------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version of 4 July 1997 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --0--------------------------------------------------------------------------- --A--------------------------------------------------------------------------- A, Gourdou-Leseurre See {GL-1}. A, Morane-Saulnier Training monoplane. 13 built for the French army. A.2, Spad See {SA.2}. AA.1, Ateliers-Aeronautiques d'Issy-Moulinaux This was the Caudron C.440 {Goeland}, as built by the nationalized Caudron factory after 1945. AAC-1 Toucan French version of the Junkers {Ju 52}, built during and after WWII. AC, Morane-Saulnier Shoulder-wing fighter monoplane. The AC had ailerons, while the earlier types {N}, {G}, {I} and {V} used wing warping. The AC was a clean, advanced design, but the SPAD {S.VII} was preferred, and only about 30 were built. Type: AC Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120hp Le Rhone 9JB Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 7.05m Height: 2.73m Wing Area: 15.00m2 Empty Weight: 435kg Max.Weight: 658kg Speed: 178km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h 30m Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Ader Clement Ader claimed to have flown in his 'Eole' on 9 October 1890. This was a about 50m powered 'hop', uncontrolled but the first from ground level (starting ramps were used for earlier hops.) On 3 February 1892, Ader received a contract for a two-seater capable of carrying 75kg of bombs. It was built but crashed at the first flight attempt on 14 October 1897. Aerienne Bordelaise 80 Bomber design. AF, Morane-Saulnier Fighter biplane, the first of this manufacturer that had previously built monoplane fighters. The AF had excellent handling and performance, but did not enter production because the it improved too little on the SPAD {S.XIII}. Type: AF Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150hp Gnome Monosoupape 9Nb Wing Span: 7.47m Length: 5.15m Height: 2.35m Wing Area: 15.31m2 Empty Weight: 421kg Max.Weight: 649kg Speed: 207km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm AFH, Morane-Saulnier Shipboard, seaplane derivative of the {AF}. AI, Morane-Saulnier Single-seat, parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The AI was built as the MoS.27C version with a single gun, the MoS.29C with two guns, and the MoS.30E.1 as trainer. The AI was considered to be the equal of the SPAD {S.XIII}, but the wing showed some weakness, and the combat career was very brief because of the unreliable engines. 1210 were built. Type: AI Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Gnome Monosoupape 9N Wing Span: 8.51m Length: 5.65m Height: 2.4m Wing Area: 13.39m2 Empty Weight: 488kg Max.Weight: 598kg Speed: 208km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 1-2*mg Aiglon, Caudron C.600 (601) Civil touring monoplane; used by the military from 1939 until after WWII. Type: C.600 Function: liaisin Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 140hp Renault Bengali Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 540km Aladin, Dassault MD 451 See {MD 451}. Alcyon, Morane-Saulnier MS.733 Basic trainer, a low wing monoplane with retractable landing gear. The MS.733 was built for the Armee de l'Air and the Aeronavale. It had fine handling, but a mediocre performance. Some flew combat missions in Algeria. 205 built. Type: MS.733 Function: trainer Year: 1951 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 1 * 179kW Potez 6D.30 Wing Span: 11.29m Length: 9.32m Height: 2.42m Wing Area: 21.90m2 Empty Weight: 1260kg Max.Weight: 1870kg Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 920km Alize, Breguet Br 1050 Small carrier-based ASW and attack aircraft, developed from the {Vultur}. 89 were built. They will serve until the year 2000, when the {E-2} Hawkeye will replace them on the new French carriers. In the later years of their career their role was restricted to that of radar and electronic warfare aircraft. Type: Br 1050 Alize Function: ASW Year: 1956 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1473kW R.R. Dart R.Da.7 Mk.21 Wing Span: 15.60m Length: 13.86m Height: 5.00m Wing Area: 36m2 Empty Weight: 5700kg Max.Weight: 8200kg Speed: 518km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 2500km Armament: 1360kg Alouette, Sud-Est SE 3120 Light helicopter. The Alouette was already a good helicopter; great succes came when the 200hp Salmson engine was replaced by a turboshaft to create the {Alouette II}. In 1953, a prototype Alouette was used for the first missile firing trials. Type: Alouette Function: utility Year: 1952 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150kW Salmson 9Nh Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 2 seats Alouette II, Sud-Est / Aerospatiale Light helicopter. The Alouette II is as simple as possible with a tubular frame, an engine and a small cabin. It was the first production helicopter with a turboshaft engine. Over 1300 were built. Type: SE 313B Alouette II Function: utility Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 285kW Turbomeca Artouste II C6 Rotor Span: 10.20m Length: 12.05m Height: 2.75m Disc Area: 87.71m2 Empty Weight: 895kg Max.Weight: 1600kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 2150m Range: 565km Load: 4 seats Alouette III, Aerospatiale Light transport and utility helicopter. A bit larger and more refined than the {Alouette II}, with a fully faired fuselage structure. 1445 were built in France but it was also license-built in Romania and India. Type: SA 316B Alouette III Function: utility Year: 1970 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 435kW Turbomeca Artouste IIIB Rotor Span: 11.02m Length: 12.84m Height: 3.00m Disc Area: 95.38m2 Empty Weight: 1143kg Max.Weight: 2200kg Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 3200m Range: 540km Load: 4 seats, 750kg. Alpha Jet, Dassault-Breguet/Dornier French/German jet trainer and strike aircraft. That is, the French version is a trainer, and the German one is primarly a strike aircraft, replacing the Fiat {G.91}. The Alpha Jet is a twin-engined aircraft with a high-set, moderately swept wing. Type: Alpha Jet A Function: trainer / strike Year: 1977 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1350kg SNECMA/Turbomeca Lazrac O4-C5 Wing Span: 9.11m Length: 13.23m Height: 4.33m Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: 3515kg Max.Weight: 8000kg Speed: M0.86 Ceiling: 15000m Range: 2780km Armament: 1*g27mm 2500kg A.M.1 Express-Marin, Mureaux The A.M.1 was a shipboard, parasol-wing monoplane fighter. Like many shipboard fighters of the time, the A.M.1 had a jettisonable undercarriage and flotations bags in the fuselage, for the event of ditching. It also featured a small foreplane on the lower front fuselage to prevent nosing over. One built. Type: A.M.1 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8F Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.40m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 33.60m2 Empty Weight: 900kg Max.Weight: 1420kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Amiot 110 Lightweight interceptor, a sesquiplane with very small lower wings, which were used as jettisonable fuel tanks. It was an all-metal aicraft. Development was halted after the loss of the prototype. One built. Type: 110 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Mb Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 6.50m Height: 2.83m Wing Area: 21.00m2 Empty Weight: 1120kg Max.Weight: 1500kg Speed: 296km/h Ceiling: Range: 500km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Amiot 120 (12, 122, 123, 124, 125) The Amiot 120 was conceived as a single-engined "heavy" bomber. After the two-seat Amiot 12 and Amiot 120, the three-seat Amiot 122 followed. 80 of these were built for the French air force. A development, the Amiot 123, was built for Poland. The 123, 124 and 125 were experimental models with different engines. Type: 122 BP3 Function: bomber Year: 1929 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 650hp Lorraine Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 2260kg Max.Weight: Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: Armament: 5*mg7.5mm 800kg Amiot 140 (142, 143, 144, 147) The concept of the Amiot 140 was that of the "multiplace de combat", an all-round aircraft that would be used as bomber, reconnaissance aircraft and escort fighter. It was extremely ugly, with a rectangular fuselage and a big, very thick wing. When conceived in 1925 it seemed attractive enough, and the 140 prototype flew in 1931. The 141 introduced gun turrets, and the 142 supercharged Hispano-Suiza 12Y engines. The production model was the 143, which had supercharged Gnome-Rhone 14K radials. But when deliveries of the 143 began in 1935, the type was already obsolete. It could not be replaced in time, and operations in 1940 were disastrous. It was soon used only as transport. The Amiot 144 was a development with a rectractable undercarriage and the Amiot 147 had twin tail fins. Type: 143M Function: bomber / reconaissance Year: 1934 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 870hp Gnome-Rhone 14Kirs/Kjrs Wing Span: 24.53m Length: 18.24m Height: 5.68m Wing Area: 100m2 Empty Weight: 5562kg Max.Weight: 10252kg Speed: 357km/h Ceiling: 7900m Range: 1984km Armament: 4*mg7.5mm 900kg Amiot 150 Reconaissance and torpedo bomber version of the {Amiot 140}, with interchangeable wheeled or float landing gear. One built. Amiot 340 (341) Three-seat initial prototype of the {Amiot 350}. Amiot 350 (351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357) The Amiot 350 was an elegantly streamlined twin-engined bomber, very different from the angular, ugly and slow bombers that served in the French air force during the '30s. A mid-wing aircraft with a fuselage of circular cross-section and twin tail fins. The 351 and 354 were ordered in quantity to modernize the French air force, but lack of equipment and sabotage reduced production before the defeat of 1940 to 86 aircraft, prototypes not included. Type: 354 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 2 * 1060hp Gnome-Rhone 14N Speed: 490km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 2500km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.6mm 1200kg AN, Morane-Saulnier MoS.31 Two-seat biplane fighter, powered by a large 16-cylinder Bugatti liquid-cooled engine. Results were disappointing, and the AN was not ordered. Attempts to reengine the type produced the {ANL}, {ANR} and {ANS}, which also remained unsuccessful. Type: AN Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Bugatti Wing Span: 11.73m Length: 8.34m Height: 2.77m Wing Area: 41.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1770kg Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.7mm ANF-Mureaux ... See Mureaux. ANL, Morane-Saulnier MoS.32 Development of the {AN} with a 400hp Liberty 12 engine. 1919. No production. ANR, Morane-Saulnier MoS.33 Development of the {AN} with a 450hp Renault 12Kb engine. 1919. No production. ANS, Morane-Saulnier MoS.34 Development of the {AN} with a 530hp Salmson 18Z engine. 1919. No production. Apterion, Breguet 1110 Project for a twin-engined VTOL fighter. Aquilon, Sud-Est SE 201 (202, 203, 204) French version of the British De Havilland {Sea Venom} twin-boom shipboard jet fighter. 96 were built. The first series were two-seaters, intended as nightfighters, but the radar equipment was not fitted and could not be fited in when it finally was ready. Therefore the last 40 were radar-equipped single-seaters, although the cockpit contours were not changed. Type: Aquilon 203 Function: fighter Year: 1954 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2200kg de Havilland Ghost 48 Mk.1 Wing Span: 13.07m Length: 11.17m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 26.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 935km/h Ceiling: Range: 1560km Armament: 4*g20mm AR, Morane-Saulnier Parasol-wing trainer, developed from the {LA}. Over 400 were built. Type: AR Function: trainer Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 60kW Le Rhone 9C Wing Span: 10.57m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 764kg Speed: 125km/h Ceiling: 4600m Range: AR.1, Dorand Biplane reconaissance aircraft, used from 1917 until the end of WWI. The wings had backstagger. Type: AR.1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 190hp Renault Speed: 152km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 3h Armament: 2-3*mg 82kg AR.2, Dorand Improved {AR.1} with a 200hp Renault engine. Ariel, Sud-Ouest SO 1100 (1110, 1120) Experimental light helicopter. The Ariel I and II had piston engines that delivered compressed air to the rotor tip jets. Ariel III used a gas turbine instead, and could carry a passenger. Type: SO 1100 Ariel I Function: experimental Year: 1949 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220hp Mathis G8 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Arsenal-Delanne 10 This was an innovative two-seat fighter. It was of tandem-wing configuration, with a front gull wing on top of the mid-fuselage, and a low-set wing with wingtip fins and rudders in the tail position. It flew after the occupation of France by Germany, and was taken to Germany for testing. Type: 10 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs Wing Span: 10.11m Length: 7.33m Height: 3.06m Wing Area: 22.5m2 Empty Weight: 2880kg Max.Weight: Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm Atar Volant, SNECMA VTOL testbed. An Atar jet engine was balanced on its exhaust. This led to the development of the Coleoptere. Atlantic, Dassault-Breguet (Atlantique) Twin-turboprop ASW aircraft, developed to NATO requirements. Most long-range ASW aircraft are adaptions from transport aircraft, but the Atlantic (or Atlantique) was designed from the outset as such. Usde by the French, German, Dutch and Italian forces. Deliveries began in 1965; in 1982 the 'second generation' Atlantic 2 began to replace it. Type: Altlantique ATL.2 Function: maritime patrol / ASW Year: 1982 Crew: Engines: 2 * 4640kW R.R. Tyne RTy.20 Mk 21 Wing Span: 37.42m Length: 33.63m Height: 10.89m Wing Area: 120.30m2 Empty Weight: 25600kg Max.Weight: 46200kg Speed: 648km/h Ceiling: 9145m Range: 18h Armament: Avimeta 88 Two-seat fighter-reconaissance aircraft, an all-metal high-wing aircraft with corrugated skinning. The official requirement for such aircraft was abandoned. One built. Type: 88 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 17.00m Length: 9.76m Height: Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: 1550kg Max.Weight: 2400kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm --B--------------------------------------------------------------------------- B, Gourdou-Leseurre See {GL-2} (Type B), {GL-21} (Type B2), {GL-22} (Type B3) or {GL-23} (Type B4). B-26 Invader, Douglas US-built fast twin-engined light bomber. It was used by French forces in Indochina. BAJ IV Two-seat biplane fighter. It was too late for WWI, and only two were built. Type: IV Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.7mm Balzac, Dassault Experimental VTOL aircraft. The Balzac was a VTOL development of the {Mirage III}, with a larger, wider fuselage containing eight Rolls-Royce lift engines. It was a technology demonstrator for the Mirage IIIV. Type: Balzac V Function: experimental Year: 1962 Crew: Engines: 8 * 9.83kN Rolls-Royce RB.108 1 * 21.57kN Bristol Orpheus BOr 3 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: M0.9 Ceiling: Range: Baroudeur, Sud-Est SE 5000 (5003) The Baroudeur was a light, simple jet fighter without undercarriage. Take-off was by a rocket-powered trolley, and it landed on skis on a grass strip. The advantages were simplicity and independence from airfields. The disadvantages of such an arrangment were difficult handling of landed aircraft. Five built. Type: SE 5003 Baroudeur Function: fighter Year: 1955 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3700kg SNECMA Atar 101E-4 Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 13.66m Height: 3.25m Wing Area: 25.30m2 Empty Weight: 4520kg Max.Weight: 7150kg Speed: 1033km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm 908kg Barougan, Dassault Version of the {Ouragan} for grass airfields. No production. Barracuda, Fairey The British {Barracuda} was a carrier-borne attack