------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version of 4 July 1997 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --0-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 03-10225, Focke-Wulf Projected long-range bomber, a twin-boom design with four 1600hp BMW 801D engines. Speed 580km/h, range 9050km with 3000kg of bombs, defensive armament four 30mm, one 20mm, four 15mm and four 13mm guns. Not built. --A-------------------------------------------------------------------------- A.1, Alter The Alter A.1 was a biplane, strongly inspired by the French {Nieuport 11}. It was rejected as inadequately robust. Type: A I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Goebel Goe II Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 510kg Speed: 177km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm A 20, Focke-Wulf Single-engined, high-wing transport aircraft, reminescent of the Fokker designs. A few were used as reconnaissance aircraft by the secret German air force at Fili, in Russia. Ae.607, Blohm und Voss Project for a jet fighter, 1945. The Ae.607 design had a flat fuselage, swept wings and no tail. The jet engines were fed by an oval nose intake. The cockpit was placed left of the centreline. Wing span 7.09m; armed with three 30mm cannon. A.E.G. B I Reconnaissance biplane. 100hp Mercedes engine, 1914. A.E.G. B II Refined {A.E.G. B I}, smaller and more maneuvrable. It was of minor importance, few being used by combat units. Type: B II Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80kW Mercedes Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: A.E.G. B III Development of the {A.E.G. B II}. A.E.G. C I Armed version of the {A.E.G. B II}. Type: C I Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 112kW Benz Bz III Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: A.E.G. C II Smaller derivative of the {A.E.G. C I}. Type: C II Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 112kW Benz Bz III Speed: 138km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: A.E.G. C III The {A.E.G. C III} reconnaissance biplane had a deep fuselage that completely filled the gap between the upper and lower wings. Unsuccessful. 1915. A.E.G. C IV Reconnaissance biplane that served until 1918. It was a development of the {A.E.G. C II} with a larger wing span. The C IV was extremely robust and very reliable. The C IVN was a night bomber. Type: C IV Function: reconnaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 158km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4h Armament: 2*mg b90kg A.E.G. C V Version of the {A.E.G. C IV} with 164kW Mercedes engine. One built. A.E.G. C VI Reconnaissance biplane. 149kW Benz Bz IV engine. A.E.G. C VII Reconnaissance biplane. 119kW Mercedes D III engine. A.E.G. C VIII Development of the {A.E.G. C IV}. One biplane and one triplane prototype. Powered by a 119kW Mercedes D III engine. A.E.G. D I Single-seat biplane fighter, flown in 1917. Production orders were cancelled after two prototypes crashed. Three built. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Daimler D IIIa Wing Span: 8.50m Length: 6.10m Height: 2.65m Wing Area: 16.14m2 Empty Weight: 685km/h Max.Weight: 940kg Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm A.E.G. DJ I Armoured ground-attack fighter, 1918. The {A.E.G. DJ I} was a clean biplane constructed mainly of light alloys. Testing of three prototypes was underway when WWI ended. Type: DJ I Function: fighter / attack Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 145kW Benz Bz IIIB Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.69m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1182kg Max.Weight: 1375kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm A.E.G. Dr I Triplane development of the {A.E.G. D I} biplane. It performed poorly, and there was no production. Type: Dr I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Daimler D IIIa Wing Span: 9.40m Length: 6.10m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 710kg Max.Weight: 970kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm A.E.G. G I Bomber, powered by two 75kW Mercedes D I engines. It had a low performance. A.E.G. G II Development of the {A.E.G. G I} with 112kW Benz Bz III engines. A few were used operationally. A.E.G. G III Development of the {A.E.G. G II} with 164kW Mercedes D IV engines. Limited service use. A.E.G. G IV Development of the {A.E.G. G III}. Twin-engined bomber, designed as a long-range bomber but employed mostly for tactical attacks, because of its inferiority to the Gotha and Friedrichshafen bombers. Approx 400 built. Type: G IV Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 191kW Mercedes D IVa Speed: 166km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 4h 30m Armament: 2*mg b350kg A.E.G. G V Improved {A.E.G. G IV}. The G V appeared in 1918. Some were later used as passenger transports. Type: G V Function: bomber Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 260hp Mercedes D IVa Speed: 145km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 8h Armament: 2-3*mg A.E.G. J I Ground support biplane, a development of the {A.E.G. C IV}. Used pending availability of purpose-designed army-cooperation aircraft. Type: J I Function: attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Benz Bz IV Speed: 94mph Ceiling: 14760ft Range: 2h 30m Armament: 3*mg A.E.G. J II Development of the {A.E.G. J I} with redesigned control surfaces. Total production of J I and J II was 609. Some were later converted to airliners. A.E.G. K I Renamed {A.E.G. G I}. A.E.G. N I Single-engined night bombing biplane. 37 were built. A.E.G. PE Single-seat armoured ground attack fighter. The PE was a triplane, built mainly of light alloys. It was rejected because it performance was insufficient for fighter-vs-fighter combat. One built. Type: PE Function: ground attack fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 195hp Benz Bz IIIb Wing Span: 11.20m Length: 6.60m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1182kg Max.Weight: 1412kg Speed: 166km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm A.G.O. C I Biplane, with twin tail booms and a pusher engine. A.G.O. C II Biplane with twin tail booms and a pusher engine. The C II was fast, maneuvrable, easy to fly and had a (for the time) very long range. Type: C II Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 160kW Benz Bz IV Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 580km Armament: 1*mg A.G.O. C III Development of the {A.G.O. C II} with Mercedes D III engine. No production. A.G.O. C IV Conventional biplane. The {A.G.O. C IV} was a good reconnaissance aircraft, but it wasn't built in quantity because of its complicated construction. 70 built. Type: C IV Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 164kW Benz Bz IV Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: 4h Armament: 2*mg A.G.O. C VII Development of the {A.G.O. C IV}. No production. A.G.O. C VIII Version of the {A.G.O. C VII} with Mercedes D IV engine. No production. A.G.O. DV 3 Unarmed single-seat biplane. One built. Type: DV 3 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Oberursel Ur I Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: Range: A.G.O. S I Single-seat ground attack aircraft. Albatros B I Reconnaissance biplane. Sturdy construction was one of its few advantages. Type: B I Function: reconnaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Mercedes Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros B II Biplane reconnaissance aircraft designed by E. Heinkel. After 1915 the B II was used as trainer. Type: B II Function: reconnaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75kW Mercedes Speed: 105km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 4h Armament: Albatros C I Development of the {Albatros B II} with a more powerful engine and a gun for the observer. Type: C I Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 119kW Mercedes D III Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros C II Pusher biplane. 150hp Benz Bz III engine. No production. Albatros C III Reconnaissance biplane, development of the {Albatros B III}. Type: C III Function: reconnaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 141km/h Ceiling: 3380m Range: 4h Armament: 1-2*mg b90kg Albatros C IV Development of the {Albatros C III} with redesigned wing. One built. Albatros C V Complete redesign of the {Albatros C III}, with better streamlining and a more powerful, but troublesome, engine. Approx 400 built. Type: C V Function: reconnaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220hp Mercedes Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 5180m Range: Armament: 2*mg 180kg Albatros C VII Development of the {Albatros C V}. An excellent aircraft that was in service until 1917. Type: C VII Function: reconnaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Benz Bz IV Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 3h 20m Armament: 2*mg Albatros C VIII Long-range reconnaissance biplane. Type: C VIII Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros C IX Curious two-seat reconnaissance biplane, with swept wings and no central struts. 1917. Three built. Albatros C X Reconnaissance biplane. 300 built. Type: C X Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Mercedes IVa Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: 3h 25m Armament: 2*mg Albatros C XII Reconnaissance biplane, a redesigned {Albatros C X} with a new fuselage, based on the elliptical fuselage of the Albatros D fighters. Performance was not improved. Type: C XII Function: reconnaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Mercedes IVa Speed: 176km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 3h 15m Armament: 2*mg Albatros C XV Development of the {Albatros C XII}. 1918. Albatros D I The D I was designed as a two-gun fighter. The Albatros D fighters had streamlined, drop-shaped fuselages and powerful liquid-cooled engines. The D I and the {Albatros D II} won the air superiority back from the {D.H.2} and {Nieuport 17}. 50 built before production switched to the D II. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 8.50m Length: 7.40m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 22.90m2 Empty Weight: 645kg Max.Weight: 898kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 17000ft Range: 1h 30min Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Albatros D II Development of the {Albatros D I} with improved forward vision. Type: D II Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Daimler D III Wing Span: 8.50m Length: 7.40m Height: 2.59m Wing Area: 24.50m2 Empty Weight: 637kg Max.Weight: 888kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Albatros D III The Albatros fighters gained the air superiority for the Germans in the 1916-1917 period. They were biplanes with streamlined fuselages and powerful liquid-cooled engines. The D III had a new wing with V-struts instead of the conventional paired struts of the {Albatros D I} and {Albatros D II}. Although performance was improved, the wing proved to be a weak point, and numerous D.IIIs were lost when the wing structure failed. 446 built. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Mercedes D IIIa Wing Span: 9.04m Length: 7.33m Height: 2.98m Wing Area: 20.50m2 Empty Weight: 661kg Max.Weight: 886kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 2h Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Albatros D IV Development of the {Albatros D III} with a geared engine and new wings. No production. Albatros D V The D V was an improved {Albatros D III}, but in fact its performance had improved only marginally. The D V did not have to superiority over its adversaries that the D III had enjoyed, and had the same problems weak wing construction. Quantity production tried to compensate this. Type: D V Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Mercedes IIIa Wing Span: 9.04m Length: 7.33m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 21.20m2 Empty Weight: 687kg Max.Weight: 937kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 20000ft Range: 2hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Albatros D VI The D VI seemed to be a step back, because this fighter was was a twin-boom pusher biplane. It was flown only once before it was abandoned. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Daimler D IIIa Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 7.75m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 638kg Max.Weight: 880kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g20mm 1*mg7.92mm Albatros D VII This was similar to earlier Albatros fighters, but powered by the 195hp Benz Bz IIIb engine. The performance was not enough improved for further development. One built. Type: D VII Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 195hp Benz Bz IIIb Wing Span: 9.32m Length: 6.61m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 630kg Max.Weight: 885kg Speed: 204km/h Ceiling: Range: 2hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Albatros D IX The D IX had wings similar to those of the {Albatros D VII}, but the fuselage was new, with flat sides and bottom. It had insufficient performance; development was halted. Type: D IX Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Daimler D IIIa Wing Span: 10.40m Length: 6.65m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 677kg Max.Weight: 897kg Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Albatros D X The D X was similar to the {Albatros D IX}, but powered by a Benz engine. Prototypes only. Type: D X Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 195hp Benz Bz IIIbo Wing Span: 9.84m Length: 6.18m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 666kg Max.Weight: 905kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Albatros D XI Two built. The D XI was a biplane fighter with a rotation engine, breaking the Albatros tradition of liquid-cooled engines. It also dispensed with wire wing bracing, having single I struts between the wings. Two built. Type: D XI Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Siemens-Halske Wing Span: 8.00m Length: 5.58m Height: Wing Area: 18.5m2 Empty Weight: 494kg Max.Weight: 723kg Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Albatros D XII Biplane fighter. The D XII used a fuselage similar to that of the {Albatros D X}. It flew with Daimler and BMW engines. One built. Type: D XII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Daimler D IIIa Wing Span: 8.20m Length: 5.87m Height: Wing Area: 19.84m2 Empty Weight: 580kg Max.Weight: 760kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: 1hrs Armament: Albatros Dr I Triplane fighter, using an {Albatros D V} fuselage and new wings. It offered no advantage over the D V, and was abandoned. 1917. Albatros Dr II Triplane fighter, based on the {Albatros D X}, with new wings. One built. Type: Dr II Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 145kW Benz IVB Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.18m Height: Wing Area: 26.6m2 Empty Weight: 676kg Max.Weight: 915kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Albatros G I Prototype only. Type: G I Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: Engines: 4 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros G II Smaller development of the {Albatros G I}. Few built. Type: G II Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: Engines: 2 * 110kW Benz Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros G III Twin-engined medium bomber, developed from the {Albatros G II}. Few built. Albatros J I The J I used the wings of the {Albatros C XII} with a new, armoured fuselage. It was a popular ground-attack aircraft towards the end of WWI. Type: J I Function: attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150kW Benz Bz IV Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 3*mg Albatros J II Improved {Albatros J I}. Few built. Albatros W 2 Naval fighter development of the {Albatros C III}. One built. Albatros W 4 A floatplane development of the {Albatros D II}. 128 built. They were active until the last months of WWI. Type: W 4 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 8.26m Height: 3.65m Wing Area: 31.60m2 Empty Weight: 790kg Max.Weight: 1070kg Speed: 161km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 3h Armament: 2*mg Albatros W 5 Twin-engined torpedo bomber seaplane. 1917. Albatross, Grumman HU-16 The H{U-16} is an US-built search-and-rescue amphibian. Eight were in German service. Alouette II, Aerospatiale SA 314 and SA 318 The {Alouette II} is a small French observation and utility helicopter. Germany is one of its many users. An-26, Antonov Twelve ex-DDR Antonov {An-26} transport aircraft continue in service with the forces of the reunited Germany. Alpha Jet, Dornier/Dassault-Breguet French/German jet trainer and strike aircraft. That is, the French version is a trainer, and the German one is primarly a strike aircraft, replacing the Fiat {G.91}. The Alpha Jet is a twin-engined aircraft with a high-set, moderately swept wing. Type: Alpha Jet A Function: trainer / strike Year: 1977 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1350kg SNECMA/Turbomeca Lazrac O4-C5 Wing Span: 9.11m Length: 13.23m Height: 4.33m Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: 3515kg Max.Weight: 8000kg Speed: M0.86 Ceiling: 15000m Range: 2780km Armament: 1*g27mm 2500kg Ar 64, Arado Single-seat biplane fighter of mixed construction, developed from the {Arado SD II} and {Arado SD III}. Most producted aircraft had a Siemens-built Jupiter radial engine, in geared or ungeared versions. There was a small production for the then-illegal German air force. Type: Ar 64 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 395kW Siemens Jupiter VI Wing Span: 9.90m Length: 7.82m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1245kg Max.Weight: 1670kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Ar 65, Arado Biplane fighter, introduced in 1931 and used alongside the radial- engined {Ar 64}. The Luftwaffe got 85 of them, and did give 12 to Bulgaria in 1937. Type: Ar 65e Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 550kW BMW VI 7.3 Wing Span: 11.20m Length: 8.40m Height: 3.42m Wing Area: 30.00m2 Empty Weight: 1510kg Max.Weight: 1930kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 7600m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Ar 66, Arado The Ar 66 equipped flying schools from 1933 until into WWII. Over 6000 were built, maybe even 10000. Some were used as night harassments bombers on the eastern front. Type: Ar 66C Function: trainer / liaison Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 180kW Argus As10C Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 715km Armament: Ar 67, Arado Biplane fighter. The Ar 67 was smaller than the {Ar 65}, and was powered by a Rolls-Royce Kestrel engine. The {Ar 68} was preferred. One built. Type: AR 67 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 640hp Rolls-Royce Kestrel VI Wing Span: 9.68m Length: 7.90m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 25.06m2 Empty Weight: 1270kg Max.Weight: 1660kg Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Ar 68, Arado The last biplane fighter of the Luftwaffe. The Ar 68 partly replaced the {He 51}, but was not a very good fighter. It was just much better than the mediocre He 51. During WWII they were used as trainers, and a few operated a short period as night fighters. Type: Ar 68E-1 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 510kW Junkers Jumo 210Da Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 9.50m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1600kg Max.Weight: 2020kg Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 8100m Range: 500km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm 6*b10kg Ar 76, Arado The Ar 76 was a lightweight home-defence fighter and advanced trainer. Few were built, preference being given to the {Fw 56}. Type: Ar 76A Function: fighter / trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150kW Argus As 10C-1 Speed: 267km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: Armament: 1-2*mg7.9mm 3*b10kg Ar 79, Arado Low-wing cabin monoplane. Type: Ar 79 Function: liaison Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80kW Hirth HM 504A-2 Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 1025km Armament: Ar 80, Arado Single-seat fighter, a monoplane with fixed landing gear. Production aircraft would have had retractable landing gear. The Ar 80 had a disappointing performance, and the Luftwaffe preferred the {Bf 109}. Five built. Type: Ar 80V3 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 440kW Junkers Jumo 210C Wing Span: 11.80m Length: 10.10m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 21.00m2 Empty Weight: 1645kg Max.Weight: 2100kg Speed: 425km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Ar 81, Arado Biplane dive bomber with a better performance than the early {Ju 87}, with which it competed. But it did appear at a time when biplanes were considered obsolete. Three were built, all with different tail configurations; the V3 was considered satisfactory. Type: Ar 81V3 Function: dive bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 470kW Junkers Jumo 210Ca Wing Span: 11.20m Length: 11.65m Height: 3.57m Wing Area: 35.6m2 Empty Weight: 1925kg Max.Weight: 3070kg Speed: 345km/h Ceiling: 7700m Range: 790km Armament: 1*mg 7.9mm MG 17 fixed; 1*mg 7.92mm MG 15 flexible; 1*b 250kg Ar 95, Arado The Ar 95 began life as a torpedo-bomber floatplane. It was a biplane powered by a radial engine, with exception of he V2 prototype which had a Junkers Jumo 210Ca engine. Three were sent to Spain, but too late to enter combat; the Spanish used them until 1948. The Luftwaffe did not adopt the Ar 95, but some aircraft built for Turkey were seized at the outbreak of war. Type: Ar 95A-1 Function: reconnaissance / torpedo-bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 650kW BMW 132 Dc Wing Span: 12.50m Length: 11.10m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3570kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 7300m Range: 1095km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 700kg Ar 96, Arado Advanced trainer monoplane. At least 11546 built during WWII, and production continued in Czechoslovakia until 1948. Type: Ar 96B-5 Function: trainer / liaison Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 360kW Argus As 10MA-1 Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 990km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm Ar 195, Arado This was a development of the {Ar 95} with wheeled landing gear, for carrier use. The biplane design was obsolete, and only three were built. Type: Ar 195 Function: reconnaissance / torpedo bomber Year: 1937 Crew: Engines: 1 * BMW 132M Wing Span: 12.50m Length: 10.50m Height: 3.60m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3745kg Speed: 282km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ar 196, Arado The Ar 196 was a low-wing floatplane designed as shipboard catapult aircraft. It was standard equipment on large German warships. Later a heavier version was produced for shore-based duties, both reconnaissance and anti-shipping operations. The Ar 196 was a reliable aircraft with good flying characteristics. 546 were built. There was also a B-model, which had a large central floats instead of twin floats, but this was very rare. Type: Ar 196A-3 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 710kW BMW 132K Wing Span: 12.40m Length: 11.00m Height: 4.45m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3730kg Speed: 310km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1070km Armament: 3-2*mg7.9mm 2*g20mm 100kg Ar 197, Arado Biplane fighter, a development of the {Ar 68} intended for use on aircraft carriers. The first prototypa had a DB 600 engine, the two others had a BMW 132 radial. There was no production, as the Ar 197 would have been totally obselete when the planned carriers were ready. Type: Ar 197V3 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 880hp BMW 132Dc Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 9.20m Height: 3.60m Wing Area: 27.8m2 Empty Weight: 1840kg Max.Weight: 2475kg Speed: 400km/h Ceiling: Range: 695km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.9mm 4*b50kg Ar 198, Arado reconnaissance aircraft, a single-engined mid-wing design. The Luftwaffe initially preferred the Ar 198 over the unconventional {Fw 189} and {Bv 141}, but the type had disappointing handling and performance. Prototype only. Ar 231, Arado The Ar 231 was a small reconnaissance floatplane, build in easily detachable sections, to be stored on an U-boat. The Ar 231 was a parasol-wing design, but for easier storage the right wing was attached lower than the left wing, and the center section was angled. The Ar 231 could be stored in six minutes, but performance and handling were bad. Six built. Type: Ar 231V1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Hirth HM501 Wing Span: 10.18m Length: 7.81m Height: 3.12m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1050kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 500km Ar 232, Arado Transport aircraft. The Ar 232 had a short fuselage with large aft loading doors; a slender boom carried the tail surfaces. It was known as 'Tausendfussler' (centipede) because of the multi-wheeled undercarriage used for loading; conventional tricycle landing gear was used for take-off and landing. 22 were built. The first two prototypes were twin-engined. Type: Ar 232B-0 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 4 * 880kW BMW-Bramo 323R-2 Fafnir Speed: 307km/h Ceiling: 6900m Range: 1335km Armament: 1*g20mm 2-3*mg13mm Load: 4580kg Ar 234 Blitz, Arado The Ar 234 was the world's first jet bomber. It was a fairly orthodox, but very clean, high-wing design with a fully glazed nose. The prototypes and A-series aircraft used a trolley for take-off and had ski landing gear, but later aircraft had a wheeled undercarriage. Because of its high speed, the Ar 234 was the only German aircraft that could fly reconnaissance or bombing missions in 1945. A few were converted to nightfighters. Despite its high speed, most of the B-version aircraft had fixed, backward-firing 20mm cannon in the tail.The experimental Ar 234C had four engines. The Ar 234 was a very effective aircraft, but too late to have a large impact on the war. 274 built. Type: Ar 243B-2 Function: bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 900kg Junkers Jumo 004B Wing Span: 14.41m Length: 12.64m Height: 4.29 Wing Area: 26.40m2 Empty Weight: 5200kg Max Weight: 9800kg Speed: 740km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1630km Armament: 2*g20mm 1500kg Ar 240, Arado The Ar 240 was an angular twin-engined fighter and reconnaissance aircraft. It had good performance, but handling characteristics were unacceptably bad. The Arado factory never managed to cure the faults of the advanced Ar 240 twin-engined fighter. Some were nevertheless used by the Luftwaffe, but in all the Ar 240 was a waste of time and money. An unusual feature were the ducted spinners for the engine cooling, and two remote-controlled barbettes with four machine guns on some aircraft. 15 built. Type: Ar 240C-2 Function: nightfighter Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1300kW Daimler-Benz DB603A-2 Wing Span: 16.60m Length: 13.35m Height: 3.95m Wing Area: 35.00m2 Empty Weight: 9253kg Max.Weight: 12837kg Speed: 675km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: 1870km Armament: 4*g20mm 4*mg13mm 1800kg Ar 296, Arado Development of the {Ar 96}. Not built. Ar 340, Arado Project for a high-altitude bomber. Abandoned in 1940. Ar 381 Kleinstjager, Arado This was a project for a small rocket-propelled interceptor, with the pilotlying prone. Ar 396, Arado Development of the {Ar 96}. Production continued in France after WWII. Type: Ar 396 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 425kW Argus As 411A-1 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ar 432, Arado Mixed-contruction version of the {Ar 232}. Ar 440, Arado Development of the {Ar 240}, abandoned on favour of the {Do 335}. Four built. Arado SD.I Biplane fighter. 1928. Arado SD.II Biplane fighter. 1929. Arado SD.III Biplane fighter. 1929. Arado SSD.I Seaplane version of the {SD.I}. AT-2000, Daimler-Benz Design for an advanced supersonic jet trainer. The AT-2000 would use large amounts of composite construction, and be equipped with an advanced control system including thrust vectoring. 1996. Type: AT-2000 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Eurojet EJ200 Wing Span: 7.8m Length: 13.19m Height: 4.5m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Mach 1.8 Ceiling: Range: Armament: Atlantic, Breguet The {Atlantic} is a French twin-engined ASW aircraft. Germany ordered 24. Aviatik B I Unarmed reconnaissance biplane. The observer sat in the front cockpit. The observer often carried a pistol or rifle. Some were fitted with machineguns, but the observer had to leave his cockpit to fire it! Aviatik B II Biplane reconnaissance aircraft. The observer sat in front of the pilot, and had a gun form 1915 onwards. The B II was smaller and had a better performance than the {Aviatik B I}. Type: B II Function: reconnaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 88kW Mercedes D II Speed: 100km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 3h Armament: Aviatik C I Development of the {Aviatik B II}. The observer was seated in front of the pilot, a practice that was reversed in later versions. Type: C I Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes DIII Speed: 143km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2*mg Aviatik C II Refined {Aviatik C I}. Aviatik C III Refined {Aviatik C I}. Aviatik C V Reconnaissance biplane with 'gulled' upper wing and a 180hp Args As III engine. No production. Aviatik C VIII Reconnaissance biplane, 1917. 160hp Mercedes D III engine. No production. Aviatik C IX Reconnaissance biplane, 1918. 200hp Benz engine. Two built. Aviatik D I License-built {Halberstadt D II}. Aviatik D II Single-seat fighter biplane. One built. Type: D II Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Daimler D III Wing Span: 8.84m Length: 6.82m Height: 2.87m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Aviatik D III Single-seat biplane fighter. The D III was of mixed construction, with a plywood-covered fuselage. A small series was built, and considered superior to the {Albatros D V}. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 195hp Benz Bz IIIbo Wing Span: 9.0m Length: Height: Wing Area: 21.0m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 864kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Aviatik D IV Development of the {Aviatik D III}. Probably never flown. Aviatik D V Biplane fighter. Probably never flown. Aviatik D VI Single-seat fighter biplane of 1918, of wooden construction. The D VI was an excellent aicraft, but the The design was overtaken by the {Aviatik D VII}. One built. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1* Benz Bz IIIbm Wing Span: 9.66m Length: 6.10m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 750kg Max.Weight: 940kg Speed: 188km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Aviatik D VII Single-seat biplane fighter, a development of the {Aviatik D VI} with new tail surfaces. One built, flown in October 1918. Type: D VII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Benz Bz IIIbm Wing Span: 9.66m Length: 6.10m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 745kg Max.Weight: 945kg Speed: 192km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Aviatik G I Twin-engined biplane bomber. 230hp Benz engines. No production. --B-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ba 349 Natter, Bachem The Ba 349 was a small, partly-expendable rocket-engined fighter. It was launched from a vertical ramp. The pilot was to attack a bomber formation with the rockets in the nose of the little aircraft. After a descent to about 1400m, the Natter broke up and the pilot and engine were to be recovered by parachute. Only tests flights were made, but the Ba 349 was put on operational status in April 1945. 36 built. Type: Ba 349B-1 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2000kg Walter HWK 509C-1 4 * 1200kg Schmiddling 533 Wing Span: 4.00m Length: 6.02m Height: 2.25m Wing Area: 4.70m2 Empty Weight: 1095kg Max.Weight: 2270kg Speed: 997km/h Ceiling: 14000m Range: 58km Armament: 24*r73mm or 33*r55mm Bauer In 1763 Melchior Bauer designed the first 'bomber'. It was to carry a pilot and 45kg of bombs; the pilot was to flap the two wings. Bell 47 Germany bought 45 of this US helicopter, known by the US military as the {H-13}. They remained in service for 17 years. Bf 108 Taifun, Messerschmitt This cabin monoplane shared many characteristics of the {Bf 109} fighter. It was a cabin monoplane of advanced design. 887 were built until the end of WWII, postwar production in France not included. Type: Bf 108B Function: trainer / liaison Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 175kW Argus As 10C Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 8.30m Height: 2.30m Wing Area: 16.40m2 Empty Weight: 880kg Max.Weight: 1385kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 950km Armament: 3 seats Bf 109, Messerschmitt The Bf 109 was the Luftwaffe's standard fighter throughout WWII, and the production of the Bf 109 was larger than that of any other fighter. It was a quite revolutionary design, the smallest aircraft that could be built around a powerful engine. Advantages were good performance and handling, and a simple construction; disadvantages were restricted vision, bad landing characteristics, and the inability to carry heavy armament without adverse affects on handling. The B, C and D models were powered by the Jumo 210 engine, the Bf 109E introduced the more powerful DB 601. The Bf 109E was one of the best fighters in the world, on a par with the Spitfire. The Bf 109F introduced aerodynamic refinements, including a new wing with a higher aspect ratio. Often considered the best Bf 109, the F was a fine fighter with limited armament. The Bf 109G with the DB 605 engine featured more powerful armament, but suffered from detoriated handling. The K was the last series-produced model. Some extreme developments, elongated, with longer wings and high-altitude engines, never reached service. Projects to replace the 109 all failed. Approx 35000 were built. Czechoslovakaia and Spain continued production of developments after WWII. Type: Bf 109C-1 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 730hp Jumo 210Ga Wing Span: 9.87m Length: 8.55m Height: 2.45m Wing Area: 16.17m2 Empty Weight: 1597kg Max.Weight: 2296kg Speed: 470km/h Ceiling: Range: 625km Armament: 4*mg7.9mm Type: Bf 109E-3 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 865kW Daimler-Benz DB601Aa Wing Span: 9.87m Length: 8.64m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 16.17m2 Empty Weight: 1900kg Max.Weight: 2665kg Speed: 560km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: 660km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.9mm Type: Bf 109G-10 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1080kW Daimler-Benz DB605AM Speed: 620km/h Ceiling: 11150m Range: 1000km Armament: 1*g30mm 2*mg13mm Bf 109TL, Messerschmitt This was a twin-engined jet fighter design that used parts of the {Me 155}, {Me 309}, {Me 409} and {Bf 109}. It was drawn up as a backup for the {Me 262} and quickly abandoned. Bf 109Z, Messerschmit Two {Bf 109} fuselages joined by a new central wing were the basis for the Bf 109Z (Zwiling, twin). The prototype was destroyed by air attack before it could be flown. The project was discontinued because the {Me 262} held more promise. Type: Bf 109Z-1 Function: fighter Year: (1942) Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * Speed: 743km/h Ceiling: 11700m Range: Armament: 8*g30mm Bf 110, Messerschmitt The Bf 110 was a heavy twin-engined fighter, designed for fighter-bomber, bomber-interceptor, and escort fighter missions. Its use as escort fighter during the Battle of Britain was disastrous, because the Bf 110 was too vulnerable in a dogfight with single-engined fighters. Hence the Bf 110 acquired a poor reputation. But it had a good record as interceptor, fighter-bomber and especially as nightfighter. 