.131, Caproni Precursor of the . Ca.132, Caproni Three-engined low-wing bomber and transport. 1934. Ca.133, Caproni This was an high-wing STOL monoplane with fixed landing gear, a typical 'colonial' multi-role design. The reliable and versatile Ca.133 was useful as a transport during WWII. It was obsolete in the bomber role, and was easy meat for allied fighters. 525 built. Type: Ca.133 Function: bomber / transport Year: 1935 Crew: 3 Engines: 3 * 340kW Piaggio Stella P.VII C16 Wing Span: 21.5m Length: 15.35m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 65m2 Empty Weight: 4000kg Max.Weight: 6565kg Speed: 280km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 1350km Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 2*b500kg Ca.135, Caproni Only 14 of this twin-engined bomber were used by the Italian airforces, but it was exported to Peru and Hungary. The Ca.135 was a mid-wing aircraft of mixed construction. About 100 Hungarian Ca.135s fought on the Eastern Front. About 150 built. Type: Ca.135 P.XI Function: bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 740kW Piaggio P.XIbis RC40 Wing Span: 18.80m Length: 14.40m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 60m2 Empty Weight: 605kg Max.Weight: 9550kg Speed: 440km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 2000km Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 1600kg Ca.142, Caproni Development of the {Ca.133}, with retractable landing gear. One built. Ca.148, Caproni Paratroop transport development of the {Ca.133}, with improvements for operations from primitive airfields. Six built. Ca.161, Caproni This biplane set an altitude record of 17083m. Type: Ca.161bis Function: experimental Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 515kW Speed: Ceiling: 13500m Range: Armament: Ca.163, Caproni Prototype of the {Ca.164}. One built. Ca.164, Caproni Two-seat trainer sesquiplane with shorter upper wing. About 380 were built, including 100 for France. Type: Ca.164 Function: trainer/liaison Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 135kW Alfa Romeo 115-I Speed: 217km/h Ceiling: 4250m Range: 530km Armament: Ca.165, Caproni Biplane fighter. The Ca.165 was of mixed construction, and was aerodynamically very clean. In 1938 the day of the biplane was already over, but the Regia Aeroanautice nevertheless considered to order this aircraft. It was decided not to pursue this because of the high cost. One built. Type: Ca.165 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 900hp Isotta-Fraschini L121 RC40 Wing Span: 9.30m Length: 8.10m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 21.40m2 Empty Weight: 1855kg Max.Weight: 2425kg Speed: 466km/h Ceiling: Range: 672km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm Ca.204, Caproni Design for a long-range bomber. Four-engined. Ca.211, Caproni Design for a long-range bomber. Three-engined. Ca.301, Caproni-Bergamasca Also known as A.P.1, the Ca.301 was designed to serve both as a fighter and an attack aircraft. It was a low-wing monoplane with a fixed, trousered undercarriage, of mixed construction. Performance was insuficcient for the fighter role, and the production A.P.1 was a dedicated two-seat attack aircraft. Type: Ca.301 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 610hp Piaggio P.IX RC.40 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 8.96m Height: 2.82m Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: 1680kg Max.Weight: 2330kg Speed: 346km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Ca.309 Ghibli, Caproni Small twin-engined reconnaissance bomber. The Ca.309 was a low-wing monoplane of mixed construction and with fixed landing gear. 243 were built. Type: Ca.309 Function: reconnaissance bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 195hp Alfa Romeo 115 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg 300kg Ca.310 Libeccio, Caproni More powerful development of the {Ca.309}, with retractable landing gear. The Ca.310 was not considered an effective combat aircraft, and most had second-line tasks. A number were exported. Type: Ca.310 Function: reconnaissance bomber Year: 1937 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 470hp Piaggio P.VII C.16 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 400kg Ca.311, Caproni Development of the {Ca.310} as reconnaissance aircraft, replacing the {Ro.37}. Type: Ca.311 Function: reconnaissance bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 470hp Piaggio P.VII RC 35 Speed: 365km/h Ceiling: 7400m Range: 1600km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 400kg Ca.312, Caproni Development of the {Ca.310} with 700hp Piaggio P.XVI RC35 engines. Few built. Ca.313, Caproni Development of the {Ca.310} / {Ca.311} with more powerful engines. The Ca.313 was built both with a stepped nose and with a fully glazed nose. Some were sold to Sweden; it was also used by the Luftwaffe. 215 built. Type: Ca.313 Function: reconnaissance bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 700hp Isotta Fraschini Delta RC 35 Speed: 463km/h Ceiling: 7300m Range: 1200km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 400kg Ca.314, Caproni Improved {Ca.313}. 425 were built. The German Luftwaffe ordered 1000 Ca.313s, what can be considered major praise. Type: Ca.314A Function: reconnaissance bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 540kW Isotta-Fraschini Delta RC35 Wing Span: 16.65m Length: 11.80m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 39.20m2 Empty Weight: 4560kg Max.Weight: 6620kg Speed: 395km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 1690km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.7mm 500kg Ca.316, Caproni Catapult reconnaissance seaplane version of the {Ca.309} series. 14 built. Type: Ca.316 Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 470hp Piaggio P.VII C.16 Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 1*mg12.7mm 400kg Ca.331, Caproni The Ca.331 was originally designed as reconnaissance aircraft, but the second prototype was completed as nightfighter. It had a gull wing, twin tailfins, and two air-cooled V-12 engines. Construction was all-metal, with a stressed skin. Only two were built. Type: Ca.331 C.N. Function: nightfighter Year: 1942 Crew: Engines: 2 * 850hp Isotta-Fraschini Delta IV Wing Span: 16.40m Length: 11.74m Height: 3.48m Wing Area: 38.40m2 Empty Weight: 4600kg Max.Weight: 6800kg Speed: 505km/h Ceiling: Range: 1815km Armament: 4*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm Ca.335, Caproni-SABCA This was a cooperation between the Italian Caproni and the Belgian SABCA. A single-engined, two-seat low-wing monoplane, flown in 1938. The Ca.335 was intended as dive bomber, but was never seriuously considered by the Italian AF. Ca.355, Caproni Dive-bomber design. Ca.405 Procellaria, Caproni Development of the Piaggio/Regianne {P.32} bomber. The Ca.405 was intended for the Istres-Damascus-Paris air race, but was not ready in time. Caproni III Long-range reconnaissance seaplane, a monoplane of mixed construction powered by a 880hp Isotta-Fraschini engine. CANT 6 Three-engined biplane flying boat. One of the three built was used by the military. 1923. CANT 10 One CANT 10MRI, a military version of the civil CANT 10, was built. The CANT 10 was a single-engined flying boat. CANT 25 Biplane flying boat fighter. Some were still in service during WWII, as trainers. Type: 25 AR Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420hp Fiat A 120 Wing Span: 10.40m Length: 8.75m Height: 3.12m Wing Area: 30.90m2 Empty Weight: 1276kg Max.Weight: 1706kg Speed: 245km/h Ceiling: Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg Caproni 80hp monoplane See {Ca.18}. Caproni 260hp bomber This was a bomber design, built and flown in October 1914. It was a biplane with twin tail booms, with a pusher engine in the central nacelle and a tractor engine in each tail boom. The tail carried triple fins. One built. Type: 260hp bomber Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome 2 * 80hp Gnome Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Caproni 300hp bomber Production development of the 260hp bomber. 153 were built, all except two with three 100hp Fiat A 10 engines, between October 1915 and October 1916. Type: 300hp bomber Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 3 Engines: 3 * 100hp Fiat A 10 Speed: 121km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Caproni 350hp bomber. Development of the 300hp bomber with the central engine replaced by a 150hp Isotta-Fraschini. Nine built. Caproni 450hp bomber See {Ca.3}. C.C.20, Breda Three-engined bomber monoplane. Prototype only. CH.1, Caproni / Chiodi Fast biplane fighter, a streamlined aircraft with an enclosed cockpit. The development was halted after the loss of the first prototype, despite the excellent performance. Type: CH.1 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 560hp Piaggio P.IX RC.40 Wing Span: 8.60m Length: 7.19m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 19.00m2 Empty Weight: 1400kg Max.Weight: 2000kg Speed: 377km/h Ceiling: Range: 1000km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm CR., Fiat First fighter designed by Rosatelli for Fiat, prototype of the {CR.1}. 1923. Two built. CR.1, Fiat Development of the {CR}. The CR.1 was a small 'inverted sesquiplane' with mediocre performance, but 249 were built for the air force. Type: C.R.1 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 320hp Isotta-Fraschini Asso Wing Span: 8.95m Length: 6.16m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 23m2 Empty Weight: 839kg Max.Weight: 1154kg Speed: 272km/h Ceiling: 7450m Range: 650km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm CR.5, Fiat Development of the {CR.1}. Two were built, one with a Jupiter radial engine, and one with a liquid-cooled Fiat A 20. With the latter engine performance was much improved, but development was abandoned in favour of the all-metal {CR.20}. Type: CR.5 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 410hp Fiat A 20 Wing Span: 8.95m Length: 6.16m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 23m2 Empty Weight: 870kg Max.Weight: 1185kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.25hrs Armament: CR.10, Fiat Designation also used for the second {CR.5}, a development of the {CR.1} with a 400hp Fiat A.20 engine. CR.20, Fiat Single-engined biplane fighter, of all-metal construction. In contrast to earlier CR fighters, the upper wing was the longer one. The Warren bracing of the biplane wings was a charactistic that would be inherited by all Rosatellis subsequent designs. The CR.20 was known for its excellent aerobatic qualities. 541 built for the Regia Aeronautica, plus about 70 for export. There was also a floatplane version, of which 17 were built. Type: C.R.20bis Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 306kW Fiat A.20 Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 6.71m Height: 2.79m Wing Area: 25.50m2 Empty Weight: 970kg Max.Weight: 1400kg Speed: 276km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.0hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm CR.25, Fiat This twin-engined escort fighter had the size of a small bomber. It was a clean monoplane of all-metal construction with fabric skinning. Development was abandoned in 1940, after 12 built had been built for the Regia Aeronautica. They were used for reconnaissance and to escort convoys between Sicily and North Africa. Type: C.R.25bis Function: fighter / reconnaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 640kW Fiat A.74 RC38 Wing Span: 16.00m Length: 13.56m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 39.20m2 Empty Weight: 4375kg Max.Weight: 6525kg Speed: 460km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 2100km Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 500kg CR.30, Fiat Fighter biplane, precursor of the {C.R.32}. The C.R.30 equipped twelve squadrons, but was soon followed by the better C.R.32. Many were later converted to C.R.30B trainers. 