aircraft, but the French used it for some time for "special operations", as a more modern equivalent to the Westland {Lysander}. Service life was short, because of the types insufficient range and serviceability problems. Ten Mk.IIs were bought. BB, Morane-Saulnier A small two-seat biplane. The BB had a very closely cowled rotary engine. Few were built, for British use only. Type: BB Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 8.65m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 750kg Speed: 146km/h Ceiling: Range: Bernard 10 All-metal, cantilever monoplane fighter. The Bernard 10 was a low- wing monoplane with fixed landing gear. The latter was an inverted T-constrution, with a vertical pylon containing the radiator and an aerofoil-section axis. Handling and performance did not warrant continuation of the development. One built. Type: Bernard 10 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.00m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 19.20m2 Empty Weight: 950kg Max.Weight: Speed: 248km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Bernard 12 This was a monoplane very fighter, very similar to the Bernard 10, but with a more conventional undercarriage and a radial engine. The French air force preferred at that time biplanes or sesquiplanes. One built. Type: 12 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter 9Ab Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.20m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 21.00m2 Empty Weight: 910kg Max.Weight: Speed: 265km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm Bernard 14 This fighter was developed in parallel with the {Bernard 12}. It was a wooden sesquiplane fighter. Development was abandoned after the prototype crashed because to a failure of the upper wing structure. One built. Type: 14 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 12.50m Length: 7.40m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 27.00m2 Empty Weight: 1250kg Max.Weight: Speed: 265km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm Bernard 15 This sequiplane fighter differed from the {Bernard 14} mainly in having smaller wings. Only one was built. Type: 15 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 11.40m Length: 7.50m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Bernard 20 The Bernard 20 was a sleek low-wing monoplane fighter. It had a cantilever wing, but an open cockpit and fixed landing gear. It was built of wood, and developed from a series of racing aircraft. The French airforce dropped its requirement for a light fighter. One built. Type: Bernard 20 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 298kW Hispano-Suiza 12Jb Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 7.45m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 16.70m2 Empty Weight: 1023kg Max Weight: 1370kg Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Bernard 74 (75) The 74 was a lightweight fighter derived from the Bernard 72 and 73 racing monoplanes. It was of wooden construction. Two built. The model 75 was the proposed production version. Type: 74 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 280hp Gnome-Rhone 7Kbs Wing Span: 9.20m Length: 7.00m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 13.45m2 Empty Weight: 825kg Max.Weight: 1106kg Speed: 310km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Bernard 260 This was another ligtweight monoplane fighter produced by Bernard. The 260 was of all-metal construction, with an open cockpit and fixed landing gear. The Dewoitine {D.500} was preferred. One built. Type: 260 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs Wing Span: 11.30m Length: 7.80m Height: Wing Area: 18.2m2 Empty Weight: 1357kg Max.Weight: 1800kg Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm BH, Morane-Saulnier Development of the BB with in-line Hispano-Suiza engine. No production. Bizerte, Breguet Br 521 (522) Larger development of the British Short {Calcutta}. A big three-engined biplane flying boat. After the armistice a number were used by the Luftwaffe for SAR flights. 34 built. Type: Br 521 Function: reconaissance Year: 1935 Crew: 8 Engines: 3 * 671kW Gnome-Rhone 14 Kirs 1 Wing Span: 35.15m Length: 20.50m Height: 7.45m Wing Area: 162.6m2 Empty Weight: 9470kg Max.Weight: 16600kg Speed: 243km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 3000km Armament: 5*mg7.5mm 300kg BLC, Breguet Reengined version of the {BUC}. A pusher biplane with unspectacular performance. About 40 built, of which 17 for the British RNAS. Type: BLC Function: fighter Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220hp Renault 12Fb Wing Span: 16.40m Length: 9.50m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 54.0m2 Empty Weight: 1160kg Max.Weight: 1535kg Speed: 138km/h Ceiling: Range: 3hrs Armament: 1*g37mm Bleriot XI The Bleriot XI monoplane, developed from the famous IX in which Louis Bleriot flew over the Channel, was one of the numerous reconaissance aircraft of the beginning of WWI. 132 built. Type: XI-2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Gnome 7B Wing Span: 10.25m Length: 8.45m Height: 2.5m Wing Area: 23m2 Empty Weight: 349kg Max.Weight: 625kg Speed: 106km/h Ceiling: Range: 3h 30m Armament: Bleriot XI BG This was a parasol monoplane version of the {Bleriot XI}, intended as a two-seat recce aircraft. A few entered service. Bleriot 107 Bomber, designed to replace the Caudron {R.XI}. 1922. Bleriot 117 Development of the {Bleriot 107}. Two 298kW Lorraine 12Db engines. 1924. Bleriot 127 The production development of the {Bleriot 107} and {Bleriot 117} series. The 127 was an angular, ugly low-wing monoplane. The engine nacelles were made deep and long, so that gunners could sit in the extensions behind the wing trailing edge. The 127 was considered a multi-role aircraft, suitable for bombardment, reconnaissance and fighter escort duties. Despite its modern looks it was ineffective, but the few tens that were built served until 1934. Type: 127/2 Function: multi-role Year: 1928 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 410kW Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 23.2m Length: 14.68m Height: 3.41m Wing Area: 88m2 Empty Weight: 3750kg Max.Weight: 4966kg Speed: 199km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 6850m Armament: 6*mg7.7mm 250kg Bloch 80 (81) 21 built. Type: 81 Function: ambulance / transport Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 175hp Salmson 9Nd Speed: 188km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 655km Load: 1 seat / litter Bloch 130 (131, 134) Another 'multiplace de combat'. Orders for the 130 were cancelled in favour of the modified {Bloch 131}, but this proved a very disappointing aircraft. It was a sleek low-wing monoplane, similar to the Martin {Maryland}, but it was already obsolete when it entered service. During WWII it was quickly switched to night operations, and only 134 were built. The improved 134 was much better, with a better performance than the {LeO 451}, but the armistice ended development, and only one was built. Type: Bloch 131 Function: reconaissance-bomber Year: 1938 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 870hp Gnome-Rhone 14N Wing Span: 20.3m Length: 17.85m Height: 4.1m Wing Area: 54m2 Empty Weight: 4690kg Max.Weight: 8600kg Speed: 349km/h Ceiling: 7250m Range: 1300km Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 800kg Type: 134 Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1140hp Gnome-Rhone 14N (?) Speed: 570km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Bloch 135 Four-engined bomber, a beautiful aircraft derived from the twin-engined {Bloch 130} and its developments. The Bloch 135 handled very well, but there was little need for the type. One built. Type: 135 Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: Engines: 4 * 710hp Gnome-Rhone 14M4/5 Wing Span: 21.28m Length: 15.44m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 60.6m2 Empty Weight: 5840kg Max.Weight: 9930kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: 2000km Armament: 2*mg7.5mm 1*g20mm 1350kg Bleriot 137 Design for a 'multiplace de combat' for bombing, reconaissance and escort tasks. The {Amiot 140} design was selected for production. Bloch 140 Three-seat, four-engined bomber. Construction was interrupted by the defeat in 1940, and all records were destroyed. It is described as a very advanced design. Bloch 150 (151, 152, 155, 157) See {MB.150}. Bloch 160 (161, 162) Four-engined transport, basically an enlarged {Bloch 220}. Two or three 160s were built, and two were later used as VIP transport and painted in military colors. The original 162 design was a long-range record-breaking aircraft, but it was abandoned. The single 162 emerged as much redesigned four-engined bomber, differing from the 160 by its radial engines, twin tailfins, and long, glazed nose. The 162 was used by the Luftwaffe, in I/KG 200. The post-war development of this family was the SE.161 {Languedoc} transport aircraft, which again had little in common with the 160 or 162. Type: 160 Function: transport Year: 1936 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 720hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xirs Wing Span: 27.40m Length: 25.79m Height: 5m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 9950kg Max.Weight: 15440kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: Type: 162 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 1100hp Gnome-Rhone 14N 48/49 Wing Span: 28.40m Length: 22.16m Height: 3.75m Wing Area: 107m2 Empty Weight: 11865kg Max.Weight: 19000kg Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.5mm 2*g20mm 3600kg Bloch 170 (172, 174, 175, 176, 177) Light bomber and reconaissance aircraft, a low-wing monoplane with twin tail fins. A good, modern aircraft, but again too late for the war: The first production aircraft were delivered in March 1940. The Luftwaffe used about 50 as trainers. Production was resumed after WWII. 59 built. Type: 174 Function: reconaissance / bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1140hp Gnome-Rhone 14 48/49 Wing Span: 17.90m Length: 12.25m Height: 3.55m Wing Area: 38.00m2 Empty Weight: 5600kg Max.Weight: 7160kg Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 1650km Armament: 7*mg7.5mm 400kg Bloch 179 Four-engined derivative of the {Bloch 170} family. Not built. Bloch 200 (201, 202, 203) Medium bomber. The 200 was an angular high-wing monoplane with corrugated skinning, and obsolete in 1940. 333 were built, including 124 license-built in Czechoslovakia --- these served in Bulgaria, Germany and Rumania after the division of Czechoslovakia. The experimental variants 201, 202 and 203 had different engine installations; the 202 was four-engined. Type: 200 Function: bomber Year: 1933 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 870hp Gnome-Rhone 14Kirs/Kjrs Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: Range: 1000km Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 1500kg Bloch 210 (211) After WWII, Maurice Bloch would change his name to Dassault and build some of the most elegant combat aircraft ever flown. In the thirties, he followed the trend in designing the ugly, angular Bloch 210 monoplane bomber, although this was relative modern in concept: A low-wing monoplane with rectractable landing gear. The Bloch 210 was obsolete in 1940 but despite efforts to replace it was still in large-scale service. 283 built. Type: Bloch 210 BN5 Function: bomber Year: 1934 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 910hp Gnome-Rhone 14N 10/11 Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: 9900m Range: 1700km Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 1600kg Bloch 220 (221) Airliner. 17 built, at least one pressed into military service. Type: 220 Function: transport Year: 1937 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 985hp Gnome-Rhone 14N 16/17 Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1400km Load: 16 seats Bloch 700 (720) Lightweight monoplane fighter of wooden construction, a design competing with the {C.710}. It was a neat little aircraft, but had many faults. Not the least of them was that it was unable to exceed 380km/h during tests! The prototype was destroyed in the fighting of 1940. The Bloch 720 was a study for a navalised derivative, and was not built. Type: 700 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 700hp Gnome-Rhone 14M6 Wing Span: 8.90m Length: 7.34m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 12.40m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: Range: 2hrs Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm B.N.4, Farman Large, unsuccessful and ugly biplane bomber. 1921. Borel-Boccaccio 3000 Two-seat biplane fighter, a good aircraft that arrived too late for WWI. One built. Type: 3000 Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 11.40m Length: 7.15m Height: Wing Area: 32.5m2 Empty Weight: 807kg Max.Weight: 1340kg Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: Range: 3hrs Armament: 3*mg7.7mm Br IV, Breguet See {BrM.4}. Br XIV, Breguet Over 8000 were built of this biplane bomber and reconaissance aircraft, and production continued until 1926. It was a sturdy aircraft, that also pioneered the use of aluminium alloys. Later it also pioneered airline services. Type: Br XIV A.2 Function: reconaissance aircraft Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 224kW Renault 12Fe Wing Span: 14.86m Length: 8.87m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 49.2m2 Empty Weight: 1030kg Max.Weight: 1565kg Speed: 184km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 3h Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 40kg Br XVI, Breguet Development of the XIV with longer wings and increased bomb load. Br XVII, Breguet A smaller and more powerful development of the {Br XIV}, intended as two-seat fighter. Not very successful. Type: Br XVII Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 336kW Renault 12KI Wing Span: 14.28m Length: 8.10m Height: 3.42m Wing Area: 43.30m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1840kg Speed: 218kmh Ceiling: 7500m Range: Armament: 5*mg7.7mm Br XIX, Breguet Biplane reconaissance aircraft and bomber, of which more than 3280 were built between 1922 and 1934. Constructed of duralumium with a cloth covering. The Br XIX also made the first east-to-west crossing of the North Atlantic. Some exported Br XIXs were still in service during WWII. Type: Br XIX B.2 Function: bomber / reconaissance Year: 1922 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 6700m Range: 800km Armament: 2-3*mg7.5mm 440kg Br 27, Breguet Prototype for the {Br 270} series. Br 41, Breguet Biplane version of the {Br 270} series. Production orders were cancelled. Br 121, Breguet Design for a strike aircraft. Never built, but provided the basis for the Sepecat {Jaguar}. Br 191, Breguet (192, 197, 199) Development of the Breguet {Br XIX}. Br 270, Breguet (271, 272, 273, 274) Observation and bomber sesquiplane. The tail was carried on a slender boom attached to the lower aft fuselage, to give the aft gunner a better field of fire. The Br 270 was built of steel and very sturdy, but performance was mediocre. Despite apparent obsolescence, it was still in service at the beginning of WWII, but soon retired. Over 150 built. Type: Br 270 Function: observation Year: 1930 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 373kW Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 17.01m Length: 9.76m Height: 3.55m Wing Area: 49.67m2 Empty Weight: 1756kg Max.Weight: 2393kg Speed: 236km/h Ceiling: 7900m Range: 1000km Armament: 120kg 3*mg7.7mm Br 330, Breguet This was a {Br 270} re-engined with a 650hp Hispano-Suiza 14 Krsd. One built. Br 410, Breguet Design for a 'multiplace de combat' for bombing, reconaissance and escort tasks. The {Amiot 140} design was selected. Br 460, Breguet Bomber design. Br 462 Vultur, Breguet See {Vultur}. Br 482, Breguet (480, 481, 483) Four-engined bomber, designed to replace the Farman 223. The original Br 480 design was twin-engined, but because the powerful radial engines needed for it were unavailable, it was converted to four engines. The Br 482, with 12Y engines, was ready in 1940; it was a clean mid-wing aircraft that looked very promising. But the war and defeat interrupted development, and the Br.482 finally made it first flight in 1942. Type: Br 482 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: Engines: 4 * 1100hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y50/51 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 12558kg Max.Weight: Speed: 524km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Br 521 Bizerte, Breguet (522) See {Bizerte}. Br 690, Breguet (691, 692, 693, 294, 695, 696, 297, 698, 696, 700) Twin-engined multi-role aircraft. The Br 690 was a well-streamlined, all-metal aircraft with twin tail fins. It was developed in bomber, attack, reconaissance and fighter versions, and promised much, but it was too late for the war in 1940, partly because of insufficient deliveries of engines and instrumentation. Models 694 and 696 to 700 remained prototypes or projects. 