6100 built. Type: Bf 110C-4 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 2 * 821kW Daimler-Benz DB601A-1 Wing Span: 16.27m Length: 12.65m Height: 3.5m Wing Area: 38.40m2 Empty Weight: 5200kg Max.Weight: 6750kg Speed: 560km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1120km Armament: 5*g7.9mm 2*g20mm Bf 161, Messerschmitt Reconnaissance version of the {Bf 110}, with a new nose. Development was abandoned when it was understood that much simpler modifications of the Bf 110 would do the job. Bf 162, Messerschmitt Unsuccessful competitor for the {Ju 88}, superficially resembling the {Bf 110}, but with a new fuselage, incorporating a glazed nose. The Bf 162 was part of a propaganda effort, but never entered production. Bf 163, Messerschmitt High-wing STOL monoplane, a design competing with the {Fi 156} and similar in layout. One built. BFW CL I Two-seat reconnaissance fighter, a biplane designed for simplicity of construction. The angular CL I had a performance much inferior to that the of the {Halberstadt CL V}. One built. Type: CL I Function: fighter / reconnaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 10.62m Length: 7.81m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm BFW CL II This originally was the second prototype of the {BFW CL I}, but it was reengined. One built. Type: CL II Function: fighter / reconnaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 175hp MAN Mana III Wing Span: 10.62m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: BFW CL III This was a redesign of the {BFW CL I}. It had longer-span wings and a more powerful engine. One built. Type: CL III Function: fighter / reconnaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Benz Bz IV Wing Span: 11.54m Length: 7.81m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: BFW CL IV Development of the {BFW CL III}. Not built. Bo 46, MBB Experimental helicopter. 1962. Three built. Bo 105, MBB Utility and anti-tank helicopter, a small twin-engined design. Well over 1300 were built for a large number of civilian and military customers -- the latter include Germany, Sweden, Nigeria, Canada, Iraq, Peru, Colombia, Spain, Chile, Mexico, and Indonesia. It has been license-built in Canada, Indonesia, and the Philippines. There are transport, reconnaissance, anti-tank, SAR and ASW versions. Production still continues. Type: Bo 105CB Function: utility Year: 1975 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 313kW Allison 250-C20B Rotor Span: 9.84m Length: 11.86m Height: 3m Disc Area: 76.05m2 Empty Weight: 1256kg Max.Weight: 2400kg Speed: 245km/h Ceiling: 5180m Range: 1000km Load: 4 seats Boeing 707 Four of this US airliner used as long-range and VIP transports. Brandenburg CC Fighter flying boat, a biplane with the typical 'star strut' arrangment of Brandenburg. 37 were sold to Austria-Hungary, and 36 to the German Navy. The CC proved to be an effective aircraft, but in 1917 there were some structural problems which required modifications. Type: CC Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Hiero Wing Span: 9.30m Length: 7.69m Height: 3.57m Wing Area: 26.52m2 Empty Weight: 800kg Max.Weight: 1080kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: 500km Armament: 1*mg8mm Brandenburg D I Single-seat biplane fighter. The D I was of mixed construction, and featured an unusual 'star' arrangment of the interplane struts. The D I was difficult to fly. A small number was also built in Austria, by Phoenix. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 8.50m Length: 6.35m Height: Wing Area: 23.95m2 Empty Weight: 672kg Max.Weight: 920kg Speed: 187km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g8mm Brandenburg KDW Seaplane fighter, designed by E. Heinkel for the defense of seaplane bases. The KDW was essentially a floatplane version of the {Brandenburg D I}, with slightly enlarged wings and tail surfaces. 146 built. Type: KDW Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Maybach MbIII Wing Span: 9.30m Length: 7.86m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 29.15m2 Empty Weight: 759kg Max.Weight: 1039kg Speed: 171km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 1-2*mg Brandenburg L 14 Biplane fighter, a derivative of the {Brandenburg D I}. Only two built. Type: L 14 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 200hp Hiero Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 7.05m Height: Wing Area: 25.28m2 Empty Weight: 740kg Max.Weight: 940kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg8mm Brandenburg L 16 Triplane fighter. Only a prototype was built. Type: L 16 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp Austro-Daimler Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 7.21m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 33.5m2 Empty Weight: 740kg Max.Weight: 935kg Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Brandenburg W 11 Two-seat floatplane, a derivative of the {Brandenburg KDW}. Only two were built. Type: W 11 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220hp Benz Bz IVa Wing Span: 10.10m Length: 8.10m Height: 3.32m Wing Area: 31.42m2 Empty Weight: 935kg Max.Weight: 1233kg Speed: 176km/h Ceiling: Range: 350km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Brandenburg W 12 Two-seat biplane, used for the defense of seaplane bases or reconnaissance. Typical for the W 12 design was the upward-sloping tail, with a rudder that protruded only below the fuselage. This gave the observer/gunner a free field of fire. The W 12 was a very maneuverable aircraft that could hold its own against single-seat fighters. 146 built. Type: W 12 Function: reconnaissance fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Wing Span: 11.2m Length: 9.60m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 36.2m2 Empty Weight: 997kg Max.Weight: 1454kg Speed: 161km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2-3*mg7.92mm Brandenburg W 16 Twin-float biplane fighter, intended to replace the {Brandenburg KDW}. The W 16 was a conventional biplane, but used a rotary engine instead of the liquid-cooled engine more common in other Brandenburg types. Three built. Type: W 16 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Oberursel U III Wing Span: 9.25m Length: 7.35m Height: 2.92m Wing Area: 21.35m2 Empty Weight: 636kg Max.Weight: 896kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: 2hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Brandenburg W 17 Flying boat fighter. The first prototype was a biplane, the second prototype a triplane. Neither was accepted for production. 1917. Brandenburg W 18 Single-seat flying boat fighter, replacing the {Brandenburg CC}. 47 were delivered to Austria-Hungary, and one to the German Navy. The W 18 was a biplane with a pusher engine. Type: W 18 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 200hp Hiero Wing Span: 10.70m Length: 8.15m Height: 3.45m Wing Area: 34.38m2 Empty Weight: 875kg Max.Weight: 1145kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg8mm Brandenburg W 19 Similar to the {Brandenburg W 12}, but much larger, to have a significantly larger endurance. The W 19 was often used to seek targets for the W 12. 58 built. Type: W 19 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 190kW Maybach Mb IV Wing Span: 13.80m Length: 10.65m Height: 4.10m Wing Area: 57.8m2 Empty Weight: 1435kg Max.Weight: 2005kg Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 5h Armament: 3*mg7.92mm Brandenburg W 20 See {Hansa-Brandenburg W 20}. Brandenburg W 23 Biplane fighter flying boat. The W 23 used the wings of the {Brandenburg W 18}, but the hull was refined. A fixed, forward-firing 20mm cannon was installed. Three prototypes were built. Flight characteristics were extremely disappointing. Type: W 23 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes Wing Span: 10.70m Length: 9.14m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 34.7m2 Empty Weight: 918kg Max.Weight: 1261kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.92mm 1*g20mm Brandenburg W 25 Float biplane fighter, the final development of the {Brandenburg KDW}, with a conventional strut arrangment. There was no longer an interest in single-seat fighter floatplanes, and the W 25 was abandoned. Type: W 25 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150hp Benz Bz III Wing Span: 1040m Length: 8.80m Height: 3.45m Wing Area: 36.53m2 Empty Weight: 918kg Max.Weight: 1182kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Brandenburg W 27 Development of the {Brandenburg W 12}, reengined and with smaller wings. It was abandoned in favour of the {Brandenburg W 29} monoplane. One built. Type: W 27 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 195 Benz Bz IIIbo Wing Span: 11.20m Length: 9.23m Height: 3.06m Wing Area: 36.06m2 Empty Weight: 1109kg Max.Weight: 1619kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.92mm Brandenburg W 29 Big two-seat monoplane fighter, on twin floats. The typical fuselage of the {Brandenburg W 12} was retained, and a wooden, fabric-covered monoplane wing was fitted. With good performance and seaworthiness, the W 29 was very successful in the last months of WWI. Production was resumed in Denmark in 1921, and it remained in service until 1931. Over 165 built. Type: W 29 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Benz Bz III Wing Span: 13.50m Length: 9.36m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 32.2m2 Empty Weight: 1000kg Max.Weight: 1494kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4hrs Armament: 2-3*mg Brandenburg W 32 Version of the {Brandenburg W 27} with a 160hp Mercedes D IIIa engine, developed concurrently. One built. Brandenburg W 33 Larger development of the {Brandenburg W 29}. Only a few W 33s entered service in the last months of 1918, but production was resumed after WWI in Norway and Finland. Over 160 built. Type: W 33 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Maybach M%b IVa Wing Span: 15.85m Length: 11.10m Height: 3.37m Wing Area: 44.0m2 Empty Weight: 1420kg Max.Weight: 2050kg Speed: 173km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.92mm Brandenburg W 34 Enlarged and more powerful development of the {Brandenburg W 33}. Only one built before the end of the war; several more were completed later. Type: W 34 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Basse und Selve BuS IVa Wing Span: 16.60m Length: 11.10m Height: Wing Area: 49.0m2 Empty Weight: 1534kg Max.Weight: 2270kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Bu 131 Jungmann, Bucker Biplane initial trainer, also used as night harassement bomber on the eastern front. Production continued postwar. Type: Bu 131 Function: trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 78kW Hirth HM 504A-2 Wing Span: 7.410m Length: 6.60m Height: 2.25m Wing Area: 13.50m Empty Weight: 390kg Max.Weight: 680kg Speed: 183km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 650km Bu 133 Jungmeister, Bucker The Bu 133 is an fully-aerobatic trainer biplane. It was based on the {Bu 131}, but was a single-seater with more powerful engine. Many are still flying. Type: Bu 133C Function: trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Siemens Sh 14A-4 Wing Span: 6.60m Length: 6.00m Height: 2.20m Wing Area: 12m2 Empty Weight: 425kg Max.Weight: 585kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 500km Armament: Bu 180 Student, Bucker Tandem-seat primary trainer. Bu 181 Bestmann, Bucker The Bu 181 was a cabin monoplane, used as trainer, liaison aircraft, glider tug and light transport. It was derived from the {Bu 180}. Postwar production continued in the Netherlands, Sweden, Czechoslovakia and Egypt. Type: Bu 181A Function: trainer Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 78kW Hirth HM 504A Wing Span: 10.60m Length: 7.85m Height: 2.05m Wing Area: 13.50m2 Empty Weight: 480kg Max.Weight: 750kg Speed: 215km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 800km Armament: Bv 40, Blohm und Voss The Bv 40 was a well-armoured glider interceptor, intended for diving head-on attacks on bomber formations. The concept was to offer as small as possible a target by reducing frontal area. Therefore designer Dr. Vogt dispensed with the engine, and designed a prone position for the pilot. Seven built. The idea was abandoned in 1944. Type: Bv 40A Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 0 * Wing Span: 7.90m Length: 5.70m Height: 1.63m Wing Area: 8.70m2 Empty Weight: 826kg Max.Weight: 950kg Speed: 900km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm MK 108 Bv 138, Blohm und Voss The Bv 138 flying boat had a clog-shaped fuselage with a high-set wing, the latter carrying twin tail booms. It had three diesel engines, two in the front of the tail booms and one above the cockpit. The A-series suffered from many problems, but in the C-series almost all problems had been cured. 279 were built. Type: Bv 138C-1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 5 Engines: 3 * 650kW Junkers Jumo 205D Wing Span: 27.00m Length: 19.90m Height: 6.60m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 14700kg Speed: 285km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4295km Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg13mm 0-1*mg7.9mm 300kg Bv 141, Blohm und Voss The Bv 141 was a very unusual, assymetric aircraft. The configuration was adopted to give excellent all-round view from a single-engine aircraft. An extensively glazed nacelle was fitted to the left of a slender tail boom. The Bv 141A (with symmetrical tailplane) was an excellent aircraft but the RLM rejected it as underpowered. The more powerful Bv 141B (with assymetrical tailplane) had some handling problems. Both types had hydraulical problems. Development was slow, and the {Fw 189} filled the requirement. Only 13 were built. Type: Bv 141B-0 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1560hp BMW 801A Wing Span: 17.46m Length: 13.95m Height: 3.60m Wing Area: 53.00m2 Empty Weight: 4700kg Max.Weight: 5700kg Speed: 370km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1200km Armament: 4*mg7.9mm 4*b50kg Bv 142, Blohm und Voss Landplane development of the pre-war {Ha 139} mailplane. It had the same inverted gull wing and twin tails fins, but retractable landing gear and radial engines. Two of the four aircraft built were converted to long-range reconnaissance aircraft, with a long transparant nose, a dorsal turret, and a belly gunner position. The fuselage was long and excessively slender, making communication between fore and aft crew stations difficult. The type saw little service. Four built. Type: Bv 142V2/U1 Function: reconnaissance / transport Year: 1939 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 650kW BMW 132H-1 Wing Span: 29.53m Length: 20.45m Height: 4.44m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 442km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 3900km Armament: 5*mg7.9mm 4*b100kg Bv 143, Blohm und Voss The Bv 143 was an early anti-ship missile. Launched as a glide bomb, it stabilized horizontally above the water, and then a rocket engine was started to hit the target just above water level. The mechanism to stabilize the Bv 143 was never perfected. Bv 144, Blohm und Voss High-wing transport built in occupied France, designed for Lufthansa after the war. The Bv 144 was a shoulder-wing aircraft. It had a variable incidence wing, turning round a tubular spar. Two were built, but only one made a few flights. Type: Bv 144 Function: transport Year: 1945 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1170kW BMW 810MA Wing Span: 26.9m Length: 21.81m Height: 5.1m Wing Area: 89.4m2 Empty Weight: 7588kg Max.Weight: 13103kg Speed: 470km/h at 4500m Ceiling: Range: Load: 18-23 seats, 1530kg Bv 155, Blohm und Voss Development of the {Me 155}. The Bv 155 was an ugly, but effective high-altitude fighter with a long-span laminar flow wing and a turbosupercharged engine. The V1, V2 and V3 prototypes were outwardly very different, mainly by relocation of the radiators. The final Bv 155C had the cooling systems under the nose. A contract for 30 production aircraft was issued in the finals days of WWII. Type: Bv 155V2 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1185kW Daimler-Benz DB603A Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 690km/h Ceiling: 16950m Range: Armament: Bv 222 Wiking, Blohm und Voss The Bv 222 was a big flying boat, the largest to see service in WWII. It was a six-engined shoulder wing aircraft, originally designed for a transatlantic passenger service. The Bv 222 had a revolutionary hull with a 8.5:1 length/beam ratio, and split retractable stabilizing floats. Only 13 were built; they were operated as transports and later as maritime patrol aircraft. Type: Bv 222C Function: transport / reconnaissance Year: 1943 Crew: 11 Engines: 6 * 740kW Junkers Jumo 207C Wing Span: 46m Length: 37m Height: 10.90m Wing Area: 255m2 Empty Weight: 30650kg Max.Weight: 49000kg Speed: 390km/h Ceiling: 7300m Range: 6100km Armament: 3*g20mm 5*mg13mm Load: 110 seats Bv 237, Blohm und Voss Fighter/bomber project, derived from the {Bv 141}, cancelled in 1944. The project planned single-seat fighters and two-seat dive-bombers. A mixed-power version was planned. Type: Bv 237 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700hp BMW 801D Wing Span: 14.46m Length: 10.5m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 6678kg Speed: 579km/h Ceiling: Range: 2000km Armament: 2*g30mm 2*g20mm 2*g13.2mm Bv 238, Blohm und Voss The Bv 238 was a big six-engined flying boat, the heaviest aircraft in the world when it first flew. It was originally intended to be used by Lufthansa after the war, but when it became clear in 1941 that the war would not be over soon it was converted for the military. The Bv 238 was advanced in design, with a narrow planing bottom, a shallow step and retractable stabilizing floats. The single prototype was destroyed on the Schaal lake in 1944. Type: Bv 238V1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1945 Crew: 10 Engines: 6 * 1305kW Daimler-Benz DB603V Wing Span: 60.17m Length: 43.50m Height: 13.40m Wing Area: 365m2 Empty Weight: 50800kg Max.Weight: 80000kg Speed: 425km/h Ceiling: Range: 6100km Armament: Bv 246 Hagelkorn, Blohm und Voss Guided missile, a slender winged bomb with radio control. Approx 1100 built, but never used. Bv 250, Blohm und Voss Planned landplane bomber version of the {Bv 238}. Not built. Type: Bv 250 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 6 * 1800hp Daimler-Benz DB603 Wing Span: 188ft Length: 151ft Height: 44.43ft Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 210000lb Speed: Ceiling: Range: 12400mls Armament: 12*g20mm 44100lb --C-------------------------------------------------------------------------- C.160, Transall Twin-engined medium transport, a French/German cooperation project. The high-wing design is typical for tactical transport aircraft Germany bought 110, France 50, and South Africa 9. Later the production line was reopened to build 25 more for France. Type: C.160NG Function: transport Year: 1968 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 4550kW R.R. Tyne RTy20 Mk 22 Wing Span: 40.00m Length: 32.40m Height: 11.65m Wing Area: 160.0m2 Empty Weight: 29000kg Max.Weight: 51000kg Speed: 513km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 5095km Load: 16000kg, 93 seats CH-53, Sikorsky The {H-53} is an US-designed heavy transport helicopter. The 110 German are license-built by VFW-Fokker. CJ-14, Caspar Biplane fighter, built in Denmark to evade the limitations of the Versailles treaty. The CJ-14 was of all-wooden construction. Only one built. Type: CJ-14 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 325hp Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar III Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 5.40m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 800kg Max.Weight: 1200kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm CM 170 Magister, Potez Straight-wing jet trainer of French design. The {Magister} was chosen as standard NATO trainer in 1954, the Luftwaffe ordered 260. Most of them were assembled in Germany. CS-14, Caspar Development of the {CJ-14}, with a longer wing span and a new engine. Later converted to a two-seater. Only one built. Type: CS-14 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Napier Lion IV Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.58m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1130kg Max.Weight: 1780kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.5hrs Armament: --D-------------------------------------------------------------------------- D.XIII, Fokker Dutch sesquiplane fighter, a development of the {D.XI}. The official customer for this type was Argentina, but they really were intended for the reborn, still illegal German Luftwaffe on bases in Russia. A total of 52 were delivered. When Germany abandoned Lipetsk in 1933, the remaining 30 were handed over to the USSR. Type: D.XIII Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 570hp Napier Lion XI Wing Span: 11m Length: 7.90m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1220kg Max.Weight: 1650kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Daimler CL I See {Daimler L8}. Daimler D I See {Daimler L6}. Daimler D II See {Daimler L9}. Daimler L6 Single-seat biplane fighter, first flown in November 1917. A contract was awarded, and production aircraft were delivered in December 1918... Also known as the Daimler D I. Type: L6 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp Daimler IIIb Wing Span: 9.90m Length: 7.30m Height: 2.76m Wing Area: 22.60m2 Empty Weight: 750kg Max.Weight: 925kg Speed: 183km/h Ceiling: Range: 2hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Daimler L8 Two-seat biplane fighter, designed as an escort fighter. Only a prototype was built. Type: L8 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 185hp Daimler D IIIb Wing Span: 11.82m Length: 7.45m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 31.50m2 Empty Weight: 820kg Max.Weight: 1230kg Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: Range: 4hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Daimler L9 Development of the {Daimler L6}. The L9 had a modified wing cellule, which initially dispensed with both struts and wires between the wings. The tail was also improved. Later, single struts were added to the wings. One built. Type: L9 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp Daimler D IIIb Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 7.20m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 22.32m2 Empty Weight: 742kg Max.Weight: 990kg Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: 440km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Daimler L11 Parasol monoplane fighter, a very clean aircraft with a fine performance. It flew for the first time in November 1918, which was a bad time to get orders... One built. Type: L11 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp Daimler D IIIb Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 8.15m Height: Wing Area: 28.80m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Daimler L14 Two-seat, parasol wing fighter. The L14 embodied even more aerodynamic refinement than the {Daimler L11}, but the first made was not made until after the end of WWI. Prototype only. It was Daimler's last fighter. Type: L14 Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 185hp Daimler D IIIb Wing Span: 12.30m Length: Height: Wing Area: 30.00m2 Empty Weight: 870kg Max.Weight: 1270kg Speed: 206km/h Ceiling: Range: 700km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm DB, Germania Two-seat biplane fighter. The deep, rectangular fuselage filled the gap between the wings completely, and the top of the fuselage was higher than the propeller arc. This gave the gunner, who sat in front of the pilot, an excellent field of fire. No production. Type: DB Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 180hp Argus As III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg DFS 39 Also known as the Lippisch Delta IVc. The DFS 39 was an experimental tailless aircraft. The DFS 39 had a 'moon crescent' wing, a radial engine and fixed landing gear. Type: DFS 39 Delta IVc Function: experimental Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75hp Pobjoy R Speed: Ceiling: Range: DFS 40 Also known as the Lippisch Delta V. The DFS 40 was a small experimental two-seat tailless aircraft, powered by a 100hp Argus pusher engine. It had a wing span of 12m. DFS 193 Two-seat tailless reconnaissance aircraft. Not built. DFS 194 Experimental tailless aircraft, based on the {DFS 39}. The DFS 194 was initially designed for a conventional 100hp Argus pusher engine, but was was converted to use a rocket engine. The DFS 194 was superficially similar to the {Me 163}, but the latter was an all-new design. Type: DFS 194 Function: experimental Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400kg Walter I-203 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: DFS 228 The DFS 228 was a most unusual aircraft. For most of its intended mission, it would have operated as a single-seat glider, towed towards its destination. Over the target the rocket engine would be lighted, and the DFS 228 would climb to 23000m at a speed of 1000km/h. The rocket engine was never ready, and the DFS 228 made only unpowered flights. Type: DFS 228 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1500kg Walter 509A-1 Wing Span: 17.56m Length: 10.58m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 4200kg Speed: 900km/h Ceiling: Range: DFS 230 The DFS 230 was the main equipment of the German airborne units, and it was used in the famous attacks on the Belgian fortress Eben-Emael, on Crete and to liberate Mussolini. Type: DFS 230B-1 Function: assault glider Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 0 * Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.9mm Load: 8 seats DFS 332 Twin-fusleage high-speed glider developed for testing wing sections. Prototype never completed. DFS 346 German experimental aircraft with two 4400kg Walter 509B-1 rocket engines, swept wings and a prone pilot position. It had an estimated top speed of Mach 2.6 at 30500m. The incomplete prototype was captured by the USSR in 1945 and flown in 1947, with one of the original interned {B-29}s as launch aircraft, and a German pilot. On 14 September 1951 the DFS 346 exceeded Mach 1, but then it broke up in the air. D.F.W. B I reconnaissance biplane with elegantly curves wings, reminiscent of the {Taube}. The B I was a stable aircraft, and easy to fly. Type: B I Function: reconnaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75kW Mercedes Speed: 120km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 4h Armament: D.F.W. B II Development of the {D.F.W. B I}. Mainly used for training. D.F.W. C I Armed development of the {D.F.W. B I} and {D.F.W. B II} series. Type: C I Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg D.F.W. C II Improved {D.F.W. C I}. D.F.W. C IV Reconnaissance biplane, 1916. Widely operated. See also {D.F.W. C V}. D.F.W. C V More powerful development of the {D.F.W. C IV}. This was considered one of the best German reconnaissance aircraft of WWI. The C V could outmaneuvre many allied fighters, and set a world altitude record in 1919. Over 1000 were built. Type: C V Function: biplane Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150kW Benz Bz IV Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4h 30m Armament: 2*mg 100kg D.F.W. D I Single-seat biplane fighter. The D I looked beautiful, but was rejected for service. Even after redesign, the structure was considered too weak. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D IIIa Wing Span: 9.08m Length: 5.50m Height: Wing Area: 23.00m2 Empty Weight: 639kg Max.Weight: 819kg Speed: 177km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm D.F.W. D II Designation sometimes erronously given for the {D.F.W. D I}, probably because the {T 34} is thought to be the by some authors. D.F.W. Dr I Triplane version of the {D.F.W. Dr I}. It was powered by the same 160hp Mercedes D IIIa engine. The profusion of struts of the Dr I caused excessive drag, and it was rejected. D.F.W. R I Bomber. Four Mercedes D IV engines were fitted inside the fuselage, driving two pusher and two tractor propellers. 1916. D.F.W. R II Version of the {D.F.W. R I} with 260hp Mercedes D IVa engines. Djinn, SO.1221 The {Djinn} was French-built light helicopter. Five were in German use. DM-1, Lippisch Research glider. The small DM-1 had pure delta shape, with a very large tailfin, the base of which incorporated the cockpit. Do 10, Dornier The {Do C} family (which to see) was intended to fill multiple roles with different engines. The Do C4, later renamed Do 10, was a two-seat parasol monoplane fighter. It was unsuccessful, and used as testbed for a tilting engine installation. Type: Do 10 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 650hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ybre Wing Span: 15.00m Length: 10.60m Height: 4.30m Wing Area: 32.85m2 Empty Weight: 2200kg Max.Weight: 2640kg Speed: 310km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Do 11, Dornier The Do 11 was an early heavy bomber of the (still secret) Luftwaffe, a modified transport aircraft. It didn't have a good record, and the rectractable undercarriage was often locked down to avoid problems. Carrying Lufthansa markings and civilian registrations, it was flown by the trainee bomber pilots. Type: Do 11D Function: bomber Year: 1934 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 480kW Siemens Sh 22B-2 Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 4100m Range: 960km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 1000kg Do 13, Dornier Development of the {Do 11}. Type: Do 13a Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 550kW BMW VI Speed: Ceiling: 10500ft Range: 7500km Armament: Do 15, Dornier See {Do Y}. Do 16 Wal, Dornier The Wal was one of the most famous flying boats of the interbellum. It had a metal hull with an open cockpit, a high-set wing on struts, and two engines in a tandem installation. There were many civil and military users of the Wal. The Do 16 or Wal-33 was the ultimate version, for the Luftwaffe. From 1938 it was replaced by the {Do 18}. Type: Do 16 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1934 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 550kW BMW VI 7.3 Wing Span: 23.20m Length: 18.30m Height: 5.40m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 8500kg Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 1900km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 200kg Do 17, Dornier The Do 17 was designed as a fast mailplane. The Lufthansa refused to accept it, because of its cramped fuselage. But a bomber development was quickly designed and put into service. The Do 17 was used as a bomber and reconnaissance aircraft. It adavantages were speed and a sturdy contruction; but it wasn't fast enough to escape fighters and poorly armed. The Do 17Z-7 Kauz was used as a nightfighter with an infrared detection system, but this was not very successful. The Do 17Z-10 Kauz II with radar equipment was more suitable. Type: Do 17E-1 Function: bomber Year: 1937 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 550kW BMW VI 7.3 Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: 5100m Range: 1590km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 750kg Type: Do 17Z-2 Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 746kW BWM Bramo 323P Fafnir Wing Span: 18.00m Length: 15.80m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 55m2 Empty Weight: 5210kg Max.Weight: 8590kg Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: 8200m Range: 1160km Armament: 6*mg7.9mm 1000kg Do 18, Dornier The Do 18 was designed as a long-range mailplane to replace the famous Wal, and built along the same lines: a flying boat with an high-set wing and two engines in a tandem arrangment. It had large range and good handling, but was vulnerable to fighters. It was used as a SAR and reconnaissance aircraft by the Luftwaffe. 152 built. Type: Do 18G-1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 650kW Junkers Jumo 205D Wing Span: 23.70m Length: 19.25m Height: 5.35m Wing Area: 98m2 Empty Weight: 5850kg Max.Weight: 10000kg Speed: 265km/h Ceiling: 4200m Range: 3500km Armament: 1*g20mm 1*mg13mm 100kg Do 19, Dornier The Do 19 was an early attempt to build a four-engined heavy bomber. Development was abandoned after the Death of general Wever in 1936. One built. Type: Do 19V1 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 9 Engines: 4 * 525kW Bramo 322H-2 Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: 5600m Range: 1600km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 2*g20mm 3000kg Do 22, Dornier The Do 22 was a light reconnaissance and utility design. It was a parasol monoplane, capable of operating on floats and on wheels. The Do 22 was not built for the Luftwaffe, but sold to Greece, Latvia and Yugoslavia. The aircraft destined for Latvia were never delivered, and went to Finland instead. 31 built. Type: Do 22 Function: reconnaissance / torpedo bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 1 * 630kW Hispano Suiza 12Ybrs Wing Span: 16.20m Length: 13.12m Height: 4.85m Wing Area: 45m2 Empty Weight: 2600kg Max.Weight: 4000kg Speed: 350km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 2300km Armament: 2-4*mg7.9mm 800kg Do 23, Dornier Development of the {Do 13}, already retired from service in 1936. 