176 built. Type: C.R.30 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 447kW Fiat A.30 RA Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 7.88m Height: 2.78m Wing Area: 27.05m2 Empty Weight: 1345kg Max.Weight: 1895kg Speed: 351km/h Ceiling: 8350m Range: 850km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm CR.32, Fiat A refinement of the {C.R.30}, smaller and faster. The C.R.32 was an excellent fighter, fast, robust and nimble. It was easily recognizable, with its closely cowled engine, annular radiator beneath the propellor, Warren wing bracing and cockpit well behind the wing. The C.R.32 performed very well in Spain, but this had the drawback that Italy neglected the development of modern fighters. 1309 built, including license production in Spain. In 1940 some 294 were still in front line service. Type: C.R.32 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 440kW Fiat A.30 RA Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 7.45m Height: 2.63m Wing Area: 22.10m2 Empty Weight: 1325kg Max.Weight: 1850kg Speed: 375km/h Ceiling: 8800m Range: 680km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm CR.33, Fiat Fighter, essentially a reengined {CR.32}. The CR.33 was slightly larger. When the problems of the liquid-cooled, supercharged engine had been solved, the Regia Aeronautica had developed a preference for radial engines. Three built. Type: CR.33 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: Engines: 1 * 690hp Fiat A 33 RC35 Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 7.56m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 22.40m2 Empty Weight: 1360kg Max.Weight: 1910kg Speed: 422km/h Ceiling: Range: 700km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm CR.40, Fiat Biplane fighter, developed in parallel with the {CR.33} but unrelated. It was powered by a radial engine. The wing gap was small and almost completely filled by the fuselage; the upper wing was slghtly gulled. The CR.40 was inferior in handling and some performance characteristics to the {CR.32}. Two built. Type: CR.40bis Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Fiat A 59 R Wing Span: 9.30m Length: 6.96m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 20.90m2 Empty Weight: 1200kg Max.Weight: 1700kg Speed: 388km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.8hrs Armament: CR.41, Fiat Larger development of the {CR.40}, powered by a slightly more powerful engine. Development was abandoned in favour of the {CR.42}. Type: CR.41 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 730hp Gnome-Rhone 14Kfs Wing Span: 9.65m Length: 7.42m Height: 2.64m Wing Area: 22.63m2 Empty Weight: 1310kg Max.Weight: 1885kg Speed: 405km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.75hrs Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm CR.42 Falco, Fiat The C.R.42 was one of the best biplane fighters ever built, but this did not compensate for the fact that it was already obsolete before its first flight in 1938. Nevertheless the C.R.42 provided the backbone of the Italian air force in 1940 and was exported to Belgium, Hungary and Sweden. Participation in the Battle of Britain was disastrous, but the production continued well into 1943. Even the German Luftwaffe used 150, as night attack aircraft! Over 1780 built. A single C.R.42B prototype with a 1100hp DB601 engine may have been the fastest biplane fighter ever flown, reaching speeds of 520km/h... Type: C.R.42 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 840hp Fiat A.74 RC38 Wing Span: 9.70m Length: 8.27m Height: 3.59m Wing Area: 22.40m2 Empty Weight: 1782kg Max.Weight: 2295kg Speed: 430km/h Ceiling: 10200m Range: 775km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 200kg --D-------------------------------------------------------------------------- D.16, Fokker Dutch biplane fighter that appeared in 1929. Italy bought one of the 21 built. Do 228, Dornier High-wing German light turboprop transport. The Army bought some as light transports and photographical aircraft. --E-------------------------------------------------------------------------- EH 101, EH Industries Three-engined multi-role helicopter, a British/Italian project. The Italian Navy planned to buy 42, but this has now been reduced to 16. The EH 101 replaces the {Sea King}. Type: EH 101 Function: ASW/utility helicopter Year: 1996 Crew: 4 Engines: 3 * 1278kW G.E. T700-GE-401A Speed: 296km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Eurofighter 2000 The European Fighter Aircraft, a medium-sized multi-role fighter to replace the {F-4} Phantom and the last {F-104} Starfighters. It is of canarded delta configuration, with rectanguler chin intakes for its twin engines. About 40% of its empty weight is made up by composite materials. It is being built by a consortium of British, German, Italian and Spanish firms. Prototypes have been flown. In-service date remains uncertain, but service entry in 2003 is planned. Type: Eurofighter 2000 Function: fighter Year: 1994 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 90kN Eurojet EJ200 Wing Span: 10.95m Length: 15.96m Height: 5.28m Wing Area: 50m2 Empty Weight: 9750kg Max.Weight: 21000kg Speed: Mach 2 Ceiling: Range: 3700km Armament: 1*g27mm b,r,msl --F-------------------------------------------------------------------------- F.4, Caproni-Vizzola Monoplane fighter, of mixed contruction with a semi-elliptical wing. It was developed in parallel with the very similar {F.5}, the latter being powered by a radial engine. Because the Asso 121 engine of the F.4 was disliked by the Regia Aeronautica, the F.4 was completed only in 1939, then powered by the Daimler-Benz DB 601A engine. It remained a prototype, because development of the more advanced F.6 was already underway. Type: F.4 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Daimler-Benz DB 601A Wing Span: 11.29m Length: 8.90m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 17.60m2 Empty Weight: 2462kg Max.Weight: 3000kg Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: Range: 700km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm F.5, Caproni-Vizzola Basically a version of the {F.4}, powered by the Fiat A.74 radial engine. The F.5 was a very maneuvrable aircraft, and 12 more were built. In 1942 they were assigned to the nightfighting role. No other production orders followed, probably because the F.5, similar to most Italian fighters of its generation, did not have a sufficiently powerful engine and only weak armament. Type: F.5 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 870hp Fiat A.74 RC.38 Wing Span: 11.30m Length: 7.90m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 17.60m2 Empty Weight: 1818kg Max.Weight: 2238kg Speed: 496km/h Ceiling: Range: 770km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm F.5B, Maurice Farman This pusher biplane was license-built by the S.I.A.. F.6, Caproni-Vizzola Development of the {F.5}. The F.6 was built in two versions: The F.6M powered by the Daimler-Benz DB 650A V-12, and the F.6Z powered by the 24-cylinder, X-configuration Isotta-Fraschini Zeta engine. The F.6M was abandoned in favour of the more advanced F.7, which was never flown; and the F.6Z was delayed until the armistice by engine development problems. Two built. Type: F.6M Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1475hp Daimler-Benz DB 605A Wing Span: 11.35m Length: 9.15m Height: 3.02m Wing Area: 18.81m2 Empty Weight: 2265kg Max.Weight: 2885kg Speed: 569km/h Ceiling: Range: 950km Armament: 2-4*mg12.7mm Type: F.6Z Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1500hp Isotta-Fraschini RC.25/60 Zeta Wing Span: 11.82m Length: 9.01m Height: 3.02m Wing Area: 18.81m2 Empty Weight: 3348kg Max.Weight: 4092kg Speed: 630km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 1370km Armament: 3*mg12.7mm F-104, Lockheed / Aeritalia Italy produced its own development of the {F-104}G Starfighter. A more powerful engine, AIM-7 Sparrow armament, and two additional weapons pylons make the F-104S much more capable than the basic F-104G. It is still in service. Type: F-104S Function: fighter Year: 1968 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 8119kg G.E. J79-GE-19 Speed: 2330km/h Ceiling: 17680m Range: 2920km Armament: 1*g20mm 3402kg FC.12 Tuffo, Fiat-CANSA Two-seat dive bomber, a monoplane with rectangular lines. No production. FC.20, Fiat-CANSA Twin-engined reconnaissance, fighter-bomber and interceptor aircraft. Handling and performance were unsatisfactory. Twelve built. Type: FC.20bis Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 2 * 840hp Fiat A.74 RC 38 Speed: 420km/h Ceiling: 7350m Range: 1150km Armament: 3*mg 1*g37mm 570kg FN.305, Nardi A low-wing cabin monoplane with retractable landing gear and tandem seating. About 500 were built. Customers for the FN.305 were Italy, Chile, Rumania, Hungary and France. Of the 500 aircraft ordered by France, only 41 were delivered before Italy declared war with France. Type: FN.305A Function: trainer / liaison. Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 138kW Alfa Romeo 115 Wing Span: 8.47m Length: 6.98m Height: 2.10m Wing Area: 12m2 Empty Weight: 704kg Max.Weight: 984kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 620km Armament: 0-2*mg7.7mm FN.310, Nardi Type: FN.310 Function: transport Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150kW Fiat A.70S Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: Range: 1400km Load: 3 seats FN.315, Nardi Development of the {FN.305} with a new tail. 31 were built. Type: FN.315 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Alfa Romeo Wing Span: 8.47m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1045kg Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: 6200m Range: 740kg Armament: FN.316, Nardi Final development of the {FN.305}. Only 49 were built, mainly because of problems with engine cooling. Type: FN.316M Function: trainer Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 210kW Isotta-Fraschini Beta RC 10 IZ Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 740km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm --G-------------------------------------------------------------------------- G.8, Gabardini Biplane fighter and training aircraft. The fighter was a single- seater with a 200hp engine, the trainer a two-seater with a 180hp engine. The G.8 was not accepted by the Italian air force. Type: G.8 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 200hp Hispano-Suiza Wing Span: 8.34m Length: 5.55m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 22.06m2 Empty Weight: 580kg Max.Weight: 780kg Speed: 206km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm G.9, Gabardini The G.9 was developed in parallel with the {G.8} and was very similar, but smaller. Two built. Type: G.9 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp SPA 6a Wing Span: 7.00m Length: 6.00l Height: Wing Area: 18.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: G.12, Fiat The G.12 was designed as a civil airliner but used as a military transport during WWII. It was an all-metal airliner with retractable landing gear, well streamlined. The G.12 was an effective aircraft that continued in service after the war. 104 built. Type: G.12C Function: transport Year: 1941 Crew: 3-4 Engines: 3 * 570kW Fiat A.74 RC 42 Wing Span: 28.60m Length: 20.16m Height: 4.90m Wing Area: 113.5m2 Empty Weight: 8890kg Max.Weight: 12800kg Speed: 396km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 1740km Armament: 2*mg Load: 22 seats G.18, Fiat Civil airliner, obviously inspired by the DC-2. They were used by the military after the outbreak of WWII. Nine built. Type: G.18V Function: transport Year: 1937 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 735kW Fiat A.80 RC41 Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: 8700m Range: 1675km Load: 18 seats G.30, Fiat Design for a long-range bomber. G.46, Fiat Monoplane trainer, one of the first post-war Italian aircraft. 220 were built, as two-seat and single-seat aircraft and with several engines. Type: G.46-4B Function: trainer Year: 1947 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 160kW Alfa Romeo 115ter Wing Span: 10.40m Length: 8.48m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 16.00m2 Empty Weight: 1100kg Max.Weight: 1410kg Speed: 312km/h Ceiling: 6050m Range: 500km Armament: 1*mg G.49, Fiat This was intended as a replacement for the North American {T-6}. Two built. 