386 were built. Type: Br 691AB-2 Function: attack Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 700hp Hispano-Suiza A4Ab Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 479km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 1350km Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg 400kg Br 700, Breguet Two-seat fighter derivative of the {Br 690}. Mock-up only. Br 761 Provence, Breguet (763) See {Provence}. Br 765 Sahara, Breguet See {Sahara}. Br 790, Breguet (792) Project for a single-engined (790) or twin-engined (792) shipboard seaplane. Neither was built. Br 941 Integral, Breguet See {Integral}. Br 960 Vultur, Breguet See {Vultur}. Br 1050 Alize, Breguet See {Alize}. Br 1150 Atlantic, Breguet See {Atlantic}. Bre.5, Breguet Fighter development of the {BrM.4}, a pusher biplane. Later also used as night bomber. Type: Bre.5 Ca.2 Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 164kW Renault 12b Wing Span: 17.15m Length: 9.90m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 57.7m2 Empty Weight: 1350kg Max.Weight: 2150kg Speed: 133km/h Ceiling: 3700m Range: 6h 15min Armament: 1*g37mm 1*mg7.7mm Bre.6, Breguet {Bre.5} reengined with a 168kW Salmson A9 engine. Bre.12, Breguet Nighfighter development of the {Bre.5}. Breguet 1914 Reconaissance biplane. Served briefly during the first months of WWI. Type: 1914 Function: reconaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 130hp Canton-Unne Speed: 109km/h Ceiling: Range: Bretagne, Sud-Ouest SO 30 All-metal twin-engined transport aircraft. 45 were built, inocluding a few for the air force and navy. Some had Pallas auxiliary jet engines. Type: SO 30P-1 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1342kW P&W R-2800-B43 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Broussard, Max Holste MH-1521 Light STOL transport, with a high set wing, fixed landing gear, and twin tail fins. Type: Broussard Function: liaison / transport Year: 1954 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 336kW P&W R-985-AN-1 Wing Span: 13.75m Length: 8.65m Height: 3.65m Wing Area: 25.20m2 Empty Weight: 1530kg Max.Weight: 2500kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: Load: 5 seats BrM.2, Breguet-Michelin BrM.3, Breguet-Michelin BrM.4, Breguet-Michelin Biplane bomber, a pusher aircraft. BrM.5, Breguet-Michelin Originally a fighter version of the {BrM.4}. Too slow and vulnerable for daylight operations, and thus used as night bomber. Some carried 37mm cannon. See also {Bre.5}. Type: BrM.5 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Brunet 3 See {Mureaux 3}. Brunet 4 See {Mureaux 4}. BUC, Breguet Pusher biplane, powered by a 200hp Canton-Unne radial engine. See also {BLC}. Bugatti 110P This fighter design was derived from the 100P racer, which was built but never flown. The 100P itself was a sleek, very unusual aircraft, with two engines in tandem behind the cockpit, driving contra-rotating two-bladed propellers. The 110P was never built. Buscaylet-Bechereau 2 Single-seat fighter, a parasol monoplane. The aircraft had a sleek fuselage, and a well streamlined engine installation; but the wing and landing gear were braced with heavy struts. Performance was disappointing, and only one was built. Type: 2 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Salmson 18Cm Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 10.00m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 39.00m2 Empty Weight: 1350kg Max.Weight: 1758kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Buscaylet-De Monge 5/2 Single-seat, parasol monoplane fighter, of metal construction except for the wooden wing skinning. The 5/2 was too modern for the taste of the French air force, and only one was built. Type: 5/2 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 10.90m Length: 7.15m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 24.0m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1350kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm --C--------------------------------------------------------------------------- C, Spad Three-seat fighter biplane. One gunner was seated behind the pilot, the other in a small nacelle fitted in front of the propeller, as the {SA.1}. It is not clear whether it was ever built or flown. C1, De Bruyere The highly unusual C1 was a single-seat biplane fighter of canard configuration. The engine was installed in the center fuselage and drove a pusher propeller at the extreme end of the tail, aft of the tail surfaces. The fuselage was of metal shell construction, and had a certain whale-like gracefulness, but with an unusual nose-down attitude. It crashed on its first flight. Type: C1 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150hp Hispano-Suiza 8Aa Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: C1, R.E.P. Biplane fighter. The R.E.P. C1 had a typical fuselage, with a straight upper side in line with the upper wing trailing edge, and a stepped underside. Because of the position of the tail skid, this resulted in a very large angle on incidence on the ground. Prototype only. Type: C1 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 250hp Salmson CU9Za Wing Span: 8.38m Length: 6.35m Height: 2.53m Wing Area: 20.47m2 Empty Weight: 658kg Max.Weight: 968kg Speed: 217km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm C2F, Villiers Fighter. The C2F had wheeled landing gear, but a watertight float-bottomed fuselage and wingtip floats; it could drop the wheels to land on water. C.13, CAMS Licence-built version of the Italian SIAI {S.13} flying boat. C 30, Liore et Olivier This was a license-built version of the Cierva {C.30}. About 50 were in service. They had been intended as observation aircraft, but because of their vulnerability they were used mostly for liaison. C.59, Caudron Single-engined biplane, a trainer. The C.59 was built of wood, but advanced in layout; over 1800 were built, and many were exported. Type: C.59 Function: trainer Year: 1922 Crew: 2 Engines: 134kW Hispano-Suiza 8A Wing Span: 10.24m Length: 7.80m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 26m2 Empty Weight: 700kg Max.Weight: 988kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: 3h 30min Armament: C.160, Transall Medium transport, a French/German cooperation project. Germany bought 110. The Transall is smaller and shorter-ranged than the {C-130} Hercules, and has only two engines, but is very similar in other respects. Some are configured as airborne command posts, known as 'Astarte'. Type: C.160 Function: transport Year: 1968 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 4500kW R.R. Tyne RTy20 Mk 22 Speed: 536km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 4560km Load: 16000kg, 63 seats C.270 Luciole, Caudron (272) See {Luciole}. C.400, Caudron Military version of the Caudron C.282, ordered as liaison and trainer. Used in small numbers during WWII. 40 built. Type: C.400 Function: liaison / trainer Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120hp Renault 4 Pdi Speed: 186km/h Ceiling: 4250m Range: 825km Load: 3 seats C.440 Goeland, Caudron (441, 444, 445, 447, 448, 449) See {Goeland}. C.510 Pelican, Caudron See {Pelican}. C.600 Aiglon, Caudron (601) See {Aiglon}. C.630 Simoun, Caudron (630, 631, 633, 634, 635) See {Simoun}. C.690, Caudron Monoplane trainer, an elegant aircraft that had much in common with the {C.710} fighter. The C.690 was well streamlined, but had fixed landing gear. C.710 Cyclone, Caudron (710, 712, 713, 714) Light fighter, developed from the pre-war C.710 racing aircraft. The Armee de l'Air ordered 100 C.714s. Fifty were sent to Finland, but only six entered Finnish service; about 40 were delivered to the French AF, and were flown in combat by Polish pilots. The rest of the order was cancelled, because the climb speed of the C.714 was considered insufficient. 98 built. Type: C.714 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Renault 12 Ro Wing Span: 8.97m Length: 8.53m Height: 2.87m Wing Area: 12.5m2 Empty Weight: 1400kg Max.Weight: 1750kg Speed: 487km/h Ceiling: 9100m Range: 900km Armament: 4*mg7.5mm C.720, Caudron Trainer version of the {C.710}, powered by a 164kW Renault Bengali 6Q or 75kW Renault Bengali 4Pei. C.760, Caudron See {CR.760}. C.770, Caudron See {CR.770}. C.A.M.S. 31 Fighter flying boat, a small single-seat biplane with a pusher engine. Two were built. Type: 31 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 11.20m Length: 8.80m Height: 3.06m Wing Area: 33.00m2 Empty Weight: 1045kg Max.Weight: 1506kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: 400km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm C.A.M.S. 37 Shipboard observaition flying boat. Some were still in service in 1940. Type: 37.2 Function: observation Year: 1926 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine 12 Ed Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 3400m Range: 800km Armament: 2* mg7.7mm 300kg C.A.M.S. 51 Biplane flying boat, intended as bomber and reconaissance aircraft. 1927. C.A.M.S. 54 Long-range, biplane flying boat fighter. An attempt to cross the Atlantic in 1928 failed. C.A.M.S. 55 Developed from the {C.A.M.S. 51} and {C.A.M.S. 54}. Flying boat biplane, a sizeable aircraft with two engines in tandem between the wings; some were still in service in 1940, but only for training and transport. 112 built. Type: 55.10 Function: reconaissance Year: 1934 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 530hp Gnome-Rhone 9 Kbr Wing Span: 20.40m Length: 15.03m Height: 5.41m Wing Area: 113.45m2 Empty Weight: 4950kg Max.Weight: 6900kg Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: 3400m Range: 1875km Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 2*b75kg C.A.O. 200 Single-seat monoplane fighter. This all-metal fighter was bit underpowered with the 860hp engine. Development was abandoned when the competing Dewoitine {D.520} was selected for production. One built. Type: 200 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza HS12Y-31 Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 8.90m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 13.30m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: Range: 2hrs Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm C.A.O. 700 Four-engined bomber. Was never flown; testing was abandoned after the armistice. The C.A.O.700 had upper and ventral gun positions, and twin tailfins. Type: 700 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 1140hp Gnome-Rhone 14N-14 Wing Span: 81ft 7in Length: 61ft 6in Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 39860lb Speed: 540km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*7.5mm 1*20mm Caudron Type O Single-seat fighter biplane. The Caudron Type O was designed as a high-altitude fighter. Only one was built. Type: Type O Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 170hp Le Rhone Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 17.00m2 Empty Weight: 400kg Max.Weight: 650kg Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Cavalier, Dassault Series of projects for a VTOL fighter, in the early 1960s. The MD.610 was designed around the Bristol Pegasus and looked like a {Harrier}. Later designs had separate lift engines. CM.10, Fouga Large shoulder-wing transport glider. The CM.10 was of mixed construction, with fixed tricycle landing gear, and a hinged nose for easy unloading. Prototype only. CM.100, Fouga (101) Powered development of the {CM.10}. Prototype only. Type: CM.100 Function: transport Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 433kW Renault 12S Wing Span: 26.70m Length: 17.90m Height: Wing Area: 71.90m2 Empty Weight: 4540kg Max.Weight: 7300kg Speed: 245km/h Ceiling: Range: 500km Armament: CN 235, Airtech Tactical transport. Eight delivered in 1992. Coleoptere, SNECMA C.450 The Coleoptere was an experimental tail-sitting VTOL aicraft with an annular wing. The project was abandoned after the aircraft was lost. Type: C.450 Coleoptere Function: experimental Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3700kg SNECMA Atar 101E.V Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Corse II, Sud-Ouest SO.90 (92, 93, 95) Small twin-engined transport aircraft. Air France rejected the Corse, and the production aircraft were used by the Aeronavale instead. 60 built. Type: SO 95 Function: transport Year: 1947 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 440kW Renault 12S-02-201 Wing Span: 17.90m Length: 12.35m Height: 4.30m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 4024kg Max.Weight: 5605kg Speed: 350km/h Ceiling: Range: 1300km Load: 10 - 13 seats Cougar, Aerospatiale AS 332 See {Super Puma}. Aerospatiale uses this name for all military versions of the Super Puma, since 1989. CR.760, Caudron-Renault Re-engined development of the Caudron {C.710} light fighter series. Originally the CR.760 was to have a Renault engine, but this was delayed and the CR.760 was powered by an Italian Isotta-Fraschini engine, an air-cooled V-12. The Renault-powered aircraft appeared later as the {CR.770}. The prototype was destroyed in June 1940, not to let it fall in German hands. Type: CR.760 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 730hp Isotta-Fraschini Delta RC.40 Wing Span: 8.97m Length: 8.89m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 12.50m2 Empty Weight: 1548km Max.Weight: 2000kg Speed: 555km/h Ceiling: Range: 1200km Armament: 6*mg7.5mm CR.770, Caudron-Renault Version of the {CR.760}, powered by the originally intended engine, a 16-cylinder, air-cooled, inverted-vee Renault engine. It flew only once before the French defeat halted development. Type: CR.770 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 800hp Renault 626 Wing Span: 8.97m Length: 8.89m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 12.50m2 Empty Weight: 1740kg Max.Weight: 2000kg Speed: 590km/h Ceiling: Range: 1500km Armament: 6*mg7.5mm CR.780, Caudron-Renault Development of the {CR.770}, powered by a 500hp Renault engine. Never built. Criquet, Morane-Saulnier MS.500 (501, 502) French production version of the Fieseler {Fi 156} Storch. The MS.500 had the original Argus AS 410 engine, the MS.501 had a Renault engine and the MS.502 had a Salmson radial engine. C.S.L.1, Courtois-Suffit-Lescop Single-seat biplane fighter. An innovative feature of the C.S.L.1 was the provision of leading-edge slats on the lower wing. Only one was built. Type: C.S.L.1 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 140hp Clerget 9Bf Cyclone, Caudron C.710 (713,714) See {C.710}. --D--------------------------------------------------------------------------- D.1, Dewoitine Parasol wing fighter, of all-metal construction with fabric-covered wings. The original design was a shoulder-wing monoplane, but the wing was raised to improve pilot vision. 29 built for France, besides export orders for 83 and license-building of 112 by Ansaldo. Type: D.1 Function: fighter Year: 1921 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 224kW Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 11.50m Length: 7.50m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 20m2 Empty Weight: 820kg Max.Weight: 1240kg Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 400km Armament:2*mg7.7mm D.8, Dewoitine This was a high-altitude version of the {D.1}. The D.8 had a larger wing, of wooden construction, and a high-compression engine. The requirement for a high-altitude fighter was abandoned. One built. The aircraft was later modified, with yet another wing, and used to set a number of speed records. Type: D.8 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 360hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fe Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 7.50m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 780kg Max.Weight: 1100kg Speed: 245km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: D.9, Dewoitine Version of the {D.1}, powered by the nine-cylinder Jupiter radial engine instead of the liquid-cooled Hispano-Suiza. The wing was also enlarged. 