210 built. Type: Do 23G Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 550kW BMW VI U Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 4200m Range: 1350km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 1000kg Do 24, Dornier The Do 24 was designed for a Dutch requirement. It was an elegant flying boat with a high wing on struts and twin tailfins. Flying characteristics were excellent, and the Do 24 could operate from rough seas. After the occupation of the Netherlands in 1940, production continued for the Luftwaffe. Production also continued postwar and some were still in service in the 1970's. 294 built. Type: Do 24T-1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 3 * 740kW BMW Bramo 323R-2 Wing Span: 27m Length: 21.95m Height: 5.75m Wing Area: 108m2 Empty Weight: 9200kg Max.Weight: 18400kg Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 4750km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm 1*g20mm 600kg Do 25, Dornier Precursor of the {Do 27}. The Do 25 was built in Spain, because aircraft production in Germany was forbidden immediately after WWII. Do 26, Dornier The Do 26 was an elegant gull-winged flying boat, with four Diesel engines in two tandem arrangments. It was was originally intended as a transatlantic mailplane, with the ability to refuel at motherships on sea and to be catapult- launched. The six aircraft built were later militarized, but used mainly as transports. Type: Do 26D-0 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 650kW Junkers Jumo 205D Wing Span: 30.00m Length: 24.60m Height: 6.85m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 20000kg Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 8000km Armament: 1*g20mm 3*mg7.9mm Do 27, Dornier High-wing utility aircraft, developed in Spain. It was later developed into the twin-engined {Do 28}. Type: Do 27A Function: utility / trainer Year: 1956 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200kW Lycoming GSO-480-B1A6 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 9.60m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 19.40m2 Empty Weight: 1130kg Max.Weight: 1850kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 870km Load: 4 seats Do 28, Dornier Twin-engined utility aircraft, in fact a twin-engined development of the {Do 27}. The Do 28D Skyservant is a complete redesign, and much larger than the original Do 28. Type: Do 28B-1 Function: transport Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 216kW Lycoming IO-540-A Wing Span: 13.80m Length: 9.00m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 22.40m2 Empty Weight: 1730kg Max.Weight: 2720kg Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 1235km Load: 6-7 seats Do 29, Dornier (P-D-AV-X-HN-N-ALPW2) Experimental STOL aircraft, a much-modified {Do 27} with two pusher propellers. The propellers could be swivelled down to 90 degrees. Three built. Type: Do 29 Function: experimental VTOL Year: 1958 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 201kW Lycoming GO-480-B1A6 Wing Span: 13.20m Length: 9.50m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2500kg Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: Range: Do 31, Dornier The Do 31 was an experimental VTOL transport. Two pods with lift engines were fitted at the wingstips; two R.R. Pegasus engines with swivelling nozzles were fitted under the wing. Type: Do 31E-3 Function: experimental Year: 1967 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 7000kg R.R. Bristol Pegasus 5-2 8 * 2000kg R.R. RB 162-4D Speed: 650km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: Load: 36 seats Do 128, Dornier Development of the {Do 28}D Skyservant. Type: Do 128-2 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 283kW Avco Lycoming IGSO-540-A1E Wing Span: 15.55m Length: 11.41m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 29m2 Empty Weight: 2345kg Max.Weight: 3840kg Speed: 325km/h Ceiling: 7680m Range: 640km Load: 10 seats Do 214, Dornier Design for a big long-range flying boat. The Do 214 featured eight engines, mounted in four tandem pairs in nacelles on the wings, and would have weighed 145 metric tons. Cancelled at the outbreak of the war. Do 215, Dornier The Do 215 was a version of the {Do 17}Z with DB 601 engines. The first aircraft built were intended for export to Sweden, but never delivered. The Do 215 was used by the Luftwaffe in night bomber, reconnaissance and nightfighter versions. Two were delivered to the USSR in 1940, and in 1942 four were handed over to Hungary. Type: Do 215B-4 Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 790kW Daimler Benz DB 601A Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 525km/h Ceiling: 9100m Range: 2500km Armament: 6*mg7.9mm 1000kg Do 216, Dornier Large six-engined flying boat, with the inboard engines mounted in push/pull tandem pairs, and the two outboard engines with tractor propellers. Cancelled in 1942. Do 217, Dornier The Do 217 medium bomber was new design, only superficially similar to the {Do 17}. It was a much more capable bomber, but the original dive-bombing requirement had to be dropped. The Do 217J and N were night intruder or nightfighter versions, but the Do 217 was not very suitable for the fighter role. Late models had a fully glazed, unstepped nose, and were equipped with guided bombs. 1750 built. Type: Do 217E-2 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1160kW BMW 810ML Speed: 515km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 2300km Wing Span: 19.00m Length: 18.20m Height: 5.03m Wing Area: 57.0m2 Empty Weight: 8855kg Max.Weight: 16465kg Armament: 1*g15mm 2*mg13mm 5*mg7.9mm 4000kg Type: Do 217J-2 Function: nightfighter Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1580hp BMW 801ML Wing Span: 19.00m Length: 18.00m Height: 4.97m Wing Area: 57.0m2 Empty Weight: 9350kg Max.Weight: 13180kg Speed: 489km/h Ceiling: Range: 2100km Armament: 4*mg7.9mm 4*g20mm 2*mg13mm Type: Do 217N-2 Function: nightfighter Year: 1942 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1750hp Daimler-Benz DB 603A Wing Span: 19.00m Length: 18.00m Height: 4.97m Wing Area: 57.0m2 Empty Weight: 10270kg Max.Weight: 13200kg Speed: 515km/h Ceiling: Range: 1755km Armament: 4*mg7.9mm 4*g20mm 1*mg13mm Do 317, Dornier High-altitude medium bomber developed from the {Do 217}. One was built, six more were converted to Do 217R on the production line. Type: Do 317V1 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1290kW Daimler-Benz DB603A Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Do 318, Dornier This was a Do 24, modified to test a new wing with a boundary layer control system. Do 335 Pfeil, Dornier The Do 335 employed a novel engine arrangment, with one engine in the nose and one behind the wing, the latter driving a propeller in the extreme tail. The Do 335 was a fast and powerful aircraft, but not more than 28 were completed before the end of WWII. There were single-seat fighter-bomber and two-seat nightfighter versions. Type: Do 335A-1 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1305kW Daimler-Benz DB603A-2 Wing Span: 13.80m Length: 13.85m Height: 5.00m Wing Area: 38.50m2 Empty Weight: 7400kg Max.Weight: 9600kg Speed: 770km/h Ceiling: 11400m Range: 1380km Armament: 1*g30mm 2*g20mm 1000kg Do 417, Dornier Design for a twin-engined medium bomber. Do 435, Dornier Project for a reengined {Do 335}, featuring the 24-cylinder Jumo 222. Do 635, Dornier See {Ju 635}. Do C3, Dornier See {Do 22}. Do C4, Dornier See {Do 10}. Do F, Dornier See {Do 11}. Do H Falke, Dornier The Do H was a single-seat fighter of all-metal construction, with a cantilever parasol wing. Only five of the radical Falke were built; because of the Versailles treaty, they were constructed in Switzerland and Italy. One was evaluated in the USA as the Wright {WP-1}, and one was sold to Japan to become the basis of the Kawasaki {KDA-3} fighter. Type: Do H Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 320hp Wright H-3 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 7.43m Height: 2.66m Wing Area: 20.0m2 Empty Weight: 825kg Max.Weight: 1213kg Speed: 261km/h Ceiling: Range: 349km Armament: Do J Wal, Dornier The Wal was one of the best flying boats of the period between the world wars. It was originally built in Italy, because the Versailles treaty did not allow aircraft production in Germany. The Wal was a sturdy all-metal flying boat of clean design, with two engines in a tandem arrangment on the center section of the high-set wing. Over 320 built, in numerous different versions. Type: Do J Function: transport Year: 1922 Crew: Engines: 2 * 600hp BMW VI Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: 2200km Armament: Do N, Dornier The Do N was virtually a land version of the Wal. The sponsons were eliminated, and wheels added. It was also built in Japan, and known there as the {Ka 87}. 28 built. Type: Do N Function: bomber Year: 1926 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 365kW BMW VI Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 9000ft Range: 6h Armament: 1000kg Do P, Dornier The Do P was a bomber with four 510hp Bristol Jupiter engines in two tandem nacelles on top of the wing. 1930. Two built. Type: Do P Function: bomber Year: 1930 Crew: 5-6 Engines: 4 * 510hp Bristol Jupiter Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 3050m Range: 1000km Armament: Do Y, Dornier Medium bomber. The Do Y had a high-set wing and and three engines, two on the wing leading edge and the third on struts above the wing. The Do Y was built in Switzerland in 1931. Only two were built. Type: Do Y Function: bomber Year: 1931 Crew: Engines: 3 * Siemens Jupiter VI Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 1500km Armament: Dornier Cs I Two-seat fighter, a single-engined floatplane of low-wing monoplane configuration. Few were built. 1918. Dornier D I Biplane fighter of advanced design, with cantilever wings. A wing failure during trials ended hopes for the D I. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 135kW BMW Speed: 201km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Dornier Rs I Large biplane flying boat. With a wing span of 43.5m, this was in 1918 the largest aircraft ever built. Type: Rs I Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: Engines: 3 * 240hp Maybach Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Dornier Rs III Flying boat. The Rs III was a monoplane, with the wing fitted high on complicated struts above the fuselage. The two engine nacelles, each with two engines in tandem, were attached to these struts. The tailboom was fitted on top of the wing. Type: Rs III Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: Engines: 4 * 245hp Maybach Mb IVa Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: 2000m Range: 12h Armament: 3*mg Dornier Rs IV Development of the {Dornier Rs III}. The Rs IV was completed as a civil airliner. Type: Rs IV Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * 245hp Maybach Mb IVa Speed: 138km/h Ceiling: 1400m Range: 10h Armament: --E-------------------------------------------------------------------------- E 381, Arado Project for a parasite fighter, to be carried by the {Ar 234}C. Wing span roughly 16ft, length also 16ft. Empty weight 1963lb. The E 381 was powered by a Walter 509A-2 rocket engine. The pilot lay prone. EF 127, Junkers Project for a rocket-engined point-defence interceptor. Cancelled. EF 130, Junkers Project for a four-engined flying wing jet bomber, 1945. Four jet engines were to be close together on top of the mid aft section; the outer wing panels were wooden. A speed of 625mph and a range of 3700 miles were calculated. Egrett, Grob G 520 See {G 520}. Elster B, Putzer High-wing cabin monoplane. Etrich A II Taube The Taube was designed in 1910 by the Austrian I. Etrich. He didn't object to the copying of his design by other manufacturers. The Taube in one of its many forms was the most numerous German aircraft in the first year of WWI. The name was due to the elegantly curved wings, which were actually based on the shape of a kind of seeds, not on that of a bird. Type: A II Taube Function: reconnaissance Year: 1912 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Mercedes Speed: 59mph Ceiling: 9800ft Range: Euler D I Single-seat fighter biplane, a copy of the French {Nieuport 11}. A small number was built, intended to be used as fighter trainers. Type: D I Function: fighter / trainer Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Oberursel Wing Span: 8.10m Length: 5.80m Height: 2.66m Wing Area: 13.00m2 Empty Weight: 380kg Max.Weight: 600kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.92mm Euler D II Reengined {Euler D I}, also used as fighter trainer. Small number built. Type: D II Function: fighter / trainer Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Oberursel Wing Span: 7.47m Length: 5.94m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 380kg Max.Weight: 615kg Speed: 145km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: Euler Doppeldecker Type 1 Biplane fighter, the rebuilt prototype of the {Euler Dreidecker Type 3}. It was not accepted for production. 1918. Euler Doppeldecker Type 2 Small biplane fighter, having a configurational similarity with the {Nieuport 11} (and thus with the {Euler D II}). Allegedly this aircraft had an excellent performance, but it was subject to only limited testing. One built. Type: Euler Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Euler Dreidecker Type 2 Triplane fighter. Performance was disappointing; the prototype was later modified to a biplane. Type: Dreidecker Type 2 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: Engines: 1 * 160hp Oberursel U III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Euler Dreidecker Type 3 Single-seat fighter triplane. Performance fell short of expectation, and it was rebuilt as the {Euler Doppeldecker Type 3}. It was powered by a 160hp Mercedes D III. 1917. Euler Dreidecker Type 4 Single-seat triplane fighter, the most successful of the Euler triplane fighters --- what meant that it still was rejected by the German air force. It was powered by a 180hp Goebel Goe III rotary engine. 1918. Euler Dreidecker Type 5 This was a triplane development of the {Euler Vierdecker}, with conventional ailerons. 100hp Obersursel U I rotarty engine. Euler "Gelber Hund" Single-seat pusher biplane, with a fixed forward-firing machine gun. Euler demonstrated the fixed machine gun to the German army in 1912, and actually obtained a patent. In 1915 it designed a dedicated single-seat fighter for it. It remained a prototype. Type: Euler Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.92mm Euler Versuchszweisitzer Two-seat pusher biplane, developed in parallel with the single-seat {Euler "Gelber Hund"}. The gunner first operated a gun turret in the extreme nose, but after a modification he had a 'pulpit' immediately in front of the wings, which offered a 360 degrees arc of fire, and the pilot operated a fixed machine gun. It was abandoned. Type: Euler Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 14.80m Length: 9.30m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 52.60m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: 4hrs Armament: 2*mg Euler Vierdecker 'Quadruplane' fighter --- the top set of wing surfaces were all- moving and served as ailerons. Performance was poor. Two built. Type: Euler Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Oberursel U I Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 46.17m2 Empty Weight: 884kg Max.Weight: 1386kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Eurofighter 2000 The European Fighter Aircraft, a medium-sized multi-role fighter to replace the {F-4} Phantom and the last {F-104} Starfighters. It is of canarded delta configuration, with rectanguler chin intakes for its twin engines. About 40% of its empty weight is made up by composite materials. It is being built by a consortium of British, German, Italian and Spanish firms. Prototypes have been flown. In-service date remains uncertain, but service entry in 2003 is planned. Type: Eurofighter 2000 Function: fighter Year: 1994 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 90kN Eurojet EJ200 Wing Span: 10.95m Length: 15.96m Height: 5.28m Wing Area: 50m2 Empty Weight: 9750kg Max.Weight: 21000kg Speed: Mach 2 Ceiling: Range: 3700km Armament: 1*g27mm b,r,msl --F-------------------------------------------------------------------------- F-4 Phantom II, McDonnell Douglas The {F-4} is a big twin-engined US-built fighter. The Luftwaffe purchased 263. F.13, Junkers Directly after WWI Junkers began the design of the first all-metal monoplane civil transport, the F.13. It was based on the all-metal warplanes that Junkers had built during WWI. The F.13 was built with a variety of in-line and radial engines, with wheels, skis or floats. The 322 built included 60 or 70 subversions. A number were in use as military transport. As late as 1943, some were in service on the Eastern front. Type: F.13da Year: 1919 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 280hp Junkers L2 Wing Span: 17.75m Length: 9.60m Height: Wing Area: 44.0m2 Empty Weight: 1150kg Max Weight: 1730kg Speed: 171km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 950km Load: 4 seats F-84F Thunderstreak, Republic The post-war Luftwaffe received 450 of the US-built swept-wing {F-84}F jet fighter and 108 of the RF-84F Thunderflash photo-recce version. F-104 Starfighter, Lockheed The USAF quickly abandoned the basic {F-104} interceptor on favour of heavier fighters. For Germany the F-104G all-round version of the Starfighter was developed, and this became standard equipment for many European air forces. Germany received 463. Fa 61, Focke-Achelis The Fa 61 was probably the first workable helicopter. It used a {Fw 44} fuselage with twin rotors on outriggers, driven by the engine in the nose. Hanna Reitsch made the Fa 61 famous by flying it indoors, in the 'Deutschlandhalle' in Berlin. Two were built. Type: Fa 61 Function: experimental helicopter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh 14A Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fa 223 Drache, Focke-Achelis Twin-rotor transport helicopter. The two rotors were fitted to outriggers, and a T-tail was employed. Only a few reached service before the end of WWII, because the factories were repeatedly destroyed by allied bombing. Development continued in France after WWII. Type: Fa 223E Function: helicopter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 735kW Bramo Fafnir 323D-3 Wing Span: 24.4m Length: 12.2m Height: Wing Area: 116.5m2 Empty Weight: 2900kg Max.Weight: 4200kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 4875m Range: 700km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm 2*b250kg Load: 5 seats Fa 266 Hornisse, Focke-Achelis Development of {Fa 223}. Fa 269, Focke-Achelis Project for a twin-rotor convertiplane. The rotors were to swivel to the vertical for landing and take-off, then rotated to act as pusher propellers in forward flight. Strangely enough, it was planned for the rotors to be rotated downwards for take-off and landing, so a very stalky undercarriage was needed. Initiated in 1941. Fa 284, Focke-Achelis Crane helicopter design, 1943. Never built. Type: Fa 284 Function: crane helicopter Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * BMW 801 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 15000kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fa 269, Focke-Achelis Convertiplane VTOL -- the wingtip rotors could be tilted from horiontal (for take off) to vertical (for foward flight.) Never built. Fa 325, Facoke-Achelis Rotorglider. The Fa 325 had the fuselage of the {DFS 230} glider with a three-bladed rotor. No production. Fa 330 Bachstelze, Focke-Achelis This was a rotor kite, towed behind an U-boat to increase its vision range. The scheme was soon abandoned, because it cost too much time to recover it and its pilot when the U-boat was attacked. About 200 were built. Type: Fa 330 Function: observation Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 0 * Wing Span: 7.3m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 25km/h Ceiling: 125m Range: Fa 336, Focke-Achelis Project for a motorized version of the Fa 330. Not built. Fantrainer, RFB A little trainer powered by a large fan that forms part of the aft fuselage and is driven by a piston engine. It was tested by the Luftwaffe, as possible replacement for the {P.149}, but it was not ordered. It was ordered by Thailand, that later modified its aircraft by replacing the original glassfibre wing by a metal one, incorporating attachments for four pylons. Type: Fantrainer 600 Function: trainer Year: 1980 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 485kW Allison 250-C30 Wing Span: 9.7m Length: 9.48m Height: 3.0m Wing Area: 14.0m2 Empty Weight: 1160kg Max.Weight: 2300kg Speed: 555km/h Ceiling: 7620m Range: 1040km FGP 227, Prag Reduced-scale (1:3.75) flying model of the {Bv 238}. The FGP 227 had six 15.7kW engines. It produced no data for the Bv 238 program. Fh 104 Hallore, Siebel Light transport. 48 built. Type: Fh 104A Function: liaison Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 205kW Hirth HM 508C Speed: 350km/h Ceiling: 6600m Range: Load: 4 seats Fi 98, Fieseler Biplane dive bomber that competed with the {Hs 123}, but was abandoned early. Only one was built, the second prototype was cancelled. Type: Fi 98a Function: dive bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 485kW BMW 132A-3 Wing Span: 11.50m Length: 7.40m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 25.5m2 Empty Weight: 1450kg Max.Weight: 2160kg Speed: 295km/h at 2000m Ceiling: 9000m Range: 470km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm MG 17 fixed (not installed), 4*b50kg Fi 103 Reichenberg, Fieseler This was a manned version of the V-1 flying bomb. The pilot was supposed to bale out after aiming the aircraft, but his chances to actually do this were poor. 175 built, but never operationally used. Type: Fi 103 Function: attack Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 350kg Argus As 014 Wing Span: 5.72m Length: 8.00m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 650km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 900kg Fi 156 Storch, Fieseler The fragile-looking Fi 156 was a much admired STOL liaison aircraft. For a liaison aircraft, it was both large and powerful, with a generous wing fitted with leading and trailing edge flaps. 2549 built. The design was copied by the USSR and Japan, and production continued postwar in France and Czechoslovakia. Type: Fi 156C-2 Function: liaison / observation Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 180kW Argus As 10C-3 Wing Span: 14.25m Length: 9.90m Height: 3.05m Wing Area: 26m2 Empty Weight: 930kg Max.Weight: 1325kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 4600m Range: 385km Armament: 1*mg7.92mm Fi 167, Fieseler The Fi 167 biplane was a shipboard attack aircraft, intended for the German aircraft carriers. It had remarkable STOL performance, but production was halted when construction of the carriers was halted. In 1942 the carrier programme was restarted, but the Fi 167 was considered obsolete and replaced by a version of the {Ju 87}. The final fate of the twelve aircraft built is unclear. Type: Fi 167A-0 Function: attack / reconnaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 810kW Daimler-Benz DB601B Wing Span: 13.50m Length: 11.40m Height: 4.80m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 4850kg Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 8200m Range: 1500km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 1000kg Fi 256, Fieseler Enlarged {Fi 156}. Cancelled. Type: Fi 256 Function: liaison Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Argus As 10P Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 4 seats Fi 333, Fieseler Twin-engined utility monoplane design, with a detachable fuselage pod. Never built. FiSk 199, Fieseler-Skoda This was a 1942 development of the {Bf 109} intended to carry a 500kg bomb. To have enough ground clearance, an auxiliary, jettisonable, undercarriage leg was fitted just behind the cockpit. Probably no more than two built. Type: FiSk 199 Function: Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Daimler-Benz DB605A Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*b500kg 2*mg Fl 185, Flettner Experimental helicopter. The Fl 185 had a single rotor and two (one?) pusher propellers on outriggers. For take-off the rotor was driven and the propellers were used to to counteract torque; for forward flight the rotor uncoupled and the Fl 185 was flown as an autogiro. Type: Fl 185 Function: experimental Year: 1936 Crew: Engines: 1 * 105kW Siemens-Halske Sh 14A Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fl 265, Flettner Helicopter with two-bladed intermeshing rotors. The Fl 265 had a radial engine in the nose, and an enclosed cabin for the pilot. Ordered in production in 1940. It was the first helicopter to receive a production order, but after six had been built it was cancelled in favour of the more advanced {Fl 282}. The Fl 265 was used in tests of shipboard helicopter operations. Type: Fl 265 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110kW Siemens Sh 14A Rotor Span: 12.30m Length: Height: Disc Area: 237.65m2 Empty Weight: 800kg Max.Weight: 1000kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fl 282 Kolibri, Flettner The Fl 282 was the most developed of all WWII helicopters. It had twin intermeshing rotors, and was intended for shipboard operations. Only about 20 prototypes reached service. Characteristic for the development of the Fl 282 was the gradual removal of more and more parts of the fuselage, to reduce weight. Very large orders were placed, but production was cut short by allied bombers and German disorganisation. Only 24 were completed. Type: Fl 282B Function: obersvation Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Siemens Halske Sh 14A Rotor Span: 11.96m Length: 9.56m Height: 2.20m Disc Area: 224.7m2 Empty Weight: 639kg Max.Weight: 1000kg Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 4120m Range: 300km Fl 339, Flettner The Fl 339 helciopter was little more than a powered platform for two crewmen with back-to-back seats, a rotor and a tail. No production. Type: Fl 339 Function: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 175kW Argus As 10C Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fokker A I Monoplane trainer and observation aircraft. 1914. Fokker A II The M.5L version of the {Fokker M.5}, with long-span wings. Fokker A III The M.5K version of the {Fokker M.5}, with short-span wings. Fokker B I Biplane reconnaissance and trainer, built for Austria. 1915. Fokker B II Reconaisance biplane, 62 built. See {Fokker M.17}. Fokker B III Biplane reconnaissance aircraft, equivalent to the {Fokker D I} but in service with the Austro-Hungarian forces. Approx 30 built. Fokker C I Biplane reconnaissance aircraft, very obviously a development of the {Fokker D VII} fighter. The C I was too late to enter service with the German air force. After the end of WWI, Anthony Fokker managed to transfer a number of aircraft and spare parts to the Netherlands. 250 were built, including 42 for the Soviet air force and 62 for the Dutch air force. Type: C I Country: Netherlands Function: reconnaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 138kW BMW IIIa Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 7.23m Height: 2.87m Wing Area: 26.25m2 Empty Weight: 855kg Max.Weight: 1255kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 620km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 4*b12.5kg Fokker D I Single-seat fighter biplane, a development from the {Fokker M.17}. (See also {Fokker B II} and {Fokker D II}). With a heavy 120hp Mercedes engine, the D I was seriously underpowered. About 130 built. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120hp Mercedes DII Wing Span: 9.05m Length: 6.30m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 20.00m Empty Weight: 463kg Max.Weight: 670kg Speed: 105km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 1*mg Fokker D II The D II was similar to the {Fokker D I}, but the relationship between the designs was a reverse one: The D I (Fokker M.18) was a development of the Fokker M.17, the fighter version of which was the D II. The D II was a bit smaller and the rotary engine was much lighter than the liquid-cooled one of the D I. The D II had better performance, but it was still insufficient. 181 were delivered. Type: D II Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 75kW Oberursel U.I Wing Span: 9.05m Length: 6.30m Height: 2.25m Wing Area: 20m2 Empty Weight: 425kg Max.Weight: 710kg Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 4700m Range: 1.5hr Armament: 1-2*mg7.92mm Fokker D III Development of the {Fokker D II} with a strengthened fuselage, {Fokker D I} wings, and a two-row rotary engine. Total production of the D II and D III was 291. The engine was unreliable. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Oberursel U III Wing Span: 9.05m Length: 6.30m Height: 2.25m Wing Area: 20m2 Empty Weight: 452kg Max.Weight: 710kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: 4725m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1-2*mg7.92mm Fokker D IV Improved {Fokker D I}, slightly larger and with more powerful engine. Performance was still disappointing. About 40 were built. Type: D IV Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes DIII Wing Span: 9.70m Length: 6.30m Height: 2.45m Wing Area: 21m2 Empty Weight: 606kg Max.Weight: 840kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 1h 30min Armament: 1-2*mg7.92mm Fokker D V The design of this Fokker fighter was completed by the later famous Reinhold Platz. The D V owed much to its precursors, but had a sweptback upper wing, and a cleanly cowled engine. The Albatros fighters were much superior, and the D V was used mostly as trainer. 216 built. Type: D V Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 75kW Oberursel U I Wing Span: 8.75m Length: 6.05m Height: 2.30m Wing Area: 15.50m2 Empty Weight: 363kg Max.Weight: 566kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1*mg7.92mm Fokker D VI The D VI biplane was constructed mainly as an insurance against problems with the {Fokker D VII}. It used a {Fokker Dr I} fuselage and a rotary engine with D VII wings. Only 59 built, because the D.VII was clearly superior. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 81kW Oberursel U II Wing Span: 7.65m Length: 6.25m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 17.70m2 Empty Weight: 393kg Max.Weight: 585kg Speed: 197km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Fokker D VII Considered by many to be the best fighter of WWI. The D.VII was an angular biplane with excellent high-altitude performance and good flying characteristics. The treaty of Versailles specially demanded the surrender of all D VII's; many of these were given to the USA, and Switzerland. Fokker moved his activities to the Netherlands, and continued to build the D VII. The Dutch air force flew some D VII's until 1926, the Belgian Air Force until 1931, the Swiss air forces ordered eight new-built D.VIIs in 1928-1929. Type: D VII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 140kW BMW IIIa Wing Span: 8.90m Length: 6.95m Height: Wing Area: 20.50m2 Empty Weight: 735kg Max.Weight: 880kg Speed: 188km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Fokker D VIII The D VIII was a parasol monoplane fighter. It was readily accepted by the German airforce, but its service entry was delayed by production problems with the wings. The D VIII was an excellent fighter, but its performance was reduced by an obsolete and low-powered engine. It was also known as the Fokker E V. About 290 were built. Type: D VIII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80kW Oberursel Ur II Wing Span: 8.35m Length: 5.85m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 10.70m2 Empty Weight: 405kg Max.Weight: 605kg Speed: 204km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2mg Fokker D.XIII See {D.XIII}. This fighter was built in the Netherlands. Fokker Dr I The Dr I was a small triplane, ordered following the succes of the British Sopwith {Triplane}. The Dr I prototypes first flew with cantilever wings, but after some accidents a single strut was added. Structural problems continued, and the wing construction had to be improved after production began. The Dr I was not very fast, and thus more useful in a defensive role; but it was highly manoeuvrable. Only 320 were built. Manfred Von Richthofen made the Dr I far more famous than the aircraft deserved. Type: Dr I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80kW Oberursel Ur II Wing Span: 7.19m Length: 5.77m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 18.66m2 Empty Weight: 406kg Max.Weight: 586kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg Fokker E I Development of the {Fokker M.5}. The Fokker E was a mid-wing monoplane fighter with in general unimpressive performance, and not that many were built. But it was the first fighter with a synchronized, fixed, forward-firing machinegun. The effectiveness of the E I and its derivatives (E II, E III and E IV) created the 'Fokker Scourge'. 54 built. Type: E I Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Oberursel U 0 Wing Span: 8.95m Length: 6.75m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 14.40m2 Empty Weight: 358kg Max.Weight: 563kg Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 200km Armament: 1*mg Fokker E II Development of the {Fokker E I}. Development of the model Fokker M.14 began before the synchronized armament was fitted to the E I. Most were delivered as armed aircraft, and 100hp Oberursel engines were fitted during overhaul. New-built aircraft to this standard were known as {Fokker E III}s. 59 built. Fokker E III Similar to the {Fokker E II}, but built from the outset with the 100hp Oberursel U I engine. Most built of the series with over 260. A second gun was sometimes added, but the additional weight seriously decreased performance. The E III was the most famous of the series; apart from its forward-firing gun, it had the advantages of maneuvrability and climbing speed, but was inferior to allied aircraft in other respects. Type: E III Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 75kW Oberursel U I Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 7.20m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 16m2 Empty Weight: 399kg Max.Weight: 610kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 4100m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1-2*mg Fokker E IV Development of the {Fokker E III} with a 160hp twin-row Oberursel rotary engine, often fitted with twin guns, some with three guns. Only 49 were built, partly because the increased gyroscopic effect made the E IV more difficult to fly than the E III, partly because the aircraft became obsolete. Type: E IV Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160 Oberursel U III Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 7.50m Height: 2.77m Wing Area: 16.30m2 Empty Weight: 460kg Max.Weight: 724kg Speed: 166km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 240km Armament: 2*mg Fokker E V See {Fokker D VIII}. Fokker F I Renamed {Fokker Dr I}. The three F I fighter could be distinguished from the later Dr I only by the absence of wooden skids under the wingtips. Fokker K I Twin-engined fighter. The K I was a biplane with twin tail booms. In the nose of each boom there was a position for a gunner; the central nacelle contained the pilots seat and two 80hp Oberursel engines, one pusher and and one tractor. 