1952. G.50 Freccia, Fiat The G.50 was one of the first Italian monoplane fighters. It was a basically sane design, a nimble low-wing monoplane with enclosed cockpit (abandoned on production aircraft) and retractable landing gear. But Italy did not have a suitable engine for a monoplane fighter, and the G.50 was slow and underarmed. 780 built. The single G.50V had a Daimler-Benz DB601 engine, and the single G.50bis/A was a two-seat shipboard fighter-bomber. Type: G.50 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 625kW Fiat A.74 RC38 Wing Span: 10.96m Length: 7.79m Height: 2.96m Wing Area: 18.15m2 Empty Weight: 1975kg Max.Weight: 2415kg Speed: 472km/h Ceiling: 9835m Range: 670km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm G.51, Fiat Development of the {G.50}. Not built. G.52, Fiat Development of the {G.50}. The G.52 combined the wings and systems of the G.50 with a smaller fuselage and the Fiat A.76 RC40 radial engine. Not built. G.55 Centauro, Fiat The G.55 was considered the best of the Italian DB605-engined fighters, a powerful and robust high-altitude interceptor. Only a few were used in combat, by the fascist Salo-republic after 1943. Production was resumed after after WWII as the G.55A. Type: G.55/I Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1475hp Fiat RA 1050 RC 58 Wing Span: 11.85m Length: 9.37m Height: 3.13m Wing Area: 21.11m2 Empty Weight: 2630kg Max.Weight: 3718kg Speed: 630km/h Ceiling: 12700m Range: 1200km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 3*g20mm 2*b160kg G.56, Fiat Development of the {G.55} with a Daimler-Benz DB603A engine. Structural changes were limited to those needed to accomadate the larger engine. Ironically, the development of the G.56 was first demanded by the Germans, but the production was forbidden by them. Two built. Type: G.56 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Daimler-Benz DB 603A Wing Span: 11.85m Length: 9.56m Height: 3.13m Wing Area: 21.11m2 Empty Weight: 2900kg Max.Weight: 3854kg Speed: 685km/h Ceiling: Range: 1280km Armament: 3*mg20mm G.59, Fiat This was the final development of the {G.55}, powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin engine instead of the no longer available German DB 605A. In Italy it was used as advanced trainer, built in single-seat and two-seat versions. But 30 fighter-bombers were built for Syria. Over 100 were completed. Type: G.59-2A Function: fighter / trainer Year: 1951 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1490hp R.R. Merlin 500/20 Wing Span: 11.85m Length: 9.47m Height: 3.76m Wing Area: 21.11m2 Empty Weight: 2740kg Max.Weight: 3400kg Speed: 593km/h Ceiling: 11500m Range: 1420km Armament: 4*g20mm G.80, Fiat The first real Italian jet aircraft, flown in 1951. Precursor of the {G.82}. 1600kg D.H. Goblin 35 engine. Three built. G.82, Fiat Development of the {G.80}. The G.82 was an excellent trainer, but was not selected for a NATO requirement for a jet trainer. The availability of the {T-33} ended all hopes for the G.82. Five built. Type: G.82 Function: trainer Year: 1954 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2450kg R.R. Nene 6/21 Speed: 910km/h Ceiling: 12300m Range: 1150km Armament: 1-2*mg G.91, Fiat / Aeritalia The Italian G.91 was declared winner of a NATO-competition for a lightweight strike aircraft, but of course most NATO members had second thoughts after their own aircraft had lost the competition, and the G.91 was used only by Germany and Italy. It is a small swept-wing subsonic aircraft, similar in appearance to the F-86K. 450 were built, the majority of them in Germany. The G.91Y was a twin-engined development, a change that demanded a virtually complete redesign. The G.91Y was less successful, because the basic concept was outmoded at the time. 67 built. Type: G.91R-3 Function: attack Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2270kg Bristol Orpheus 801/02 Wing Span: 8.56m Length: 10.29m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 16.42m2 Empty Weight: 3269kg Max.Weight: 5670kg Speed: 1090km/h Ceiling: 13260m Range: 1850km Armament: 2*g20mm 680kg Type: G.91Y Function: attack Year: 1968 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1850kg G.E. J85-GE-13A Wing Span: 9.01m Length: 11.67m Height: 4.43m Wing Area: 18.13m2 Empty Weight: 3900kg Max.Weight: 8700kg Speed: 1110km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm 1814kg G222, Fiat / Aeritalia STOL transport. The original NATO requirement for a V/STOL transport was abandoned, and the G222 became a more conventional design, looking like a smaller, twin-engined {C-130}. The USAF bought it as the {C-27}. Type: G222 Function: transport Year: 1975 Crew: 3-4 Engines: 2 * 2535kW G.E. T64-GE-P4D Wing Span: 28.70m Length: 22.70m Height: 9.80m Wing Area: 82.00m2 Empty Weight: 15400kg Max.Weight: 26500kg Speed: 540km/h Ceiling: 7620m Range: 5000km Load: 9000kg, 44 seats Gamma, Pomilio Single-seat fighter biplane. A small batch of Gamma fighters was ordered in 1918, but none entered service. They were fast and manoeuvrable, but their rate of climb was mediocre. Type: Gamma IF Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 250hp Isotta-Fraschini V6 Wing Span: 7.99m Length: 6.30m Height: Wing Area: 21.90m2 Empty Weight: 680kg Max.Weight: 950kg Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.0hrs Armament: Guidoni Type: Guidoni Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1912 Crew: Engines: 2 * 147kW Gnome Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: --H-------------------------------------------------------------------------- H-3, Sikorsky-Agusta Agusta license-built the US-designed {H-3} (Sikorsky S.61) helicopter. H-47, Boieng-Vertol Meriodinali License production of the C{H-47} tandem-rotor transport helicopter is undertaken by Meriodinali. This included export orders to Iran, Morocco and Libya. Harrier, MDD / BAe The Italian Navy bought 16 Harrier II Plus VSTOL attack aircraft and two T{AV-8}B trainers, for operations from its aircraft carrier Garibaldi. HD-1, Hanriot French biplane fighter. The {HD-1} was little used in France, but in Italy Macchi built 831 and production continued until 1919. Type: HD-1 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120hp Le Rhone Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg --I-------------------------------------------------------------------------- I.C.R.42, Fiat Floatplane version of the {CR.42}. Idro-S.V.A. Floatplane version of the Ansaldo {S.V.A.}, intended as fighter. About 50 built. Type: Idro-S.V.A. Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 205hp SPA 6A Wing Span: 9.10m Length: 9.30m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 24.5m2 Empty Weight: 878kg Max.Weight: 1100kg Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: Range: 3hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm --J-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jet Squalus, Promavia This is a small low-wing jet trainer, built by a Italian/Belgain joint venture. The Belgian air force is not interested, but there are efforts to sell it abroad, with the uprated TFE109-3 engine. Type: Jet Squalus Function: trainer Year: 1987 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 5.92kN Garrett TFE109-1 Speed: 519km/h Ceiling: 10670m Range: 1850km Armament: 600kg Ju 87, Junkers The Regia Aeronautica used a number of {Ju 87}s, in addition to Luftwaffe units that were based on the Italian territory. --K-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --L-------------------------------------------------------------------------- L.1, Macchi This was an almost exact copy of a captured Austrian Lohner {L40} fighter flying-boat. 140 built. Type: L.1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: Engines: 1 * 150hp Isotta-Fraschini Speed: 110km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.2, Macchi Development of the {L.1}. Ten built. Type: L.2 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1916 Crew: Engines: 1 * 160hp Isotta-Fraschini Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.3, Macchi A redesigned {L.1} with completely new wings. Like the L.1 and {L.2}, it was a small biplane flying boat. It was used as bomber, reconnaissance aircraft and fighter, until the end of the war. 200 built. Type: L.3 Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1916 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 1 * 160hp Isotta-Fraschini V4.B Wing Span: 15.95m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1350kg Speed: 145km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 450km Armament: 1*mg Leone, Aerfer Development of the {Ariete} with an auxiliary rocket engine. Not built. --M-------------------------------------------------------------------------- M.3, Macchi See {L.3}. M.4, Macchi Reconnaissance flying boat, powered by a Fiat A.12 engine. Two built. M.5, Macchi A small flying-boat fighter biplane, developed from the {M.3}. The M.5 was one of the best aircraft of its category, and in combat it was the equal of landplane fighters. The original engine was the Isotta-Fraschini V.4B of 187hp; the M.5mod had a more powerful engine. 344 built. Some were used until 1923. Type: M.5mod Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 250hp Isotta-Fraschini V-6B Wing Span: 11.90m Length: 8.08m Height: 2.85m Wing Area: 28m2 Empty Weight: 720kg Max.Weight: 990kg Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: 5990m Range: 3h 40m Armament: 2*mg7.7mm M.6, Macchi Flying boat fighter, essentially a {M.5} with a new set of wings. This offered no performance advantage, and the M.6 did not enter production. One built. Type: M.6 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp Isotta-Fraschini V.4B Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 29.00m2 Empty Weight: 760kg Max.Weight: 1030kg Speed: 189km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.0hrs Armament: 1*mg7.7mm M.7, Macchi Fighter flying boat biplane, more refined than the {M.5} and with a different engine. Designed at the end of WWI, but a redesigned and reengined version of the the M.7, the M.7ter, remained in service until 1930. In 1921 a M.7bis won the Schneider Cup race. Over 110 built. Type: M.7ter Function: Fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 250hp Isotta-Fraschini Semi-Asso Wing Span: 9.95m Length: 8.09m Height: 2.97m Wing Area: 23.50m2 Empty Weight: 805kg Max.Weight: 1098kg Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 3hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm M.8, Macchi A biplane reconnaissance flying boat, used until the end of WWI as reconnaissance and ASW aircraft, and as trainer thereafter. 57 built. Type: M.8 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 170hp Isotta-Fraschini Wing Span: 16m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1430kg Speed: 162km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 4*b50kg M.9, Macchi Bomber flying boat. Only 16 built before the end of WWI, but these stayed in service until 1923. Type: M.9 Function: bomber Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Fiat A-12b Speed: 187km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: M.12, Macchi Twin-fuselage flying boat. No production. Type: M.12 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1918 Crew: Engines: 1 * 450hp Ansaldo Giorgio 4E28 Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: M.14, Macchi Biplane fighter, a wooden aircraft with Warren (W-struts) wing bracing. Eleven were built, but mostly for use as advanced trainers. Type: M.14 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 8.20m Length: 5.65m Height: 2.62m Wing Area: 16.60m2 Empty Weight: 440kg Max.Weight: 640kg Speed: 186km/h Ceiling: Range: 2hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm M.15, Macchi Reconnaissance biplane. Limited production. Type: M.15 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 330hp Fiat A.12bis Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: M.18, Macchi Flying boat, used as trainer and light transport. The M.18 was a pusher biplane, that had succes in both military and civil roles. Over 100 built. Type: M.18 Function: trainer / transport / reconnaissance Year: 1920 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 250hp Isotta-Fraschini Asso Wing Span: 15.80m Length: 9.75m Height: 3.25m Wing Area: 45m2 Empty Weight: 1275kg Max.Weight: 1785kg Speed: 187km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 1000km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm M.24, Macchi The first twin-engined aircraft of Macchi. a flying boat that remained in service for ten years. The M.24 was a biplane with push/pull engines. Type: M.24ter Function: reconnaissance / bomber Year: 1923 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 380kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso Wing Span: 22m Length: 14.63m Height: 4.65m Wing Area: 105m2 Empty Weight: 3730kg Max.Weight: 5500kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 700kg Armament: 800kg M.25, Macchi Version of the {M.24}. M.26, Macchi Biplane flying boat fighter. Performance was excellent, but no production was ordered. Type: M.26 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS42 Wing Span: 9.20m Length: 8.15m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 26.00m2 Empty Weight: 865kg Max.Weight: 1195kg Speed: 244km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm M.40, Macchi Catapult-launched shipboard seaplane. No production. 