11 were built in France, but it was license-built in Italy as the Ansaldo {A.C.3}. Type: D.9 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ab Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 7.30m Height: 2.93m Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 945kg Max.Weight: 1333kg Speed: 244km/h Ceiling: Range: 400km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 2*7.5mm D.12, Dewoitine The D.12 was developed in parallel with the {D.9}, differing essentially in having a liquid-cooled, 12-cylinder W-type, engine. Two built. Type: D.12 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12EW Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 7.60m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 1070kg Max.Weight: 1636kg Speed: 239km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 2*mg7.5mm D.15, Dewoitine Single-seat fighter. the D.15 was a biplane, in contrast to the other Dewoitine fighters, which were parasol monoplanes. The D.15 had a simpler and lighter construction. Construction was all-metal with fabric wing covering. However, performance was inferior to that of the {D.19} monoplane. One built. Type: D.15 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ha Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.40m Height: 3.54m Wing Area: 30.00m2 Empty Weight: 1040kg Max.Weight: 1535kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 2*mg7.5mm D.19, Dewoitine Development of the {D.1}, powered by a 450hp Hispano-Suiza engine, and with new long-span wings. Five were built: two prototypes, and three for Switzerland. The Swiss aircraft served as trainers until 1940. Type: D.19 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Hispano-Suiza 12Jb Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 7.87m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 980kg Max.Weight: 1390kg Speed: 268km/h Ceiling: Range: 400km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm D.21, Dewoitine The D.21 was essentially a reengined D.12. Twelve were built for Turkey, three for Czechoslovakia, and 18 for Argentina. 26 more were built in Czechoslovakia, and 40 more in Argentina. But the latter actually had the Lorraine-Dietrich engine of the {D.12}, although they were officially called D.21. Type: D.21 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Gb Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 7.64m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 24.80m2 Empty Weight: 1090kg Max.Weight: 1580kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 2*mg7.5mm D.25, Dewoitine This was the final development of the {D.1}. The D.25 was a two- seater, intended as day and nightfighter. Only four were ordered, by Argentina. Five built. Type: D.25 Function: fighter / reconiassance Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 7.64m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 24.80m2 Empty Weight: 1182kg Max.Weight: 1750kg Speed: 222km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.0hrs Armament: 2*7.9mm D.26, Dewoitine Single-seat, advanced trainer version of the {D.27}. One was used until 1970! Type: D.26 Function: trainer Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 186kW Wright 9Qa Wing Span: 10.30m Length: 6.72m Height: 2.78m Wing Area: 17.55m2 Empty Weight: 763kg Max.Weight: 1068kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: Range: 500km Armament: 1-2*mg7.5mm D.27, Dewoitine (271, 272, 273, 274) Parasol-wing fighter, aerodymically much more refined than earlier Dewoitine fighters. Because of the liquidation of Dewoitine, it was built by EKW in Switzerland. Later Dewoitine was recreated, and in France the D.271 -- D.274 versions were developed. The main user of the type was Switzerland, that used 66, keeping some of them in service until 1944. Total production was about 80. Type: D.27 C.1 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12 Mc Wing Span: 10.30m Length: 6.56m Height: 2.78m Wing Area: 17.55m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 312km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: D.33, Dewoitine Monoplane fighter. D.37, Dewoitine (370, 371, 372, 373, 376) Single-seat, parasol-wing fighter, powered by the Gnome-Rhone 14K Mistral radial engine. 28 were used by the French air force, 14 D.372s were delivered to Spain (having been ordered originally by Lithuania) and 44 navalized D.373s and D.376s were built for the Aeronavale. The D.376 had folding wings, the D.373 not. All versions suffered constantly from engine problems, and their service career was brief. Type: D.371 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 930hp Gnome-Rhone 14 Kfs Wing Span: 11.80m Length: 7.44m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 17.8m2 Empty Weight: 1295kg Max.Weight: 1860kg Speed: 405km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg7.5mm 2*mg7.7mm D.53, Dewoitine (530, 531, 532, 534, 536) The D.53 was a reinforced shipboard fighter development of the {D.27}. Seven were built. Most were used for engine development. Two were allegedly used by Republican Spain during the civil war. Type: D.53 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Mb Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 269km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: D.338, Dewoitine (339) Civil airliner, pressed into military service in 1939. Type: D.338 Function: transport Year: 1936 Crew: 3 Engines: 3 * 575hp Hispano-Suiza 9Vd Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 880km Load: 24 seats D.370, Dewoitine (372, 373, 376) See {D.37}. D.500, Dewoitine (501, 502, 503) Low-wing monoplane fighter with fixed landing gear, the first Dewoitine fighter to abandon the parasol wing layout. It was a clean, modern aircraft that equipped most French fighter units in 1938; a number were still in front-line service in 1939 but were retired before May 1940. The D.501 differed from the D.500 in having a engine-mounted 20mm cannon, firing through the propeller hub. 260 built. The D.503 had a smaller wing, an annular nose radiator and cantilever landing gear, but was not accepted for production. Type: D.501 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs Wing Span: 12.09m Length: 7.56m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 16.50m2 Empty Weight: 1287kg Max.Weight: 1787kg Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 10200m Range: 870km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm D.510, Dewoitine (511) The D.510 was a development of the {D.500}, with the heavier 12Y engine replacing the 12X. The D.510 was used by French fighter units until mid-1940, but was not used in combat. Small numbers were exported, the largest export order being a Chinese one for 24. The D.511, which had a smaller wing, was never flown. 121 built. Type: D.510 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs Wing Span: 12.09m Length: 7.94m Height: 2.42m Wing Area: 16.50m2 Empty Weight: 1496kg Max.Weight: 1929kg Speed: 402km/h Ceiling: Range: 700km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm D.513, Dewoitine (514) The D.513 was a low-wing monoplane fighter with retractable landing gear and a closed cockpit. It had elliptical wings, and an circular nose radiator reminescent of the D.503 version of the {D.500}. After initial trials there was a redesign, which introduced a new fuselage with a 'beard' radiator arrangment. Performance and handling remained poor. Two built. Type: D.513 (redesigned) Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza HS 12Ycrs1 Wing Span: 12.06m Length: 7.45m Height: Wing Area: 18.32m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2446kg Speed: 445km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: D.520, Dewoitine (521, 522, 523, 524, 525) This was the best French fighter of WWII. The D.520 was an advanced monoplane, but only 36 were in service in May 1940. Performance was below that of the {Spitfire} and {Bf 109}E. Handling was not very good, and spinning was prohibited, but an experienced pilot could outmanoeuvre the Bf 109. Production continued after the armistice, increasing total production to about 900. After the German occupation of Vichy-France large numbers were captured and used by Germany, Bulgaria and Rumania. Some fought during the Allied invasion of French North-Africa, in 1942. The D.521 was powered by the Rolls-Royce Merlin, but the heavier engine resulted in CG problems. The D.524 with a 1200hp 12Z engine never flew. Type: D.520 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 910hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y45 Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 8.60m Height: 2.57m Wing Area: 15.97m2 Empty Weight: 2036kg Max.Weight: 2677kg Speed: 527km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 1250km Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm D.530, Dewoitine This was a planned derivative of the {D.520} with a 1400hp Rolls- Royce or 1800hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y engine. It was never built. D.550, Dewoitine (551, 552, 553, 554) The D.550 was a racing aircraft version of the {D.520}, with an upgraded engine and shorter wings. The D.551 and D.552 were military derivatives, powered by the 12Y51 or 12Z engines, respectively. Sixteen prototypes were ordered, but because of the German occupation, these aircraft were never completed. The D.553 and D.554 were projects with supercharged 12Z engines. D.560, Dewoitine The D.560 was a more conservative fighter design, developed in parallel with the {D.500}. The D.560 retained the parasol wing configuration, but the wing was gulled. The D.560 had the same engine and essentially the same fuselage as the D.500. The gulled wing was rejected by service test pilots. It was rebuilt with a straight parasol wing, and later redesignated {D.570}. One built. Type: D.560 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 660hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs Wing Span: 12.47m Length: 8.48m Height: 3.42m Wing Area: 17.30m2 Empty Weight: 1270kg Max.Weight: 1698kg Speed: 375km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: D.570, Dewoitine This was the modified {D.560} prototype, with a straight parasol wing instead of the gulled wing of the D.560. The prototype was lost in a crash. Type: D.570 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 660hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs Wing Span: 11.58m Length: 8.53m Height: 3.42m Wing Area: 17.00m2 Empty Weight: 1284kg Max.Weight: 1709kg Speed: 338km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: D.700, Dewoitine The D.700 reconaissance-bomber and trainer was abandoned in favour of a more advanced development, the {D.720}. D.720, Dewoitine Reconaissance-bomber and trainer, a development of the {D.700}. The D.720 had more powerful engines and retractable landing gear, but its performance was still too low to attract orders. Type: D.720 Function: reconaissancd-bomber / trainer Year: 1939 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 500hp Renault 12 R Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: 8400m Range: 1530km Armament: 3*mg 200kg D.790, Dewoitine Projected shipborne version of the {D.520}, powered by a 920hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y29 engine. Never built. Dauphin, Aerospatiale SA 360 (365) Medium-size transport helicopter with 'fenestron' tail rotor. The first Dauphin was the single-engined SA 360, with a tailwheel undercarriage. Only 34 were built of this version. The SA 365 was a twin-engined version, which also was built in small numbers, 79 being completed. After a total redesign, the Dauphin became the SA 365N, with a retractabe nosewheel undercarriage, a recontoured forward fuselage, more fuel, and a lighter airframe. The SA 365N was also built for the US Coast Guard as the H{H-65} Dolphin, but with American equipment and engines -- the latter change was to be regretted by the USMC. Type: SA 365N2 Function: transport Year: 1979 Crew: Engines: 2 * 740hp Turbomeca Arriel 1C2 Rotor Span: 11.94m Length: 13.86m Height: 3.98m Disc Area: 111.97m2 Empty Weight: 2240kg Max Weight: 4250kg Speed: 285km/h Ceiling: 4300m Range: 900km Load: DD.8, Donnet-Denhaut Biplane flying boat, used for anti-submarine patrols. Over 500 built. De Marcay 2 Biplane fighter, completed early in 1919. The aircraft was fast, but was not ordered in production. One built. Type: De Marcay 2 C1 Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 9.25m Length: 6.62m Height: Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 252km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm De Marcay 4 Single-seat, shoulder-wing monoplane fighter. The De Marcay 4 was of wooden construction, with a thick angular wing but a well- streamlined fuselage. The pilot sat behind the wing, and it was rejected because of the poor forward and downward visibility that resulted. One built. Type: De Marcay 4 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.70m Height: Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 810kg Max.Weight: 1150kg Speed: 279km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Descamps 27 Biplane fighter. An unusual feature was the forward sweep of the lower wing, which was intended to offer good forward and downward view to the pilot. The Armee de l'air preferred the {Nieuport 29}, and the Descamps 27 was abandoned. Type: Descamps 27 Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 9.85m Length: 6.95m Height: 2.57m Wing Area: 23.10m2 Empty Weight: 732kg Max.Weight: 1071kg Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: Range: 2hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm DH-011, Dorand Testbed for a rotor drive with low-pressure tipjets. The engine and rotor were fitted to an open rig with a small glazed cabin. Type: DH-011 Function: experimental Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * Turbomeca Aspin 1 Speed: Ceiling: Range: 124mls Armament: Djinn, Sud-Ouest SO 1220 (1221) Simple light helicopter, built in quantity for the army and civil customers. A tubular frame was fitted with a cabin and a gas turbine compressor for 'cold' compressed-air tipjets; this eliminated the need for a tail rotor. 178 were built. Type: SO 1221 Djinn Function: utility Year: 1954 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Turbomeca Palouste IV Rotor Span: 11.00m Length: 5.30m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 360kg Max.Weight: 800kg Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: 112mls Dufaux The Dufaux was an biplane fighter of highly original concept. The propeller was placed in the fuselage center section, in such way that the front and aft fuselage were only connected by a tubular member running through the propeller axis. The engine was buried in the aft end of the forward section of the fuselage. The pilot and observer had staggered side-by-side seating in the nose. Not unexpectedly, there were problems with the structural strength and the engine cooling. Type: Dufaux Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J Wing Span: 7.96m Length: 6.10m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 530kg Max.Weight: 740kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.0hrs Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Dufaux Avion-Canon Single-seat biplane fighter. It had two rotary engines buried amidships, driving a hollow propeller shaft in the nose through gears. A 37mm cannon fired through the propeller shaft. It was flown in 1917, but was not developed further. Durandal, Sud 212 The Durandal was a small, lightweight mixed-power fighter with a delta wing. Two were built. Type: SE 212 Durandal Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3800kg SNECMA Atar 101F 1 * 750kg SEPR 75 Wing Span: 7.44m Length: 12.07m Height: Wing Area: 29.60m2 Empty Weight: 4575kg Max.Weight: 6700kg Speed: 1667km/h Ceiling: Range: --E--------------------------------------------------------------------------- E-3 Sentry, Boeing Four Boeing {E-3}F AWACS aircraft were bought by France. Ecurueil, Aerospatiale / Eurocopter AS 350 / AS 355 / AS 555. Small utility helicopter, designed as a replacement for the {Alouette}. Built in single-engined (AS 350) and twin-engined (AS 355) versions, marketed in the USA as the Astar and Super Star, respectively. Also license built in Brasil. The AS 555, also known as Fennec, is the military version of the AS 355. Type: AS 350B2 Function: utility Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 546kW Turbomeca Arriel 1D Rotor Span: 10.69m Length: 12.94m Height: 3.14m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 1153kg Max.Weight: 2250kg Speed: 246km/h Ceiling: Range: 665km Armament: Type: AS 355F2 Function: utility Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 425hp Allison 250-C20F Rotor Span: 10.69m Length: 12.94m Height: 3.15m Disc Area: Empty Weight: 1318kg Max.Weight: 2540kg Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: Range: 720km Armament: Entreprenant This was the name of the hydrogen balloon that was used at the Battle of Fleurus, 26 June 1794. It was the first balloon used in war. The French soon had two balloon companies, but Napoleon disbanded them in 1799. Epervier, Morane-Saulnier MS.1500 COIN aicraft. No production. Epsilon, Aerospatiale Piston-engined initial trainer. 