1915. The conbination of wing warping control and twin, unconnected tail booms resulted in some undesirable handling characteristics, and was abandoned after only brief testing. One built. Type: K I Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 80hp Oberursel U 0 Armament: 2*mg Fokker M.1 This was the military version of Anthony Fokker's first aircraft, the 'Spin' (Spider). The M.1 was a two-seat monoplane. From 1913 onwards it was used by military flying schools. Fokker M.2 Development of the {Fokker M.1}. The M.2 was a monoplane trainer; it was ordered together with a special transport car. Type: M.2 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Argus Speed: 100km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fokker M.3 Development of the {Fokker M.2}. Fokker M.4 Single-engined monoplane. Fokker M.5 Mid-wing monoplane, flown in mid-1914. The M.5 was of mixed construction, with a steel-tube fuselage and wooden wings -- the constructional method that would remain typical for Fokker aircraft. It was sold to the Prussian army as the {Fokker A II} and {Fokker A III}, and was developed into the {Fokker E I}. Fokker M.6 Two-seat parasol wing aircraft, 1914. 80hp Oberursel engine. One built. Fokker M.7 Biplane reconnaissance aircraft, approx 20 built for the German Navy in 1915. The M.7 was Fokker's first wartime order. Fokker M.8 See {Fokker A I}. Fokker M.9 See {Fokker K I}. Fokker M.10E See {Fokker B I}. Fokker M.14 See {Fokker E II} and {Fokker E III}. Fokker M.15 See {Fokker E IV}. Fokker M.16E Experimental two-seat biplane fighter. The deep, angular fuselage filled the gap between the wings completely. Prototype only, despite an Austrian order for 26 aircraft. Type: M.16 Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Austro-Daimler Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Fokker M.16Z See {Fokker B III}. Fokker M.17 Single-seat development of the M.16 with an 100hp Oberursel engine. After some tests, the fuselage was cut down and stagger was applied to the wings. It was produced as the unarmed {Fokker B II} and the armed {Fokker D II}. Fokker M.18 See {Fokker D I}. Fokker M.19 See {Fokker D III}. Fokker M.21 See {Fokker D IV}. Fokker M.22 See {Fokker D V}. Fokker V.1 This was first Fokker designed entirely by Reinhold Platz. The V.1 was a biplane, but had the typical, thick wooden cantilever wings used by Platz. The fuselage was tubby, but clean of lines, and the rotary engine was nicely cowled, with a large propeller spinner. It was considered too radical for service use. One built. Type: V.1 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 7.87m Length: 4.99m Height: 2.74m Wing Area: 15.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 178km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Fokker V.2 This was development of the {Fokker V.1}, powered by a liquid-cooled in-line engine. To restore the CG, some sweepback was added to the upper wing outer panels. There is no record of any testing by the German armed forces. One built. Type: V.2 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 7.82m Length: 5.21m Height: 2.56m Wing Area: 15.40m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fokker V.3 The V.3 was a development of the {Fokker V.2} with a larger wing. The variable incidence of the upper wing, as used for the V.1 and V.2, was abandoned and a simplified set of struts with fixed incidence used. It was considered too difficult to fly for frontline pilots. One built. Some sources use the V.3 designation for the early {Fokker V.4} without wing struts. Fokker V.4 The V.4 was a cantilever triplane, precursor of the {Fokker Dr I}. In a later stadium, single wing struts were added to reduce wing flexing. But in other respects the V.4 was very similar to the Dr I. Fokker V.5 Prototype for the {Fokker Dr I}. Fokker V.6 Triplane fighter, developed parallel with the {Fokker V.5}. The V.6 was powered by a heavier, liquid-cooled engine, and therefore was given larger wings. It was less manouevrable than the V.5, and development did not proceed. One built. Type: V.6 Function: fighter Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fokker V.7 Experimental version of the {Fokker Dr I} with a 145hp Oberursel Ur III, a 160hp Siemens-Halske engine, a 145hp Le Rhone, or a 170hp Goebel Goe III. Four built. Fokker V.8 Bizarre single-seat fighter with five wings. Three wings were fitted in the familiar position closely behind the propeller, but two more were halfway the fuselage, just behind the cockpit. Fokker flew it twice and then ordered to scrap it. It was powered by a 160hp Mercedes D III engine. 1917. Fokker V.9 Biplane fighter, with the fuselage of the {Fokker Dr I}. Prototype of the V.12, V.16, V.14 and V.13, a series which culminated in the {Fokker D.VI}. Fokker V.11 Prototype of the {Fokker D VII}. Fokker V.12 Development of the {Fokker V.9}. 110hp Oberursel Ur II engine. Fokker V.13 Development of the {Fokker V.9}. Prototype of the {Fokker D VI}. The V.13 had a 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh III engine, but this was not available for the production aircraft. Fokker V.14 Development of the {Fokker V.9}. 160hp Steyr-Le Rhone engine. Fokker V.16 Development of the {Fokker V.9}. 110hp Oberursel Ur II engine. Fokker V.17 The V.17 was a radical mid-wing monoplane fighter. The V.17 was of mixed construction with plywood skinning. The German military was not interested. One built. Type: V.17 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Oberursel Ur II Wing Span: Length: 5.77m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 381kg Max.Weight: 461kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Fokker V.20 The V.20 monoplane fighter was of similar configuration as the {Fokker V.17}, but powered by a 160hp Mercedes engine. The German military was still rejected the type. One built. Type: V.20 Function: fighter Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fokker V.23 Despite the rejection of the {Fokker V.17} and {Fokker V.20}, Fokker continued the development of the mid-wing, cantilever monoplane fighter. It had the familiar mixed construction. The German military rejected the V.23 on sight, claiming that the cockpit offered inadequate forward view. One built. Type: V.23 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes DIII Wing Span: 8.73m Length: 5.80m Height: 2.65m Wing Area: 11.12m2 Empty Weight: 673kg Max.Weight: 853kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Fokker V.25 The V.25 monoplane fighter was developed in parallel with the {Fokker V.23}. It had a low-set wing, which improved the view from the cockpit, and was a bit smaller. The Oberursel rotary engine was now considered insufficiently powerful, and the V.25 was abandoned. Type: V.25 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Oberursel Ur II Wing Span: 8.73m Length: 5.93m Height: 2.63m Wing Area: 11.12m2 Empty Weight: 384kg Max.Weight: 564kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fokker V.26 Prototype of the {Fokker D VIII}. Fokker V.27 Enlarged {Fokker V.26} with a 195hp Mercedes engine. 1918. Fokker V.29 Enlarged {Fokker V.26} with a 160hp Mercedes engine. 1918. Fokker V.33 This was the final development of the {Fokker V.9} series of biplane fighters with rotary engines. One built. Type: V.33 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 145hp Oberursel Ur III Wing Span: 7.24m Length: 5.46m Height: 2.31m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 397kg Max.Weight: 616kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fokker V.34 Development of the {Fokker D VII} with a 185hp BMW engine. 1918. One built. Fokker V.36 Development of the {Fokker D VII} with a 185hp BMW engine, similar to the {Fokker V.34}, but with the fuel tank transferred to an aerodynamic fairing of the undercarriage axle. 1918. One built. Fokker V.37 Armoured ground-attack fighter, a parasol monoplane. 1918. Fokker V.38 Enlarged {Fokker D VII}, prototype of the {Fokker C I} reconnaissance aircraft. 1918. Fokker V.41 Completed in the Netherlands as the {Fokker D.X} fighter. Fokker W.3 Floatplane version of the {Fokker M.7}. Friedrichshafen D I This was a land-based fighter, broadly based on the {Friedrichshafen FF 46}. Performance and handling of the D I were considered unsatisfactory, and only two were built. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes DIII Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 7.10m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 25.80m2 Empty Weight: 686kg Max.Weight: 901kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2* mg7.92mm Friedrichshafen FF 29 Two-seat biplane on floats. 34 were built, and used by the German Navy in the beginning of WWI. In 1915, one flew a reconnaissance mission from the deck of the submarine U-12, which of course could not dive with the FF 29 on its deck. The FF 29 was powered by a 120hp Mercedes D II engine. Friedrichshafen FF 33 The FF 33 was a shipboard reconnaissance aircraft and fighter, on floats. Type: FF 33L Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Benz Bz III Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 4420m Range: 5h Armament: 2*mg Friedrichshafen FF 34 Twin-boom pusher seaplane. Prototype only. Friedrichshafen FF 39 Development of the {Friedrichshafen FF 33} with strengthened fuselage and 200hp Benz engine. Only 14 built. Friedrichshafen FF 40 The FF 40 had one 240hp Maybach engine and twin tractor propellers. Prototype only. Friedrichshafen FF 41 Naval development of the Friedrichshafen G bombers. Nine built. Friedrichshafen FF 43 Single-seat biplane fighter on floats. The FF 43 was a clean, if angular aircraft, with a hump-backed fuselage that ensured the pilot of a good forward view. After operational testing, the FF 43 was not ordered for production. One built. Type: FF 43 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes DIII Wing Span: 9.92m Length: 8.55m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 31.00m2 Empty Weight: 798kg Max.Weight: 1078kg Speed: 163km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Friedrichshafen FF 46 See {Friedrichshafen D I}. Friedrichshafen FF 48 Two-seat fighter seaplane. Three built. Type: FF 48 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 179kW Maybach Speed: Ceiling: Range: 5h 30m Armament: 2*mg Friedrichshafen FF 49 Development of the {Friedrichshafen FF 39}. Between 200 and 500 were built, and served until the end of WWI. Type: FF 49c Function: reconnaissance / fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 149kW Benz Bz.IV Wing Span: 17.15m Length: 11.65m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 71.40m2 Empty Weight: 1515kg Max.Weight: 2145kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: 5h 30min Armament: Friedrichshafen FF 53 Torpedo bomber, 194kW Mercedes engine. Three built. Friedrichshafen FF 54 The FF 54 was a land-based quadruplane fighter. The two middel wings were of narrow chord, the upper and lower wing of broad chord. The wings were connected by I-struts. The fuselage was rotund and whale- shaped. After some testing in 1918 the third wing (numebred from top) was deleted. One built. Type: FF 54 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Friedrichshafen FF 59 Development of the {Friedrichshafen FF 49} with a wider shooting arc for the aft gun. Friedrichshafen FF 60 Four-engined triplane. One built. Friedrichshafen FF 64 Three built. Shipboard seaplane. 160hp Mercedes D III engine. Friedrichshafen G I Prototype of the {Friedrichshafen G II}. Friedrichshafen G II Twin-engined bomber, 1916. 225hp Benz engines, crew of three. Not very successful. Friedrichshafen G III A large biplane bomber with two pusher engines. 338 built. Type: G III Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 190kW Mercedes D IVa Wing Span: 23.70m Length: 12.80m Height: Wing Area: 95m2 Empty Weight: 2596kg Max.Weight: 3930kg Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: 4510m Range: 5h Armament: 2-3*mg 1500kg Friedrichshafen G IV Twin-engined bomber, the final development in the {Friedrichshafen G I}, {Friedrichshafen G II}, and {Friedrichshafen G III} series. The G IV had twin tails, 260hp Mercedes tractor engines, a blunt nose without gunner that did hardly protrude from the wings, and longer wingspan. All these changes enabled it to stay into the air for 90 minutes on one engine, much better than other types. No production was undertaken before the end of the war. Type: G IVa Function: bomber Year: 1918 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 260hp Mercedes D IVa Speed: 142km/h Ceiling: 3600m Range: 5h Armament: 2-3*mg Fw VII, Focke-Wulf Project for an interceptor with a Heinkel HeS 001 jet and Walter 509 rocket engine. Fw 44 Stieglitz, Focke-Wulf Biplane trainer. The Fw 44 had a fuselage of steel tube and wooden wings, covered with triplex and cloth. The Fw 44 was an excellent aerobatic aircraft. It was used throughout WWII, exported to many countries and license-built in Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria and Sweden. Type: Fw 44C Function: trainer / liaison / observation Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 112kW Siemens Sh 14A Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 7.30m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 525kg Max.Weight: 900kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 3900m Range: 675km Fw 56 Stosser, Focke-Wulf The Fw 56 was home defence fighter and advanced trainer. A parasol monoplane with an open cockpit. Approx 900 built. Type: Fw 56A-1 Function: trainer / fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180kW Argus As 10C Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 7.70m Height: 3.55m Wing Area: 14m2 Empty Weight: 695kg Max.Weight: 995kg Speed: 278km/h Ceiling: 6200m Range: 400km Armament: 1-2*mg7.9mm 3*b10kg Fw 57, Focke-Wulf Twin-engined, three-seat strategic fighter. The Fw 57 was a contemporary of the {Bf 110}, with which it competed for orders. It featured a powered dorsal gun turret, and a glazed nose with twin semi-flexible cannon operated by the third crewmember. The Fw 57 was overweight and underpowered. Three built. Type: Fw 57V1 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 960hp Daimler-Benz DB 600 Wing Span: 25.00m Length: 16.57m Height: 4.10m Wing Area: 73.50m2 Empty Weight: 6800kg Max.Weight: 8300kg Speed: 404km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*g20mm Fw 58 Weihe, Focke-Wulf Light twin-engined monoplane, of metal construction with fabric covering. The Fw 58 was used as utility aircraft, trainer, light bomber, ambulance and liaison aircraft. 1987 built. Type: Fw 58B-1 Function: transport / trainer Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 180kW Argus As 10C Wing Span: 21.00m Length: 14.00m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 47m2 Empty Weight: 2400kg Max.Weight: 3600kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: 5600m Range: 800km Armament: 1*mg7.92mm Fw 61, Focke-Wulf More correct designation for the {Fa 61}. Fw 62, Focke-Wulf Reconnaissance floatplane, a biplane intended for shipboard duties. The {Ar 196} was preferred, and the Fw 62 was merely a back-up design. Only four were built. Type: Fw 62V1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 870hp BMW 132H Wing Span: 12.35m Length: 11.15m Height: 4.30m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2750kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fw 159, Focke-Wulf The Fw 159 was a clean parasol-wing fighter with retractable landing gear, competing with the Messerschmitt {Bf 109}. Three were built. They suffered from serious problems with their landing gear. Type: Fw 159V3 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Jumo 210 Speed: 388km/h Ceiling: 7200m Range: Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.92mm Fw 186, Focke-Wulf Autogiro, powered by a 175kW Argus As 10 engine. This aircraft was built to the same requirement as the {Fi 156} Storch. It did not enter production. Fw 187 Falke, Focke-Wulf The Fw 187 was a heavy twin-engined fighter. Despite very good performance, the Luftwaffe showed no interest, as it was firmly committed to the {Bf 110}. Nine built. Type: Fw 187A-0 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 515kW Junkers Jumo 210Ga Wing Span: 15.30m Length: 11.10m Height: 3.85m Wing Area: 30.40m2 Empty Weight: 3700kg Max.Weight: 5000kg Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: Armament: 4*mg7.9mm 2*g20mm Fw 189 Uhu, Focke-Wulf This was an twin-boom tactical reconnaissance aircraft with an extensively glazed nacelle. The Fw 189 was a very effective aircraft, maneuverable and sturdy. A few were used as nightfighters. There was also a Fw 189C five-seat trainer (few built), and a Fw 189B anti-tank aircraft with a small armored nacelle (The {Hs 129} was preferred). Total production was 864. Type: Fw 189A-1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 347kW Argus AS 410A-1 Wing Span: 18.40m Length: 12.03m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 38m2 Empty Weight: 2805kg Max.Weight: 3950kg Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 670km Armament: 4-6*mg7.92mm 4*b50kg Fw 190, Focke-Wulf The small Fw 190 was one of the greatest fighters of WWII. Designed by Dr. Kurt Tank, the Fw 190 was built as a sturdy all-round fighter, rather than a lightweight interceptor; but the early Fw 190A's nevertheless proved clearly superior to the {Spitfire} Mk.V. The Fw 190 was a better fighter than the {Bf 109}, except at high altitude. The radial-engine Fw 190 was also succesfully developed into a series of fighter-bombers. The Fw 190D-series used a liquid-cooled Junkers engine instead of the radial BMW, and had increased span and length. The Fw 190D was a very good high-altitude interceptor, equal to the {P-51}D or Spitfire XIV and without the altitude limitations of the Fw 190A. It was the stepping-stone to the {Ta 152}. Total Fw 190 production was 20001. Type: Fw 190A-3 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1250kW BMW 801D-2 Speed: 636km/h Ceiling: 11300m Range: 800km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 4*g20mm Type: Fw 190D-9 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1300kW Junkers Jumo 213A-1 Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 10.20m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 18.30m2 Empty Weight: 3490kg Max.Weight: 4840kg Speed: 685km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 835km Armament: 2*mg13mm 2*g20mm 500kg Fw 191, Focke-Wulf The Fw 191 was a high-altitude bomber. Development problems caused its abandonment. Three built. Type: Fw 191 Function: bomber Year: 1942 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 2110kW Daimler-Benz DB610A Speed: 566km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: Armament: 2-4*g20mm 4-0*mg13mm 2000kg Fw 200 Condor, Focke-Wulf The Fw 200 was designed as an advanced civilian transport aircraft. A military version became infamous as long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft, seeking targets for U-boats. The Fw 200 was not stressed for military service, and many broke up at landing. From 1944 onward they were relegated to transport duties. 276 were built. The Fw 200 also served as VIP transport, and one was Hitlers personal aircraft, the "Immelmann III". Type: Fw 200C-3/U4 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 7-8 Engines: 4 * 895kW BMW Bramo 323R-2 Wing Span: 32.85m Length: 23.45m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 119.85m2 Empty Weight: 17005kg Max.Weight: 24520kg Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 3560km Armament: 1*g20mm 5*mg13mm 4*b250kg Fw 261, Focke-Wulf Project for a four-engined bomber with twin tail booms (fitted on the outer engine nacelles, and not connectyed by the tailplane). Never built. Type: Fw 261 Function: reconnaissance / bomber Year: (1945) Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 2000hp BMW 801F Speed: 455km/h Ceiling: Range: 8500km Armament: 10000kg 10*g Fw 283, Focke-Wulf Ram-jet fighter. The Fw 283 carried two ramjet engines on the tips of its swept-back tailplane; a liquid fuel rocket in the tail would have accelerated the Fw 283 to the operating speed of the ramjets. Not built. Type: Fw 283 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Walter 2 * Focke-Wulf Wing Span: 7.8m Length: 11.5m Height: 2.9m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 1100km/h Ceiling: Range: 224km Armament: Fw 300, Focke-Wulf Improved {Fw 200}. Design only. --G-------------------------------------------------------------------------- G 38, Junkers The G 38 was one of the most remarkable aircraft of the 30s. It had an enormous, thick wing with corrugated skinning, with a wing root depth of 2.02m. Cabins with two or threee seats each were installed in the wing roots. The fuselage, altough relatively small, had two decks. Only two were built, similar in general layout but very different in detail. They were the worlds largest airliners. In September 1939 the second G 38 was impressed by the Luftwaffe. A bomber version, the {K 51}, was never built, but the Japanese {Ki-20} heavy bomber was derived from it. Type: G 38ce Function: transport Year: 1932 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 750hp Junkers L 88a Wing Span: 44m Length: 23.2m Height: 7.2m Wing Area: 305m2 Empty Weight: 16400kg Max.Weight: 23000kg Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 3100m Range: 10hrs Load: 34 seats G.91, Fiat The Italian {G.91} was declared winner of a NATO-competition for a lightweight strike aircraft. It is a small swept-wing subsonic aircraft, similar in appearance to the {F-86}K. Germany bought 411. Type: G.91R-3 Function: attack Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2270kg Bristol Orpheus 801/02 Wing Span: 8.56m Length: 10.29m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 16.42m2 Empty Weight: 3269kg Max.Weight: 5670kg Speed: 1090km/h Ceiling: 13260m Range: 1850km Armament: 2*g20mm 680kg G 115, Grob The G 115 trainer is offered in versions with a piston engine and fixed undercarriage or with a turboprop engine and retractable landing gear. It is of composite construction. Type: G 115T Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 194kW Textron Lycoming AEIO-540-D4A5 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 8.2m Height: 2.57m Wing Area: 13.13m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1300kg Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: Range: 1310km G 520 Strato 1, Grob High-altitude research and surveillance aircraft. The G 520 has a high aspect-ratio wing, not unlike those of a glider. It is constructed of advanced composite materials. Sensors are carried in twelve air-conditioned equipment bays. The G 520T is a two-seat trainer version. Type: G 520 Function: research Year: 1989 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 560kW Garrett TPE331-14F-801L Wing Span: 33.00m Length: 13.67m Height: 5.66m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 4700kg Speed: Ceiling: 15240m Range: Payload: 1000kg G 850 Strato 2, Grob Large high-altitude research aircvraft. Like the G 52 Strato 1, the Strato 2 has a high-aspect ratio wing and is of composite construction. It is powered by two turbosupercharged pusher engines, installed in nacelles on top of the shoulder wing. Type: G 850 Function: research Year: 1995 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 300kW Teledyne-Continental TSIOL-550 Voyager Wing Span: 56.50m Length: 24.00m Height: 7.80m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 13350kg Cruise Speed: 463km/h at 22000m Ceiling: 23000m Range: 8710km Payload: 1000kg Gannet, Fairey The {Gannet} was a British ASW aircraft. Sixteen were delivered to the Bundesmarine. Geest Biplane fighter, designed around the so-called 'Moewe' (gull) wing. This was not a gull-wing in the normal sense, but a complex wing with variable incidence, thickness and dihedral along its span. It offered very good stability, but the concept was not developed further. One built. Type: Geest Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Gelber Hund See {Euler "Gelber Hund"}. Go 9, Goeppingen Test aircraft with the configuration of the {Do 335}. Go 145, Gotha Trainer biplane, over 9500 built. Some were used as night harassment bombers on the eastern front. Also built in Spain. Type: Go 145C Function: trainer / attack Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 175kW Argus As 10C Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 8.70m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 21.75m2 Empty Weight: 880kg Max.Weight: 1380kg Speed: 212km/h Ceiling: 3700m Range: 630km Armament: 0-1*mg7.9mm b70kg Go 147, Gotha Reconnaissance aircraft, 1936. Go 229, Gotha Designation often given to the planned production version of the {Ho IX}. It seems that Ho 229 is more correct. Go 242, Gotha Twin-boom assault and transport glider. 1528 built. Type: Go 242A-1 Function: glider Year: 1942 Crew: 2-5 Engines: 0 * Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.9mm Load: 23 seats Go 244, Gotha Engined development of the {Go 242}, quickly withdrawn because of its vulnerability. 176 built. Type: Go 244B-2 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 525kW Gnome-Rhone 14M Wing Span: 24.50m Length: 15.80m Height: 4.70m Wing Area: 64.40m2 Empty Weight: 5100kg Max.Weight: 7800kg Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: 7650m Range: 740km Armament: 4-6*mg7.92mm Load: 23 seats Go 345, Gotha Design for a transport glider of conventional layout. 1944. Gotha Ursinus G I Bomber, 1915. Designed by Ursinus and Friedel. The G I was a biplane with two engines fitted on top of the lower wing, while the upper wing passed through the high-set fuselage. This configuration made it possible to place the engines close together for better one-engine handling. There was also a seaplane version with twin floats. Type: G I Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 2 * 160hp Mercedes D III Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: 2700m Range: Armament: 1-2*mg Gotha G II Bomber, the first Gotha bomber of own design. The engines were troublesome and production shifted to the {Gotha G III}. Type: G II Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 220hp Benz D IV Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Gotha G III Reengined {Gotha G II}. It was powered by Benz D VIa engines. Continued development produced the {Gotha G IV}. Gotha G IV Development of the {Gotha G III}. Mainstay of the German strategic bomber program. Later versions had biplane tails with twin fins and eliminated the position for the nose gunner. The blunt nose made it possible to place the engines closer together, and together with placing the tailfins in the slipstream this gave better one-engine performance -- making it possible to run the engine at full power. But none of the type G twin-engined biplanes could fly level on one engine. Another feature of the Gotha G was a 'tunnel' in the bottom of the tail, that made it possible for the tail gunner to cover the lower rear of the aircraft. Type: G IV Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 260hp Mercedes D IVa Speed: 88mph Ceiling: 21320ft Range: 522 mls Armament: 2*mg 1100lb Gotha G V Twin-engined biplane bomber. Type: G V Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 190kW Mercedes D IVa Wing Span: 23.70m Length: 11.86m Height: 4.30m Wing Area: 89.50m2 Empty Weight: 2740kg Max.Weight: 3975kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 840km Armament: 2*mg 500kg Gotha G VIII The last of the big Gotha bombers. The G VIII had tractor propellers instead of the pushers props of its predecessors. Type: G VIII Function: bomber Year: 1918 Crew: Engines: 2 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Gotha LD 5 Single-seat reconnaissance biplane. 100hp Oberursel engine. 1914. Gotha WD 2 Single-engined float biplane. 1915. Gotha WD 3 Twin-boom pusher seaplane. Prototype only. 1915. Gotha WD 5 Tractor seaplane. One built. 1915. Gotha WD 7 Twin-engined seaplane. Mainly used as trainers. Gotha WD 8 Seaplane. 1915. Gotha WD 9 Seaplane. Mercedes D III engine. Gotha WD 11 Biplane on floats with two pusher engines. 1917. Type: WD 11 Function: torpedo bomber Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 119kW Mercedes D III Speed: 120km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg 725kg Gotha WD 12 Seaplane. Mercedes D III engine. Gotha WD 13 Seaplane. 150hp Benz Bz III engine. Gotha WD 14 Torpedo bomber, that proved to be entirely unfit for this task. The 69 built were used for minelaying and reconnaissance, until they were withdrawn and scrapped. The WD 14 had a slender fuselage with a downwards sloping nose, twin floats and tractor engines. Type: WD 14 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1916 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 150kW Benz Bz III Wing Span: 25.50m Length: 14.45m Height: 5m Wing Area: 132m2 Empty Weight: 3150kg Max.Weight: 4642kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 3200m Range: 8h Armament: 2*mg 1*t Gotha WD 15 Seaplane. 260hp Mercedes D IVa engine. Gotha WD 20 Development of the {Gotha WD 14} with 200hp Benz Bz IV engine. No production. Gotha WD 22 Four-engined seaplane. No production. Gotha WD 27 Improved {Gotha WD 22}. No production. --H-------------------------------------------------------------------------- H 21, Junkers Two-seat parasol reconnaissance aircraft, with corrugated skinning. The H 21 was built in the USSR, at Fili, and the USSR used about 100. They were used to suppress resistance against Stalin's regime in the late 1920s. Type: H 21 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1922 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 185hp BMW IIIa Wing Span: 13.30m Length: 7.80m Height: Wing Area: 21.7m2 Empty Weight: 913kg Max.Weight: 1350kg Speed: 179km/h Ceiling: 5600m Range: 2.5hrs Armament: H 22, Junkers Single-seat fighter derivative of the {H 21}. It was built at Fili, in the USSR. It was a typical Junkers aircraft, of angular all-metal construction, with corrugated skinning. Performance was unacceptable. Type: H 22 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp BMW IIIa Wing Span: 10.77m Length: 6.70m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 850kg Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: H-21 Shawnee, Boeing-Vertol The {H-21} was a tandem-rotor transport helicopter of US design. 32 were license-built in Germany. H-34 Chocktaw, Sikorsky The {H-34} was an US-built helicopter. 145 were delivered to Germany, but 24 of them were diverted to Israel without seeing service. Ha 135, Blohm und Voss Small biplane trainer, a mixed-construction aircraft that was rejected by the Luftwaffe. 1934. Ha 136, Blohm und Voss Advanced monoplane trainer. This was Dr. Vogt's first design for B&V, and the first to feature the tubular wing spar. Two were built, one with an Argus As 8R engine and one with a Siemens-Halske Sh 14 radial. The Luftwaffe abandoned the advanced trainer, and decided to train pilots directly on fighters. 1934. Ha 137, Blohm und Voss Close-support aircraft and dive bomber, an inverted gull-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear derived from the {Ki.5}. The Ha 137 was a robust aircraft with a good performance. Only five were built, because the Luftwaffe wanted a two-seat dive bomber, and selected the {Ju 87}. Type: Ha 137 Function: attack Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 610hp Junkers Jumo 210Aa Speed: 186mph Ceiling: 22965ft Range: Armament: 2*mg 7.9mm MG 17 fixed; 2*g20mm MG-FF fixed; 4*b 50kg 1*b 250kg Ha 138, Blohm und Voss See {Bv 138}. Ha 139, Blohm und Voss The Ha 139 floatplane was designed as shipboard mailplane. It was a large, clean monoplane with an inverted gull wing and four diesel engines. The Ha 139 could be launched by catapult from the ship when this was near to its destination, thus delivering the post well before the ship was in port. The three built were later pressed into military service, and the third prototype was extensively modified, with a long glazed nose, for maritime reconnaissance. Type: Ha 139V3/U1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 600hp Junker jumo 205C Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 283km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: Armament: 4*mg7.9mm Ha 140, Blohm und Voss Twin-engined torpedo-bomber floatplane, based on the {Ha 139} long-range mailplane. The Ha 140 competed with the {He 115}. According to some sources the Luftwaffe actually preferred the Ha 140, but Blohm & Voss did not have the production capacity to meet the orders. Other claim that the aircraft had unacceptable handling. Only four were built. Type: Ha 140 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1937 Crew: Engines: 2 * BMW 132K Wing Span: 27.00m Length: 19.90m Height: 6.60m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 14700kg Speed: 275km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Ha 142, Blohm und Voss See {Bv 142}. Halberstadt A II License-built {Fokker A I}. Halberstadt C II Later renamed {Halberstadt CL II}. Halberstadt C V The C V was a fine high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. It served until the end of the war. Type: C V Function: reconnaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 162kW Benz Bz IV Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 200km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Halberstadt C VIII Development of the {Halberstadt C V}. The C VIII could fly at 9000m. Halberstadt CL II The CL-class were lightweight two-seat fighters and attack aircraft. The CL II was developed from the {Halberstadt D IV}. It was a successful type, that excelled both as a escort fighter and as a ground-support fighter. Good handling, a high rate of climb, and an excellent field of fire for the rear gunner were its strong points. 