1928. M.41, Macchi Biplane flying boat fighter, the final development of this type of aircraft. The M.41 equipped two squadrons, and remained in use to 1938. Afterwards it was used for training. 40 built. Type: M.41 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420hp Fiat A.20 Wing Span: 11.12m Length: 8.66m Height: 3.12m Wing Area: 31.92m2 Empty Weight: 1107kg Max.Weight: 1537kg Speed: 256km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 3hrs 20min Armament: 2*mg7.7mm M.53, Macchi Shipboard aircraft for submarines. M.71, Macchi Development of the {M.41}, reinforced for catapult launch and designed for easy dismantling for shipboard stowage. About a dozen were built, and used until replaced by the {Ro 43} and {Ro 44}. Type: M.71 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: Engines: 1 * 420hp Fiat A.20 Wing Span: 11.12m Length: 8.66m Height: 3.12m Wing Area: 31.92m2 Empty Weight: 1260kg Max.Weight: 1690kg Speed: 259km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm M-290 Redigo, Aermacchi Italian-built version of the Finnish Valmet {L-90}TP Redigo trainer. In 1996 Aermacchi bought the production rights. M.416, Macchi License-built Fokker {S.11} trainer. Macchi The first aircraft of this manufacturer was a parasol monoplane used for reconnaissance. Retired in 1915. 42 were built. Type: Macchi Function: reconnaissance Year: 1913 Crew: Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Speed: 125km/h Ceiling: 2500m Range: Armament: M.B.226, Macchi Trainer. M.B.308, Macchi An high-wing two-seat cabin monoplane, used as liaison aircraft by the air force after WWII. M.B.323, Macchi Low-wing trainer, designed to replace the North American {T-6}. No production. Type: M.B.323 Function: trainer Year: 1952 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 610hp P&W R-1340 Speed: 390km/h Ceiling: Range: 1300km Armament: 1*mg M.B.326, Aermacchi A small two-seat jet trainer. The M.B.326 is a small straight-wing design, powered by a small jet engine. It became the standard jet trainer for the Italian air force and was also exported. Later the M.B.326 was made suitable for attack missions. A dedicated single- seater for attack missions was also built, the M.B.326K. 761 were built, of which about half in Italy and the rest in licence. Type: M.B.326GB Function: trainer / attack Year: 1967 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 15.17kN R.R. Viper 20 Mk.540 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 867km/h Ceiling: 14300m Range: 2445km Armament: 1814kg Type: M.B.326K Function: attack Year: 1970 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1814kg R.R. Viper Mk 632-43 Wing Span: 10.85m Length: 10.67m Height: 3.72m Wing Area: 19.35m2 Empty Weight: 3123kg Max.Weight: 5897kg Speed: 890km/h Ceiling: Range: 2130km Armament: 1814kg M.B.339, Aermacchi Development of the {M.B.326} with a more powerful engines and a raised instructor's seat. The M.B.339 is a robust aircraft of conventional design. The problem of the MB.339 is that the older M.B.326 does not yet need to be replaced, and sales have been limited. There also is a single-seat attack version. Type: MB-339C Function: trainer / attack Year: 1985 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 19.8kN R.R. Viper Mk.680-42 Wing Span: 11.22m Length: 11.24m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 19.3m2 Empty Weight: 3310kg Max.Weight: 6350kg Speed: 902km/h Ceiling: 14630m Range: 2200km Armament: 1815kg M.B.340, Aermacchi Design for an attack aircraft. Never built. M.C.77, Macchi Shoulder wing flying boat, competing for orders with the {Z.501}. No production. The engine was fitted high on struts above the wing; gun turrets were placed in the nose and after the wing. Type: M.C.77 Function: reconnaissance / bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * Isotta-Fraschini Asso 750 Speed: 303km/h Ceiling: Range: 3080km Armament: M.C.94, Macchi The Regia Aeronautica ordered a ambulance / reconnaissance version of this civil flying boat, but cancelled it later. Six built. Type: M.C.94 Function: transport Year: 1936 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 750hp Alfa Romeo 126 RC10 Speed: 246km/h Ceiling: Range: 1490km Load: 12 seats M.C.200 Saetta, Macchi The M.C.200 originated from the same requirement as the Fiat {G.50}. It looked similar, had the same virtues and suffered from the same vices: It was a well-designed low-wing monoplane fighter, but underpowered and poorly armed -- the original design was armed with only one 12.7mm gun. Yet the M.C.200 was probably the most used Italian monoplane fighter, and it proved effective against older fighters like the {Hurricane}. 1153 were built. Breda developed an MC.200bis version powered by a 1180hp Piaggio P.XIX RC45 engine, but this was abandoned in favour of superior types. Type: M.C.200 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 870hp Fiat A.74 RC38 Wing Span: 10.58m Length: 8.19m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 16.80m2 Empty Weight: 1895kg Max.Weight: 2590kg Speed: 501km/h Ceiling: 8900m Range: 570km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm (2*mg7.7mm) 320kg M.C.201, Macchi This was a development of the {M.C.200} with a Fiat A.76 RC40 engine and a slimmer fuselage. The A.76 was never cleared for flight, and the prototype flew only with the less powerful A.74 engine. One built. Type: M.C.201 (estimates) Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1000hp Fiat A.76 RC40 Wing Span: 10.58m Length: 8.19m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 16.80m2 Empty Weight: 1949kg Max.Weight: Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm M.C.202 Folgore, Macchi The answer to the lack of a suitable Italian engine was using a German one. The Folgore was a development of the {M.C.200}, redesigned to use a copy of the Daimler-Benz DB601A liquid-cooled inverted V-12 engine. The M.C.202 was still underarmed, but it was superior to the {Hurricane} and {P-40} that the allied were using in the Mediterranean. About 1200 were built. Type: M.C.202 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1175hp Alfa Romeo RA1000 RC41-I Wing Span: 10.58m Length: 8.85m Height: 3.04m Wing Area: 16.80m2 Empty Weight: 2350kg Max.Weight: 3010kg Speed: 595km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 760km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm 2*b160kg M.C.205V Veltro, Macchi The best Italian fighters of WWII used German engines. The M.C.205V was a development of the {MC.202}, powered by the Daimler Benz DB605 instead of the DB601, and armed with 20mm cannon. It was intended as an interim fighter. The M.C.205 was an effective fighter at low and medium altitudes, but only 262 were built. After the war, 42 were delivered to Egypt, and these were used in the war with Israel of 1948-1949. Type: M.C.205V Serie III Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1475hp Fiat RA.1050 RC 58 Tifone Wing Span: 10.58m Length: 8.85m Height: 3.04m Wing Area: 16.80m2 Empty Weight: 2581kg Max.Weight: 3408kg Speed: 650km/h Ceiling: 11350m Range: 1040km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*g20mm M.C.205N Orione, Macchi The {M.C.205V} was an interim fighter, basically a {M.C.202} with a more powerful engine. The M.C.205N was a complete redesign, which shared only the aft fuselage and tail of the M.C.202. The Italian air force initially ordered 1200, but it soon became clear that this was not a practical plan at this time in the war. Only two were built. Type: M.C.205N/2 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1475hp Fiat RA.1050 RC 58 Tifone Wing Span: 11.25m Length: 9.33m Height: 3.25m Wing Area: 19.00m2 Empty Weight: 2695kg Max.Weight: Speed: 628km/h Ceiling: 11250m Range: Armament: 3*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm M.C.206, Macchi Development of the {MC.205}. Not built. M.C.207, Macchi Development of the {MC.205}. Not built. MDD 500, McDonnell Douglas The MD500E was license-built by Bredanardi as training helicopter. M.F.4, CMASA Reconnaissance flying boat. M.F.6, CMASA Reconnaissance biplane. M.F.10, CMASA Flying boat. MVT, Marchetti Later renamed {S.50}, see there. --N-------------------------------------------------------------------------- N-1, Caproni-Campini The N-1 was not a real jet aircraft, because it was powered by a ducted fan in the circular fuselage and a primitive afterburner. The N-1 was a big aircraft with a low performance, but -- in contrast with the real jet aircraft of the period -- was well publicized. Two built. Type: N-1 Function: experimental Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 660kW Isotta Fraschini Speed: 375km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: NH90, Eurocopter / NH Industries Modern medium-size helicopter, developed by France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. The NH90 made its first flight in Devember 1995. It has an all-composite fuselage, and fly-by-wire controls. There will be naval (NFH) and tactical transport (TTH) versions. Type: NH90 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1370kW R.R.-Turbomeca RTM 322-01/9 Rotor Span: 16.30m Length: 19.56m Height: 5.44m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 9100kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1200km Armament: 14-20 seats, 2500kg Nieuport 11 Bebe The {Nieuport 11} was a French sesquiplane fighter. It was license-built by Macchi, and remained in service until 1917. Macchi built 450. Nieuport 17 Development of the {Nieuport 11}. The French {Nieuport 17} was license-built by Macchi, but the Hanriot {HD-1} was preferred. Nevertheless Macchi built 150. --O-------------------------------------------------------------------------- O-1, Cessna US-built high-wing cabin monoplane. Some {O-1}s are still in service as training aircraft. --P-------------------------------------------------------------------------- P.2, Piaggio The P.2 was a low-wing, cantilever monoplane with a moncocque fuselage, a concept still viewed with suspicion when it was flown in 1923. Because performance was also a bit below expectations, only two were built. Type: P.2 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS 42 Wing Span: 10.58m Length: 7.00m Height: 2.20m Wing Area: 20.08m2 Empty Weight: 867kg Max.Weight: 1182kg Speed: 233km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.6hrs Armament: 2*mg12.7mm P.3, Piaggio The P.3 was designed as a night bomber. It was a biplane, with four engines installed in push/pull tandem pairs. The P.3 was not accepted by the air force. Type: P.3 Function: bomber Year: 1923 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 306kW Fiat A.20V Wing Span: 24m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: P.6, Piaggio The P.6 and P.6ter were a catapult-launched shipboard reconnaissance seaplanes. The P.6bis was an entirely different design. The P.6 was a biplane with a large central float and small outriggers. 