172 built. Type: Epsilon Function: trainer Year: 1982 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Avco Lycoming AE 10-540-K Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 1300km Armament: 480kg Espadon, Sud-Ouest SO 6020 (6021, 6025, 6026) Experimental interceptor. The SO 6020 Espadon had slightly swept wings and a jet engine in the tail with a ventral intake. The aircraft was underpowered, and a lot of experiments followed to cure this. The SO 6025 had a rocket engine added under the fuselage and the SO 6026 had one in the tail. The SO 6021 was a serious redesign, lighter and fitted with lateral jet intakes. Later it was also flown with wingtip-mounted jet engines. No version was accepted for production. Four built. Type: SO 6021 Espadon Function: fighter Year: 1950 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2270kg R.R. Nene Wing Span: 10.60m Length: 15.00m Height: 4.72m Wing Area: 26.50m2 Empty Weight: 4750kg Max.Weight: Speed: 967km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs Armament: 6*g20mm Etendard, Dassault The Etendard-family of jet aircraft has been built in many versions, but with only moderate succes. The twin-engined Etendard II, IV and VI were developed in parallel, the II for the Armee de l'Air, the VI for a NATO strike fighter requirement, and the IV as a private venture. The twin-engined Etendard II was underpowered, and remained an one-off. The Etendard VI lost the NATO competition to the Fiat {G.91}. The Etendard IV, which was larger and more powerful than the other two versions, was developed in the Etendard IVM carrier-borne strike aircraft for the French Aeronavale. 69 of this version were built. The Etendard IVM was retired in 1991. Type: Etendard II Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1956 Crew: Engines: 2 * 940kg Turbomeca Gabizo Wing Span: 8.74m Length: 12.89m Height: 3.80m Wing Area: 24.2m2 Empty Weight: 4210kg Max.Weight: 5650kg Speed: 1054km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm Type: Etendard IVM Function: attack Year: 1962 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4400kg SNECMA Atar 8 Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 14.35m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 28.40m2 Empty Weight: 5897kg Max.Weight: 10200kg Speed: 1380km/h Ceiling: 15000m Range: 3300km Armament: 2*g30mm 1360kg Type: Etendard VI Function: fighter - attack Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2700kg Bristol Siddeley Orpheus BrO 12 Wing Span: 8.16m Length: 12.40m Height: Wing Area: 21.00m2 Empty Weight: 3720kg Max.Weight: 5860kg Speed: 1116km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: --F--------------------------------------------------------------------------- F-8 Crusader, Vought US-built supersonic carrier-borne fighter. The {F-8}Es of the 'Aeronavale' will have to stay in service until the {Rafale} M is delivered. They were recently upgraded. F8F Bearcat, Grumman These US-built {F8F} carrier fighters was delivered to the French forces fighting in (then) Indochina, in 1950. F 30, Farman Two-seat fighter, a conventional (tractor) biplane. It was abandoned because of serious center-of-gravity problems. One built. Type: F 30 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Salmson 9Za Wing Span: 11.01m Length: 7.29m Height: 2.96m Wing Area: 34.71m2 Empty Weight: 680kg Max.Weight: 1100kg Speed: 208km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm F 31, Farman Two-seat biplane fighter, a very angular aircraft powered by the American Liberty 12 engine. Development was halted by the end of WWI. Type: F 31 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty 12 Wing Span: 11.76m Length: 7.35m Height: 2.58m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 869kg Max.Weight: 1469kg Speed: 215km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.7mm F.40, Henri Farman Pusher biplane, designed and built jointly by Henri and Maurice Farman. The F.40 was based on the {HF.20}. Despite their obsolescence, they were used as night bombers until the last year of WWI. Type: F.40 Function: bomber / reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 101kW Renault Wing Span: 17.60m Length: 9.25m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 52.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 2h 20m Armament: 1-2*mg7.7mm 50kg F.50, Farman Heavy bomber biplane. A few were used before the war ended in 1918. Type: F.50 Function: bomber Year: 1918 Crew: Engines: 2 * 250hp Lorraine-Dietrich Speed: 151km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: F.60 Goliath, Farman A big, rectangular biplane. Designed as bomber, but came too late for WWI. Mostly used as passenger transport, entered service as a bomber in 1922. Type: F.60 Function: transport Year: 1919 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 260 hp Salmson C.M.9 Wing Span: 25.50m Length: 14.33m Height: 4.91m Wing Area: 161.00m2 Empty Weight: 2500kg Max.Weight: 4770kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 400km Load: 12 seats F.68, Farman Development of the {F.60}, in service with the Polish air force in 1925. F-100 Super Sabre, North American The {F-100} Super Sabre was the first supersonic jet fighter. F.150, Farman Big multi-role biplane on floats. Type: F.150 Function: reconaissance / bomber / torpedo-bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: F.220, Farman (221) A big, angular high-wing four-engined bomber; the engines were in tandem underwing nacelles. Limited production for the air force; a civil version had more succes. Type: F.221 Function: bomber Year: 1934 Crew: Engines: 4 * 860hp Gnome-Rhone 14 Speed: 325km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: F.222, Farman Development of the {F.220} with rectractable landing gear -- but this did not eliminate the drag from the massive wing-bracing struts. Despite its obsolence it made flights over Germany in 1939, and served as a transport until 1944. Type: F.222.2 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: Engines: 4 * 868kW Gnome-Rhone 14N Wing Span: 36.00m Length: 21.45m Height: 5.20m Wing Area: 186m2 Empty Weight: 10800kg Max.Weight: 18700kg Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 2200km Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 3900kg F.223, Farman See {NC 223}. F.224, Farman Development of the {F.220}. Intended as civil transport for Air France, but handed over to the air force because of low performance. F.271, Farman Angular, ugly twin-engined biplane seaplane, intended as torpedo-bomber and reconaissance aircraft. 1935. F.420, Farman Bomber design. F.2234, Farman Final development of the {F.220}. Far better streamlined and with retractable landing gear. Three were built as civil transport, but handed over to the French Navy at the outbreak of WWII; one was the first allied aircraft to bomb Berlin. Type: F.2234 Function: transport / bomber Year: 1939 Crew: Engines: 4 * 1000hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ydrs Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Falcon 10, Dassault (100) Twin-engined jet business aircraft. The Falcon serves as VIP transport and liaison aircraft. Type: Falcon 10 Function: utility Year: 1970 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1465kg Garrett TFE731-2 Wing Span: 13.08m Length: 13.86m Height: 4.61m Wing Area: 24.1m2 Empty Weight: 4880kg Max.Weight: 8500kg Speed: 912km/h Ceiling: Range: 3560km Load: 7 seats Falcon 20, Dassault (200) Twin-engined jet business aircraft. The Falcon serves as VIP transport and liaison aircraft. Some serve with the US Coast Guard as H{U-25} Guardians. Type: Falcon 20F Function: utility Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2041kg G.E. CF700-2D-2 Wing Span: 16.30m Length: 17.15m Height: 5.32m Wing Area: 41m2 Empty Weight: 7350kg Max.Weight: 13000kg Speed: 863km/h Ceiling: 12800m Range: 3300km Load: Falcon 50, Dassault Three-engined jet business aircraft. The Falcon serves as VIP transport and liaison aircraft. Type: Falcon 50 Function: utility Year: 1976 Crew: Engines: 3 * 1678kg Garrett TFE371-3-1C Wing Span: 18.86m Length: 18.50m Height: 6.97m Wing Area: 46.83m2 Empty Weight: 9150kg Max.Weight: Speed: 880km/h Ceiling: 13800m Range: 6300km Load: Falcon 900, Dassault Three-engined jet business aircraft, developed from the {Falcon 50}. The Falcon serves as VIP transport and liaison aircraft. Type: Falcon 900 Function: utility Year: Crew: Engines: 3 * 2041kg Garrett TFE731-5AR Wing Span: 19.33m Length: 20.21m Height: 7.55m Wing Area: 49m2 Empty Weight: 10240kg Max.Weight: 20640kg Speed: 927km/h Ceiling: 15550m Range: 7840km Load: 19 seats Farfadet, Sud-Ouest SO 1310 Compound helicopter. The Farfadet had a lightplane fuselage with short, low-set wings, a turboprop engine and tractor propellor in the nose, and an Arrius compressor for the rotor tipjets in the tail. Needless to say it looked rather odd. Type: SO 1310 Farfadet Function: experimental Year: 1953 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Turbomeca Marcadau 1 * Turbomeca Arrius Speed: 150mph Ceiling: Range: Load: 3 seats F.B.A. 17 (171, 172) Biplane flying boat, popular both in civil and military versions. Type: 17 HE.2 Function: trainer Year: 1923 Crew: Engines: 1 * 112kW Hispano-Suiza 8Aa Wing Span: 12.87m Length: 8.94m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 36.50m2 Empty Weight: 850kg Max.Weight: 1125kg Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 350km Armament: F.B.A. Avion-Canon Land-based development of the F.B.A. flying boat. It retained the boat-like fuselage and high-set biplane wings, but the fuselage now was aerodynamically clean and of monococque construction. It was armed with a 37mm cannon. Development was abandoned because of low performance. Type: F.B.A. Avion-Canon Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150hp Hispano-Suiza 8A Wing Span: 14.50m Length: 10.13m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 41.00m2 Empty Weight: 761kg Max.Weight: 1166kg Speed: 133km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.0hrs Armament: 1*g37mm F.B.A.C. Biplane flying boat, probably the most used reconaissance seaplane of WWI. Also license-built in Italy. Type: F.B.A.C. Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fennec French version of the North American T-28 with a 1400hp Wright engine. Fennec, Aerospatiale AS 555 Military designation of the {Ecurueil}. F.K.58, Koolhoven This was a Dutch fighter, designed and hastily built for France in the beginning of WWII. The F.K.58 was built of wood and steel tubing and of conventional appearance. The supply of engines and instruments from France was deficient; for delivery to France instruments were fitted, that were removed afterwards and brought back to the Netherlands! Only 13 became operational. Type: F.K.58 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1036hp Gnome-Rhone 14N-39 Speed: 475km/h Ceiling: Range: 750km Armament: 4*mg7.5mm Flamant, Dassault MD 311 (312, 315) Small twin-engined transport, training and liaison aircraft. A clean mid-wing aircraft with twin tailfins. 318 built. Type: MD 315 Function: liaison Year: 1947 Crew: Engines: 2 * 433kW Renault-SNECMA 12S O2-201 Wing Span: 20.70m Length: 12.50m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 47.2m2 Empty Weight: 4250kg Max.Weight: 5800kg Speed: 380km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 1215km Armament: Fleuret, Morane-Saulnier MS.775 Jet trainer with two Turbomeca Marbore engines. A conventional low-wing monoplane with a T-tail and side-by-side seating. Fouga 90, Aerospatiale Refined development of the Fouga {Magister}. It had ejection seats, a stepped cockpit, and new systems. It did not enter production. 1978. Fregate, Aerospatiale N 262 Twin-engined, high-wing light transport. Mainly used as trainer. 110 built. Type: N.262 Function: transport / trainer Year: 1970 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 2 * 845kW Turbomeca Bastan VII Speed: 418km/h Ceiling: 8690m Range: 1450km Load: 3075kg, 29 seats Frelon, SNCASE SE-3200 This medium-size helicopter was designed as a multi-role type for the Army and Navy. It was generally unsatisfactory, overweight and unreliable. However, the design team did acquire useful experience, which was reflected by the design of the {Super Frelon}. Two built. Type: Frelon Function: utility Year: 1959 Crew: Engines: 3 * 750hp Turbomeca Turmo Rotor Span: 8.20m Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fulgur, Breguet Br 470 Twin-engined commercial transport. The unique prototype was sold to the Spanish Republican government and used as liaison aircraft during the civil war. One built. Type: Br 470 Function: transport Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 804hp Gnome-Rhone 14Kirs Speed: 385km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1000km Load: 12 seats --G--------------------------------------------------------------------------- G, Morane-Saulnier Several very different aircraft were known as type G. One was a monoplane fighter similar to the type N, powered by a 80hp Le Rhone engine. G.III, Caudron Reconaissance biplane. The G.III had a tractor engine and a crew of two in a short nacelle between the wings. Over 1500 built. Type: G.III Function: reconaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 60kW Le Rhone Wing Span: 13.40m Length: 6.40m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 27m2 Empty Weight: 420kg Max.Weight: 710kg Speed: 108km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 4h G.IV, Caudron Twin-engined biplane bomber. The G.IV had the complex tail boom structure and short nacelle of a pusher aircraft, but had twin tractor engines. It was very vulnerable and soon used only for reconaissance. Over 1350 built. Type: G.IV Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 60kW Le Rhone 9C Wing Span: 17.20m Length: 7.20m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 36.8m2 Empty Weight: 500kg Max.Weight: 1330kg Speed: 132km/h Ceiling: 4300m Range: 3h 30min Armament: 1-2*mg7.7mm 100kg G.VI, Caudron The Caudron G.VI was developed from the {G.IV}, but had a conventional fuselage instead of the short nacelle and tail struts of the G.IV. Gardian, Dassault-Breguet This is a military version of the {Falcon}/Mystere 20 business jet, for maritime surveillance in the Pacific. Type: Gardian Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 2486kg Garrett ATF3-6-2C Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Gazelle, Aerospatiale SA 340 (341, 342) A small utility helicopter, notable for introducing the enclosed 'fenestron' tail rotor. It is used for observation, liaison and training, and was also built in an anti-tank version. Over 1250 have been built, also by Westland in Britain and by Soko in Yugoslavia. Type: SA 342M Function: utility Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 604kW Turbomeca Astazou XIVM Rotor Span: 10.50m Length: 11.97m Height: 3.19m Disc Area: 86.59m2 Empty Weight: 991kg Max.Weight: 1900kg Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 4100m Range: 710km Load: 4 seats Gemaux, Fouga C.M.88-R Two {Cyclope} fuselages with their outer wings and V-tails were joined by a new central wing panel to create the Gemaux. Two small jet engines were fitted on top of the fuselages, just behind the cockpits. It was intended as engine testbed. The Gemeaux was the first aircraft to fly with turbofan engines. Type: Gemaux Function: experimental Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Gerfaut, Nord 1402 (1405) Small delta-winged jet aircraft. The Gerfaut was the first European jet aircraft that was supersonic in horizontal flight, in 1954. It never entered service. Type: Gerfaut IA Function: experimental Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4400kg SNECMA Atar 101G Speed: Ceiling: Range: Gerfaut, Eurocopter It is expected that this will be the name of the HAP escort and support version of the {Tiger}, when this enters service. GL-1, Gourdou-Leseurre Parasol wing fighter, an aircraft of mixed construction with clean lines. The GL-1 had a high speed for despite being low-powered, but was overweight and had a weak wing construction. It was redesigned, and then became the {GL-2}. One built. Type: GL-1 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 6.60m Height: 2.30m Wing Area: 16.65m2 Empty Weight: 600kg Max.Weight: 786kg Speed: 242km/h Ceiling: Range: 1.