900 built. Type: CL II Function: attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Wing Span: 10.77m Length: 7.30m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 27.50m2 Empty Weight: 772kg Max.Weight: 1130kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 5100m Range: 3h Armament: 2-3*mg7.92mm 50kg Halberstadt CL IV Improved {Halberstadt CL II}, with improved performance and even better maneuvrability. The CL IV did not have the fine cowling lines of the CL II, but it was lighter. Type: CL IV Function: attack Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Wing Span: 10.74m Length: 6.54m Height: 2.67m Wing Area: 28.96m2 Empty Weight: 728kg Max.Weight: 1068kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 4100m Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2-3*mg Halberstadt CLS I The CLS I was a dedicated ground support aircraft, based on the {Halberstadt C VIII} reconnaissance aircraft. Development was halted at the end of WWI, and only three or four were built. Type: CLS I Function: attack / fighter-bomber Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D IIIa Wing Span: 9.70m Length: 6.95m Height: 3.05m Wing Area: 26.40m2 Empty Weight: 682kg Max.Weight: 1102kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Halberstadt D I Single-seat biplane fighter, developed from the {Halberstadt B II} trainer. The D I was reinforced and had shorter wings. Two prototypes were built. Production aircraft were modified, and were known as {Halberstadt D II}s. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Mercedes Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: 551kg Max.Weight: 739kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg Halberstadt D II Biplane fighter, a refined {Halberstadt D I}. The D II enjoyed a brief period of superiority over its adversaries. It was very robust and manoeuverable aircraft. Total production of the D II and the improved {Halberstadt D III} was 50, plus 60 built by Aviatik and Hannover. Retired in 1917. Type: D II Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 88kW Mercedes D II Wing Span: 8.80m Length: 7.30m Height: Wing Area: 23.60m2 Empty Weight: 520kg Max.Weight: 730kg Speed: 145km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 200km Armament: 1*mg7.92mm Halberstadt D III Development of the {Halberstadt D II}, powered by the 120hp Argus As II. Halberstadt D IV Biplane fighter, an elegant aircraft which had much better engine cowling lines than the {Halberstadt D II} and {Halberstadt D III}. The D IV was not accepted for production, but provided the basis for the {Halberstadt C II}. Three built. Type: D IV Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150hp Benz Bz III Wing Span: 8.40m Length: Height: Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 825kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Halberstadt D V Biplane fighter, based on the {Halberstadt D III}, with only changes to the ailerons and the wing centre section. About 90 were built, including about 35 for Turkey. The D V was retired from the Western front in the spring of 1917, but continued to serve elsewhere. Type: D V Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120hp Argus As II Wing Span: 8.70m Length: 7.30m Height: Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: 600kg Max.Weight: 812kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: Range: 200km Armament: 1-2*mg Hannover C II Later renamed {Hannover CL II}. Hannover CL II The CL II was a successful small, two-seat lightweight fighter and attack aircraft. The CL II was a biplane of conventional layout apart from its biplane tail, which was designed to offer the rear gunner a less restricted arc of fire. It was highly manoeuvrable and versatile. 639 built. Type: CL II Function: fighter / attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 180hp Argus As III Wing Span: 11.95m Length: 7.80m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 33.8m2 Empty Weight: 750kg Max.Weight: 1110kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 24600ft Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2*mg Hannover CL III Development of the {Hannover CL II}. The CL III was a bit smaller and lighter. 537 were built. The CL III had an Mercedes D.III engine, the CL IIIa an Argus As III engine. Type: CL IIIa Function: fighter / attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 134kW Argus As.III Wing Span: 11.70m Length: 7.58m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 32.70m2 Empty Weight: 717kg Max.Weight: 1080kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 3 hrs Armament: 2*mg Hannover CL IV Single-engined biplane. The outboard struts had a V-arrangment if seen from the front. Intended to fly at high altitudes. Prototype only. Hannover CL V Single-engined, two-seat fighter biplane. The CL V was designed to engine single-seat fighters on even terms. It was compact, rugged, and had a performance equivalent to that of the {Fokker D VII}. Only 46 were completed before the end of WWI, and they did not fly combat missions. Production continued after WWI, including license-production in Norway. Type: CL V Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 186hp BMW IIIa Wing Span: 10.49m Length: 7.00m Height: 2.84m Wing Area: 28.50m2 Empty Weight: 720kg Max.Weight: 1080kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: 340km Armament: 3*mg Hannover D I License-built {Halberstadt D II}. Hansa, HFB 320 Business jet with forward swept wings. Some were in military use as light transports and ECM trainers. Type: HFB 320 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1400kg G.E. CJ610-9 Wing Span: 14.49m Length: 16.61m Height: 4.94m Wing Area: 30.14m2 Empty Weight: 5425kg Max.Weight: 9200kg Speed: 825km/h Ceiling: 12190m Range: 2370km Load: Hansa-Brandenburg C I General purpose biplane, in service from 1916 to the end of WWI. Type: C.I 169 Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 164kW Benz Bz.IVa Wing Span: 12.25m Length: 8.45m Height: 3.33m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 820kg Max.Weight: 1320kg Speed: 158km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: Armament: 1*mg8mm Hansa-Brandenburg CC Single-seat flying-boat with a 'star strutting' arrangment. Type: CC Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110kW Benz Bz III Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: 3h 30m Armament: 1*mg Hansa-Brandenburg D Two-seat biplane, 1914. Hansa-Brandenburg D I See {Brandenburg D I}. Hansa-Brandenburg FB Single-seat sesquiplane flying boat. 1915. Hansa-Brandenburg FD Refined {Hansa-Brandenburg D}. Hansa-Brandenburg G I Twin-engined bomber. 12 built. Hansa-Brandenburg GNW Refined {Hansa-Brandenburg W}. Hansa-Brandenburg GW Twin-float torpedo bomber biplane. 1916. Twenty built. Hansa-Brandenburg KDW See {Brandenburg KDW}. Hansa-Brandenburg NW Refined {Hansa-Brandenburg W}. Hansa-Brandenburg W Two-seat twin-float reconnaissance biplane, powered by a Benz Bz III engine. 27 were built. 1914. Hansa-Brandenburg W 11 See {Brandenburg W 11}. Hansa-Brandenburg W 12 See {Brandenburg W 12}. Hansa-Brandenburg W 19 See {Brandenburg W 19}. Hansa-Brandenburg W 20 Small shipboard aircraft for submarines. It was a small flying boat with biplane wings and a 80hp Le Rhone engine in a pusher setup. It could be dissambled and stored by four men in six minutes. Three were built, but never operationally used. The end of WWI halted development. Hansa-Brandenburg W 25 See {Brandenburg W 25}. Hansa-Brandenburg W 27 See {Brandenburg W 27}. Hansa-Brandenburg W 29 See {Brandenburg W 29}. Hansa-Brandenburg W 32 Development of the {Hansa-Brandenburg W 12}. Hansa-Brandenburg W 33 See {Brandenburg W 33}. Harvard, North American T-6. Germany used some Canadian-built North American {T-6} trainers. HD 17, Heinkel Reconnaissance floatplane, powered by a 450hp napier Lion engine. 1926. HD 23, Heinkel Single-seat shipboard fighter, developed for Japan. Of course Germany was not allowed to build combat aircraft at the time, but the Japanese members of the allied control comission helped Heinkel to avoid being caught. Two were built by Heinkel, and two more by Aichi in Japan as the type H. The HD 23 was overweight and had a poor performance. Type: HD 23 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 660hp BMW VIa Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 7.55m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 35.32m2 Empty Weight: 1470kg Max.Weight: 2070kg Speed: 249km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm HD 25, Heinkel Two-seat twin-float reconnaissance biplane. 450hp Napier Lion engine, 1928. Built for Japan. HD 26, Heinkel Single-seat float biplane, developed for Japan. The HD 26 was designed to take off from the gun turret of a battleship. Heinkel built one, and Aichi in Japan built one more, powered by a 420hp Jupiter VI radial. The HD 26 became obsolete with the introduction of catapults on battleships and cruisers. Type: HD 26 Function: reconnaissance/fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS 8 Wing Span: 11.80m Length: 8.44m Height: 3.59m Wing Area: 37.84m2 Empty Weight: 1150kg Max.Weight: 1677kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm HD 28, Heinkel Three-seat reconnaissance version of the {HD 23}. 450hp Bristol Jupiter VI engine. Built for Japan. HD 37, Heinkel Single-seat biplane fighter. The HD 37 was not accepted by the clandestine German air force, but the USSR bought a small number and a licence. 134 were built in the USSR as the {I-7}. Type: HD 37 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp BMW VI 7,3Z Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.95m Height: Wing Area: 26.71m2 Empty Weight: 1296kg Max.Weight: 1729kg Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: Range: 700km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm HD 38, Heinkel This was a refined version of the {HD 37}, with interchangeable wheel and float undercarriages. 12 were ordered by the secret German air force to equip a naval fighter unit, but they were soon relegated to training duties. Type: HD 38a Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp BMW VI 7,3Z Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 7.20m Height: 3.65m Wing Area: 30.15m2 Empty Weight: 1415kg Max.Weight: 1840kg Speed: 285km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm HD 42, Heinkel Two-seat, twin-float biplane trainer. Some were also used as reconnaissance aircraft. HD 43, Heinkel The HD 43 single-seat biplane fighter was designed for the clandestine German air force. The HD 43 was a conventional biplane of mixed construction. The air force preferred the Arado {Ar 65}. Prototype only. Type: HD 43 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp BMW VI 7,3Z Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 7.10m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 26.56m2 Empty Weight: 1280kg Max.Weight: 1700kg Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: He 1, Heinkel Low-wing float monoplane. The He 1 was built in Sweden and for the Swedish Navy. 240hp Maybach Mb IV engine. 1923. He 2, Heinkel Development of the {He 1}. Type: He 2 Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 360hp R.R. Eagle IX Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: He 4, Heinkel Reconnaissance floatplane, development of the {He 2}. 1926. He 5, Heinkel Reconnaissance floatplane, development of the {He 4}. Type: He 5c Function: reconnaissance Year: 1926 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 485kW Bristol Pegasus IIm3 Speed: 280km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 800km Armament: 1-2*mg7.9mm He 8, Heinkel Floatplane built for the Danish Navy, a development of the {He 5}. 25 built. Type: He 8 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1927 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Armstrong Siddelay Jaguar Speed: 134mph Ceiling: 19685ft Range: Armament: He 31, Heinkel Development of the {He 8} with a 800hp Packard engine. He 42, Heinkel Trainer and reconnaissance aircraft. Type: He 42C-2 Function: reconnaissance / SAR Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 280kW Junkers Jumo L5 Ga Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 4180m Range: 1050km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm He 45, Heinkel The He 45 biplane was built as a trainer (He 45A) and as reconnaissance and bomber aircraft (He 45B and C). The He 45 was widely used during the build-up of the Luftwaffe, but was obsolete when WWII began. However, in late 1942 some He 45s were used on the Eastern front as night harassment bombers. 512 built. Type: He 45C Function: reconnaissance / bomber Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 550kW BMW VI 7.3 Wing Span: 11.50m Length: 10.00m Height: 3.60m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2745kg Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 1200km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 300kg He 46, Heinkel The He 46 was designed as a sesquiplane but entered production as a parasol wing monoplane. It was used in combat in Spain but was almost entirely replaced by the {Hs 126} in 1940. Some were nevertheless in service until 1943. 481 built. Type: He 46C-1 Function: reconnaissance / attack Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 480kW Bramo 322B SAM Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 9.50m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2300kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1000km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm 200kg He 49, Heinkel This was the precursor of the {He 51}. The He 49 was introduced as an "advanced (civil) trainer" in 1932, but it was actually an advanced biplane fighter. The He 49 was a clean, elegant aircraft of mixed construction. Three prototypes were built, the fourth was renamed He 51. Type: He 49b Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp BMW VI 6,0 Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 8.24m Height: Wing Area: 27.20m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1950kg Speed: 325km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm He 50, Heinkel The He 50 was designed to a Japanese specification, and developments of it were built in Japan as the {D1A}. It was a sturdy biplane dive bomber of mixed construction; the Luftwaffe received 111, which were considered transition types, suitable for the training of dive bomber crews. Some were used until 1943 on the Eastern front. The type also saw brief service in China, which bought two dozen. Type: He 50A Function: dive bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 2-1 Engines: 1 * 600hp SAM 22B Wing Span: 11.47m Length: 9.58m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 34.8m2 Empty Weight: 1600kg Max.Weight: 2620kg Speed: 235km/h at 800m, 230km/h at S/L Ceiling: 6400m Range: 600km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm MG 15 fixed; 1*mg7.92mm MG 17 flexible; 1*b 250kg or 500kg He 51, Heinkel Biplane fighter, developed from the {He 49}. The He 51 replaced the {Ar 65} as the main fighter of the Luftwaffe. It's combat record in Spain was not very good. Because it was so inferior to the Italian {CR.32} and the Soviet {I-15} it was used mainly as ground attack aircraft, and helped develop the army-cooperation tactics of the Luftwaffe. 725 built, of which 46 with float undercarriage. Type: He 51B-1 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 559kW BMW VI 7.3Z Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 8.40m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 27.20m2 Empty Weight: 1460kg Max. Weight: 1895kg Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: 7700m Range: 570km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm He 52, Heinkel Development of the {He 51}. He 55, Heinkel Two-seat shipboard flying boat. Type: He 55 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 600hp Siemens Speed: 194km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: He 56, Heinkel Two-seat reconnaissance biplane, 1932. In Japan Aichi built a development as the {E3A}. He 59, Heinkel A big twin-float biplane. Despite its oldfashioned appearance, the He 59 was in first-line service until 1943 and achieved some succes, mainly in the search-and-rescue role. Type: He 59B-2 Function: reconnaissance / torpedo-bomber Year: 1930 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 485kW BMW VI 6.0ZU Wing Span: 23.70m Length: 17.40m Height: 7.10m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 9000kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 1530km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 1000kg He 60, Heinkel Biplane on floats, designed as shipboard aircraft but used mainly from shore bases. In service until 1943, when it was replaced by the {Ar 196}. Approx 205 built. Type: He 60C Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 485kW BMW VI 6.0ZU Wing Span: 13.50m Length: 11.50m Height: 5.30m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3425kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 720km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm He 61, Heinkel Two-seat reconnaissance biplane. 1932. He 62, Heinkel Two-seat reconnaissance biplane. 1932. He 63, Heinkel Two-seat trainer biplane. 1932. Ten built. He 64, Heinkel Two-seat trainer monoplane. Few built. He 66, Heinkel Export designation of the {He 50}. He 70 Blitz, Heinkel The He 70 was designed as a fast mailplane, inspired by the Lockheed Orion. Its excellent streamlining inspired many other designs. Although useful, it had a relatively brief commercial career, before it was replaced by types which could carry more passengers. As a combat aircraft it was a not a great success, because it rapidly became outdated. Type: He 70F-1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1932 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 550kW BMW 7.3z Wing Span: 14.80m Length: 11.70m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3420kg Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 800km Armament: 1*mg7.92mm 300kg He 72 Kadett, Heinkel Biplane primary trainer. Type: He 72B-1 Function: trainer / liaison Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Siemens Sh 14A Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 7.50m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 20.70m2 Empty Weight: 540kg Max. Weight: 865kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 475km Armament: He 74, Heinkel Scaled-down version of the {He 51} biplane, intended as advanced trainer and home defence fighter. The {Fw 56} was selected for this requirement. Three built. Type: He 74B Function: fighter / trainer Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180kW Argus As 10C-1 Speed: 280km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: Armament: 1*mg7.9mm He 100, Heinkel In the late 1930s, Heinkel's {He 112} had lost the competition for the fighter contract with the {Bf 109}. In 1938 the He 100 appeared, a sleek, advanced fighter. Prototypes used surface evaporation cooling to reduce drag, and one set a world speed record. Luftwaffe interest was limited to a small number of pre-series aircraft. The few built were highly publicized as the 'He 113' in a propaganda effort. Six were sold to the USSR and three to Japan. 25 built. Type: He 100D-1 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 865kW Daimler-Benz DB601Aa Wing Span: 9.42m Length: 8.19m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 14.50m2 Empty Weight: 2070kg Max. Weight: 2500kg Speed: 668km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 1*g20mm He 111, Heinkel Medium bomber, also used in small numbers as civilian transport. The early versions of the He 111 -- with a stepped cockpit -- flew in the Spanish civil war. During WWII the later developments of the He 111 with an unstepped, asymmetric, extensivily glazed nose were used. The He 111 was a good medium bomber, but suffered severely from the Luftwaffe's lack of long-range escort fighters, and was kept in production long after it should have been replaced. Production ceased in 1944 after more than 7300 aircraft. Postwar Spain built He 111's with R.R. Merlin engines as the {CASA 2.111}, and continued to use the type until 1958! Type: He 111B-2 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 700kW Daimler-Benz DB600CG Speed: 370km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1660km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 1500kg Type: He 111H-16 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 990kW Junkers Jumo 211F-2 Wing Span: 22.60m Length: 16.40m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 86.50m2 Empty Weight: 8680kg Max. Weight: 14000kg Speed: 405km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 2060km Armament: 1*g20mm 1*mg13mm 5*mg7.9mm 3250kg He 111Z, Heinkel Two {He 111}H-6's were joined by a new wing section with a fifth engine, to create a tug aircraft capable of towing the {Me 321}. Ten built. Type: He 111Z-1 Function: glider tug Year: Crew: 9 Engines: 5 * Junkers Jumo 211F Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: He 112, Heinkel Monoplane fighter, competing for orders with the {Bf 109} in 1935. The original He 112A was conceptually less advanced than the Bf 109, but this was caused by the official requirements. After the Bf 109 had been chosen, Heinkel continued development of a complete redesign, the He 112B. This too was rejected. The He 112 was then only built for export, but the Luftwaffe used some for a short time during the Sudeten crisis. 68 built. Two of the He 112A prototypes served in the Spanish civil war; later 17 He 112Bs were sold to the Spanish nationalists. Other users were Japan (12), Romania (30) and Hungary (4). Type: He 112V4 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 680hp Junkers Jumo 210Da Wing Span: 11.50m Length: 9.00m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 23.20m2 Empty Weight: 1680kg Max.Weight: Speed: 488km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: Armament: Type: He 112B-1 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 515kW Junkers Jumo 210G Wing Span: 9.10m Length: 9.30m Height: 3.85m Wing Area: 17.00m2 Empty Weight: 1620kg Max. Weight: Speed: 510km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 1100km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.92mm 6*b10kg He 113, Heinkel Non-existing fighter, created by the German propaganda using pictures of the {He 100}. Allegedly, the designation had first been used for the {He 118}, but was abandoned for reasons of superstition! He 114, Heinkel Float sesquiplane, designed to replace the {He 60}. After 98 were built production was halted because the far more advanced {Ar 196} was preferred. Most He 114s then served from shore bases. Type: He 114A-2 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 705kW BMW 132K Wing Span: 13.60m Length: 11.09m Height: 5.15m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3400kg Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 4900m Range: 920km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 2*b50kg He 115, Heinkel The He 115 was a big, but reasonably sleek, twin-float monoplane. It was not suitable as a torpedo bomber, but performed very well in a variety of roles. The He 115 was also sold to Norway. At least four were used by the RAF, and two operated clandestinely with German markings. Over 500 were built. Type: He 115B-1 Function: torpedo bomber / reconnaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 710kW BMW 132K Wing Span: 22.20m Length: 17.30m Height: 6.60m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 10400kg Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: 5200m Range: 3350km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 1250kg He 116, Heinkel Long-range civil aircraft, designed as a mail carrier. The He 116 was unsuccesfully tried as reconnaissance aircraft. 14 built. Type: He 116B-0 Function: liaison / observation Year: 1937 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 175kW Hirth HM508H Speed: 325km/h Ceiling: 6600m Range: 3400km Armament: He 118, Heinkel Two-seat monoplane dive bomber, a sleek aircraft with a quasi-elliptical wing. The He 118 was larger and more refined than its competitors, with an internal bomb bay and retractable landing gear. But the He 118 could not safely exceed a diving angle of about 50 degrees, while the {Ju 87} could be dived vertically. Of the 13 built, two were delivered to Japan, were they influenced the design of the {D4Y}. The He 118 is best known for its role in the testing of jet engines. Type: He 118A-01 Function: dive bomber Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 880hp Daimler-Benz DB600C Wing Span: 15.10m Length: 11.18m Height: 4.20m Wing Area: 37.7m2 Empty Weight: 2700kg Max.Weight: 4120kg Speed: 395km/h at 6000m Ceiling: 8800m Range: 1250km Armament: 2*mg 7.92mg MG 17 fixed; 1*mg 7.92mm MG 15 flexible; 1*b 500kg or 250kg He 119, Heinkel Experimental two-seat reconnaissance aircraft. The He 119 had a DB 606 or DB 610 'double' engine, buried in the fuselage, driving a propeller in front of the transparent, unstepped nose. To streamline the aircraft even more, it used surface radiator cooling instead of conventional radiators. It set a speed record before WWII; attempts to create a bomber from it were abandoned early in WWII. Eight were completed. Type: He 119V1 Function: reconnaissance / bomber Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1250hp Daimler-Benz DB 603 Speed: 600km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1000kg He 162 Salamander, Heinkel The He 162 was developed in an very short time to fullfil a requirement for an 'emergency' jet fighter, to be built from non-strategic materials in underground factories, and to be flown by 'Hitlerjugend' pilots with only glider training. Despite this brain-damaged scheme the He 162 actually was a satisfactory fighter, but only about 150 were delivered before the end of WWII. It was a very small fighter with straight wings and twin tailfins, carrying its engine on its back. About 275 were built, and 800 more were in various stages of completion. Type: He 162A-2 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 910kg BMW 003E Wing Span: 8.45m Length: 9.10m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 11.15m2 Empty Weight: 1750kg Max. Weight: 2785kg Speed: 890km/h at S/L, 905km/h at 6000m Ceiling: 12000m Range: 620km Armament: 2*g20mm, 120rpg He 170, Heinkel Export development of the {He 70}. 19 built. Type: He 170A Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 670kW Manfred Weiss WM-K-14 Speed: 415km/h Ceiling: 8290m Range: 920km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm He 172, Heinkel Development of the {He 72}. One built. He 176, Heinkel Experimental rocket-engined aircraft, based on {He 112}. 5.89kN Walter HWK-R1 203 engine. He 177 Greif, Heinkel The He 177 was the only series built German heavy bomber of WWII, and a dismal failure. The requirement that it would be able to act as a dive-bomber, and the insistence on using two DB 606 engines -- units consisting of two joined DB601 engines -- were responsible for this failure of an otherwise advanced design. The He 177 was overweight, had structural weaknesses and frequently suffered from engine fires. 1094 built, but most were never used in combat. Type: He 177A-1 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 5-6 Engines: 2 * 1990kW Daimler-Benz DB606 Wing Span: 31.44m Length: 20.40m Height: 6.39m Wing Area: 102m2 Empty Weight: 16800kg Max. Weight: 31000kg Speed: 510km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 5600km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg13mm 3*mg7.9mm 6000kg He 178, Heinkel The He 178 was the worlds first jet aircraft, in August 27, 1938. It was a high-wing aircraft of conventional, clean lines, with a nose intake. Two built, but only one flown. Type: He 178V1 Function: experimental Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500kg Heinkel S3B Speed: 700km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: He 219 Uhu, Heinkel The He 219 was a fast twin-engined aircraft, designed to be build in heavy fighter, fighter-bomber and nighfighter versions. Especially the nightfighter was a succes, although it was a bit underpowered and not fast enough to effectively intercept the British Mosquito bomber. The He 219 was doomed by political decisions, including insistence that Heinkel should concentrate on the construction of bombers. Only 294 were built. The He 219 was the first production aircraft with ejection seats; the cockpit design was one of its highly praised features. Type: He 219A-5 Function: nightfighter Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1320kW Daimler-Benz DB603E Wing Span: 18.50m Length: 15.54m Height: 4.10m Wing Area: 44.50m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 670km/h Ceiling: 12070m Range: 2800km Armament: 6*g20mm He 270, Heinkel Development of the {He 70} with a 865kW Daimler-Benz DB601A engine. One built. He 274, Heinkel High-altitude bomber developed from the {He 177}. The He 274 prototype was built in France and not completed until after the end of WWII. It flew in the French air force until 1953. Type: He 274 Function: bomber Year: 1945 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 1850hp Daimler-Benz DB 603 Speed: 496km/h Ceiling: 16000m Range: Armament: He 275, Heinkel One built. Type: He 275 Function: bomber Year: 1945 Crew: Engines: 4 * 1280kW Daimler-Benz DB603A-1 Speed: Ceiling: 16000m Range: Armament: He 277, Heinkel Development of {He 177} with four 1750hp Daimler-Benz DB603A engines. Eight built. He 280, Heinkel The He 280 was the first jet fighter to fly. It was a conventional twin-engined low-wing design, with straight wings and twin tail fins. Its development was delayed by engine problems and political indifference, and when the jet programma was finally pressed ahead, it was abandoned in favour of the more advanced {Me 262}. Nine built. Type: He 280V6 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 840kg Junkers Jumo 004 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 817km/h Ceiling: 11500m Range: Armament: 3*g20mm He 319, Heinkel Development of the {He 219}. Not built. He 343, Heinkel Design for a four-engined jet bomber. He 419, Heinkel Development of the {He 219} with DB 603G engines and longer wings. Six built, based on He 219A-5 fuselages. He 535, Heinkel Development of the {Do 335} with a HeS 011 jet engine replacing the pusher engine, and a DB 603 or Jumo 213 tractor engine retained in the nose. Not built. Heron, de Havilland British four-engined light transport. Two used by the Luftwaffe as VIP transports. Ho I, Horten Experimental flying wing glider. One built. Ho II, Horten Experimental flying wing glider. Four built, one was fitted with an 80hp engine. Ho III, Horten Experimental flying wing glider, an enlarged development of the {Ho II}. Ho IV, Horten High-performance flying wing glider. Four built. Ho V, Horten Experimental flying wing aircraft, designed as a combat aircraft. The Ho Va and Ho Vb were two-seaters powered by two 60hp Hirth HM 60R engines. The Ho Vc was converted from the Ho Vb, and was a single-seater. Two built. Ho VI, Horten Experimental flying wing glider. Ho VII, Horten Experimental flying wing aircraft. Two built. The Ho.VII was designed to accept a pulse jet engine, but this was never installed. Type: Ho VII Function: experimental Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 180kW Argus As 10 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ho.VIII, Horten Design for a six-engined flying-wing bomber, with a wing span of 40m. It was never completed. Ho X, Horten Design for a supersonic delta wing aircraft. Ho IX, Horten The Ho IX was a jet-powered flying-wing fighter-bomber, evolved from the long series of Horten experimental flying-wing aircraft. The Ho IX had swept wings, and no fuselage section; the pilot sat in the thick wing center section. The engines were buried in the wing behind him. Production aircraft would have been named Ho 229, but because production would have been done by Gotha, they are often erronously referred to as Go 229. Three prototypes were built, only two flown, one of them unpowered. An interesting modification to the production version would have been the use of charcoal as a primitive radar- absorbent material. Type: Ho IX Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 860kg Junkers Jumo 004B Wing Span: 16.76m Length: 7.47m Height: 2.81m Wing Area: 50.20m2 Empty Weight: 4600kg Max.Weight: 8100kg Speed: 800km/h Ceiling: Range: 1900km Armament: 4*g30mm 2000kg (never fitted) Ho XIII, Horten Project for a tailless supersonic fighter, with 70 degrees wing sweep, and powered with two jet engines and two rocket engines. Ho XVIII, Horten The Ho XVIII remained a paper aircraft, because the project was submitted to the RLM as late as March 1945. The Ho XVIII was a six-engined flying-wing jet-bomber. Ho 229, Horten Production version of the {Ho IX}. See there. The Ho 229 was built by Gotha, and is often erronously referred to as Go 229. Hs 122, Henschel The Hs 122 was a parasol-monoplane army-cooperation design. Performance was mediocre. Hence the type was developed into the {Hs 126}. Type: Hs 122B-0 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 660hp Siemens-Halske Sh 22B Wing Span: 31.44m Length: 19.40m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 31000kg Speed: 488km/h Ceiling: Range: Hs 123, Henschel The Hs 123 was a biplane dive-bomber. Production ceased in 1940, and its retirement was considered imminent. But the Hs 123 proved to be a very effective ground support and attack aircraft, and every available Hs 123 was taken from the training units and put in frontline service. They continued in frontline service until late 1944, when no more were left. Resumption of production had been recommended in 1943, but this could not be done, because all rigs had been destroyed in 1940. Type: Hs 123A-1 Function: attack Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 650kW BMW 132Dc Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 8.33m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 24.85m2 Empty Weight: 1500kg Max. Weight: 2215kg Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 860km Armament: 0-2*g20mm 0-2*mg7.9mm 450kg Hs 124, Henschel Twin-engined strategic fighter, competing for orders with the {Fw 57} and {Bf 110}. The Hs 124 was bulkier than the Bf 110 and Fw 57. The blunt, glazed nose seated a gunner. For its size the Hs 124 was a agile and fast aircraft, but Luftwaffe requirements were better fulfilled by the Bf 110. Three built. Type: Hs 124V2 Function: fighter / fighter-bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 850hp BMW 132Dc Wing Span: 18.20m Length: 14.50m Height: 3.75m Wing Area: 54.60m2 Empty Weight: 4250kg Max.Weight: Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: Range: 2450km Armament: 2*g20mm Hs 126, Henschel Parasol monoplane, the most important tactical reconnaissance aircraft of the Luftwaffe during the first part of WWII. Over 600 were built. Type: Hs 126B-1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 660kW Bramo 323A-1 Wing Span: 14.50m Length: 10.85m Height: 3.75m Wing Area: 31.60m2 Empty Weight: 2030kg Max. Weight: 3090kg Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: 8600m Range: 720km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm 150kg Hs 127, Henschel Unsuccessful competitor for the {Ju 88}. Hs 128, Henschel Twin-engined monoplane, a high-altitude research aircraft. Hs 129, Henschel The Hs 129 was a heavily armoured ground support aircraft. The A series was underpowered, so the much-modified B used captured French engines. The Hs 129 had a cramped cockpit, poor performance, unreliable engines, and sluggish handling. Heavy armour and armament made the Hs 129 a capable anti-tank aircraft, but losses were high. An very unusual feature was the external mounting, on the nose, of the Revi gunsight; there simply was no room left in the cockpit! 