15 built. Type: P.6ter Function: reconnaissance Year: 1929 Crew: Engines: 1 * 306kW Wing Span: 13.50m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2360kg Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: P.6bis, Piaggio The P.6bis was built for the same requirement as the P.6 and P.6ter, but it was entirely different. It was a small flying boat, powered by a 194kW Isotta-Fraschini pusher engine. P.8, Piaggio The P.8 was a small parasol-wing seaplane. It was designed to be dismantled and stored in a submarine hangar, on a 'Ettore Fieramosca' class submarine. Type: P.8 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 56kW Blackburn Cirrus Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: P.10, Piaggio Three-seat reconnaissance seaplane, a biplane powered by a 450hp Piaggio Jupiter engine. There was also a landplane version, the P.10bis. Type: P.10 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1932 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 450hp Piaggio Jupiter VI Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament 1*mg7.62mm P.11, Piaggio Biplane trainer, a licence-built version of the British Blackburn {Lincock}. P.16, Piaggio Three-engined bomber monoplane. The P.16 had an inverted gull wing, with the centre section passing through the fuselage on shoulder height, just behind the cockpit. It was an advanced design but attracted no orders. No production. 1935. P.23M, Piaggio The P.23M had the wing configuration of the {P.16}, and was fitted with four engines in two tandem pairs. It was intended for transatlantic flights, and was fitted with a boat-shaped fuselage for emergency ditching. It was tested only briefly. Type: P.23M Function: Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * 670kW Isotta Fraschini XI Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 18400kg Speed: 400km/h Ceiling: Range: 5100km Armament: P.23R, Piaggio The P.23R had nothing in common with the {P.23M}. It was a three-engined aircraft with twin fins and extreme streamlining. It set a new record for speed with payload. Later it was proposed to use it for a demonstration attack on New York. No production. Type: P.23R Function: bomber Year: 1937 Crew: Engines: 3 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI RC40 Speed: 404km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 5000kg P.32, Piaggio Medium bomber, a twin-engined monoplane. About 40 were built in two versions. But they were grounded and scrapped after a crash revealed serious control problems. Type: P.32-II Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * Piaggio P.XI RC40 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: P.32bis, Reggiane Development of the Piaggio {P.32}. Two prototypes only. Type: P.32/I.F. Function: bomber / transport Year: 1936 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 610kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI RC40 Speed: 400km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 1600kg P.50, Piaggio This bomber was the basis for the {P.108}. It was a mid-wing design with four engines, in a two-by-two tandem arrangment in the P.50-I and a more conventional leading-edge arrangment in the P.50-II. Type: P.50-I Function: Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI Speed: Ceiling: Range: 3350km Armament: Type: P.50-II Function: bomber Year: 1938 Crew: Engines: 4 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: P.108, Piaggio This was a four-engined bomber, the only Italian WWII aircraft in this category. Only 163 were built and their operational use was even more restricted by teething troubles and bad organization; its combat use was limited to a number of attacks by small numbers of aircraft. The P.108A was fitted with a 102mm gun, fitted in the nose with a slight depression. The P.108C and P.108T were transport aircraft. Type: P.108B Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 1500hp Piaggio P.XII RC35 Wing Span: 32.00m Length: 22.30m Height: 6.00m Wing Area: 135m2 Empty Weight: 17325kg Max.Weight: 29885kg Speed: 430km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 4000km Armament: 8*mg12.7mm 3500kg P.111, Piaggio Experimental aircraft for the development of pressurized systems. P.112, Piaggio Development of the {P.108} with Piaggio P.XXII engines. P.113, Piaggio Planned development of the {P.108} with more powerful engines. Never built. P.114, Piaggio Seaplane development of the {P.112}. P.119, Piaggio Single-seat fighter monoplane. The air-cooled radial engine was buried behind the cockpit, driving the propeller on the nose by a long extension shaft. A cooling air intake was located under the mid-fuselage. Development was halted after the Italian surrender in 1943. One built. Type: P.119 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1650hp Piaggio P.XV RC60/2v Wing Span: 13.00m Length: 9.70m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 27.80m2 Empty Weight: 2438kg Max.Weight: 4091kg Speed: 640km/h Ceiling: Range: 1515km Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm P.122, Piaggio Dive-bomber design. Not built. P.123, Piaggio Proposed development of the {P.23R}. P.133, Piaggio Improved {P.108}. Not built. 1450hp Piaggio P.XV engines and increased armament. P.136, Piaggio Five-seat amphibian, a gull-winged aircraft with two pusher propellors. The air force bought 34 as SAR aircraft. Type: P.136L-2 Function: SAR Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 255kW Avco Lycoming GSO-480 Wing Span: 13.53m Length: 10.80m Height: 3.83m Wing Area: 25.10m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 7800m Range: 1450km Load: 4 seats P.148, Piaggio Low-wing trainer with fixed landing gear. 100 built for the Italian airforce. Type: P.148 Function: trainer Year: 1951 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 1 * 190hp Lycoming O-453A Wing Span: 11.12m Length: 8.44m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 18.85m2 Empty Weight: 876kg Max.Weight: 1280kg Speed: 232km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 800km P.149, Piaggio Development of the {P.148} with retractable landing gear. The P.149D was adopted as primary trainer and liaison aircraft by the German Luftwaffe. Germany bought 72 and Focke-Wulf built an additional 190. Type: P.149D Function: trainer Year: 1957 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200kW Avco Lycoming GO-480 Wing Span: 11.12m Length: 8.80m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 18.85m2 Empty Weight: 1160kg Max.Weight: 1680kg Speed: 305km/h Ceiling: 6050m Range: 1090km Load: 2-3 seats P.150, Piaggio Monoplane trainer, designed as a replacement for the North American {T-6}. The P.150 was an all-metal, low-wing monoplane with a radial engine. The P.150 was rejected by the airforce. Type: P.150 Function: trainer Year: 1952 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 447kW P&W R-1340-S3H1 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 380km/h Ceiling: Range: P.166, Piaggio The P.166 is virtually a land-based version of the {P.136}; the boat fuselage was eliminated but the configuration remained the same. They are in military service in South Africa and Somalia. In 1997 Piaggio proposed a version withb P&WC PT6A-121 turboprop engines. Type: P.166-DL2 Function: transport Year: 1975 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 283kW Lycoming IGSO-540A1H Speed: 396km/h Ceiling: 8230m Range: 2410km Load: 5 seats 1166kg PC, Pomilio Reconnaissance biplane. The PC was dangerously unstable, even by the relaxed standards of WWI. It was modified to become the {PD}. Type: PC Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Fiat A.12 Speed: 114mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: PD, Pomilio Development of the {PC}, with a modified tail and engine cowling. Total production of the PC and PD was 545. PD-808, Piaggio Twin-engined business jet. Used as trainer and executive transport, and as the PD-808ECM electronic warfare aircraft. Type: PD-808 Function: transport Year: Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 14.9kN R.R. Viper Mk.526 Wing Span: 13.20m Length: 12.85m Height: 4.80m Wing Area: 20.90m2 Empty Weight: 4830kg Max.Weight: 8165kg Speed: 852km/h Ceiling: 13715m Range: 2100km Load: PE, Pomilio Reconnaissance biplane, a development of the {PC} and {PD} with a more powerful engine and modified tail surfaces. 1071 were built. Type: PE Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 190kW Fiat A-12 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1535kg Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 3.5h Armament: 1*mg8mm 1-2*mg7.7mm --Q-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --R-------------------------------------------------------------------------- R.2, Fiat First aircraft built by Fiat (formerly S.I.A.). The R.2 was a sturdy reconnaissance biplane, developed from the S.I.A. {S.9}, that was used until 1925. 129 built. Type: R.2 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Fiat A-12b Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: 720km Armament: 2-3*mg R.22, Fiat Reconnaissance development of the {B.R.2}. 550hp Fiat A.22 engine. R.700, Fiat Development of the {B.R.}. Set a speed record of 336km/h in 1922. Re.2000 Falco I, Reggiane This was a contemporary of the Fiat {G.50} and Macchi {MC.200}. The Re.2000 had obviously been inspired by the U.S. Seversky {P-35} fighter, with its semi-elliptical wings and neatly cowled radial engine. Most of the about 170 built were sold to Sweden (60) and Hungary (70). Type: Re.2000 III Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 755kW Piaggio P.XIbis RC40 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.99m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 20.40m2 Empty Weight: 2070kg Max.Weight: Speed: 525km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: 1300km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 200kg Re.2001 Ariete I, Reggiane This was a development of the {Re.2000}, reengined with a copy of the German DB 601A. The integral wing fuel tankage of the Re.2000 was eliminated, and the wing construction simplified. 252 were built, of which about 150 Re.2001 CN night fighters. Type: Re.2001 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 790kW Alfa Romeo RA.1000 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.99m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 20.40m2 Empty Weight: 2070kg Max.Weight: Speed: 540km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 1040km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm 640kg Re.2002 Ariete II, Reggiane This development of the {Re.2000} kept a radial engine, be it a more powerful one than that of the Re.2000, but had the wing of the {Re.2001}. It was intended as fighter-bomber. About 225 built. Type: Re.2002 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1175hp Piaggio P.XIX RC45 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 8.16m Height: 3.15m Wing Area: 20.40m2 Empty Weight: 2390kg Max.Weight: Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: 1100km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm 950kg Re.2003, Reggiane Two built. Reconnaissance development of the {Re.2000}. Type: Re.2003 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 755kW Piaggio P.XIbis RC40 Speed: 475km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Re.2004, Reggiane This was to be a version of the {Re.2001} with the Isotta-Fraschini Zeta engine. Never completed. Re.2005 Sagittario, Reggiane The Re.2005 had similar lines as the earlier Reggiane fighters, but it was longer. It had the best performance of all the Italian DB605-engined fighters, but had structural problems. Series production was only 48, before the Italian surrender of 1943. Type: Re.2005 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1475hp Daimler Benz DB605A Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 8.73m Height: 3.15m Wing Area: 20.40m2 Empty Weight: 2600kg Max.Weight: Speed: 678km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 1250km Armament: 2*mg 3*g20mm Re.2006, Reggiane Fighter, built but not flown. Re.2007, Reggiane Project for a jet fighter. This was never built. The Germans supplied a Junkers Jumo 004 engine, but this never arrived. Re.2008, Reggiane Project for a swept-wing jet fighter. Ro.1, Romeo License-built Dutch Fokker {C.V} reconnaissance biplane. Many used in the colonial wars when Mussolini built his imperium. Type: Ro.1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1927 Crew: Engines: 1 * 420hp Bristol Jupiter Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ro.37, Imam Biplane reconnaissance aircraft. The Ro 37 was not a very advanced design and in WWII it was obsolete. The Ro37bis had a Piaggio P.IX radial. Over 630 built. Type: Ro 37 Function: trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 550hp Fiat A.30 RA bis Speed: 325km/h Ceiling: 6700m Range: 1650km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 1-2*mg12.7mm Ro.41, Imam Lightweight biplane fighter, a small aircraft of mixed construction. It was used mainly as a fighter trainer. 