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm GL-2, Gourdou-Leseurre Development of the {GL-1} with a new wing and revised tail surfaces. Twenty were ordered, but aftyer the end of WWI the interest in the GL-2 disappeared. Type: GL-2 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab Wing Span: 9.40m Length: 6.43m Height: Wing Area: 18.80m2 Empty Weight: 570kg Max.Weight: 850kg Speed: 245km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm GL-21, Gourdou-Leseurre The GL-21 was a development of the {GL-2}, with changes mainly to ailerons and tail surfaces. Finland acquired 20, which were used until 1931. Thirty built. Type: GL-21 Function: fighter Year: 1920 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab Wing Span: 9.40m Length: 6.43m Height: Wing Area: 18.80m2 Empty Weight: 660kg Max.Weight: 960kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: Range: 450km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm GL-22, Gourdou-Leseurre The GL-22 was developed from the {GL-2} in parallel with the {GL-21}. It had a new wing profile. It was built in an armed fighter version and an unarmed trainer version. The French Navy ordered 30 trainers; 20 fighters were exported to Estonia, Latvia and Czechoslovakia. Type: GL-22 Function: fighter Year: 1920 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab Wing Span: 9.40m Length: 6.43m Height: Wing Area: 18.80m2 Empty Weight: 590kg Max.Weight: 880kg Speed: 247km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm GL-23, Gourdou-Leseurre Development of the {GL-22} with a longer-span wing. Nine built. Type: GL-23 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 6.50m Height: 2.37m Wing Area: 23.40m2 Empty Weight: 660kg Max.Weight: 960kg Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: GL-31, Gourdou-Leseurre Parasol monoplane fighter, an entirely new design, but still of mixed construction. Development was abandoned in favour of the {GL-32}. One built Type: GL-31 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone 9A Jupiter Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 7.20m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 21.00m2 Empty Weight: 875kg Max.Weight: 1350kg Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm GL-32, Gourdou-Leseurre See {LGL-32}. GL-33, Gourdou-Leseurre See {LGL-33}. GL-34, Gourdou-Leseurre See {LGL-34}. GL-35, Gourdou-Leseurre (351, 354) See {LGL-35}. GL-40, Gourdou-Leseurre Parasol wing, single-seat fighter for high altitudes. Only one built. Type: GL-40 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 14.50m Length: 9.51m Height: 2.92m Wing Area: 35.00m2 Empty Weight: 1085kg Max.Weight: 1510kg Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: GL-50, Gourdou-Leseurre Two-seat, multi-role fighter. The GL-50 was a parasol wing aircraft, designed as night fighter and escort fighter. Two built. Type: GL-50 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 14.60m Length: 9.35m Height: 2.85m Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm GL-51, Gourdou-Leseurre Reengined {GL-50}. 380hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ab Jupiter. GL-130, Gourdou-Leseurre Project for a twin-engined shipboard seaplane. The {NC 420} was preferred. Not built. GL-410, Gourdou-Leseurre See {GL-450}. GL-450, Gourdou-Leseurre Parasol-wing fighter. The GL-410 and GL-450 were developed in parallel. Both aircraft were very similar, but the GL-410 had a revised wing and was powered by a supercharged Gnome-Rhone 9Asb Jupiter, while the GL-450 had an unsupercharged version of the same engine and the wing of the {LGL-32}. Two GL-410s and one GL-450 were built. Type: GL-450 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 480hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ae Jupiter Wing Span: 12.20m Length: 7.55m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 24.90m2 Empty Weight: 970kg Max.Weight: Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: GL-482, Gourdou-Leseurre The last of the Gourdou-Leseurre fighters. The {GL-482} diverted from the parasol-wing configuration; it had a gull wing. Performance was lower than expected. Prototype only. Type: GL-482 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs Wing Span: 9.86m Length: 7.28m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 17.75m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm GL-633, Gourdou-Leseurre Dive-bomber development of the {LGL-32}. GL-810, Gourdou-Leseurre (811, 812, 813) Shipboard floatplane, a low-wing floatplane that still performed a number of secondary roles during WWII. 93 built. Type: GL-810 Hy Function: observation Year: 1930 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ady Jupiter Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 150kg Type: GL-812 HY Function: observation Year: 1933 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 313kW Gnome-Rhone 9Ady Wing Span: 16.00m Length: 10.49m Height: 3.86m Wing Area: 41m2 Empty Weight: 1690kg Max.Weight: 2460kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 560km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 2*b75kg GL-831, Gourdou-Leseurre (832) Smaller version of the {GL-810} series, intended for smaller ships. 23 built. Type: GL-832 Hy Function: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 230hp Hispano-Suiza 9Qb Speed: 184km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 560km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm GL-840, Gourdou-Leseurre Proposed development of the {GL-831} for submarines. Goeland, Caudron C.440 (441, 444, 445, 447, 448, 449) Transport aicraft of civil origin. The Goeland was a small twin-engined, low-wing monoplane. First flown in 1934; production continued in occupied France and after the war. 1702 were built. Type: C-445M Function: transport Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 164kW Renault 6Q-00/01 Bengali 6 Wing Span: 17.59m Length: 13.68m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 42m2 Empty Weight: 2292kg Max.Weight: 3500kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1000km Load: 6 seats Griffon, Nord 1500 High-speed research aircraft. The Griffon was a canarded delta, built around its engine. This was a combination of turbojet engine and a ramjet; the Atar jet was fitted inside a 1.37m diameter ramjet duct. The speed of the Griffon was limited by the heating of the airframe. Type: Griffon II Function: experimental Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3500kg SNECMA Atar 101E3 Speed: 2316km/h Ceiling: Range: Grognard, Sud-Est SE 2410 (2415, 2421) A big ground-attack fighter with swept wings. The jet intake was on the upper fuselage, ahead of the wing root and behind the heavily framed cockpit. An all-wheater fighter version was abandoned. Two built. Type: SE 2410 Grognard Function: attack Year: 1950 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 2200kg R.R. Nene 101 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Guerrier, Socata Armed version of the Rallye. Type: R 235 Function: trainer / attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 175kW Textron Lycoing O-540-B4B5 Speed: 275km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 1090km Armament: 4*7.62mm --H--------------------------------------------------------------------------- H.5, Marcel Besson Large quadruplane flying boat, tested by the Aeronavale in 1923. H.16, Hanriot Parasol-wing monoplane. Used as trainer (15 ordered) and observation aircraft (29 ordered). Type: H.16 Function: trainer Year: (1930s) Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 89kW Renault 4Pdi Wing Span: 11.90m Length: 8.22m Height: 2.62m Wing Area: 22m2 Empty Weight: 547kg Max.Weight: 886kg Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: 4200m Range: 375km Armament: H-19, Hanriot Biplane trainer. 180hp Hispano-Suiza engine. H-21, Piasecki US-built tandem-rotor transport helicopter. In service with the army. H.26, Hanriot Single-seat biplane fighter. The fuselage --- which had a relatively large cross-section, because of the liquid-cooled radial engine --- filled the gap between the wings completely. Apart from the blunt nose contours the all-metal H.26 was well streamlined. Handling was poor, the pilot had a poor view, and the engine overheated. One built. Type: H.26 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 260hp Salmson 9Z Wing Span: 9.05m Length: 7.35m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 18.00m2 Empty Weight: 820kg Max.Weight: 1150kg Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 750km Armament: H.31, Hanriot Single-seat biplane fighter. The H.31 was an all-metal aircraft with a close-cowled radial engine. There were a lot of participants for the 1923 C1 fighter competition of the French air force, and all offered aircraft had a better performance than the H.31... One built. Type: H.31 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Salmson 18Cm Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.58m Height: 3.62m Wing Area: 34.00m2 Empty Weight: 1287kg Max.Weight: 1789kg Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm H.33, Hanriot Two-seat fighter biplane. The development of the H.33 was protracted; when in finally entered flight test, it was already obsolete, and rapidly abandoned. One built. Type: H.33 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 500hp Salmson 18Ab Wing Span: 12.58m Length: 7.56m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 38.50m2 Empty Weight: 1122kg Max.Weight: Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 580km Armament: 6*mg H.43, Hanriot (431, 436, 439) Biplane trainer and observation aircraft, reliable but not exciting. Type: H.431 Function: trainer Year: 1927 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 172kW Lorraine 7Mc Wing Span: 11.40m Length: 7.98m Height: 3.16m Wing Area: 30.24m2 Empty Weight: 980kg Max.Weight: 1370kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 4900m Range: 450km H.52, Bernard Single-seat floatplane fighter, which used the tail and wings of the {Bernard 260}. Two built. Type: H.52 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Gnome-Rhone 9Kdrs Wing Span: 11.50m Length: 9.30m Height: 4.27m Wing Area: 18.2m2 Empty Weight: 1480kg Max.Weight: 1888kg Speed: 285km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.5mm H.110, Hanriot The H.110 was a highly unsual single-seat fighter. It was of twin tail-boom configuration, with a liquid-cooled pusher engine. The annular radiator was fitted in the extreme nose. The H.110 was large and heavy, and performance was disappointing. Prototype only. Type: H.110 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs Wing Span: 13.50m Length: 7.96m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: 1260kg Max.Weight: Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.5mm H.110, Bernard / Screck Single-seat floatplane fighter, resembling closely the {H.52} but a new design. The H.110 had an all-metal structure, twin floats, and an open cockpit. The requirement was filled by the competing Loire 210. One built. Type: H.110 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 710hp Hispano-Suiza 9Vbs Wing Span: 11.60m Length: 9.30m Height: Wing Area: 19.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1900kg Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: H.115, Hanriot Modified Hanriot {H.110}. The H.115 had an uprated engine in a modified fuselage section, and a 33mm cannon under the fuselage. Prototype only. Type: H.115 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs Wing Span: 13.50m Length: 7.60m Height: 2.69m Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: 1428kg Max.Weight: Speed: 390km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g33mm H.220, Hanriot Twin-engined monoplane fighter. The H.220 was of all-metal, monocoque construction. The original Renault in-line, air-cooled engines were replaced by more powerful Gnome-Rhone radials before the first flight. There were problems with handling and with the construction, and the type was completely redesigned, becoming the H.220-2. The H.220-2 abandoned the monocoque construction, introduced twin tailfins, and had cleaner engine nacelles. Before entering production, the type was again redesigned, and was renamed NC.600 (See there). One built. Type: H.220 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 680hp Gnome-Rhone 14M Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 7.87m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 21.16m2 Empty Weight: 2673kg Max.Weight: Speed: 520km/h Ceiling: Range: 850km Armament: (2*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm) H.230, Hanriot (231, 232) Twin-engined trainer, a sleek aircraft with twin tail fins and air-cooled inline engines. Few were built. Three were sent to Finland. Type: H.232/2 Function: trainer Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 164kW Renault 6Q-o Wing Span: 12.76m Length: 8.55m Height: 3.47m Wing Area: 21.20m2 Empty Weight: 1728kg Max.Weight: 2260kg Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 1200km H-246, Liore-et-Olivier Four-engined flying boat. The H-246 was designed as a civil passenger transport, but pressed into service by the Aeronavale in 1939. Later they were used by the Luftwaffe, that loaned three of them to Finland for a brief period. Seven built. Type: H-246.1 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: H.436, Hanriot See {H.43}. Type: H.436 Function: trainer Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 230hp Salmson 9Ab Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 4100m Range: 450km Armament: 0-1*mg7.7mm Hawk 75, Curtiss Export version of the Curtiss {P-36} radial-engined monoplane fighter. The Hawk 75 was very expensive and deliveries were slow, but the need for aircraft was such that the Hawk 75 was ordered anyway. 