879 built. Type: Hs 129B-1/R2 Function: attack Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 515kW Gnome-Rhone 14M04/05 Wing Span: 14.20m Length: 9.75m Height: 3.25m Wing Area: 29m2 Empty Weight: 3810kg Max. Weight: 5110kg Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 880km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm 2*g20mm 1*g30mm 350kg Hs 130, Henschel High-altitude reconnaissance bomber, developed from the {Hs 128}. The A-06 and A-07 pre-series aircraft had a wing span of 29m, and turbosupercharged DB 605 engines. They could reach 15500m. The Hs 130E was powered by two Daimler-Benz DB 603 engines, which were supplied with a air by a compressor, driven by a DB 605. This configuration was known as 'HZ Anlage'. In 1944 the programme was cancelled. Type: Hs 130E Function: reconnaissance Year: 1943 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * Daimler-Benz DB 603S Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 512km/h Ceiling: +13700m Range: Armament: 4*mg13mm 1*g20mm Hs 132, Henschel The Hs 132 was a jet-engined dive bomber. The pilot lay prone in a small fuselage; the single engine was carried on the back, and the aircraft was fitted with twin tail fins. The factory was occupied by the Soviet army just when flight tests were prepared. Type: Hs 132A Function: dive bomber Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 800kg BMW 003A-1 Speed: 700km/h Ceiling: Range: 1120km Armament: 500kg Hs 291, Henschel Air-dropped sea-skimming missile. Never built. Hs 293, Henschel The Hs 293 was a guided missile. Basically it was a winged bomb with an underslung rocket engine, and a flare fitted to the tail. The aimer directed the flare light to the target by radio control. Hu 211, Hutter This was a development of the {He 219} with long-span wings and Jumo 222 engines. Ordered for the high-altitude reconnaissance. It was never completed. --I-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Il-62, Ilyushin Three {Il-62}s continued in service with the forces of the reunited Germany for a short time, and were then put on sale. --J-------------------------------------------------------------------------- J 1, Junkers Experimental two-seat aircraft of all-metal construction. It was fast, because its cantilever wing had low drag. But the construction was too heavy. One built. J 2, Junkers This was the first all-metal monoplane fighter, a single-seat derivative of the {J 1}. The Junkers J 2 had a thick, cantilever wing. It was built of steel, and as a consequence it was heavy and had a poor climb rate. Six were built. Type: J 2 Function: fighters Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 11.70m Length: 7.43m Height: 3.13m Wing Area: 19.00m2 Empty Weight: 1018kg Max.Weight: 1165kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: J 3, Junkers Single-seat all-metal fighter, built of duralumin. Discarded when partially completed. 1916. J 7, Junkers Single-seat monoplane fighter. The J 7 was a low-wing monoplane of all-metal duralumin construction, with corrugated skinning. The air force did not invite Junkers to participate in the 1918 fighter competition; but the performance of the J 7 was excellent. Yet it was not ordered, because the design had been overtaken by the J 9 ({Junkers D I}). One built. Type: J 7 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 9.20m Length: 6.70m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 11.70m2 Empty Weight: 656kg Max.Weight: 805kg Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: J 8, Junkers All-metal, two-seat, low-wing monoplane fighter. The J 8 was of the now familiar angular duralumin construction with corrugated skinning. A production contract was placed for a developed version, the J 10 ({Junkers CL I}). Three built. Type: J 8 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 12.04m Length: 7.90m Height: 2.66m Wing Area: 23.40m2 Empty Weight: 710kg Max.Weight: 1050kg Speed: 161km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: J 9, Junkers See {Junkers D I}. J 10, Junkers See {Junkers CL I}. JetStar, Lockheed C-140 Four used as VIP transports by the Luftwaffe. JM, Germania Single-seat biplane fighter. The JM had a configuration similar to that of the {DB}. No production. Type: JM Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Argus As I Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ju 13, Junkers See {F 13}. Ju 20, Junkers The Ju 20 was actually designed and built in Sweden and the USSR, because the Versailles treaty halted aircraft construction in Germany. It was a low-wing monoplane of metal construction, with corrugated skinning. 40 built for the Soviet military. Type: Ju 20 Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 185hp MBW IIIa Wing Span: 17.80m Length: 8.30m Height: Wing Area: 32m2 Empty Weight: 1113kg Max.Weight: Speed: 181km/h Ceiling: Range: 570km Armament: Ju 21, Junkers See {H 21}. Ju 22, Junkers See {H 22}. Ju 52, Junkers The angular Ju 52 with its corrugated skinning became a familiar sight in WWII --- it was the Luftwaffe's main transport aircraft. The Ju 52 first flew as a single-engined aircraft; it was soon redesigned to have three engines. Some pre-war aircraft had twin tail fins, but most had single fins. It was also used a bomber, and served as such in the Spanish civil war, but became far better known as a reliable and versatile transport aircraft. 4835 were built, but production did not compensate the losses. The Swiss air force flew three Ju 52's from 1939 to 1981! Type: Ju 52/3m g3e Function: transport Year: 1933 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 3 * 540kW BMW 132A-3 Wing Span: 29.25m Length: 18.90m Height: 5.55m Wing Area: 110.50m2 Empty Weight: 5720kg Max.Weight: 10500kg Speed: 275km/h Ceiling: 5900m Range: 1285km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm Load: 18 seats Ju 60, Junkers The Ju 60 was a single-engined fast mailplane, competing with the {He 70}. The Ju 60 was less advanced, with a semi-retractable undercarriage and corrugated wing skinning. Some were used during WWII as liaison aircraft. Type: Ju 60 Function: transport Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 575hp P&W Hornet Wing Span: 14.30m Length: 11.82m Height: Wing Area: 34.99m2 Empty Weight: 2097kg Max.Weight: 3090kg Speed: 282km/h Ceiling: Range: 1000km Load: 6 seats, 1000kg Ju 61, Junkers High altitude bomber. Two were built, the second one equipped with a pressure cabin. 1937. Type: Ju 61 Function: bomber Year: 1937 Crew: Engines: 2 * 700kW Daimler-Benz DB600 Wing Span: 27.00m Length: 14.36m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ju 82, Junkers Design for a jet fighter, with two Argus As 014 pulse jet engines. Not built. 1942. Ju 85, Junkers Alternative for the {Ju 88}, a twin-engined bomber with twin tailfins. The Luftwaffe preferred the Ju 88. Not built. Ju 86, Junkers Twin-engined monoplane bomber and civil transport. Most had two Jumo 205 Diesel engines, but these were not entirely satisfactory and the Ju 86E ad BMW 132F radials instead. The Ju 86 never was a very good bomber, and at the start of WWII it was obsolete. Some were exported to Sweden, South Africa, Hungary, Chile and Portugal. The most famous versions were the R and P high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft, that operated above Britain and the USSR. These had a blunt glazed nose with a pressure cabin, very long span wings, and Jumo 207 Diesel engines. At high altitude, they were virtually untouchable. Type: Ju 86D-1 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 447kW Junkers Ju 205C-4 Wing Span: 22.50m Length: 17.87m Height: 5.06m Wing Area: 82m2 Empty Weight: 5150kg Max.Weight: 8200kg Speed: 325km/h Ceiling: 5900m Range: 1500km Armament: 3*mg7.92mm 800kg Ju 87 'Stuka', Junkers 'Stuka' or 'Sturzkampfflugzeug' was the general German terminology for dive-bombers, but the Ju 87 with its inverted gull wing, and fixed-undercarriage was the most famous and feared of all. The Ju 87 was ugly, sturdy, accurate, but very vulnerable to enemy fighters; its use demanded air superiority. But its effectiviness in destroying fortifications or ships, or just scaring people, was undoubted. On the eastern front the last Ju 87 versions were employed as anti-tank aircraft with underwing 37mm guns. Over 5700 built. Type: Ju 87B-1 Function: dive bomber Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 880kW Junkers Jumo 211Da Wing Span: 45ft 3in Length: 36ft 5in Height: 13ft 2in Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 385km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 600km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 1000kg Type: Ju 87G-1 Function: anti-tank Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1400hp Junkers Jumo 211J Wing Span: 15.00m Length: 11.50m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 33.69m2 Empty Weight: 4400kg Max.Weight: 6600kg Speed: 314km/h Ceiling: Range: 320km Armament: 2*g37mm 1*mg7.92mm Ju 88, Junkers The Ju 88 was one of the most versatile aircraft of WWII. It began its career as a fast (dive-)bomber and reconnaissance aircraft, and later was used also as torpedo-bomber, nightfighter, heavy day fighter and anti-tank aircraft. The first fighter conversions of the Ju 88 were very similar to the bomber versions, with only modifications to the nose and a gondola under the forward fuselage to accomodate radar and guns; the later Ju 88G was a specialized fighter with the tail of the {Ju 188}. The aircraft remained a formidable opponent throughout WWII. 10774 built, of which no less than 104 prototypes and experimental versions. Type: Ju 88A-4 Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1007kW Junkers Jumo 211J-1 Wing Span: 20.00m Length: 14.40m Height: 4.85m Wing Area: 54.50m2 Empty Weight: 9860kg Max.Weight: 14000kg Speed: 470km/h Ceiling: 8200m Range: 2730km Armament: 6*mg7.92mm 2000kg Type: Ju 88G-6 Function: nightfighter Year: 1944 Crew: 3-4 Engines: 2 * 1305kW Junkers Jumo 213A-1 Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: 9600 Range: 2195km Armament: 5-6*g20mm 1*mg13mm Ju 89, Junkers Four-engined heavy bomber, a competitor of the {Do 19}. It was cancelled, but Junkers re-used elements for the Ju 90 airliner, which was later developed into the {Ju 290}. Ju 160, Junkers Small transport, a development of the {Ju 60} fast mailplane. The Ju 160 had smooth wing skinning and fully retractable landing gear. 48 were built. Type: Ju 160 Function: transport Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 485kW BMW 132E Wing Span: 14.30m Length: 12.00m Height: Wing Area: 34.99m2 Empty Weight: 2130kg Max.Weight: 3540kg Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: 5200m Range: 1100km Load: 6 seats, 1405kg Ju 186, Junkers Design for a development of the Ju 86p, with four Jumo 208 diesel engines. Cancelled in 1942. Ju 187, Junkers Development of the {Ju 87} with a retractable undercarriage. Not built. Ju 188, Junkers The Ju 188 was a development of the {Ju 88}, intended as an interim aircraft pending the introduction (that never came) of more advanced bombers. It had a redesigned nose, longer wings, a broad-chord tailfin and extended stabilizers. Depending on the version, it was powered by BMW 801 radials or Jumo 213 in-line engines. The S and T models, which had pressure cabins and no defensive armament, were the basis of the {Ju 388}. 1036 were built, the majority D and F reconnaissance versions. Type: Ju 188D-2 Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1268kW Junkers Jumo 213A-1 Wing Span: 22.00m Length: 14.95m Height: 4.44m Wing Area: 56.00m2 Empty Weight: 9900kg Max.Weight: 15195kg Speed: 539km/h Ceiling: 10000m Max. Range: 3395km Armament: 1*g20mm 1*mg13mm 2*mg7.9mm Type: Ju 188E-1 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1250kW BMW 801D-2 Wing Span: 22.00m Length: 14.95m Height: 4.44m Wing Area: 56m2 Empty Weight: 9860kg Max.Weight: 14510kg Speed: 523km/h Ceiling: 9350m Range: 1940km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg13mm 2*mg7.9mm Ju 248, Junkers Development of the {Me 163}, later renamed {Me 263}. Ju 252, Junkers The Ju 252 was designed to replace the {Ju 52}, but it was decided to continue production of the old, but proven Ju 52. The Ju 252 too was three-engined, but it had an entirely new airframe. The production of transport aircraft never had much priority. 25 built. Type: Ju 252A-1 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 3 Engines: 3 * 985kW Junkers Jumo 211F Speed: 437km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 6600km Armament: 1*mg13mm 2*mg7.9mm Load: 32 seats Ju 268, Junkers Design for a jet-powered 'Mistel' combination, the upper aircraft of which would be the {He 162}. Two BMW 003 engines, a warhead of 7720lb. Ju 286, Junkers High-altitude aircraft, not built. Ju 287, Junkers The Ju 287 was an unconventional jet bomber prototype with forward swept wings. Two of the engines were fixed to the sides of the front fuselage, two under the wings. The Ju 287 used the fuselage of the {He 177}, the tail of the {Ju 388}, the main wheels of the {Ju 352} and the nose wheel of a Consolidated {B-24} Liberator... Only one was built. Development continued postwar in the USSR. Type: Ju 287V1 Function: experimental Year: 1944 Crew: 3 Engines: 4 * 900kg Junkers Jumo 004B-1 Speed: 559km/h Ceiling: 10800m Range: Armament: 2*mg13mm Ju 288, Junkers An advanced twin-engined bomber, first flown in 1941. At that stage of WWII, there was a policy against putting new types in production, in the mistaken belief that the war would end soon. Technical problems also delayed introduction of the Ju 288. The 22 built were all prototypes! Type: Ju 288A Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1840kW Junkers Jumo 222A-1\B-1 Speed: 670km/h Ceiling: 9300m Range: 5985km Armament: 2*mg13mm 3000kg Ju 290, Junkers This was a development of the Ju 90 civil transport. Only 65 were built, as bombers, long-range reconnaissance aircraft, and transports. The Ju 290 was a large low-wing aircraft with twin tail fins, and a fuselage that clearly showed its civilian origin. There was an urgent need for the Ju 290 to replace the {Fw 200}, but there were never more than 20 in service. Type: Ju 290A-7 Function: transport / reconnaissance Year: 1942 Crew: 9 Engines: 4 * 1268kW BMW 801D Wing Span: 42.00m Length: 29.15m Height: 6.93m Wing Area: 203.60m2 Empty Weight: 33005kg Max.Weight: 46000kg Speed: 440km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 6150km Armament: 7*g20mm 1*mg13mm 3000kg Ju 322 Mammut, Junkers This was a big flying-wing transport glider, built in competition with the {Me 321}. The RLM insisted that the Ju 322 would be built of wood, a construction technique not used by Junkers since 1918. The RLM ordered 200, but the Ju 322 was cancelled after the prototype proved unstable. The Me 321 was selected for production. Ju 352 Herkules, Junkers Redesigned {Ju 252} employing non-strategic materials. 45 built. Type: Ju 352A-1 Function: transport Year: 1944 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 3 * 740kW BMW Bramo 323R-2 Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 2980km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg13mm Load: 4300kg Ju 388, Junkers Development of the {Ju 188}, an emergency measure because the development of more advanced aircraft like the {Ju 288} had been halted. Only the L-1 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft entered service before the end of WWII, despite development continuing until the end, after most other aircraft had been cancelled. The Ju 388L and K bomber/reconnaissance aircraft had remotely-controlled tail turrets. The Ju 388J Stoertebeker was a night fighter. 103 built. Type: Ju 388L-1 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1944 Crew: 3-4 Engines: 2 * 1409kW BMW 801TJ Wing Span: 22.00m Length: 15.20m Height: 4.35m Wing Area: 56m2 Empty Weight: 10252kg Max.Weight: 14675kg Speed: 655km/h Ceiling: 13450m Range: 3475km Armament: 2*mg13mm Ju 390, Junkers Six-engined long-range development of the {Ju 290}. A wing section was inserted with an additional engine, and the fuselage was stretched. One made a transatlantic test flight to within 20km of New York... Two built. Type: Ju 390 Function: reconnaissance, bomber, transport Year: 1943 Crew: Engines: 6 * 1970hp BMW 801E Speed: 314mph Ceiling: Range: 9700km Armament: 8*mg13mm 8*g20mm 7190kg Ju 635, Junkers Project for a twin-fuselage long-distance, high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. It was based on two stretched {Do 335} fuselages joined by a new center section, and fitted with long-span outer wing panels. The Ju 635 would have been unarmed, with a crew of three. Ju 488, Junkers Some sources claim that this was a development of the {Ju 388}, but it actually was a four-engined long-range bomber, built of {Ju 188}, {Ju 288} and {Ju 388} parts. The development of the Ju 488 was ordered from manufacturers in occupied France, who were not very motivated. When the prototype finally neared completion, it had to be transported to Germany because of the Allied advance, but before it could be moved it was destroyed by the French resistance... Type: Ju 488V401 (projected) Function: bomber Year: (1945) Crew: Engines: 4 * 1800hp BMW 801TJ Wing Span: 30.84m Length: 20.24m Height: Wing Area: 87m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 26600kg Speed: 690km/h Ceiling: Range: 3395km Armament: 5000kg Junkers CL I Hugo Junkers was the great pioneer of all-metal monoplanes. The CL I (Junkers J 10) was an all-metal, corrugated skinning, rectangular low-wing monoplane, of course with open cockpits and fixed landing gear. It was developed from the {J 8}. Only 47 were built before the end of WWI. Type: CL I Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 130kW Mercedes D III Wing Span: 12.20m Length: 7.90m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 735kg Max.Weight: 1155kg Speed: 169km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 2h Armament: 3*mg Junkers D I This was the Junkers J 9 all-metal low-wing monoplane fighter. The D I was extremely advanced for a WWI fighters, although its corrugated dural skinning and thick wing were only en vogue for a brief period. The D I was judged to be unsuitable for the current fighter tactics. It was then ordered as an observation balloon destroyer (which was an extremely dangerous task). 41 were built. The metal construction contributed to a slow production. Probably it was not used in combat during WWI. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 135kW BMW IIIa Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 7.25m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 14.80m2 Empty Weight: 654kg Max.Weight: 834kg Speed: 225m/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 250km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Junkers G 38 The G 38 was a big four-engined civil transport. The second G 38 carried 34 passengers, of which six were seated in the leading edges of the big, thick wing, and two in to nose. Two G 38's were built. In 1939 the second G 38 was put in military service, and it was destroyed in 1941. (The first had crashed in 1936). Type: G 38ce Function: transport Year: 1931 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 750hp Junkers Jumo 204 Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: 3500km Load: 34 seats Junkers J I All-metal biplane, an ground support aircraft. The J I had no outboard struts, but the attachment of the wings to the fuselage was rather complicated. The front fuselage was heavily armoured. 227 built. Type: J I Function: attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150kW Benz Bz IV Wing Span: 16m Length: 9.10m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 49.40m2 Empty Weight: 1766kg Max.Weight: 2176kg Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 310km Armament: 2-3*mg7.92mm --K-------------------------------------------------------------------------- K 30, Junkers This was a military version of the Junkers G 24 transport. They were built in Sweden and the USSR. There was also a floatplane version. Main users were the Soviet military forces. Type: K 30C Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 3 * 310hp Junkers L-5 Wing Span: 29.90m Length: 15.20m Height: Wing Area: 94.6m2 Empty Weight: 3860kg Max.Weight: Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 5hrs Armament: K 37, Junkers The K 37 was designed as a twin-engined mailplane, but was developed into a three-seat multi-purpose military aircraft. Mitsubishi developed the {Ki.2} bomber from it for the Japanese Army. K 39, Junkers Three-seat recconaissance bomber. Prototype only. K 43, Junkers Three seat reconnaissance bomber, development of the {W 33} transport. K 47, Junkers The K 47 was an all-metal monoplane with twin tail fins, powered by a 550hp BMW VII or Bristol Jupiter engine. Some were sold to China, some were also built in the USSR. It was also offered as a two-seat fighter to the German forces, as an alternative for the {Do 10} or {L 84}, but it did not meet specifications. The K 47 is especially remembered for the role it played in the development of dive bombing; tests were mainly conducted in Sweden, with bombs developed by Bofors. Type: K 47 Function: fighter / dive bomber Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 360kW Bristol Jupiter VII Wing Span: 12.40m Length: 8.55m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 22.8m2 Empty Weight: 1050kg Max.Weight: 1635kg Speed: 290km/h at 3000m Ceiling: 8400m Range: 540km Armament: 2*mg Madsen fixed, 1*mg Madsen flexible K 51, Junkes Bomber development of the G 38. Not built in Germany; but six were built in Japan as the {Ki.20}. K 53, Junkers reconnaissance-fighter development of the A 35 mailplane, initially known as the R 53. It was a two-seat low-wing monoplane, which could be fitted with wheeled landing gear, skis, or floats. It was built in Sweden. Over 20 were built, primarily for export to Manchuria and China. Type: K 53 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 310hp Junkers L 5 Wing Span: 15.94m Length: 8.22m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 29.76m2 Empty Weight: 1075kg Max.Weight: 1580kg Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: Range: 4.5hrs Armament: 2*mh 2*mg K 85, Junkers This was a design for a twin-engined floatplane, offered to the Swedish air force as a torpedo bomber. The {He 115} won the contract. Ka 430, Kalkert Development of the {Go 242}. The Ka 430 had a conventional, single tail with a loading ramp. 13 built. Type: Ka 430V1 Function: assault glider Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 0 Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg13mm Load: 12 seats KD, Brandenburg See {Brandenburg D I}. KDW, Brandenburg See {Brandenburg KDW}. KF, Brandenburg Fighter biplane, a twin-boom pusher design. Performance was not good enough to warrant further development. Type: KF Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150hp Benz Bz III Wing Span: 11.60m Length: 8.48m Height: Wing Area: 38.6m2 Empty Weight: 760kg Max.Weight: 1290kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.92mm Kl 31, Klemm Cabin monoplane. Type: Kl 31 Function: liaison Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110kW Siemens Sh 14A Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: 3800m Range: 735km Load: 3 seats Kl 32, Klemm Four-seat cabin monoplane. Kl 35, Klemm Low-wing monoplane trainer, with two open cockpits in tandem and fixed landing gear. It was widely used, by the Luftwaffe, but also by Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Sweden. Type: Kl 35D Function: trainer / liaison Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 58kW Hirth HM60R Wing Span: 10.4m Length: 7.5m Height: 2.05m Wing Area: 15.2m2 Empty Weight: 460kg Max.Weight: Speed: 212km/h Ceiling: 4350m Range: 665km Kl 104, Klemm Transferred to Siebel and renamed {Fh 104}. Kl 106, Klemm Development of the {Kl 35}, powered by a 74kw Hirth HM 500 engine. Few built. Kondor D I See {Kondor E 3}. Kondor D 1 Single-seat biplane fighter, developed in parallel with the 'Kondor Dreidecker'. The D 1 was inspired by the Albatross aircraft that had been built by Kondor previously. Performance was disappointing. One built. Type: D 1 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Wing Span: 7.60m Length: 4.85m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 13.35m2 Empty Weight: 388kg Max.Weight: 568kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Kondor D 2 This was a development of the {Kondor D 1}, with a new set of wings. The D 2 had good handling characteristics, but unsatisfactory performance. One built. Type: D 2 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Oberursel Ur II Wing Span: 7.59m Length: 4.87m Height: 2.41m Wing Area: 13.34m2 Empty Weight: 380kg Max.Weight: 560kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 2*mg Kondor D 6 This biplane fighter had no upper wing centre section: the upper wing panels were attached to the fuselage and the lower wings, but not to each other. This was intended to maximize the visibility from the cockpit. This configuration caused a lot of drag and did not induce confidence in the structural strength of the D 6. One built. Type: D 6 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 145hp Oberursel Ur III Wing Span: 8.25m Length: 5.80m Height: 2.53m Wing Area: 13.80m2 Empty Weight: 420kg Max.Weight: 645kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Kondor D 7 Biplane development of the {Kondor Dreidecker}. Development was brief and seems to have been unsuccessful. Type: D 7 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 8.50m Length: 6.20m Height: 2.30m Wing Area: 15.70m2 Empty Weight: 590kg Max.Weight: 785kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.45hrs Armament: 2*mg Kondor Dreidecker Single-seat fighter triplane, test flown by Kondor in 1917. It was abandoned because of vibration problems. Kondor E 3 Parasol monoplane fighter. 100 were ordered by the German forces with the designation D I. The E 3 was inspired by the {Fokker E V}. The Konder E 3 was said to have excellent flying characteristics and a more robust wing than that of the Fokker E V. But only 8 to 10 were completed before the end of the war. Type: E 3 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Goebel Goe III Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 5.50m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 12.75m2 Empty Weight: 460kg Max.Weight: 640kg Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: K.W. 1105 Two-seat floatplane. One 150hp Benz engine. --L-------------------------------------------------------------------------- L 25, Klemm Trainer, over 730 built. Type: L 25D Function: trainer Year: 1927 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 60kW Hirth HM60R Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 650km Armament: L 65, Albatross After WWI, this aircraft was built in Lithuania as the Memel A.F.G.1 to avoid the restrictions of the Versailles treaty. It was a two-seat fighter of wooden construction. The aircraft was evaluated by the German army, but not produced in series. Two built. Type: L 65 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Napier Lion Wing Span: 10.30m Length: 6.15m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: Armament: L 76 Aelus, Albatross Trainer and reconnaissance biplane, 1926. Used at Lipetsk, USSR, to train the clandestine German air force. L 77, Albatross Fighter development of the {L 76}. The L 77 was a biplane of mixed construction. Four built, three were used at Lipetsk. Type: L 77v Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 600hp BMW VI 5,5 Wing Span: 12.76m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1722kg Max.Weight: 2580kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.2hrs Armament: 3*mg7.9mm L 84, Albatross / Focke Wulf Two-seat biplane fighter. Five were built, and used for varying kinds of experimental work. At least one was sold to China. Type: L 84 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 660hp BMW VIu 7,3Z Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.9mm L.F.G. Roland C II The C II was an advanced reconnaissance aircraft. It was a biplane with the upper wing fixed on top of the monococque, whale-shaped fuselage, and a single outboard strut. Handling was tricky, but performance good, and the C II was also used as a escort fighter. Type: C II Function: reconnaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Wing Span: 10.30m Length: 7.27m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 26m2 Empty Weight: 764kg Max.Weight: 1284kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 4h Armament: 1-2*mg7.92mm L.F.G. Roland C III Development of the {L.F.G. Roland C II} with conventional wing struts and a 200hp Benz Bz IV engine. One built. L.F.G. Roland C V Two-seat version of the {L.F.G. Roland D II}. 160hp Merceder D III engine. 1918. One built. L.F.G. Roland C VIII Development of {L.F.G. Roland C III} with a redesigned fuselage and a 260hp Mercedes D IV engine. Prototype only. L.F.G. Roland D I Single-seat escort fighter, based on the structural principles of the {L.F.G. Roland C II}, a wooden veneer shell fuselage. The deep fuselage filled to gap between the biplane wings completely. The production was hampered by a fire in the L.F.G. factory; about 20 were built. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 8.90m Length: 6.80m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 23.00m2 Empty Weight: 699kg Max.Weight: 932kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg L.F.G. Roland D II Biplane fighter, a development of the {L.F.G. Roland D I}. The fuselage was redesigned, so that its top was narrower and the cockpit cutout was deeper. The D II was a good aircraft, but inferior to the {Albatros D I}. About 230 were built, used mainly on the eastern front and in Macedonia. Type: D IIa Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes Wing Span: 8.90m Length: 6.95m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 22m2 Empty Weight: 635kg Max.Weight: 795kg Speed: 169km/h Ceiling: Range: 2hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm L.F.G. Roland D III Development of the {L.F.G. Roland D II} with a more convential fuselage structure and new wings. This created a clear gap between the fuselage and the upper wing. Few were built, partly because the Argus engine was marginally performing. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Argus As III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 19.83m2 Empty Weight: 717kg Max.Weight: 961kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm L.F.G. Roland D IV Triplane fighter. The upper wing was in the normal position, the middle wing at half-fuselage, the lower wing just above the main wheels. The fuselage was of built up from overlapping spruce planking, a method which was easier to built than the shell-structure of earlier L.F.G. aircraft. One built. Type: D IV Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 9.45m Length: 7.32m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 930kg Max.Weight: 1208kg Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm L.F.G. Roland D V Development of the {L.F.G. Roland D III} with an improved fuselage. It retained the shell fuselage structure, but the cross-section of the fuselage was reduced. Performance was little improved. Three built. Type: D V Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm L.F.G. Roland D VI Biplane fighter. Although the D VI looked similar to the {L.F.G. Roland D III}, it was an entirely new design, with a fuselage of overlapping spruce planks. The D VI was a good fighter aircraft, but not exceptional, and it was ordered merely as a backup for the {Fokker D VII}, despite its good qualities. About 350 were delivered before the end of WWI. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150kW Benz Bz IIIa Wing Span: 9.42m Length: 6.32m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 22.12m2 Empty Weight: 656kg Max.Weight: 846kg Speed: 183km/h Ceiling: 5800m Range: 2h Armament: 2*mg L.F.G. Roland D VII Biplane fighter, developed in parallel with the {L.F.G. Roland D VI}. The D VII was powered by an experimental Benz V-8 engine, which was underdeveloped. One built. Type: D VII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp Benz Bz IIIbo Wing Span: 8.84m Length: 6.10m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 20.83m2 Empty Weight: 666kg Max.Weight: 858kg Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.9mm L.F.G. Roland D VIII The D VIII was built in parallel with the {L.F.G. Roland D VI}. In differed in having a geared engine instead of a direct-drive engine. It was considered unacceptable, presumably because of vibration problems. One built. L.F.G. Roland D IX This was a development of the {L.F.G. Roland D VII} with a powerful rotary engine, replacing the in-line units of earlier L.F.G. fighters. Three built. Type: D IX Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh III Wing Span: 8.92m Length: 5.90m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 18.48m2 Empty Weight: 534kg Max.Weight: 724kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.9mm L.F.G. Roland D XIII This was a development of the {L.F.G. Roland D VII}, powered by the Korting V-8 engine. The engine was troublesome. Development was abandoned when the D XIII was destroyed in a fire. Type: D XIII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 195hp Korting Kg III Wing Span: 9.00m Length: Height: Wing Area: 23.