437 built, including 25 delivered to the Spanish nationalists. Type: Ro.41 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 285kW Piaggio P.VII C45 Wing Span: 8.81m Length: 6.56m Height: 2.65m Wing Area: 12.40m2 Empty Weight: 880kg Max.Weight: 1130kg Speed: 325km/h Ceiling: 8200m Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Ro.43, Imam Floatplane development of the {Ro 37}, with a gulled upper wing and a large central float. The Ro 43 was a catapult-launched observation aircraft for cruisers and battleships. Limited service. About 200 built. Type: Ro 43 Function: observation Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 700hp Piaggio P.XR Speed: 303km/h Ceiling: 7200m Range: 1092km Armament: 2*mg Ro.44, Imam The Ro 44 was a single-seat fighter development of the {Ro 43}. The Ro.44 was of identical biplane configuration, with a single main float. Changes from the Ro.43 were essentially limited to deletion of the second cockpit and fitting of two machine guns. 35 were ordered. Type: Ro.44 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Piaggio P.XR Wing Span: 11.57m Length: 9.71m Height: 3.55m Wing Area: 33.36m2 Empty Weight: 1770kg Max.Weight: 2220kg Speed: 316km/h Ceiling: Range: 1200km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm Ro.51, Imam Monoplane figher, a contemporary of the Fiat {G.50} and Macchi {MC.200}. The Ro.51 was rejected by the Regia Aeronautica. The second prototype was converted to a floatplane fighter, but was abandoned after an accident. Two built. Type: Ro.51 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 828hp Fiat A 74 R.C.38 Wing Span: 9.78m Length: 7.46m Height: 2.71m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1663kg Max.Weight: 2092kg Speed: 489km/h Ceiling: Range: 1200km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm Ro.57, Imam When the Ro.57 entered service in 1942 after much delay, it was already obsolete. The Ro.57 was a twin-engined monoplane, designed as fighter, but developed as a ground attack aircraft because it was thought that it would be at a disadvantage when fighting single-engined fighters. Only about 50 were built. Type: Ro.57 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 840hp Fiat A.74 RC 38 Wing Span: 12.50m Length: 8.80m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 23.00m2 Empty Weight: 3490kg Max.Weight: Speed: 516km/h Ceiling: 9300m Range: 1200km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm Ro.58, Imam Twin-engined long-range fighter, bomber interceptor, nightfighter and fighter-bomber. The Ro.58 was a well-streamlined aircraft of all-metal construction. It was considered to be superior to the German {Me 410}, and possesed excellent manoeuvrability. The Italian surrender in 1943 ended the development. One built. Type: Ro.58 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1159hp Daimler-Benz DB 601A-1 Wing Span: 13.40m Length: 9.89m Height: 3.29m Wing Area: 26.20m2 Empty Weight: 4350kg Max.Weight: Speed: 605km/h Ceiling: Range: 1500km Armament: 5*g20mm 1*mg12.7mm Ro.63, Imam Six built. Type: Ro.63 Function: liaison / reconnaissance Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 205kW Hirth HM508D Speed: 203km/h Ceiling: Range: 900km Load: 1-2 seats R.S.14, Fiat Twin-engined floatplane. The R.S.14 was first flown in 1938 but development was slow. 152 built. Type: RS.14 Function: reconnaissance bomber Year: 1942 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 2 * 840hp Fiat A.74 RC 38 Speed: 390km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 2500km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 1*mg12.7mm 400kg --S-------------------------------------------------------------------------- S.7, S.A.I. Ambrosini Wooden monoplane trainer, first flown in 1939. The S.7 was built in two-seat and single-seat versions and was also a popular racing aircraft, setting some records in its category. Type: S.7 Function: trainer Year: 1949 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 215hp Alfa Romeo 115 Speed: 358km/h Ceiling: 5250m Range: 1000km S.8, S.I.A.I Reconnaissance and ASW flying boat, inspired by the FBA flying boats that SIAI had produced earlier. The Regia Marina ordered 800, but at the end of WWI most orders were cancelled and only 214 were completed. Type: S.8 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 170hp Isotta-Fraschini Wing Span: 12.77m Length: 9.84m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 46m2 Empty Weight: 900kg Max.Weight: 1375kg Speed: 142km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 120kg S.9, S.I.A. Two-seat reconnaissance bomber, a biplane with a 700hp Fiat A.14 engine. S.9, S.I.A.I. Flying boat bomber, a biplane with a 300hp Fiat A.12bis engine. 1918. No production. S.12, S.I.A.I. Reconnaissance flying boat, a biplane with a pusher engine. The S.12 was fast, with a top speed of 222km/h, and participated in the races for the Schneider Trophy. But it was not ordered by the Regia Marina. 1918. S.13, S.I.A.I. Smaller development of the S.12. Small numbers were built, for the Italian military and for export. Type: S.13 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1919 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 187kW Isotta Fraschini Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 197km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm S.16, S.I.A.I. Biplane flying boat, of similar configuration as the earlier SIAI types, but initially designed as a civilian transport. Later it was also used by the military forces of Italy, Brazil, Spain and the USSR. Type: S.16ter Function: reconnaissance Year: 1919 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 1 * 298kW Lorraine Dietrich 12Db Wing Span: 15.50m Length: 9.89m Height: 3.67m Wing Area: 52m2 Empty Weight: 1852kg Max.Weight: 2652kg Speed: 194km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 1000km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 220kg S.23, S.I.A.I. Trainer version of the {S.16}. One built. S.50, S.I.A.I. Single-seat biplane fighter, originally developed by Marchetti as the MVT. The fighter set an unofficial world speed record in 1919, but production was limited to three evaluation examples. Four built. Type: S.50 Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 285hp SPA 62a Wing Span: 8.70m Length: 7.75m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 21.50m2 Empty Weight: 747kg Max.Weight: 987kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.1hrs Armament: S.52, S.I.A.I. Biplane fighter, a derivative of the {S.50} with a Hispano-Suiza HS 42 engine. It was too late for the Italian 1924 fighter contest. Two built. Type: S.52 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS 42 Wing Span: 10.70m Length: 7.18m Height: Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: 800kg Max.Weight: 1100kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5h Armament: S.55, Savoia-Marchetti Flying boat. The S.55 had a very unusual twin-hulled monoplane layout, with tandem engines on a central pylon, and tail surfaces supported by tubular struts. The cockpit was in tht thick center section of the wing. Despite initial skepticism, the navy bought 170. Italo Balbo made the S.55 famous with long-distance formation flights. Type: S.55 Function: bomber / transport Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 515kW Fiat A-24R Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: 4200m Range: 2000km Load: 10-12 seats, 730kg S.58, S.I.A.I. Single-seat, biplane flying boat fighter. The S.58 did not enter production. It was selected three times to replace the Macchi {M.7}, but the older aircraft was kept in service! Four built. Type: S.58bis Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420hp Fiat A 20 Wing Span: 11.25m Length: 9.10m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 29.10m2 Empty Weight: 1117kg Max.Weight: Speed: 267km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.59, Savoia-Marchetti Biplane flying boat. The S.59 was underpowered, but the reengined S.59bis was built in relatively large numbers. They served in the first line until 1937, and as trainers afterwards. About 150 built. There was also a civilian version. Type: S.59bis Function: reconnaissance / bomber Year: 1927 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 380kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso 500 Wing Span: 15.50m Length: 10.36m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 60m2 Empty Weight: 1950kg Max.Weight: 2950kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 4550m Range: 5hrs Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 280kg S.62, Savoia-Marchetti Biplane flying boat. The S.62 was not accepted by the Italian armed forces, but some were built for civilian operators and 24 for the USSR. 29 more were built in the USSR. Type: S.62 Function: bomber / reconnaissance Year: 1926 Crew: 4 Engines: 1 * 635kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso 750 Wing Span: 16.66m Length: 12.26m Height: 4.19m Wing Area: 69.50m2 Empty Weight: 2630kg Max.Weight: 5030kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: 4900m Range: 2000km Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 600kg S.66, Savoia-Marchetti The S.66 had the same configuration as the succesful {S.55}, but was larger and more powerful, with three engines instead of two. It was designed as a civilian transport, but some flew SAR missions at the beginning of WWII. Type: S.66 Function: transport Year: 1932 Crew: 3 Engines: 3 * 750hp Fiat A.24R Wing Span: 33.00m Length: 16.65m Height: 4.90m Wing Area: 126.70m2 Empty Weight: 7450kg Max.Weight: 10950kg Speed: 222km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 1290km Load: 14 seats S.67, S.I.A.I. Single-seat monoplane flying boat fighter, intended to be catapult-launched from cruisers. It was a shoulder-wing design, with the pusher engine on a pylon high aboce the fuselage. Three were built. They actually entered service, and were used until 1935. Type: S.67 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 520hp Fiat A 20 Wing Span: 13.10m Length: 8.97m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 27.20m2 Empty Weight: 1209kg Max.Weight: Speed: 258km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.7h Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.72, Savoia-Marchetti This was a bomber development of the S.71 transport. The S.72 was a shoulder-wing aircraft with fixed landing gear and three engines. Six or more were built for China. Type: S.72 Function: bomber Year: 1934 Crew: Engines: 3 * 410kW Alfa Romeo/Bristol Pegasus Wing Span: 29.68m Length: 19.95m Height: 5.50m Wing Area: 118.50m Empty Weight: 6800kg Max.Weight: 12800kg Speed: 295km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 2000km Armament: 6*mg7.7mm 1*g20mm 1000kg S.73, Savoia-Marchetti Three-engined transport aircraft, a low-wing airplane with fixed landing gear. Its lines would become typical for the Savoia- Marchetti designs. Some were used by the Italian airforce, including four which -- having originally been sold to Belgium -- had served with the RAF before they were captured in North Africa! Type: S.73 Function: transport Year: 1934 Crew: 4 Engines: 3 * 600kW Alfa Romeo 126 RC.10 Wing Span: 24.00m Length: 18.37m Height: 4.45m Wing Area: 92.20m2 Empty Weight: 7300kg Max.Weight: 10800kg Speed: 325km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1000km Load: 18 seats S.75, Savoia-Marchetti S.75 and later: See {S.M.75} and later. S.107, S.A.I. / Ambrosini This lightweight fighter was developed from the {S.7} trainer. Initially it was fitted with a very elongated, smooth cockpit cover, but this was replaced with a conventional one because it distorted the view. Onlu one was built, but the performance was good enough to warrant