98 were in service in May 1940. HC, Galvin This remarkable fighter aircraft was powered by a pusher engine, installed in the forward fuselage. The aft fuselage was separated from the fron fuselage by the propeller, and connected only by some struts and member through the propeller axis. It was a float biplane, with a large central float and small outrigger floats. It remained an experiment. Type: HC Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Gnome Wing Span: 8.00m Length: 7.20m Height: 2.30m Wing Area: 18.59m2 Empty Weight: 520kg Max.Weight: 800kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.0hrs Armament: (3*mg) HD.1, Hanriot Biplane fighter, a small, agile aircraft of mixed construction. France preferred the Spad {S.VII} but the HD-1 was built for Belgium and Italy. In Italy Macchi also built 901. Total production was 1145. Type: HD-1 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 89kW Le Rhone 9Jb Wing Span: 8.70m Length: 5.85m Height: 2.94m Wing Area: 18.20m2 Empty Weight: 400kg Max.Weight: 605kg Speed: 184km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 2hr 30min Armament: 1*mg7.7mm HD.2, Hanriot Floatplane fighter, based on the {HD.1}. Ten were ordered by the US Navy, that converted them to landplanes. Type: HD.2 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 97kW Clerget 9B Wing Span: 8.51m Length: 7.00m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 18.40m2 Empty Weight: 495kg Max.Weight: 700kg Speed: 182km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 300km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm HD.3, Hanriot Two-seat fighter biplane. The HD.3 looked less stocky than the {HD.1} and {HD.2}; its powerful Salmson radial engine was well faired into the fuselage. Orders for 300 were reduced to 75 at the end of WWI. Type: HD.3 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 194kW Salmson 9Za Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 6.95m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 25.50m2 Empty Weight: 760kg Max.Weight: 1180kg Speed: 192km/h Ceiling: 5700m Range: 2hrs Armament: 4*mg7.7mm HD.4, Hanriot Floatplane development of the {HD.3}. No production. HD.5, Hanriot Two-seat fighter, designed around the liquid-cooled Hispano-Suiza engine. The HD.5 was a biplane with a small wing gap, so that portions were cut out of the upper wing to accomodate the heads of the pilot and gunner. Only one built. Type: HD.5 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 10.63m Length: 7.34m Height: 2.54m Wing Area: 30.40m2 Empty Weight: 800kg Max.Weight: 1250kg Speed: 213km/h Ceiling: Range: 490km Armament: 3-4*mg7.7mm HD.6, Hanriot The HD.6 was developed in parallel with the {HD.5}, but it was designed for the 530hp, two-row, water-cooled Salmson radial. This resulted in a larger fuselage cross-section. The performance was not significantly better than that of the {HD.3}, and the pilot had a poor view. Prototype only. Type: HD.6 Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 530hp Salmson 18Z Wing Span: 13.60m Length: 8.85m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 47.50m2 Empty Weight: 810kg Max.Weight: 1250kg Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: 5*mg7.7mm HD.7, Hanriot Single-seat biplane fighter. The HD.7 used the wings of the {HD.3}, with a new fuselage. Performance was good, but marginally inferior to that of the competing {Nieuport 29}. Prototype only. Type: HD.7 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 7.20m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 28.00m2 Empty Weight: 1230kg Max.Weight: 1900kg Speed: 218km/h Ceiling: Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm HD.8, Hanriot Single-seat biplane fighter. The experimental Le Rhone 9R engine was highly troublesome, and the HD.8 was abandoned. One built. Type: HD.8 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Le Rhone 9R Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 6.15m Height: Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 480kg Max.Weight: 690kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: 2hrs Armament: HD.9, Hanriot Single-seat reconaissance-fighter biplane, powered by a Salmson liquid-cooled radial engine. It was developed from the two-seat {HD.3}, but had much larger fuel capacity. One built. The end of the war halted further production. Type: HD.9 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 260hp Salmson 9Z Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 6.95m Height: Wing Area: 25.50m2 Empty Weight: 710kg Max.Weight: Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm HD.12, Hanriot Single-seat biplane fighter. The HD.12 owed more to the {HD.1} than to Hanriot's later fighters. It was regarded as conceptually obsolescent, and its performance was not good. Prototype only. Type: HD.12 Function: fighter Year: 1921 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 170hp Le Rhone 9R Wing Span: 8.70m Length: 5.94m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 19.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm HD.15, Hanriot Two-seat biplane fighter, developed for a turbosupercharged Hispano-Suiza engine. This was a bulky installation, and the fuselage was rather corpulent. The Rateau supercharger had not yet a sufficiently advanced stage of development, and the aircraft was abandoned. Japan bought the prototype, and order four more. Type: HD.15 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS 8Fb Wing Span: 11.40m Length: 7.60m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 32.48m2 Empty Weight: 1050kg Max.Weight: 1750kg Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 10250m Range: 800km Armament: 4*mg7.7mm HD.20, Hanriot Single-seat biplane fighter, designed as a shipboard fighter for the French Navy. This all-metal biplane demonstrated a good performance, but development was abandoned. One built. Type: HD.20 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 12.50m Length: 8.10m Height: Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1360kg Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm HD.26, Hanriot See {H.26}. HD.27, Hanriot Lightweight biplane fighter, designed for shipboard operations. The HD.27 had STOL characteristics, but there was no demand for the aircraft. Its wing area was reduced by 5.00m2 and it was used as a trainer and liaison aircraft. One built. Type: HD.27 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ac Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 6.15m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 554kg Max.Weight: 764kg Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 300km Armament: HD.780, Dewoitine Floatplane version of the {D.520}. One built, but never flown. He 274, Heinkel The prototype of this German high-altitude bomber was built in the Farman factories in France. It was completed after the end of WWII, and flew in the French air force until 1953. It served as carrier aircraft for the {SO M.1}. HF.20, Henri Farman Pusher biplane, an obsolete aircraft that nevertheless saw widespread service. Type: HF.20 Function: reconaissance Year: 1914 Crew: Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: --I--------------------------------------------------------------------------- I, Morane-Saulnier Higher powered Development of the Morane-Saulnier {N}. The I was fast, but difficult to fly. Like the N it had a fixed gun and bullet deflectors on the propellor. The I had been ordered by the British RFC, that bought only four. It was superseded by the type {V}. Type: I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 8.24m Length: 5.81m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 11.00m2 Empty Weight: 334kg Max.Weight: 510kg Speed: 168km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 1h 20m Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Integral, Breguet Br 941 Four-engined STOL transport. Five built, one prototype and four production aircraft. Type: Br 941S Function: transport Year: 1967 Crew: Engines: 1 * 1120kW Turbomeca Turmo IIID3 Wing Span: 23.40m Length: 23.75m Height: 9.65m Wing Area: 83.80m2 Empty Weight: 13460kg Max.Weight: 26500kg Speed: 450km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: Armament: --J--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jaguar, Sepecat French/British low-altitude ground attack aircraft. The French and British air forces each bought around 200; the Jaguar also did well on the export market. The Jaguar is a relative small aircraft with a tiny shoulder-wing, giving a smooth 'ride' at low altitude. The British versions are the S attack aircraft (Jaguar GR.1) and the B two-seat trainer (Jaguar T.2). The Jaguar A is the French attack version, and the E the French two-seat trainer. The Jaguar M shipboard attack aircraft was cancelled. The Jaguar International is the export version; it is being license- built in India. Type: Jaguar GR.1 Function: attack Year: 1973 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 35.7kN R.R.-Turbomeca Adour Mk.104 Wing Span: 8.69m Length: 16.83m Height: 4.89m Wing Area: 14.18m2 Empty Weight: 7000kg Max.Weight: 15700kg Speed: M1.6 Ceiling: 14020m Range: 4210km Armament: 2*g30mm 4765kg Type: Jaguar International Function: attack Year: 1978 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 3647kg R.R.-Turbomeca Adour Mk.804 Wing Span: 8.69m Length: 16.83m Height: 4.89m Wing Area: 24.18m2 Empty Weight: 7000kg Max.Weight: 15700kg Speed: 1699km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm 4763kg Ju 88, Junkers Late in 1944 a number of captured {Ju 88} bombers were made operational in Toulouse. They equipped a bomber unit, which made some attacks on German garrisons in the French Atlantic ports. They stayed in service until 1947, despite growing maintenance and reliability problems. --K--------------------------------------------------------------------------- KC-135, Boeing Tanker aircraft of US origin. 11 bought, plus a few on lease from theUSAF. --L--------------------------------------------------------------------------- L, Morane Saulnier Parasol monoplane. The Morane-Saulnier L of Roland Garros was the first tractor aircraft ever fitted with a fixed, forward-firing machine gun, with bullet deflectors on the propellor blades. But most were only fitted with a gun in the second cockpit, for the observer. Over 600 were built. Type: L Function: reconaissance Year: 1913 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Wing Span: 11.20m Length: 6.88m Height: 3.93m Wing Area: 18.30m2 Empty Weight: 385kg Max.Weight: 655kg Speed: 115km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 450km Armament: 1*mg8mm L-7, Universal (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1) All 19 ordered were lend-leased to the Free French. They were Universal Monocoupe 90AF cabin monoplanes, and at least some were delivered in their normal civilian colors. Type: L-7A Function: liaison / observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75kW Franklin O-200-1 Speed: 193km/h Ceiling: 4570m Range: 930km Freight: L-19 Birddog, Cessna The {L-19} is an US-built high-wing liaison and observation aircraft. LA, Morane-Saulnier Improved {L}, with ailerons instead of wing warping. Lama, Aerospatiale SA 315 A derivative of the {Alouette II} with a more powerful engine, developed for the Indian military forces. It set the altitude record for helicopters at 12442m, and once made a landing and take-off at 7500m. Type: SA 315b Lama Function: utility Year: 1969 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 410kW Turbomeca Artouste IIIB Speed: 192km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 515km Armament: Lancaster, Avro The Armee de l'Air acquired a number of these British bombers. The {Lancaster}s of the Aeronavale were the last ones in operational service. Languedoc, Sud SO 161 Four-engined transport aircraft. Late 5, Latecoere Four-seat bomber biplane. No production. 1924. Late 6, Latecoere Escort fighter. No production. 1924. Late 19, Latecoere Night bomber with a crew of two, developed from the Late 15 airliner. The Late 19 was a rather ugly parasol monoplane. Two built. 1926. Late 20, Latecoere Ambulance version of the {Late 19}. One built. Late 290, Latecoere Torpedo-bomber, a shoulder-wing seaplane, development of the Late 28 mailplane. Some were still in service in 1940. About 35 built. Type: Late 290 Function: torpedo-bomber Year: 1931 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 650hp Hispano-Suiza 12Nbr Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 4100m Range: 700km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 300kg Late 298, Latecoere (299) Torpedo-bomber and reconnaissance seaplane. A clean monoplane with twin floats, that was in service until 1946. The 299 was a shipboard version with wheeled undercarriage. Over 130 built. Type: Late 298D Function: torpedo bomber / reconaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 880hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs-1 Wing Span: 15.50m Length: 12.56m Height: 5.25m Wing Area: 31.60m2 Empty Weight: 3070kg Max.Weight: 4600kg Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 2200km Armament: 3*mg7.5mm Late 300, Latecoere (301, 302) The Late 302 was the military version of a long-range civil flying boat. Seven built, of which three 302s. It was a large, rather ugly parasol-wing flying boat. Type: Late 302 Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 8 Engines: 4 * 930hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ydrs2 Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 3300km Armament: 5-7*mg7.5mm 300kg Late 521, Latecoere (522, 523) Rather ugly flying boat. The single Late 521 'Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris' was intended for a transatlantic passenger service. Plans were hampered by diplomatic and financial problems; the Late 521 was sunk in 1936 and rebuilt in 1937. The transatlantic service was then halted by WWII, and the aircraft was used by the French Navy. The 523 was designed for the military role, and abandoned the stepped nose of the 521 and 522. Five built. Type: Late 521 Function: transport Year: 1937 Crew: 8 Engines: 4 * 650hp Hispano SUiza 12Nbr Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 4100km Load: 70 seats Late 611, Latecoere (612) Long-range patrol flying boat. One built, that was in service until 1947. Type: Late 611 Function: reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: Engines: 4 * 1010hp Gnome-Rhone 14N 30/31 Speed: 350km/h Ceiling: Range: 4250km Armament: 10*mg7.5mm 800kg LB, Besson Triplane flying boat, designed for maritime reconaissance. There was a single-seat fighter version, a three-seat long-range patrol and a coastal patrol version, also a three-seater. In the short- distance patrol version the lowest wing had a shorter span than the upper two; in the long-range version the middle wing was longer than both other wings. Only the coastal patrol version was built in series; twelve were delivered. Type: LB Function: coastal patrol Year: 1919 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 224kW Renault 12Fe Wing Span: 13m Length: 9m Height: 3.2m Wing Area: 47m2 Empty Weight: 840kg Max.Weight: 1570kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: 500km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 2*b50kg LB 2, Levy-Biche / Levasseur Sesquiplane shipboard fighter. For emergency ditching, the LB 2 was fitted with a watertight boat-shaped fuselage; the lower wing was in the mid-fuselage position. The undercarriage was jettisonable. 20 were built by Levasseur for the French Navy, and saw limited service. Type: LB 2 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 330hp Hispano-Suiza 8Se Wing Span: 10.40m Length: 7.52m Height: 3.49m Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: 920kg Max.Weight: 1350kg Speed: 219km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm LB 6, Levy-Biche Biplane fighter, designed for shipboard operations. The LB 6 had a conventional fuselage, and a swept upper wing. It was powered by a 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter radial. Five built, most fitted with a float undercarriage. LE, Breguet Monoplane fighter, a very clean aircraft. Fixed landing gear, open cockpit, strut-braced wings; but nevertheless a very advanced design for 1918! However, the prototype was lost in a fatal crash during the second flight. Type: LE Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab Wing Span: 9.78m Length: 6.35m Height: 2.00m Wing Area: 20.0m2 Empty Weight: 495kg Max.Weight: 700kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Leduc 0.10 Ramjet-powered research aircraft. An unusual charcteristic of the Leduc designs was that the pilot was seated in the shock cone in front of the engine inlet; in the 0.10 the pilot was actually seated inside the engine inlet! The 0.10 was carried to altitude on the back of a {Languedoc} transport, and then released. Type: Leduc 0.10 Function: experimental Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Leduc 0.16 Development of the {Leduc 0.10}. The 0.16 had wingtip-mounted jet engines for normal take-off. It was not entirely succesful. The wingtip engines were later removed. Leduc 0.21 A further development of the series, larger than the {Leduc 0.10} and {Leduc 0.16}. The 0.21 still had to be air-launched. Two built. Type: 0.21 Function: experimental Year: 1953 Crew: 1 Engines: 6500kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Leduc 0.22 Mach 2 interceptor development of the {Leduc 0.21}. The 0.22 had an auxiliary Atar D.3 jet engine for normal take-off. The project was cancelled following cutbacks in military spending. Two built. 