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm L.F.G. Roland D XIV Biplane fighter, a development of the {L.F.G. Roland D XIII} with a 160hp Goebel rotary engine. The engine was highly unreliable and the D XIV was little flown. L.F.G. Roland D XV Biplane fighter. It was powered by either an 185hp BMW III engine, or a 160hp Mercedes D III, a 180hp Mercedes D IIIa, or a 200hp Benz Bz IIIa. The D XV had the fuselage of overlapping planking also used by some earlier designs, combined with a wing cellule without bracing wires. Three were built. Extensive modifications were required, and L.F.G., rather than implementing them, designed an entirely new fighter, also designated D XV. The new fighter had a rectangular fuselage with conventional plywood covering, and strongly resembled the {Fokker D VII}. Two were built. Type: D XV (first design) Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 8.64m Length: Height: Wing Area: 23.80m2 Empty Weight: 730kg Max.Weight: 910kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.F.G. Roland D XVI Parasol-wing monoplane fighter, powered by the 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh III engine or the 170hp Goebel Goe IIIa rotary engines. Prototypes only. Type: D XVI Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Goebel Goe III Wing Span: 9.46m Length: 5.90m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.F.G Roland D XVII Parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The D XVII was considered to be inferior to the contemporary {Fokker E V} parasol-wing fighter design, and the wings were too weak. One built. 185hp BMW IIIa engine, 1918. L.F.G. Roland Dr I See {L.F.G. Roland D IV}. L.F.G. Roland E I See {L.F.G. Roland D XVI}. L.F.G. Roland G I Biplane bomber. The 260hp Maybach Mb IV engine was buried in the fuselage, two pusher propellers were fitted behind the wing. No production. 1915. L.F.G. Roland V.19 Stralsund Single-seat seaplane, a small monoplane designed to operate from submarines. It was an all-metal aircraft powered by a 110hp Oberursel Ur II engine. The prototype was probably not completed until after WWI. L.F.G. Roland W Fighter biplane, basically a seaplane version of the {L.F.G. Roland D I} fighter. It was rejected because of the poor visibility from the cockpit. One built. Type: W Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 10.10m Length: 8.95m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1148kg Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.F.G. Roland WD Escort fighter, a float biplane developed from the {L.F.G. Roland D I}. Linke-Hoffman R I The R I had four engines fitted inside the fuselage. Two tractor propellers were fitted between the wings. Linke-Hoffman R II The four engines of the R II biplane bomber were all coupled to a single propeller in the nose. 1918. Lloyd C II Type: C II Function: reconnaissance / trainer Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 105kW Hiero Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 1*mg L.T.G. FD 1 Twin-float biplane fighter, an angular but clean type. Six prototypes were built. Five of these were accepted by the German Navy, but they were placed in storage and not used in combat. Type: FD 1 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150hp Benz Bz III Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 9.00m Height: 3.55m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 895kg Max.Weight: 1165kg Speed: 145km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.V.G. B I Reconnaissance biplane, a type that did not have a very good performance. Type: B I Function: reconnaissance / trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75kW Mercedes D.I Wing Span: 12.12m Length: 8.30m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 35.40m2 Empty Weight: 726kg Max.Weight: 1075kg Speed: 105km/h Ceiling: Range: 4hrs Armament: L.V.G. B II Two-seat reconnaissance biplane, development of the {L.V.G. B I}, and just as sluggish and underpowered. L.V.G. B III Trainer biplane, a development of the {L.V.G. B II}. L.V.G. C I This was the first aircraft in the German C-class of armed reconnaissance aircraft. It was a development of the {L.V.G. B I}. Type: C I Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.V.G. C II Development of the {L.V.G. B II}. The seats of observer and pilot were switched. Type: C II Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Wing Span: 12.85m Length: 8.10m Height: 2.93m Wing Area: 37.60m2 Empty Weight: 845kg Max.Weight: 1405kg Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: 5030m Range: 4h Armament: 1-2*mg 60kg L.V.G. C III Development of the {L.V.G. C II}. Few built. L.V.G. C IV Enlarged {L.V.G. C II} with 220hp Mercedes D IV engine. Few built. L.V.G. C V Biplane reconnaissance aircraft, a good all-round aircraft. Type: C V Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Benz Bz IV Speed: 103mph Ceiling: 21300ft Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2*mg L.V.G. C VI Improved {L.V.G. C V}. L.V.G. C VIII Development of the {L.V.G. C V} with a 240hp Benz engine and structural improvments. One built. L.V.G. D I Licensc-built {Albatros D II}. L.V.G. D II Biplane fighter. The D II adhered to the semi-monococque fuselage structure of the Albatros fighters that L.V.G. had build under license; but the fuselage was deep and filled the gap between the wings, although it was not so extremely deep as that of the {L.V.G. D 10}. The D II was powered by a 160hp Mercedes D III engine. Development was abandoned after the loss of the prototype. 1916. L.V.G. D III Biplane fighter, with a more conventional layout than its {L.V.G. D 10} and D 12 ({L.V.G. D II}) predecessors. The fuselage was still a semi-monocoque, but was now of circular cross-section with a conventional wing cabane. The D III was not selected for production, because it was judged to be too heavy and too large. One built. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp NAG C III Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 753m Height: 2.92m Wing Area: 26.20m2 Empty Weight: 773kg Max.Weight: 1028kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm L.V.G. D IV Biplane fighter, basically a development of the {L.V.G. D III}. It was used as testbed for the 185hp Benz Bz IIIbo direct-drive engine, which proved to be unreliable. Both prototypes were lost when the engines failed. Type: D IV Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp Benw Bz IIIbo Wing Span: 8.50m Length: 6.28m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 18.06m2 Empty Weight: 680kg Max.Weight: 935kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.V.G. D V Biplane fighter, 1918. The interplane struts were very broad and linked in a W-arrangment, from the top of the fuselage to the lower mid-wing and from there to the tip of the upper wing. The upper wing, which was of narrower chord than the lower wing, was hinged outboard of the centre section, so that the entire outer wing panels could rotate as ailerons. The D V proved to have poor controllability. One built. Type: D V Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp Benz Bz IIIbm Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm L.V.G. D VI Biplane fighter, with a similar slab-sided plywood fuselage as the {L.V.G. D V} and the same 185hp Benz Bz IIIbm engine, but with a conventional wing structure. One built. L.V.G. D 10 Biplane fighter. The D 10 had an extremely deep, semi-ellipctical fuselage that completely filled the large wing gap. It was of wooden semi-monocoque structure. Flying characterics were unsatisfactory. One built. Type: D 10 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120hp Mercedes D II Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.V.G. D 12 See {L.V.G. D II}. L.V.G. E I Two-seat monoplane fighter. One prototype was built, powered by a 120hp Mercedes D II. It was lost on a ferry flight to the front, where it would have been tested operationally. 1915. L.V.G. G III Twin-engined triplane bomber. 245hp Maybach Mb IV engines. --M-------------------------------------------------------------------------- M 22, Messerschmitt Prototype for a twin-engined bomber biplane, a conventional design with two Jupiter radials suspended between the wings. 1930. Mannesmann In 1919 an allied control commision found parts of the Mannesmann triplane bomber. The aircraft would have had ten engines in tandem pairs (four on the middle wing, one on the lower), a crew of eight, and an endurance of 80h -- enough for a range of 10400km! Mark D I Biplane fighter. Two were built before the end of WWI. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 195hp Benz Bz IIIb Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: MBB 223 Flamingo Originally built by SIAT, that became a part of MBB in 1970. It was a simple low-wing trainer with fixed landing gear, with single-seat and two-seat acrobatic versions and four-seat utility versions. Later the production was moved to CASA in Spain. Type: MBB 223 Function: trainer / utility Year: 1969 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 149kW Avco Lycoming IO-360-C1B Wing Span: 8.28m Length: 7.43m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 11.50m2 Empty Weight: 685kg Max.Weight: 1050kg Speed: 243km/h Ceiling: 3750m Range: 1150km Me 108, Messerschmitt See {Bf 108}. Me 109, Messerschmitt. See {Bf 109}. Me 110, Messerschmitt See {Bf 110}. It seems however, that both Bf- and Me- designations were used in official documents throughout WWII. Me 155, Messerschmitt This high-altitude fighter was based on the {Bf 109}. It was transferred to Blohm und Voss as the {Bv 155} before construction began, and then extensively modified. Me 163 Komet, Messerschmitt The Me 163 was unique: the world's first and only operational rocket-engined fighter. It was built in quite different Me 163A trainer and Me 163B fighter versions. This small tailless aircraft had impressive performance and excellent handling, but its rocket engine and fuel were extremely dangerous. The Me 163 was a great technological achievement, but a military disaster, with huge accident losses. Type: Me 163B Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700kg Walter HWK 509A-2 Wing Span: 9.32m Length: 5.84m Height: 2.77m Wing Area: 18.50m2 Empty Weight: 1905kg Max.Weight: 4110kg Speed: 960km/h Ceiling: 12040m Range: 8min power Armament: 2*g30mm Me 208, Messerschmitt Development of the {Bf 108} with tricycle undercarriage. Two built. Me 209, Messerschmitt The Me 209 was a small, high-powered aircraft built especially for setting the world speed record. Later attempts were made to convert this 'vicious little brute' into a fighter, and a prototype with longer wings and armament was flown. Four built. Type: Me 209V1 Function: experimental Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1670kW Daimler-Benz DB601ARJ Speed: 755km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Me 209, Messerschmitt High-altitude fighter programme, not related to the earlier {Me 209} record aircraft. The two built were essentially reengined {Bf 109}s with longer wings and tails. After official cancellation the development continued under the name Me 109L. Type: Me 209 V5 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Daimler-Benz DB605B Wing Span: 10.95m Length: 9.74m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 17.15m2 Empty Weight: 3338kg Max.Weight: 4085kg Speed: 699km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: Armament: 1*g 4*mg Me 210, Messerschmitt The Me 210 twin-engined fighter was designed to replace the {Bf 110}. Due to serious structural and handling problems, production had to be halted, and the Bf 110 was reinstated. The modified {Me 410}, with a longer tail, was acceptable; this modification was also made to the existing Me 210s. Its performance was still little better than that of the Bf 110. 352 Me 210s were built, the majority of them DB605-powered Me 210C's built in Hungary. An unusual design feature were the rear-firing, remote-controlled gun barbettes on the aft fuselage, with 13mm guns. Type: Me 210A-1 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1020kW Daimler-Benz DB601F Wing Span: 16.34m Length: 12.12m Height: 4.28m Wing Area: 36.20m2 Empty Weight: 7070kg Max.Weight: 9705kg Speed: 620km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 2400km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm 2*g20mm 2*mg13mm Me 261, Messerschmitt Originally designed as a long-range record-breaking aircraft, the Me 261 had an extremely slender fuselage, but two DB606 engines --- each consisting of two coupled DB601 V-12s. Work continued even during the war, because of their advanced design. With their cramped fuselages they had little military value, however. Three were built, one was used for reconnaissance flights in 1943. Type: Me 261V3 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 2700hp Daimler-Benz DB606A/B Wing Span: 26.87m Length: 16.69m Height: 4.72m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 620km/h Ceiling: 8260m Range: Armament: Me 262, Messerschmitt The Me 262 was the world's first operational jet fighter. It was also the best of its generation, with an advanced aerodynamic design. Its development was much delayed, less by political disagreement than by engine development, and the Me 262 arrived too late to influence the end of WWII. Even the series aircraft had extremely unreliable and short-lived engines. Both fighter and fighter-bomber models were built in quantity. There were also single-seat and two-seat nightfighters, reconaissance aircraft, and some other experimental versions. Only a few Me 262s were used in combat. They were vastly outnumbered on every occasion, and often flown by unsufficiently trained pilots. Around 1430 were completed. Type: Me 262A-1a Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 900kg Junkers Jumo 004B-1 Wing Span: 12.48m Length: 10.60m Height: 3.84m Wing Area: 21.70m2 Empty Weight: 3800kg Max.Weight: 6400kg Speed: 870km/h Ceiling: 11450m Range: 1050km Armament: 4*g30mm Me 263, Messerschmitt This rocket-engined fighter was initially a development of the {Me 163}, but retained no more than a configurational similarity. It began life as the Me 163D, was then moved to Junkers as the {Ju 248}, and then renamed again Me 263. Compared with the Me 163, tha Me 163 had a larger fuselage, wheeled landing gear and a new rocket engine with a 'cruise chamber'. One built. There is no evidence that the Me 263 ever made a powered flight. Type: Me 263A-1 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700kg Walter HWK 109-509C-4 Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 7.83m Height: 3.17m Wing Area: 17.80m2 Empty Weight: 1920kg Max.Weight: 5300kg Speed: 880km/h Ceiling: Range: 14.75min power Armament: 2*g30mm Me 264, Messerschmitt Strategic bomber. The Me 264 could lift 39400l of fuel and 1800kg of bombs for an attack on the USA -- merely of propaganda importance. Drawings were made for a jet-engined development and even a coal-fuelled version was considered. Only two were built. Type: Me 264 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 1410hp Junkers Jumo 211-J Speed: 565km/h Ceiling: Range: 14000km Armament: Me 309, Messerschmitt The Me 309 was designed as a replacement for the {Bf 109}, already in 1940, but was assigned a low priority. The Me 309 was advanced in concept, with tricycle landing gear, a pressurized concept, and cannon armament. The Me 309 was never satisfactory, and especially the nosewheel was a weak point: many photographs show the Me 309 with its nose in the ground. Four were built before the RLM cancelled the project. Type: Me 309V4 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1475hp Daimler-Benz DB605B Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 9.93m Height: 3.43m Wing Area: 16.50m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 4870kg Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 1100km Armament: 2*g30mm 2*mg20mm 4*mg13mm Me 310, Messerschmitt Proposed development of the {Me 210}, more advanced than the {Me 410}. The Me 310 would have had a pressure cabin and long-span wings. Not built. Me 321, Messerschmitt The Me 321 was a very large transport glider. It had a bulky front fuselage with large nose doors, a relatively slender tail, and a multi-wheeled undercarriage. The big problem was finding a suitable tug aircraft. The use of three {Bf 110}s to tow one Me 321 proved to be highly dangerous. Finally, the five-engined {He 111Z} was built for the task. 200 built. The {Me 323} was produced by fitting captured French engines to the Me 321. Type: Me 321B-2 Function: transport glider Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 0 * Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Load: 22000kg Me 323 Gigant, Messerschmitt Motorized version of the {Me 321}. Six captured French engines were used to make this transport independent of towing aircraft. The Me 323 had many features of post-war military transport aircraft. The Gigant was very sturdy, but so slow that it was extremely vulnerable in combat, despite the addition of powerful defensive armament. The Luftwaffe even experimented with a heavily armed "escort" version, carrying eleven 20mm cannon and four 13mm machineguns. 198 built. Type: Me 323E-2 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 7-11 Engines: 6 * 840kW Gnome-Rhone 14N48/49 Wing Span: 55m Length: 28.50m Height: 9.60m Wing Area: 300m2 Empty Weight: 29060kg Max.Weight: 45000kg Speed: 253km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 1200km Armament: 2*g20mm 7*mg13mm Load: 10000kg, 130 seats Me 328, Messerschmitt This little fighter was intended to be carried by launch aircraft. Later versions were intended as assault aircraft and take-off by catapult or rocket trolley was planned. The As 014 was the pulse-jet engine of the V-1, and caused severe vibration. No production. Type: Me 328A-1 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 300kg Argus AS 014 Speed: 755km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g15mm Me 329, Messerschmitt Project for a tailless, two-seat fighter-bomber. Only a unpowered glider prototype was built. Type: Me 329 Function: fighter-bomber Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1750hp Daimler-Benz DB 603 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 5*g 2200lb Me 334, Messerschmitt (S-D-A-F-LS-F-ILP1) This was a design for a small tailless fighter, based on the wings of the {Me 163}, but with a DB 605 engine instead of the rocket engine of the Me 163. The engine was installed in the nose, but drove a pusher propeller on the tail. The Me 334 would also have had a tricycyle undercarriage and a ventral fin. When the rocket engine for the Me 163 was ready the Me 334 was abandoned. Type: Me 334 Function: fighter Year: (1943) Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100kw DB 605A Wing Span: 9.30m Length: 7.0m Height: 3.72m Wing Area: 17.3m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg13mm Me 409, Messerschmitt The Me 409 design was similar in concept to the {Bf 109Z}, except that the fuselages of the {Me 209} high-altitude fighter were used, and the new wing that had been designed for the {Me 155}. The project was cancelled in 1944. Me 410 Hornisse, Messerschmitt The Me 410 was a development of the miserable {Me 210}, fitted with the longer tail and automatic wing slots that were adopted for the latter to cure its stability problems, and some more modifications. The Me 410 was indeed better than the Me 210, but it still couldn't be considered a succes. It was used mainly as fast bomber and fighter-bomber. Many armament options were tried out, including 210mm rockets and a 50mm gun. 1160 were built. Type: Me 410A-1/U-2 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1290kW Daimler-Benz DB603A-1 Wing Span: 16.35m Length: 12.48m Height: 4.28m Wing Area: 36.20m2 Empty Weight: 7518kg Max.Weight: 9650kg Speed: 629km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1690km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.9mm 2*mg13mm 1000kg Me 509, Messerschmitt This was a design based on the {Me 309}, with the cockpit moved forward and the engine behind it, like the Bell {P-39} Airacobra. This may have been concenred as a solution for the nosewheel trouble of the Me 309. Never built. Me 609, Messerschmitt Another twin-fuselage design. This time two {Me 309} fuselages were used. The project was even less in favour than the {Bf 109Z} and {Me 409}, because of the poor qualities of the Me 309. MiG-29, Mikoyan-Gurevich The {MiG-29} is the only type of combat aircraft of the DDR that will continue in service with the air forces of the reunited Germany. 24 had been delivered to the DDR. Mistel The 'Mistel' consisted of an unmanned {Ju 88} fitted with a large 3800kg shaped-charge warhead, with a fighter ({Bf 109} or {Fw 190}) fixed on top of it. The fighter pilot took off with the contraption, flew it to target, aimed it, uncoupled its fighter and flew home. Some 250 were delivered to the Luftwaffe. Succes was minimal. --N-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Naglo D II Single-engined quadruplane -- or more correctly, a 3 1/2 plane, because the lowest wing was much smaller. It remained experimental. Type: D II Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes Wing Span: 9.00m Length: Height: Wing Area: 22.40m2 Empty Weight: 724kg Max.Weight: 914kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm N.F.W. B I Type: B I Function: reconnaissance / trainer Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: N.F.W. E I Single-seat monoplane fighter. Development was abandoned in favour of the larger {N.F.W. E II.} Type: E I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Oberursel U 0 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.50m Height: Wing Area: 15.72m2 Empty Weight: 428kg Max.Weight: 620kg Speed: 156km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: N.F.W. E II Single-seat monoplane fighter. Prototype only. Type: E II Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Daimler D IIIa Wing Span: 12.00m Length: Height: Wing Area: 17.00m2 Empty Weight: 558kg Max.Weight: 768kg Speed: 186km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: NH90, Eurocopter / NH Industries Modern medium-size helicopter, developed by France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. The NH90 made its first flight in Devember 1995. It has an all-composite fuselage, and fly-by-wire controls. There will be naval (NFH) and tactical transport (TTH) versions. Type: NH90 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1370kW R.R.-Turbomeca RTM 322-01/9 Rotor Span: 16.30m Length: 19.56m Height: 5.44m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 9100kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1200km Armament: 14-20 seats, 2500kg Noratlas, Nord N.2501D Twin-engined twin-boom transport aircraft, similar to the American {C-119} in layout. The Luftwaffe received 173, all but the initial 25 built in Germany. NR 54, Nagler und Rolz Development of the {NR 55}, smaller and foldable. Never flown Type: NR 54V1 Function: experimental Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 24hp Rotor Span: 3.96m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 84.2kg Max.Weight: 179kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: NR 55, Nagler und Rolz Ulta-small helicopter, prototype of the {NR 54}. The NR 55 was able to take off indoors, but failed to achieve horizontal flight. Type: NR 55 Function: experimental Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 40hp Rotor Span: 5.3m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 349kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: --O-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Otto B Pusher biplane, used as reconnaissance bomber in 1915. Slow but reliable, the Otto B was one of the aircraft selected for attacks on England. Type: B Function: reconnaissance bomber Year: 1914 Crew: Engines: 1 * 100hp Mercedes Speed: 109km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: OV-10 Bronco, North American Ten of th US-built O{V-10} COIN-aircarft are in use as target tugs. --P-------------------------------------------------------------------------- P.60, Gotha Another 1945 project for a tailless fighter. The BMW 003 jet engines were to be in a tandem arrangment above and below the fuselage. A radar was planned in a long nose cone. P.75, Henschel This was a design for a tailless, canard fighter. It was powered by a DB 613 engine, driving contra-rotating pusher propellers. The Luftwaffe rejected the design. 1941. P.130, Henschel A small fighter with moderately swept wings, with an in-line pusher engine. P.149, Piaggio A basic trainer of Italian design. The Luftwaffe bought 72 Italian-built and 194 license-produced aircraft. P.163, Blohm und Voss Single-engined bomber project, with the unusual feature that the crew was in nacelles on the tips of the wings. In theory, this gave them an excellent view and field of fire. P.197, Blohm und Voss A 1944 design for a twin-engined jet fighter with the engines buried in the fuselage, modest wing sweep, and a T-tail. P.198, Blohm und Voss Rather awkward design for a high-altitude interceptor. The P.198 was a simple, straight-wing aircraft with a jet engine slung under the front fuselage. This arrangment left room for a radar in the nose. P.202, Blohm und Voss Design for a twin-engined jet fighter. The fuselage was fairly conventional, with two jet engines in a nacelle under the front fuselage. The wing was of the "swivel-wing" type, as later revived by NASA and tested on the {AD-1}: The one-piece wing was mounted high on the wing and hinged, with the left wing tip moving forward and the right tip backwards. 1944. P.207, Blohm und Voss (S-D-A-F-LN-N-ILP1) Fighter project. The P.207 was a very angular, but sleek design with a pusher engine. Estimated performance was insufficient. 1944. P.208, Blohm und Voss Project for a fighter, 1945. The P.208 was a tailess aircraft with a pusher engine in a small central fuselage, with a coolant radiator underneath. The wings were swept and gulled, with downturned tips instead of tailfins. Armed with three 30mm cannon. The design was abandoned in favour of jet-engined developments. P.215, Blohm und Voss Nightfighter project, 1945. The P.215 was a twin-engined tailless jet aircraft, with fins and rudders at the tips of the swept wing. The engines were installed side by side in the central nacelle. P.247, Dornier This design evolved as a derivative of the {Do 335} with a pusher engine only, but moderately swept wings and better aerodynamics. P.273, Dornier This was a design for a high-altitude version of the {Do 335}, with long-span wings. P.1070 Julia, Heinkel The P.1070 was a design for a small ramp-launched point-defence interceptor. No aircraft were completed, because the {Me 263} was considered better. Type: P.1070 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700kg Walter HWK 509C 4 * 1000kg Schmiddling 533 Speed: 980km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm P.1073, Heinkel The P.1073 design was another twin-engined jet fighter. It had thin, slender, swept wing. One jet engine was under the front fuselage, the other on top of the aft fuselage. The P.1073 provided the basis of the {He 162}, although the latter had only the upper engine and a unswept wing of simple construction. P.1076, Heinkel Fighter design, broadly based on the {He 100}, again with surface evaporation cooling. It was powered by the DB 603 engine and had wings that were slightly swept forward. The P.1076 was never built, but after the occupation of Germany the drawings were completed for US intelligence. P.1101, Messerschmitt The P.1101 was a variable geometry jet fighter -- the first of its kind. Wing sweep could only be changed on the ground. An aircraft was built in 1945, but it is not known to have flown. The P.1101 provided the ideas for the US {X-5} experimental aircraft. P.1110/II, Messerchmitt Project for a jet fighter, 1944. The P.1110 had swept wings and a V-tail. The air intake was a narrow slot around the entire mid fuselage. Speed 630mph, range 940 mils, span 21ft 6in, length 31ft. HeS 011 engine. PE, A.E.G. The PE was an armoured ground attack aircraft of triplane configuration. Test flown in early 1918, it never entered production. Pembroke, Hunting Percival British twin-engined light transport. 34 bought by Germany. Pfalz A I This was the license-built Morane-Saulnier {L}, a parasol monoplane, with a 80hp Oberursel U O engine. Pfalz A II Version of the {Pfalz A I} with a 100hp Oberursel U I engine. Pfalz C I License-built {Rumpler C IV}. Pfalz D III Biplane fighter, the design of which owed much the the {L.F.G. Roland D I} and {L.F.G. Roland D II}. The D III was not a very good fighter, but it was well-behaved and its monococque fuselage was strong. Served until 1918. About 600 were built. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Wing Span: 9.40m Length: 6.95m Height: 2.67m Wing Area: 22.14m2 Empty Weight: 690kg Max.Weight: 925kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 5200m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 2*mg Pfalz D IV Very little is known about the D IV biplane fighter. It was flown in 1917 and had a 110hp Oberursel U II engine. Pfalz D.4 Single-seat fighter biplane. The fuselage was very deep and the cockpit deeply recessed, offering extremely poor view. Handling was bad too, and the D.4 was abandoned. Type: D.4 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 105hp Daimler D I Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Pfalz D VI Single-seat biplane fighter. The D VI was an excercise in streamlining, with a beautiful semi-monocoque fuselage, a neatly cowled rotary engine, and single-bay biplane wings. It was not accepted for production. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Oberursel U II Wing Span: 7.08m Length: Height: Wing Area: 13.30m2 Empty Weight: 400kg Max.Weight: 606kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Pfalz D VII Biplane fighter. One built. Type: D VII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Siemens Halske Sh III Wing Span: 7.52m Length: 5.65m Height: 2.85m Wing Area: 17.20m2 Empty Weight: 520kg Max.Weight: 715kg Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg Pfalz D VIII Development of the {Pfalz D VII}. The only difference was a change in wing bracing. 40 built, and a few used in combat. It is reported that handling was good and climb rate high, but that the undercarriage was weak. Type: D VIII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Siemens Halske Sh III Wing Span: 7.52m Length: 5.65m Height: 2.85m Wing Area: 17.20m2 Empty Weight: 453kg Max.Weight: 738kg Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg Pfalz D XII The D XII was a biplane fighter. It was accepted for production, and 500 were ordered. But the D XII was completely overshadowed by the {Fokker D VII}. It was disliked because of its sluggish response to the controls. About 800 built. Type: D XII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 130kW Mercedes D IIIa Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 6.35m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 21.70m2 Empty Weight: 716kg Max.Weight: 897kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 5650m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 2*mg Pfalz D XIV Development of the {Pfalz D XII}, with little performance improvement. The wings, fuselage and tail were all enlarged. No production. Type: D XIV Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Benz Bz IVu Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.32m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 25.43m2 Empty Weight: 833kg Max.Weight: 1032kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg Pfalz D XV Single-seat biplane fighter, probably the last German fighter to be accepted for production in WWI, on 4 November 1918. The D XV was a good fighter, fast and maneuvrable, although difficult to land. An obvious difference with the earlier Pfalz fighter was that the fuselage was suspended between the wings. Also, all wire bracing was deleted. Type: D XV Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp BMW IIIa Wing Span: 8.60m Length: 6.50m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 738kg Max.Weight: 918kg Speed: 203km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: Pfalz Dreidecker Triplane derivative of the {Pfalz D III}. Pfalz didn't even bother to offer it to the military, so it probably was disappointing. Pfalz Dr I Triplane fighter, derived from the {Pfalz D VII}. The middle wing had a very narrow chord, and the big propeller made a very long undercarriage needed. A service trials batch was built, but reports were unfavourable. Ten built. Type: Dr I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Siemens-Halske Sh III Wing Span: 8.55m Length: 5.50m Height: 2.76m Wing Area: 17.20m2 Empty Weight: 510kg Max.Weight: 705kg Speed: 201km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: Armament: 2*mg Pfalz Dr II Triplane fighter, developed in parallel with the {Pfalz Dr I}. It was smaller and lighter. Two built. Type: Dr II Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Oberursel Ur II Wing Span: 7.20m Length: 5.95m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 400kg Max.Weight: 596kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg Pfalz E I Monoplane fighter, broadly based on the French Morane-Saulnier {H} aircraft that Pfalz had licence-produced. A small number were used in combat. The Pfalz E I was easily mistaken for the very similar {Fokker E I}, but had a lower performance. Type: E I Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Oberursel U O Wing Span: 9.26m Length: 6.30m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 14.00m2 Empty Weight: 345kg Max.Weight: 535kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1*mg Pfalz E II Development of the {Pfalz E I}. The Pfalz monoplanes saw only limited service. Type: E II Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 75kW Oberursel U 1 Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 6.45m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 16.00m2 Empty Weight: 410kg Max.Weight: 572kg Speed: 151km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1*mg Pfalz E III Fighter version of the {Pfalz A II}. Few entered service. The E III was regarded an interim type. It was not related to the {Pfalz E I}, {Pfalz E II} and {Pfalz E IV}: It was a parasol-wing monoplane. About 60 were built. The E III was only considered as an interim type. Type: E III Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Oberursel U I Wing Span: 11.20m Length: 6.85m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 18.00m2 Empty Weight: 445kg Max.Weight: 705kg Speed: 153km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h Armament: 1*mg Pfalz E IV Development of the {Pfalz E II}, with a more powerful engine and increased armament. Handling and engine problems restricted its use. 24 built. Type: E IV Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Oberursel U III Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 6.60m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 16.00m2 Empty Weight: 471kg Max.Weight: 694kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h Armament: 2*mg Pfalz E V Development of the {Pfalz E IV}. The E V was powered by a liquid-cooled in-line engine instead of the rotary of the E IV. Twenty were built, but they were obsolete before they reached the front. Type: E V Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 105hp Daimler D I Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 6.60m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 16.00m2 Empty Weight: 510kg Max.Weight: 696kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h Armament: 1*mg Pfalz E VI Development of the {Pfalz E V}, again powered by the 100hp Oberursel U I rotary. Twenty built, but only used as trainers. --Q-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --R-------------------------------------------------------------------------- R 53, Junkers See {K 53}. Ranger 2000, Rockwell/ DASA The Ranger 2000 is a turbofan-powered derivative of the RFB Fantrainer. It is offered to the JPATS competition of the USAF. Type: Ranger 2000 Function: trainer Year: 1993 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 14.23kN P&WC JT15D-5C Wing Span: 10.45m Length: 10.91m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 3583kg Speed: 630km/h Ceiling: Range: 970km Rex D 6 Single-seat biplane fighter, inspîred by the Bristol {Scout}. Two built. Type: D 6 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Oberursel U 0 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Rex D 7 Small wooden sesquiplane fighter powered by a 100hp Hansen rotary. The whole lower wing halves pivoted, to be used as ailerons or flaps. It was built to the requirements of the German 'ace' Werner Voss, and abandoned after his death. One built. Ro II, Rohrbach All-metal flying boat. The Ro II was a monoplane of very angular construction. 