development of the S.207. Type: S.107 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 515hp Isotta-Fraschini Gamma R.C.35 Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 8.00m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 13.10m2 Empty Weight: 1280kg Max.Weight: 1600kg Speed: 500km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm S.207, S.A.I. See {S.A.I. 207}. S.211, Siai Marchetti / Agusta Jet trainer. The S.211 is a small shoulder-wing aircraft, single-engined, with tandem seating. The more powerful S.211A derivative was offered to the USAF by Siai-Marchetti/Grumman for the JPATS requirement. Type: S.211A Function: trainer Year: 1989 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 14.2kN P&WC JT15D-5C Wing Span: 8.47m Length: 9.50m Height: 3.80m Wing Area: 12.66m2 Empty Weight: 2020kg Max.Weight: 3500kg Speed: 713km/h Ceiling: Range: 3hrs 25min Armament: 600kg S.403, S.A.I. See {S.A.I. 403}. Sagittario, Aerfer Light, swept-wing jet fighter. The engine was installed in the front fuselage, with an exhaust under the mid fuselage. Two were built. The Sagittario was the first Italian aircraft the exceed the speed of sound in a dive. Type: Sagittario II Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1650kg R.R. Derwent 9 Wing Span: 7.50m Length: 9.50m Height: Wing Area: 14.50m2 Empty Weight: 2300kg Max.Weight: 3300kg Speed: 1050km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 765km Armament: 2*g30mm 500kg S.A.I. 207 A more powerful development of the {S.107}. This was an attempt to develop a lightweight fighter with a construction of nonstrategic materials. Handling and manoeuvrability were excellent. Only a dozen were built. An order for 2000 was overtaken by the development of the {S.403}. Type: S.A.I.207 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp Isotta-Fraschini Delta RC40 Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 8.02m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 13.90m2 Empty Weight: 1750kg Max.Weight: 2415kg Speed: 625km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 850km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm S.A.I. 403 This was the final development of the {S.A.I.207}. It was redesigned, with aerodynamic changes and a more robust structure. 3000 were ordered, but only the prototype was completed by the armistice. Type: S.A.I. 403 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp Isotta-Fraschini R.C.21/60 Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 8.20m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 14.46m2 Empty Weight: 1983kg Max.Weight: 2640kg Speed: 648km/h Ceiling: Range: 937km Armament: Saiman 200 Biplane trainer, used until 1947. 115 were built. Type: 200 Function: trainer Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 138kW Alfa Romeo 115 Wing Span: 8.78m Length: 7.47m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 22m2 Empty Weight: 761kg Max.Weight: 1055kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 475km Saiman 202 A wooden low-wing monoplane, used on a large scale as liaison aircraft and trainer. Continued flying after WWII. Type: 202 Function: liaison Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120hp Alfa Romeo 110 Wing Span: 10.66m Length: 7.65m Height: 1.91m Wing Area: 17.66m2 Empty Weight: 670kg Max.Weight: 930kg Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 700km SAR 42, Aerospatiale/Aeritalia Proposed sea patrol development of the ATR 42 airliner. SF.260, SIAI-Marchetti Two/three seat light aircraft. Primarilmy a trainer, but some have a limited weapon-carrying capability. There is also a turboprop-engined version. Over 700 built. Type: SF.260W Function: trainer Year: 1972 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 194kW Textron Lycoming O-540-E4A5 Wing Span: 8.35m Length: 7.10m Height: 2.41m Wing Area: 10.10m2 Empty Weight: 830kg Max.Weight: 1300kg Speed: 306km/h Ceiling: 4480m Range: 1490km Armament: 300kg S.I.A. 7B Reconnaissance biplane. Not very succesful, mostly because of structural problems. Performance and handling were good. After 500 S.I.A.7s, the design was modified into the 7B with stronger wings. Type: 7B Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 186kW Fiat A.12 Wing Span: 13.32m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1650kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.I.A. 9B More powerful development of the 7B, intended as light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft. Only 62 were built; the orders were cancelled at the end of WWI. Type: 9B Function: reconnaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 447kW Fiat A.14 Wing Span: 15.50m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2990kg Speed: 215km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: S.I.A. 1200 Bomber, first flown in 1917. No production. SLD, Ducrot Single-seat biplane fighter. The SLD used a powerful French engine and had an aerodynamically clean fuselage. It entered testing at the end of WWI. Type: SLD Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 200hp Hispano-Suiza 35 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 22.00m2 Empty Weight: 610kg Max.Weight: 810kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: S.M.74, Savoia-Marchetti The S.M.74 was a civil transport, that was pressed into military service in WWII. A high-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear and a deep fuselage of rectangular cross section. Three built. Type: S.M.74 Function: transport Year: 1935 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 700hp Piaggio Stella X RC Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 2000km Load: 27 seats S.M.75, Savoia-Marchetti The S.M.75 was a good three-engined transport aircraft. It was designed as a civil transport, but its performance attracted military orders. It was a three-engined, low-wing monoplane with retractable landing gear. Some were also used as bombers. After the 1943 surrender, the S.M.75 served also with the Luftwaffe. It also was used postwar. Type: S.M.75 Function: transport Year: 1939 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 3 * 750hp Alfa Romeo A.R. 126 RC 34 Wing Span: 29.68m Length: 21.60m Height: 5.10m Wing Area: 118.60m2 Empty Weight: 9500kg Max.Weight: 13000kg Speed: 363km/h Ceiling: 6250m Range: 1720km Load: 18 seats S.M.76, Savoia-Marchetti This was a version of the {S.M.75} with Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp engines. S.M.79 Sparviero, Savoia-Marchetti The S.M.79 was built in three-engined and twin-engined versions --- the twin-engined models were only built for export to Brazil, Iraq, Rumania and Yugoslavia. It was a sturdy hump-backed aircraft which first flew in 1934, and provided valuable service even in the most difficult conditions. It was used as a bomber and as a torpedo-bomber. Production ceased in 1944 after about 1370 aircraft. Type: S.M.79 I Function: bomber Year: Crew: 4-5 Engines: 3 * 580kW Alfa Romeo 126 RC.34 Wing Span: 21.20m Length: 15.80m Height: 4.30m Wing Area: 61.70m2 Empty Weight: 6800kg Max.Weight: 10480kg Speed: 430km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 1900km Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.7mm 1250kg Type: S.M.79 II Function: bomber, torpedo-bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 4 Engines: 3 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI RC40 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 434km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 2000km Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.7mm 1250kg S.M.81 Pipistrello, Savoia-Marchetti This was a military version of the S.M.73 airliner, a three-engined monoplane with fixed landing gear. It did see combat in Spain. In 1940 it was obsolete, but it served until 1942 until it was reassigned to transport duties, and a few continued in this role until 1951! 584 built. Type: S.M.81 Function: bomber / transport Year: 1935 Crew: 6 Engines: 3 * 515kW Piaggio P.X RC35 Wing Span: 24.00m Length: 17.80m Height: 4.45m Wing Area: 93m2 Empty Weight: 6300kg Max.Weight: 9300kg Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 2000km Armament: 5*mg7.7mm 1000kg S.M.82 Marsupiale, Savoia-Marchetti The S.M.82 transport was decidedly underpowered, but it provided the axis powers with a much needed heavy transport capacity. It was called Marsupiale because of its ability to ferry dismantled fighters in the large, bulging fuselage. The S.M.82 was provided with an internal bomb bay, but this was used mostly for fuel tanks. Approx 400 built. They served until the were replaced by the {C-119} in the 1950s. Type: S.M.82 Function: transport Year: 1939 Crew: 4 Engines: 3 * 710kW Alfa Romeo 128 RC.21 Wing Span: 29.68m Length: 22.90m Height: 6.00m Wing Area: 118.60m2 Empty Weight: 10550kg Max.Weight: 18020kg Speed: 370km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 3970km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 4*mg7.7mm 4000kg S.M.84, Savoia-Marchetti This aircraft was designed as a replacement for the {S.M.79}. It was very similar, except for the twin fins, but had a new a more modern fuselage contruction. Its combat use was not very successful, because it was unstable and had unreliable engines. 309 were built. Type: S.M.84 Function: bomber / torpedo bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 5 Engines: 3 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI RC 40 Wing Span: 21.13m Length: 17.93m Height: 4.59m Wing Area: 61m2 Empty Weight: 8846kg Max.Weight: 13288kg Speed: 432km/h Ceiling: 7900m Range: 1830km Armament: 4*mg12.7mm 2000kg S.M.85, Savoia-Marchetti Twin-engined dive bomber. The S.M.85 was a wooden, angular, ugly, and grossly underpowered aircraft. They flew one combat mission (failing to find their targets) before the structure detoriated and the aircraft were rendered inoperational! 36 built. Type: S.M.85 Function: dive bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 370kW Piaggio P.VII RC35 Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 10.40m Height: 3.33m Wing Area: 25.80m2 Empty Weight: 2950kg Max.Weight: 4190kg Speed: 368km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 830km Armament: 1-2*mg12.7mm 800kg S.M.86, Savoia-Marchetti Reengined development of the {S.M.85}. Two prototypes only. S.M.87, Savoia-Marchetti Floatplane version of the {S.M.75}. Four built. Type: S.M.87 Function: transport Year: 1939 Crew: 4 Engines: 3 * 735kW Fiat A.80 RC41 Speed: 365km/h Ceiling: 6250m Range: 2200km Load: 24 seats S.M.88, SIAI-Marchetti Three-seat light bomber, later changed to become the {S.M.91} fighter. S.M.90, Savoia-Marchetti Version of the {S.M.75} with 1044kW Alfa Romeo 135 engines and a longer fuselage. One built. S.M.91, SIAI-Marchetti Long-range fighter. The S.M.91 was a twin-boom aircraft similar in configuration to the Lockheed {P-38}: It had a small center-section nacelle for the crew and the armament. It was powered by German engines. Development ended after the Italian surrender of 1943, although plans were made for a version with Rolls-Royce Merlin engines. One built. Type: S.M.91 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1290hp Daimler-Benz DB 605A-1 Wing Span: 19.70m Length: 13.25m Height: 3.85m Wing Area: 41.76m2 Empty Weight: 6400kg Max.Weight: Speed: 585km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 5*mg20mm 500kg S.M.92, SIAI-Marchetti The S.M.92 was developed simultaneously with the {S.M.91} and was similar, except that the small central nacelle was eliminated and the crew seated in the left boom. The prototype was flown by the Germans in 1943, but development was not continued. Type: S.M.92 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1290hp Daimler-Benz DB 605A-1 Wing Span: 18.55m Length: 13.70m Height: 4.15m Wing Area: 38.52m2 Empty Weight: 6250kg Max.Weight: Speed: 615km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*g20mm 3*mg12.7mm S.M.93, Savoia-Marchetti Single-engined, two-seat dive bomber, powered by a DB 605 engine. The pilot flew it in a prone position in an effort to protect him against the G forces; the gunner had a normal seat. The S.M.93 was completed by the Germans after the Italian surrender in 1943. One built. Type: S.M.93 Function: dive bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1250hp Daimler-Benz DB 605 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: S.M.95, Savoia-Marchetti Medium-range transport aircraft, a beautiful four-engined design. They served with several airlines, and a small number was used by the post-war Italian airforce. Some had Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp or Bristol Pegasus engines. Type: S.M.95 Function: transport Year: 1943 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 4 * 625kW Alfa Romeo 128 RC18 Wing Span: 34.28m Length: 24.77m Height: 5.70m Wing Area: 128.30m2 Empty Weight: 12800kg Max.Weight: 21600kg Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: 6350m Range: 2000km Load: 18 seats S.M.102, SIAI-Marchetti Twin-engined light transport aircraft. It was unsuccessful on the civil market, but a small series was built for the Italian airforce. Type: S.M.102 Function: transport Year: 1950 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 335kW P&W R-985 Wing Span: 18m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 5050kg Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 8 seats S.M.1019, SIAI-Marchetti High-wing cabin monoplane. It is a development of the once widely-used Cessna {O-1} Birddog with a turboprop engine. About 100 built. Type: S.M.1019E Function: observation / FAC Year: 1974 Crew:2 Engines: 1 * 298kW Allison 250-B17 Wing Span: 10.97m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 7620m Range: 1350km Armament: 320kg S.P.1, S.I.A. Development of the French Farman biplanes. A few built. S.P.2, S.I.A. Development of the {S.P.1}. 400 built. Type: S.P.2 Function: reconnaissance / trainer Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Fiat A-12 Speed: 120km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: Armament: S.P.3, S.I.A. Development of the {S.P.2}. The type was clearly obsolete, but nevertheless 300 were built. Some had 225kW A.12bis engines. In 1917 the S.P. series equipped a quarter of the Italian airforce. Type: S.P.3 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 190kW Fiat A.12 Wing Span: 14.70m Length: 10.95m Height: 3.55m Wing Area: 60m2 Empty Weight: 1048kg Max.Weight: 1498kg Speed: 145km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 450km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm S.P.4, S.I.A. Twin-engined development of the {S.P.3}, powered by 112kW Isotta- Fraschini engines. 146 built. S.S.4, S.A.I.-Ambrosini The S.S.4 was a single-seat fighter of canard configuration with a pusher engine. This configuration was also used by the far better known Curtiss X{P-55} Ascender and Kyushu {J7W} Shinden, but the S.S.4 was a first. One of the reasons for its relative obscurity may be that the S.S.4 crashed on its second flight. One built. Type: S.S.4 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 960hp Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI R.C.40 Wing Span: 12.32m Length: 6.74m Height: 2.48m Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: 1800kg Max.Weight: 2446kg Speed: 540km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g30mm 2*g20mm Stipa-Caproni This was an experimental aircraft, preceding the Caproni-Campini {N.1}. It basically was a flying venturi tube with a de Havilland Gipsy engine fitted inside it, while the propeller turned in the front edge of the tube. The crew sat in a bulge on top. 1932. S.V.A., Ansaldo The first aircraft in the S.V.A. series, designed by Savoia and Verdusio, built by Ansaldo. The S.V.A was fast, but considered not maneuvrable enough for a fighter, and development was initiated of the {S.V.A.2} reconnaissance aircraft. Type: S.V.A. Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 205hp SPA 6A Wing Span: 9.10m Length: 8.10m Height: 2.65m Wing Area: 24.2m2 Empty Weight: 670kg Max.Weight: 952kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: 3hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.V.A. 2, Ansaldo Reconnaissance version of the {S.V.A.}, mainly used as a trainer. S.V.A. 3, Ansaldo Fighter, developed from the original {S.V.A.}. A special version with shortened wings was produced as airship interceptor. Type: S.V.A. 3 ridotto Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp SPA 6A Wing Span: 7.75m Length: 8.10m Height: 2.65m Wing Area: 22.0m2 Empty Weight: 667kg Max.Weight: 891kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: Range: 3hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.V.A. 4, Ansaldo The was almost identical with the {S.V.A.5}. Approx 10 built. S.V.A. 5, Ansaldo Most succesful derivative of the original {S.V.A.}. This was one of the best bomber and reconnaissance aircraft of WWI. The S.V.A. 5 had been designed as a fighter, but had been rejected because of deficient maneuvrability. As a bomber and reconnaissance aircraft the fast, long-ranged S.V.A. 5 was excellent. Total production of the series was approx. 2000. Type: S.V.A. 5 Function: bomber Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp S.P.A. 6A Wing Span: 9.10m Length: 8.10m Height: 2.65m Wing Area: 24.20m2 Empty Weight: 680kg Max.Weight: 1050kg Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 6700m Range: 6h Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.V.A. 9, Ansaldo Two-seat trainer version of the {S.V.A.5}. S.V.A. 10, Ansaldo Two-seat version of the {S.V.A.5}. Type: S.V.A. 10 Function: reconnaissance bomber Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 250hp Isotta-Fraschini Speed: 207km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: --T-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tebaldi-Zara (Breda) Unusual sesquiplane fighter. The upper wing was fitted to the top of the fuselage; the lower wing was connected to the fuselage by a streamlined fairing. The lower wing incorporated the axis of the main wheels, which were of unusual large diameter. Breda bought the design and developed it further, but the Italian air force showed no interest. One built. Type: Tebaldi-Zara Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS42 Wing Span: 9.00m Length: Height: Wing Area: 22.00m2 Empty Weight: 825kg Max.Weight: 1100kg Speed: 255km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.0hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Tornado, Panavia (M-GB&D&I-A-AFTR-S-N-J2) Multi-role aircraft developed and built in cooperation with Germany and Britain. It is a compact twin-engined variable- geometry aircraft. The Tornado was also the first production military aircraft with flight-by-wire controls. There are strike-attack (IDS), air defence (ADV) and electronic warfare (ECR) versions. The ADV has an elongated nose. The original contractors bought 933 aircraft, but production is still underway for Saudi-Arabia. The IDS version is considered a very effective attack aircraft, but the ADV has been critized because it is a long-range interceptor with little capacity for dogfights. British IDS Tornadoes will be upgraded to GR.4 configuration. The loss of six British Tornadoes during the 1992 Gulf War resulted in a storm of criticisim, most of it unjustified. Type: Tornado F.3 Function: fighter Year: 1986 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 8530kg Turbo-union RB199-34R Mk.104 Wing Span: 13.91m/8.60m Length: 18.08m Height: 5.95m Wing Area: 30.00m2/ Empty Weight: 14501kg Max.Weight: 27987kg Speed: 2333km/h Ceiling: 21335m Range: 3600km Armament: 1*g27mm msl Type: Tornado GR.1 Function: attack Year: 1982 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 71.4kN Turbo-union RB199-34R Mk.101 Wing Span: 13.90m/8.60m Length: 16.70m Height: 5.70m Wing Area: 30m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 27210kg Speed: 1480km/h Ceiling: 15240m Range: 3890km Armament: 2*g27mm 8980kg --U-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --V-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --W-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --X-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --Y-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --Z-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Z.501 Gabbiano, CANT The Z.501 was a single-engined flying boat, with long, complicated struts between the high-set wing and engine nacelle and the fuselage, but otherwise clean. It set some long-distance records in 1934 and 1935. Over 200 were in service in june 1940, but the number rapidly diminished because of the vulnerability of the Z.501. 454 built. Type: Z.501 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 1 * 900hp Isotta Fraschini Asso XI R2C15 Wing Span: 22.50m Length: 14.30m Height: 4.42m Wing Area: 62m2 Empty Weight: 3840kg Max.Weight: 7035kg Speed: 275km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 4830km Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm 640kg Z.504, CANT Reconnaissance flying boat. The Z.504 was a two-seat biplane, competing for orders with the {Ro.43}. No production. Type: Z.504 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 610hp Piaggio Stella IX Rc Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Z.506 Airone, CANT The Z.506 was an excellent three-engined floatplane of wooden construction, built in civil and military versions. A few flew in the Spanish civil war; one remained operational until 1956! 344 built. Type: Z.506B Function: torpedo bomber and reconnaissance Year: 1937 Crew: 5 Engines: 3 * 750hp Alfa Romeo 126 RC34 Wing Span: 26.50m Length: 19.25m Height: 7.40m Wing Area: 87m2 Empty Weight: 8300kg Max.Weight: 12300kg Speed: 365km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 2745km Armament: 1200kg 1*mg12.7mm 4*mg7.7mm Z.508, CANT Three-seat bomber/reconnaissance flying boat with a parasol wing. The single prototype was used to set distance and altitude records. Type: Z.508 Function: bomber / reconnaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 3 Engines: 3 * 840hp Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI RC40 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Z.509, CANT Development of the {Z.506} with 735kW Fiat A.80 engines. Z.511, CANT Transport seaplane, one built. Type: Z.511 Function: transport Year: 1940 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 1100kW Piaggio P.XII RC35 Speed: 424km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 5100km Load: 16 seats Z.1007 Alcione, CANT Landplane development of the {Z.506}. This was a three-engined medium bomber of wooden construction, built both with twin and single tail fins. The major production version, Z.1007bis, was a complete redesign with only configurational similarity to the Z.1007 prototype. The Z.1007bis was used extensively in the Mediterranean, and also for one attack on Britain. Production of the last model, Z.1007ter, was limited. Total production was 564. Type: Z.1007bis Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 5 Engines: 3 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI RC40 Wing Span: 24.80m Length: 18.35m Height: 5.22m Wing Area: 75m2 Empty Weight: 9395kg Max.Weight: 13620kg Speed: 465km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 2350km Armament: 2000kg 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm Z.1011, CANT Twin-engined medium bomber. Only five prototypes were built before the air force changed its mind and bought the {Z.1007}. The Z.1011 was then used as a staff transport. Type: Z.1011 Function: bomber / transport Year: 1937 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1240kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI RC15 Speed: 350km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: Armament: 5*mg Z.1012, CANT Type: Z.1012 Function: transport Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 3 * 125kW Alfa Romeo 115 Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1000km Armament: Z.1014, CANT Design for a long-range bomber. Z.1015, CANT Development of the {Z.1007} with 1500hp Piaggio P.XII RC35 engines. Few built. Z.1018 Leone, CANT Twin-engined medium bomber. An elegant, well-streamlined aircraft that was the last CANT. A fighter version and a torpedo bomber were never built. 17 completed. Type: Z.1018 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1350hp Piaggio P.XII RC35 Speed: 524km/h Ceiling: 7250m Range: 1335km Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm 2000kg -----------------------------------------------------------------------------