1923. Ro III, Rohrbach Development of the {Ro II}. The Ro III was built in Denmark, and sold to Japan and Turkey. The Ro III was fitted with masts and sails for emergencies! Type: Ro III Function: reconnaissance Year: 1924 Crew: Engines: 2 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ro IX Rofix, Rohrbach All-metal parasol-wing fighter designed by Dr. Kurt Tank. It was built in Denmark to evade the Versailles treaty restrictions on German aircraft production. The Ro IX was destined for Turkey, but was abandoned after the loss of both prototypes. Type: Ro IX Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp BMW VI 5,5 Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 9.50m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 28.00m2 Empty Weight: 1320kg Max.Weight: 1950kg Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: Range: 770km Armament: 2*mg Rumpler 4B 11 Floatplane version of the {Rumpler B I}. Rumpler 4B 12 Improved {Rumpler 4B 11}. About 20 built. Type: 4B 12 Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 112kW Benz Bz III Wing Span: 14.50m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Rumpler 5A 2 See {Rumpler C I}. Rumpler 6A 2 Two-seat reconnaissance-fighter biplane. The 6A 2 had a well- streamlined fuselage and single-bay wings with Y-struts. But excessive vibration caused it to be abandoned. One built. Type: 6A 2 Function: reconnaissance fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 10.20m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1260kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Rumpler 6B 1 and 6B 2 Seaplane fighter, a derivative of the {Rumpler C I}. Approx 100 were built for the German Navy. Type: 6B 1 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Wing Span: 12.15m Length: 9.05m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 35.70m2 Empty Weight: 790kg Max.Weight: 1140kg Speed: 153km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4h Armament: 1*mg Rumpler 7C 1 The 7C 1 was a very clean two-seat fighter biplane. The fuselage was of unusual construction, with wooden frames and stringers, covered with a maze of fabric strips. It completely filled the gap between the wings. Development was abandoned. Type: 7C 1 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Rumpler 7D 1 and 7D 2 Single-seat fighter, very similar to the {Rumpler 7C 1}. Aerodynamic problems and unsatisfactory engine installation led to abandonment of the aircraft. Type: 7D 1 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Mercedes D III Wing Span: 8.20m Length: 5.90m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Rumpler 7D 3 The 7D 3 was of more appearance than the {Rumpler 7D 1}, with a normal wing cabane and twin struts replaced the I-type struts of the 7D 1. It's fate was identical: early abandonment. Type: 7D 3 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Mercedes D III Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Rumpler 7D 4 Biplane fighter. The 7D 4 retained the strutural principles of the {Rumpler 7D 1} to {Rumpler 7D 3}, but was strengthened. It was considered to be better than its predecessores, and development was continued. Pre-series aircraft were known as {Rumpler 7D 7}. Type: 7D 4 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Mercedes D III Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Rumpler 7D 5 Development of the {Rumpler 7D 4}. Rumpler 7D 7 Improved {Rumpler 7D 4}, with a new wing. The 7D 7 was not accepted for combat duty due to structural weakness of the tail. However, development still continued. The constructional principles of the 7D 1 were now abandoned, and the type became the 8D 1, entering production as the {Rumpler D I}. Type: 7D 7 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Rumpler 8D 1 See Rumpler D I. Rumpler B I reconnaissance biplane. 198 built. Type: B I Function: reconnaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Mercedes D I Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Rumpler C I Biplane reconnaissance aircraft. The efficient C I was introduced in 1915, and served until the end of WWI. It was a development of the {Rumpler B I}. Several hundreds were built. Type: C Ia Function: reconnaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 134kW Argus Wing Span: 12.15m Length: 7.85m Height: 3.05m Wing Area: 35.70m2 Empty Weight: 793kg Max.Weight: 1300kg Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4h Armament: 1-2*mg7.92mm 100kg Rumpler C III Biplane reconnaissance aircraft, a cleaned up development of the {Rumpler C I}. It was powered by a 164kW Benz Bz.IV engine, but was not ordered because the more powerful {Rumpler C IV} was awaited. Rumpler C IV Development of the {Rumpler C III}. The C IV had very good high-altitude performance, but less than 100 were built. It was used as long-range reconnaissance aircraft, operating deep into allied territory. Type: C IV Function: reconnaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Mercedes D.IVa Wing Span: 12.65m Length: 8.40m Height: 3.25m Wing Area: 33.50m2 Empty Weight: 1080kg Max.Weight: 1530kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 3.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Rumpler C V Development of the {Rumpler C IV} with a 194kW Mercedes D IVa engine. Performance was not significantly improved. No production. Rumpler C VII Development of the {Rumpler C IV}, with even better high-altitude performance. Crews were equipped with heated suits and oxygen bottles. Type: C VII Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 180kW Maybach Mb IV Wing Span: 12.55m Length: 8.20m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 33.60m2 Empty Weight: 1050kg Max.Weight: 1485kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 7300m Range: 3.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Rumpler C X Reconnaissance biplane. 240hp Mercedes D IV engine. One built. Rumpler D I This was the final Rumpler fighter, a derivative of the {Rumpler 7D 7}. A new, more conventional fuselage structure was employed. 49 were built. The D I had very good climb and altitude capability, but was considered unsuitable for close-in combat. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes Wing Span: 8.42m Length: 5.75m Height: 2.56m Wing Area: 16.66m2 Empty Weight: 615kg Max.Weight: 805kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: Rumpler G I The Rumpler G I was in service on all fronts during WWI, but went totally unnoticed to allied observers! It was a biplane bomber with two pusher engines. 58 built. Type: G I Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 150hp Benz Bz III Wing Span: 19.30m Length: 11.80m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 78.70m2 Empty Weight: 1998kg Max.Weight: 2940kg Speed: 145km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 4hrs Armament: 1*mg Rumpler G II Development of the {Rumpler G I}, powered by 220hp Benz Bz IV engines. The G II was fairly successful. Rumpler G III Development of the {Rumpler G I}, powered by 260hp Mercedes D IVa engines. The G III had structural weaknesses and was used only in very small numbers. --S-------------------------------------------------------------------------- S.I, Caspar This was an improved version of Heinkel's wartime floatplane designs for Hansa-Brandenburg. Production aircraft for Sweden were built by Svenska AB under the designation {S 5}. Type: S.I Function: reconnaissance floatplane Year: 1921 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 193kW Mercedes Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Sablatnig C I Reconnaissance biplane. Sablatnig C II Two-seat reconnaissance biplane. 240 Maybach Mb IV engine. No production. Sablatnig N 1 Night bomber development of the {Sablatnig C I}. Few were built and these had only a brief period of service. Type: N 1 Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150kW Benz Speed: 125km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Sablatnig SF 1 Reconnaissance seaplane, a wooden biplane. 1915. Sablatnig SF 2 reconnaissance floatplane, a development of the {Sablatnig SF 1}. Performance was mediocre, and the SF 2 was used as a trainer. 36 built. Type: SF 2 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Sablatnig SF 3 Two-seat biplane fighter on floats. One built. Type: SF 4 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Benz Bz IV Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mf7.9mm Sablatnig SF 4 Single-engined, single-seat floatplane fighter. Both triplane and biplane versions were built. The interplane struts of the biplane were of X-type, but faired in with fabric. Manoueverability was poor. The second prototype was then modified to have triplane wing with I-struts. Two built. Type: SF 4 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150hp Benz Bz III Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 8.33m Height: 3.73m Wing Area: 28.26m2 Empty Weight: 790kg Max.Weight: 1070kg Speed: 158km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.9mm Type: SF 4Dr Function: Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150hp Benz Bz III Wing Span: 9.25m Length: 8.33m Height: Wing Area: 28.38m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.9mm Sablatnig SF 5 Reconnaissance seaplane. Development of the {Sablatnig SF 2}. 101 built. Type: SF 5 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 112kW Benz Bz.III Wing Span: 17.30m Length: 9.60m Height: 3.55m Wing Area: 50.50m2 Empty Weight: 1052kg Max.Weight: 1605kg Speed: 148km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 160hp Benz engine. Sablatnig SF 6 Version of the {Sablatnig SF 5} with wheeled landing gear. One built. Sablatnig SF 7 Floatplane two-seat fighter. It was a two-bay biplane with I-struts, and no wire bracing. The {Brandenburg W 19} was selected for the Navy requirement, and only three SF 7's were built. Type: SF 7 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 240hp Maybach Mb IV Wing Span: 15.58m Length: 9.20m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 53.13m2 Empty Weight: 1557kg Max.Weight: 2116kg Speed: 164km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: Armament: 2*mg Sablatnig SF 8 Trainer, powered by a 110kW Benz Bz.III engine. Sabre, Canadair CL-13 and North American/Fiat F-86K The {F-86} Sabre swept-wing jet fighter was an US design. But the Sabres of the Luftwaffe were {CL-13A}s and CL-13Bs, the Canadian- built version of the F-86E with Avro Orenda engines, or Fiat-built F-86Ks. Schneider Biplane fighter, built in 1918 by Franz Schneider. It was powered by a 200hp Goebel Goe III engine. Alledgedly, it had variable incidence wings and engine. Schutte-Lanz C I Pusher biplane. 160hp Mercedes D III engine. No production. 1914. Schutte-Lanz D I This was the first German biplane fighter, a design inspired by the Sopwith {Tabloid}. It was rejected, on the grounds that biplanes were unsuitable as fighters because of inferior vision! Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Oberursel Wing Span: Length: 5.40m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Schutte-Lanz D II {Schutte-Lanz D I} modified with a 100hp Mercedes engine. Never flown. Schutte-Lanz D III This was a conventional biplane fighter with unspectacular performance. It was not accepted for production. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 8.00m Length: 6.50m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 860kg Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Schutte-Lanz D IV Biplane fighter. The D IV was built in parallel with the {Schutte-Lanz D III}, but a very different design. It had an even lower performance. Two built. Type: D IV Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Benz Bz III Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 5.80m Height: Wing Area: 22.96m2 Empty Weight: 695kg Max.Weight: 885kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Schutte-Lanz D V Development of the {Schutte-Lanz D IV}. Cancelled, because the supercharged Mercedes D III engine was not available. Schutte-Lanz D VI The D VI was a sesquiplane, or a parasol monoplane with aerofoil struts -- the wing struts were partly covered in a broad aerofoil section. One built. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 6.51m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Schutte-Land D VII Progressive development of the {Schutte-Lanz D III}. Development and flight testing continued until the end of WWI, but without much succes. Three built. Type: D VII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Mercedes D IIIavu Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 6.00m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 740kg Max.Weight: 920kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Schutte-Lanz Dr I This was a triplane development of the {Schutte-Lanz D III}. One built. Type: Dr I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: 8.00m Length: 6.26m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 900kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Schutte-Lanz G I Twin-engined biplane bomber. 160hp Mercedes D III engines. 1914. No production. Schwade Kampfeinsitzer Nr 1 Pusher biplane, one of the first German single-seat fighters. It was abandoned in favout of the more developed {Schwade Kampfeinsitzer Nr 2}. One built. Type: Nr 1 Function: fighter Year: 1914 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Schwade Stahlherz Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.9mm Schwade Kampfeinsitzer Nr 2 Single-seat pusher biplane fighter with twin tail booms, first flown in 1915. The tail booms were plywood-covered and of oval section, but this attempt at aerodynamic cleanliness was negated by the number of struts between the wings and fuselage. The engine was a 80hp Stalherz rotary. One built. SD I, Arado The SD I was a small sesquiplane fighter of advanced design. It was built clandestinely. The SD I had structural as well as handling problems, and was abandoned. One built. Type: SD I Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 425hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter Wing Span: 8.40m Length: 6.75m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 850kg Max.Weight: 1230kg Speed: 275km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm SD II, Arado This was a development of the {SD I}. It was a biplane, larger and heavier than its predecessor. Handling was difficult. Prototype only. Type: SD II Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 530hp Siemens-Halske Jupiter VI Wing Span: 9.90m Length: 7.40m Height: Wing Area: 23.00m2 Empty Weight: 1445kg Max.Weight: 1770kg Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm SD III, Arado Very similar to the {SD II}, but the Jupiter engine was not geared. The SD III served as basis for the {Ar 64}. Type: SD III Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 510hp Siemens-Halske Jupiter VI Wing Span: 9.90m Length: 7.75m Height: Wing Area: 23.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Sea Fury, Hawker British piston-engined carrier-based fighter, the last of its kind. Germany had 16 {Sea Fury} TT.20 target tugs. Sea Hawk, Armstrong Whitworth Straight-wing carrier fighter of British origin. The Bundesmarine ordered 68. Not that it had any carriers, the {Sea Hawk} was to fly from ships of its NATO allies. Sea King, Westland The {Sea King} is a British license-built version of the U.S. Sikorsky S{H-3} Sea King. Germany bought 22. Si 104, Siebel See {Fh 104}. Si 201, Siebel STOL aircraft. Development was delayed by problems, and finally abandoned in favour of the {Fi 156}. The Si 201 had a extensivily glazed nose cabin in the extreme nose, and a pusher propellor on the wing trailing edge; a thin boom under the propellor carried the tail surfaces. Type: Si 201 Function: liaison Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1770kW Argus As 10C Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: Armament: Si 204, Siebel Development of the {Fh 104}. The Si 204 was a twin-engined liaison aircraft, with twin tailfins, a drop-shaped fuselage and a fully glazed nose. It was pleasant to fly, functional and with a good performance. Over 1500 built, most by SNCAC in occupied France. Type: Si 204A Function: liaison / trainer Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 265kW Argus 410 Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: Armament: SIAT 222 Prototype of {SIAT 223}. SIAT 223 See {MBB 223}. Siemens-Schuckert D I This was a close copy of the French {Nieuport 11} sesquiplane fighter. Production was delayed until the type was obsolete, and most were used for training. 95 built. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80kW Siemens-Halske Wing Span: 7.50m Length: 6.00m Height: 2.59m Wing Area: 14.40m2 Empty Weight: 444kg Max.Weight: 654kg Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h 20m Armament: Siemens-Schuckert D II Biplane fighter, a rotund aircraft with a semi-monocoque fuselage. Six were built, with different wings. The 'D IIc kurz' with short-span wings was the prototype of the {Siemens-Schuckert D III}. Siemens-Schuckert D III Development of the {Siemens-Schuckert D II}. The D III had excellent rate of climb and handling, but the Sh III engine was troublesome. It was replaced by the Sh IIIa, and the lower part of engine cowling was removed to improve cooling. Eighty built. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh III Wing Span: 8.43m Length: 5.70m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 18.84m2 Empty Weight: 523kg Max.Weight: 725kg Speed: 177km/h Ceiling: 26240ft Range: 360km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Siemens-Schuckert D IV Development of the {Siemens-Schuckert D III} with a modified wing construction. The D IV was considered a better fighter than the {Fokker D VII}, but only 140 were built --- some after WWI --- and few reached frontline units. Production continued until January 1919. Type: D IV Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh IIIa Wing Span: 8.35m Length: 5.70m Height: Wing Area: 15.12m2 Empty Weight: 540kg Max.Weight: Speed: 184km/h Ceiling: Range: 385km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Siemens-Schuckert D V Development of the {Siemens-Schuckert D III}, less promising than the {Siemens-Schuckert D IV}. Three built. Type: D V Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh IIIa Wing Span: 8.86m Length: 5.70m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 514kg Max.Weight: 734kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Siemens-Schuckert D VI Parasol monoplane fighter. Two prototypes were built in 1919, after the end of WWI, but before the Versailles treaty halted German aircraft production. The D VI was a very clean design, apart from the bulge of the jettisonable fuel tank under the fuselage. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Siemens Halske Sh IIIa Wing Span: 9.37m Length: 6.50m Height: 2.72m Wing Area: 12.46m2 Empty Weight: 540kg Max.Weight: 710kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: 350km Armament: Siemens-Schuckert DD 5 This was the first biplane fighter of this manufacturer. Its handling was poor. One built. Type: DD 5 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Siemens-Halske Sh I Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.9mm Siemens-Schuckert Dr I Triplane fighter based on the {Siemens-Schuckert D I}. After a crash, it was considerably modified. One built. Type: Dr I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Siemens-Halske Sh I Wing Span: 8.60m Length: 5.30m Height: Wing Area: 18.10m2 Empty Weight: 510kg Max.Weight: 695kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Siemens-Schuckert Dr II Development of the {Siemens-Schuckert Dr I} with a 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh III engine. Not built. Siemens-Schuckert DDr I Push-pull triplane fighter, 1917. The DDr I had two 120hp Siemens-Halske Sh Ia rotary engines in a short nacelle. The pusher engine had a four-bladed, the tractor engine a two-bladed propeller. There were problems with the stability and the engine controls. One built. Type: DDr I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 120hp Siemens-Halske Sh Ia Wing Span: 10.90m Length: 5.80m Height: Wing Area: 30.00m2 Empty Weight: 680kg Max.Weight: 910kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Siemens-Schuckert DDr II Proposed version of the {Siemens-Schuckert DDr I} with Sh III engines. Not built. Siemens-Schuckert E I Monoplane fighter, 1915. Twenty were ordered, but the E I was obsolescent when it reached frontline units. Type: E I Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Siemens-Halske Sh I Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 7.10m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 16.00m2 Empty Weight: 473kg Max.Weight: 673kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: 210km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm Siemens-Schuckert E II Development of the {Siemens-Schuckert E I}, reengined with a 120hp Argus As II. This was an in-line engine, while the original one was a rotary. One built. Siemens-Schuckert E III Development of the {Siemens-Schuckert E I}, reengined with a 100hp Oberursel U I. Six built. Siemens-Schuckert E IV Proposed development of the {Siemens-Schuckert E III}. Not built. Siemens-Schuckert E IV Renamed {Siemens-Schuckert D VI}. Siemens-Schuckert R I Unusual biplane bomber. The three engines were fitted inside the fuselage, driving two propellers placed between the biplane wings. The aircraft featured a tail of two triangular booms above each other, with the tailplane fitted to the upper boom, to give the gunner a better arc of fire. Seven built. Type: R I Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: Engines: 3 * 110kW Benz Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Siemens-Schuckert R VI Development of the {Siemens-Schuckert R I}. SK 274, Heinkel Projected 'special bomber' version of the {He 274}. What was special about it was that it was intended for a one-way mission to New York. Skeeter, Saro British utility helicopter. Germany bought ten. SSD I, Arado Float biplane fighter, suitable for catapult launch from warships. It was a biplane, with the upper wing faired in into the fuselage. Later it was tested at Lipetsk with a fixed, wheeled undercarriage. The Heinkel {HD 38} was preferred. Type: SSD I Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 640hp BMW VI 6,3 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 8.50m Height: Wing Area: 31.00m2 Empty Weight: 1627kg Max.Weight: 2030kg Speed: 280km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Strato 1, Grob G 520 See {G 520}. Strato 2, Grob G 850 See {G 850}. Sycamore, Bristol Germany bought 50 of this British utility helicopter for use as SAR helicopters. --T-------------------------------------------------------------------------- T 28 Floh, D.F.W. The T 28 was one of the most unusual fighter aircraft of WWI. It had an extremely deep fuselage, which tapered sharply towards the tail. Despite a good performance, the German authorities showed no interest. One built. Type: T 28 Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Mercedes D I Wing Span: 6.20m Length: 4.50m Height: 2.30m Wing Area: 15.00m2 Empty Weight: 420kg Max.Weight: 650kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg T-33, Lockheed The Luftwaffe received 192 of th US-built {T-33} jet trainer. T 34, D.F.W. The T 34 was developed parallel into biplane (T 34-I) and triplane (T 34-II) versions. But were dismissed by the German air force because of poor cockpit vision and unsuitable design. Two built. Type: T 34-I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Type: T 34-II Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm T-37, Cessna German-owned {T-37} jet trainers fly in the US in USAF markings. T-38 Talon, Northrop 46 of the US-built {T-38} supersonic trainer were bought for advanced training. Training is undertaken in the USA and the T-38's carry USAF markings. German-owned {F-104}s in the USA also carry USAF markings. Ta 152, Focke-Wulf The Ta 152 was a development of the {Fw 190}D. There was a short-span Ta 152B version and a long-span Ta 152H version. The Ta 152H was an excellent high-altitude fighter, but appeared too late, and few became operational. The Ta 152s were often used to protect jet fighter bases. 215 built. Type: Ta 152H-1 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1875kW Junkers Jumo 213E-1 Wing Span: 14.50m Length: 10.80m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 23.50m2 Empty Weight: 3920kg Max.Weight: 4750kg Speed: 759km/h Ceiling: 14800m Range: 2000km Armament: 1*g30mm 2-4*g20mm Ta 153, Focke-Wulf One built. Development of the {Ta 152} with a long-span, high-aspect ratio wing and a Daimler-Benz DB 603 engine. Ta 154, Focke-Wulf The Ta 154 was a wooden twin-engined fighter. This design was inspired by the succes of the British {Mosquito}, and showed promise, with good performance and fine handling. But the wooden construction raised problems, and when the factory that produced the glue for its contruction was bombed, it was decided to abandon the Ta 154. Over 50 seem to have been built, and a few were handed over to operational units. Type: Ta 154A-1 Function: nightfighter Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1280kW Junkers Jumo 213E Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 650km/h Ceiling: 10900m Range: 1860km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*g30mm Ta 183, Focke-Wulf The Ta 183 was a swept-wing jet fighter. It was never built. However, in the postwar years a number of Ta 183 lookalikes was built, including the {MiG-15}, the Saab {J29} Tunnan, and Kurt Tank's {Pulqui II}, built in Argentina. Ta 254, Focke-Wulf Proposed long-span development of the {Ta 154}. Ta 283, Focke-Wulf See {Fw 283}. Ta 400, Focke-Wulf Proposed six-engined bomber, possibly a development of the {Fw 300} design. Never built. Taube, Etrich See {Etrich A}. Tiger, Eurocopter The French-German Tiger was designed as anti-tank and attack helicopter to replace both the French {Gazelle} and the German {Bo 105}. The Tiger has the traditional tandem-seat arrangment of such types, with mast-mounted or roof-mounted sighting systems. Service entry is now expected in 2002, after considerable delay. Type: Tiger Function: attack Year: (2002) Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 958kW MTU/R.R./Turbomeca MTR 390 Rotor Span: 13.00m Length: Height: 3.81m Disc Area: 132.7m2 Empty Weight: 3300kg Max.Weight: 5800kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: 2hrs 50min Armament: Tornado, Panavia German/British/French/Italian strike aircraft. The compact, swing-wing {Tornado} has also been built in EW and fighter versions, but the latter only serves with the RAF. Type: Tornado IDS Function: attack Year: 1982 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 7260kg Turbo-Union RB-199-34R mk101 Wing Span: 13.90m/8.60m Length: 16.70m Height: 5.70m Wing Area: 30m2 Speed: 2053km/h Ceiling: Range: 4830km Armament: 2*g27mm 8160kg Triebflugel, Focke-Wulf This was a design for a tail-sitting fighter. The design had a bullet-shaped fuselage with a three-bladed rotor turning around it at mid-height position; ramjets were to be fitted to the rotortips. Never built. Tu-134, Tupolev Most transport aircraft of the DDR have been kept in service with the air forces of the reunited Germany. That includes five {Tu-134}A jet transports. Tu-154, Tupolev Two {Tu-154}M transports also continue in service with the forces of the reunited Germany. --U-------------------------------------------------------------------------- U-1, Caspar-Heinkel The U-1 was built in Germany during 1922, despite the clause in the treaty of Versailles forbidden the development of military aircraft. It had been ordered by the USA. It was a small, wooden, twin-float biplane for submarines. Two were built for the USA and at least two (possibly four) for Japan. Type: U-1 Function: reconaisssance Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 60hp Siemens Wing Span: 7.22m Length: 6.20m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 360kg Max.Weight: 510kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 2hrs UFAG C I Type: C I Function: reconnaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 170kW Hiero Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: 4900m Range: 3h Armament: 2-3*mg UH-1 Iroquois, Bell The U{H-1} is an US-built utility helicopter. 344 delivered to the Heeresflieger and Luftwaffe, including many license-built by Dornier. --V-------------------------------------------------------------------------- VAK 191B, VFW-Fokker Experimental VTOL fighter, a light aircraft with a very small wing. Three built. Type: VAK 191B Function: experimental fighter Year: 1971 Crew: Engines: 1 * 4500kg R.R.-MTU RB-193-12 2 * 2530kg R.R.-MTU RB-182-81 Speed: M.09 Ceiling: Range: Armament: VFW 614 Small jet transport. The VFW 614 had twin jet engines in pods above the wing, so that the landing gear could kept reasonably short. It was originally intended for operations in developing countries, but was developed into a commuterliner. It was not very succesful: only 19 were built. To avoid after-sales support costs, VFW retrieved most of the delivered aircraft and scrapped them. Three are still used by the Luftwaffe. Type: VFW 614 Function: transport Year: 1974 Crew: Engines: 2 * 33.24kN R.R.-SNECMA M45H Mk 501 Wing Span: 21.50m Length: 20.60m Height: 7.84m Wing Area: 64.00m2 Empty Weight: 11850kg Max.Weight: 19950kg Speed: 700km/h Ceiling: 7600m Range: 1200km Load: 4420kg, 40 seats VJ 101, EWR-Sud The VJ 101C was an experimental VTOL aircraft with two swivelling pairs of jet engines at the wings tips, and a pair of lift engines in the forward fuselage. The proposed VJ 101D mach 2 interceptor was never built. Two built. Type: VJ 101C X-2 Function: VTOL experimental Year: 1965 Crew: 1 Engines: 6 * 1240kg R.R. RB.145 Speed: 1700km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: --W-------------------------------------------------------------------------- W 4, Focke-Wulf Two-seat floatplane, a biplane with cantilever wings of all-metal construction, powered by a 480hp Jupiter radial. 1928. W 33, Junkers See {W 34}. W 34, Junkers The W 33 (with in-line engine) and W 34 (with BMW radial engine) were a logical development of the Junkers {F 13}, and the precursor of the {Ju 52}. They were sturdy monoplanes with corrugated skinning and fixed landing gear. Used as transport and liaison aircraft during WWII. 1991 built. Type: W.34h Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 492kW BWM 132 Wing Span: 17.75m Length: 10.27m Height: 3.53m Wing Area: 43m2 Empty Weight: 1700kg Max.Weight: 3200kg Speed: 265km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 900km Load: 6 seats WNF 342, Doblhoff First helicopter with a tipjet drive. The engine delivered compressed air to the rotortip jets. Type: WNF 342 Function: helicopter Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 140hp Siemens-Halske Sh 14A Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: --X-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --Y-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --Z-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Zeppelin CL II All-metal biplane. 1917. Zeppelin-Lindau V 1 Single-seat all-metal fighter. Its by 1916 standards very advanced structure was combined with an obsolete pusher-biplane layout. It was overweight. The first test pilot refused to fly it because the V1 was tail-heavy. A pilot was found who was willing to fly it, but the aircraft crashed immediately and killed him. One built. Type: V 1 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Maybach Mb III Wing Span: 10.55m Length: 7.10m Height: 2.65m Wing Area: 24.60m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Zeppelin-Lindau D I The D I was an all-metal, biplane fighter with cantilever wings. Six were completed. After WWI two were evaluated in the USA. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp BMW IIIa Wing Span: 7.80m Length: 6.40m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 18.66m2 Empty Weight: 725kg Max.Weight: Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: 270km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Zeppelin-Lindau Rs I Large biplane flying boat. Zeppelin-Staaken R IV Four-engined bomber biplane. 1917. Zeppelin-Staaken R VI Count Zeppelin was not only interested in airships but also in large aircraft. The R VI was the only of the big Zeppelin bombers to be built in series. The nacelles between the wings housed not only engine in tandem, but also a mechanic. 18 built. Type: R VI Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 190kW Mercedes IVa Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: 3800m Range: 800km Armament: 3-4*mg7.92mm 2000kg Zeppelin-Staaken R XV Four-engined biplane bomber. 1918, three built. =============================================================================