1956. LeO 3, Liore et Olivier Project for a monoplane fighter. 1917. Developed into the {LeO 9}. LeO 5, Liore et Olivier Armoured army-cooperation biplane. Type: LeO 5 Function: attack Year: 1919 Crew: Engines: 2 * 170hp Le Rhone 9R Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: LeO 8, Liore et Olivier Two-seat parasol monoplane, designed as nightfighter and reconaissance aircraft. Only one built. Type: LeO 8 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Renault Wing Span: 15.50m Length: 8.70m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 32.00m2 Empty Weight: 1274kg Max.Weight: 1877kg Speed: 215km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm LeO 9, Liore et Olivier Low-wing monoplane fighter. The LeO 9 was a cantilever monoplane, a very advanced concept for its day. However, the wing failed in flight during testing, and development was halted. One built. Type: LeO 9 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 10.94m Length: 6.59m Height: 2.18m Wing Area: 17.20m2 Empty Weight: 1175kg Max.Weight: Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: Armament: LeO 20, Liore et Olivier See {Leo 203}. LeO 25, Liore et Olivier See {LeO 203}. LeO 45, Liore et Olivier Prototype of the {LeO 450} series. LeO 48, Liore et Olivier This was a aerodynamic demonstrator for the {LeO 50}, that was later built as the {SE.100}. The LeO 48 had unusual control surfaces, unusual controls and an unusual construction. It looked similar to the SE.100, but was built mainly of wood. Only one was built. It was damaged on its third flight, and never repaired. Type: LeO 48 Function: experimental Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 145hp Regnier 4Go Wing Span: 11.30m Length: 8.78m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 3 seats LeO 50, Liore et Olivier This design was built as the Sud-Est {SE.100}. LeO 122, Liore et Olivier See {LeO 203}. LeO 203, Liore et Olivier (20, 25, 122, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208) Twin-engined heavy biplane bomber. The LeO 203 and 206 had four engines in push/pull tandem nacelles. These were very ugly, but reliable aircraft. The 25 that were still in service in 1940 served in North Africa. Type: LeO 20 Function: bomber Year: 1926 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 313kW Gnome-Rhone 9Ady Wing Span: 22.25m Length: 13.81m Height: 4.26m Wing Area: 105m2 Empty Weight: 2725kg Max.Weight: 5460kg Speed: 198km/h Ceiling: 5760m Range: 1000km Armament: 5*mg7.7mm 1000kg Type: LeO 206 Function: bomber Year: 1933 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 4 * 350hp Gnome-Rhone 7Kds Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: 7600m Range: 2000km Armament: 5*mg7.7mm 1000kg LeO 256, Liore et Olivier (257) Twin-engined seaplane torpedo-bombers. Angular biplanes, built of metal tubes and fabric. They were already obsolete when they were ordered. Type: LeO 256 Function: torpedo bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * Hispano-SUiza Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: LeO 450, Liore et Olivier (451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 458) The LeO 451 was a modern bomber, a clean-twin engined aircraft with good performance. Lack of suitable engines and propellors and numerous problems with the internal equipment slowed production down and reduced serviceability. Nevertheless 584 were built, of which 150 after the armistice of 1940; but only about 100 were operational in May 1940. Also used by German, Italian, British and USAF units. The last were retired in 1957. Type: LeO 451 B.4 Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1140hp Gnome-Rhone 14N Wing Span: 22.50m Length: 13.81m Height: 4.26m Wing Area: 105m2 Empty Weight: 7815kg Max.Weight: 11400kg Speed: 495km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 2300km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm 1500kg LeO H-10, Liore et Olivier Biplane. LeO H-23, Liore et Olivier Single-engined sesquiplane amphibian. Reconaissance. LeO H-43, Liore et Olivier Catapult-launched, three-seat reconaisance seaplane. It entered service in 1940 and was used on a limited scale before the capitulation. 21 built. Type: LeO H-34 Function: reconaissane Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 650hp Hispano-Suiza 9Vb Speed: 209km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 825km Armament: 2*mg7.5mm 150kg LeO H-47, Liore et Olivier (470) Four-engined flying boat, designed for Air France but pressed into military service. The LeO H-470 was a clean, fast aircraft with excellent flying characteristics. Six built. Type: LeO H-470 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 9 Engines: 4 * 880hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y34/35 Speed: 352km/h Ceiling: Range: 3700km Armament: 4*mg7.5mm 600kg LeO H.49, Liore et Olivier Giant flying boat, later renamed {SE.200}. LeO H-246, Liore et Olivier The LeO H-246 was a 26-seat civil flying boat, that was hastily militarized at the outbreak of WWII, but flew in military form only after the armistice. Some were later used by Germany, Bulgaria and Finland. Six built. Type: LeO-246.1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 6-8 Engines: 4 * 720hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xgrs/hrs 1 Speed: 330km:h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 2000km Armament: 4*mg7.5mm 600kg LeO H-254, Liore et Olivier (256, 257, 258, 259) Torpedo-bomber floatplane or land-based bomber. An angular biplane, the last in the line of Liore et Olivier biplane bombers. 91 built. Type: LeO H-257bis Function: torpedo bomber Year: Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 870hp Gnome-Rhone 14Knrs/ors Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: Range: 1500km Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 1310kg LeO H-470, Liore et Olivier See {LeO H-47}. Letord 4 Biplane bomber. Did not have very good performance, and was used as reconaissance aircraft. Type: 4 Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: Engines: 2 * 160hp Lorraine-Dietrich Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Letord 6 This was development of the Letord 3 biplane night bomber, intended as escort fighter. The concept was already outdated when flight testing began; the aircraft was too slow and too big. No production. Type: 6 Ca3 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8Be Wing Span: 17.95m Length: 11.05m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 69.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g37mm 1*mg7.7mm Letord-Bechereau 2 Shoulder-wing monoplane fighter. The Letord-Bechereau was a streamlined wooden aircraft, with aerofoil-section wing struts and wheel axis fairing. It was not selected for production. One built. Type: 2 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Salmson 18Z Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 10.00m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 35.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1760kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: LGL-32, Loire-Gourdou-Leseurre (321) Parasol-wing monoplane fighter. About 475 were built, including a number of export aircraft. As late as 1937 the production was restarted, and 16 were built for the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War. Type: LGL-32 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter 9c Wing Span: 12.20m Length: 7.55m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 24.90m2 Empty Weight: 963kg Max.Weight: Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 31800ft Range: 500km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm LGL-33, Loire-Gourdou-Leseurre Development of the {LGL-32}, powered by a 12-cylinder in-line engine. The heavier engine required a change in the wing position to restore the CG. One built. Type: LGL-33 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb Wing Span: 12.20m Length: 8.03m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 24.90m2 Empty Weight: 1139kg Max.Weight: Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: LGL-34, Loire-Gourdou-Leseurre (341) The LGL-34 and -341 were reengined developments of the {LGL-32}. The wing was also enlarged. Performance increases were too small to warrant production. Type: LGL-341 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 12.20m Length: 7.60m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 27.50m2 Empty Weight: 1192kg Max.Weight: Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: LGL-35, Loire-Gourdou-Leseurre (351, 354) Parasol-wing fighter. The LGL-351 used the same wing as the {LGL-33}, but was developed as a lightweight fighter powered by a 450hp Renault engine. The LGL-354 was a version with more fuel and increased armament. Later the LGL-354 was renamed LG-35. No production. Type: LGL-351 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Renault 12Ja Wing Span: 12.20m Length: 8.03m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 24.90m2 Empty Weight: 1057kg Max.Weight: Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: 450km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm LH.16, Hanriot See {H.16}. LH.80, Hanriot Parasol-wing reconaissance aircraft. LN 40, Liore-Nieuport (41, 401, 402, 411, 420) Carrier-borne dive bomber. The LN 40 was a bulky monoplane with an inverted gull wing. The type was unpopular with the military, and only about 72 built. Hastily thrown into action, they suffered heavy losses in 1940. Development of the LN 420 continued after 1945. Type: LN 401 Function: dive bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs Wing Span: 14m Length: 9.75m Height: 3.50m Wing Area: 24.75m2 Empty Weight: 2135kg Max.Weight: 2823kg Speed: 380km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: 1200km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm 225kg LN 161, Liore-Nieuport Monoplane fighter. The LN 161 possessed a long but clean fuselage and tapering wings with a relatively high aspect ratio. It showed some promise, and three prototypes were built. However, in the end the Morane-Saulnier {MS 405} was selected for production. Type: LN 161 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 9.56m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: 15.00m2 Empty Weight: 1748kg Max.Weight: 2278kg Speed: 478km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm LN 401, Loire-Nieuport (40, 402, 411, 420) See {LN 40}. Loire 30 (301) The Loire 30 was designed as a night reconnaissance aircraft. The slightly bizarre design was an ugly shoulder-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear and three engines on tubular mounts above the wing. Drag was high and the Loire 30 did not even meet its very modest specifications. It was then converted in a testbed for an armoured gun turret, and the central engine was converted to a pusher to restore the centre of gravity. One built. Type: Loire 30 Function: reconnaissance Year: 1932 Crew: 3 Engines: 3 * 230hp Salmson 9Ab Wing Span: 22.15m Length: 13.7m Height: 4.96m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 2510kg Max.Weight: 3670kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Loire 43 (45, 46) Monoplane fighter. The single Loire 43 had a high-set gull wing, and open cockpit and fixed undercarriage. It was powered by a liquid-cooled Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs engine. The single Loire 45 had a radial Gnome-Rhone 14Kds instead, in an almost identical fuselage. The Loire 46 was redesigned to improve the view from the cockpit, and this was the the production version, of which 60 were ordered by the French military. Later five were sent to Spain. 63 built. Type: Loire 46 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 900hp Gnome-Rhone 14Kfs Wing Span: 11.83m Length: 7.88m Height: 4.13m Wing Area: 19.50m2 Empty Weight: 1360kg Max.Weight: 2100kg Speed: 390km/h Ceiling: 11750m Range: 750km Armament: 4*mg7.5mm Loire 50 (500, 501) Light liaison flying boat. Seven built. Type: 501 Function: liaison Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 350hp Hispano-Suiza 9Qd Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: 4850m Range: 1100km Load: 3 seats Loire 70 (701) Three-engined, high wing flying boat. The Liore 70 was an angular aircraft with one pusher and two tractor engines on top of the wing; wings and tip floats were heavily braced. It had many weaknesses and was unpopular. Eight built. Type: 70 Function: reconaissance Year: 1937 Crew: 8 Engines: 3 * 740hp Gnome-Rhone 9Kfr Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 3000km Armament: 6*mg7.5mm 600kg Loire 130 Shipboard flying boat. The Loire 130 was ugly, and with its numerous struts it looked obsolete, but it was efficient. Production continued under the Vichy regime. It served throughout WWII and afterwards. 125 built. Type: 130M Function: reconaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 1-3 Engines: 1 * 537kW Hispano-Suiza 12brs Wing Span: 16m Length: 11.30m Height: 3.85m Wing Area: 40.10m2 Empty Weight: 2090kg Max.Weight: 3396kg Speed: 226km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1100km Armament: 2*mg7.5mm 2*b75kg Load: 6 seats (crew 1) Loire 210 (211) Single-seat shipboard fighter seaplane.The 210 was a low-wing monoplane with a large central float and small wingtip floats. Structural failures led to its fast retirement. 21 built. Type: 210 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 980hp Hispano-Suiza 9Vbs Wing Span: 11.79m Length: 9.51m Height: 3.80m Wing Area: 20.30m2 Empty Weight: 1440kg Max.Weight: 2100kg Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 750km Armament: 4*mg7.5mm Loire 250 Single-seat fighter monoplane. The 250 was a refined design, with retractable landing gear and a closed cockpit; it was powered by a two-row Hispano-Suiza radial engine. But the prototype suffered from excessive drag. Therefore was rejected at an early stage of testing because it was not fast enough. One built. Type: 250 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1000hp Hispano-Suiza 14Ha-79 Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 7.81m Height: 3.72m Wing Area: 16.30m2 Empty Weight: 1500kg Max.Weight: 2200kg Speed: 480km/h Ceiling: Range: 875km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm Loire 500 (501) See {Loire 50}. Loire 701 See {Loire 70}. Luciole, Caudron C.270 (271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278) Pre-WWII biplane trainer, a light aircraft ordered by the French government to support flying schools. May were pressed into service as liaison aircraft after the outbreak of WWII, in France, but also in Germany and Britain. 275 built. Type: C.272 Function: liaison Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150hp Renault Bengali 4Pei Wing Span: 9.90m Length: 7.67m Height: 2.76m Wing Area: 24m2 Empty Weight: 516kg Max.Weight: 780kg Speed: 173km/h Ceiling: 3400m Range: 625km Armament: --M--------------------------------------------------------------------------- M.1, Ponnier Biplane fighter, with a close-cowled rotary engined and very small tail surfaces -- both characteristics were later modified. About 20 built, and most delivered to Belgium. It soon disappeared from service. Type: M.1 Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone 9C Wing Span: 6.18m Length: 5.75m Height: 2.30m Wing Area: 13.50m2 Empty Weight: 304kg Max.Weight: 464kg Speed: 167km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm M.2, Ponnier Design for a two-seat biplane fighter, based on the {M.1}. M.101, De Monge This was a French derivative of the Dutch NVI {FK.31}, designed by Frits Koolhoven. The M.101 was considered to be a much better aircraft than the FK.31. Prototype only. Type: M.101 Function: fighter / reconaissance Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ac Wing Span: 11.30m Length: 7.80m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 196km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.5mm 1*mg7.7mm Magister, Potez / Fouga / Aerospatiale CM.170 The Magister was a simple and lightweight jet trainer, a straight-wing design with two small engines and a V-tail. The Magister was extremely successful. It was also license- built in Germany, Finland and Israel. 929 were built. The French air force retired its last operational example in 1997. Type: CM.170R Magister Function: trainer Year: 1956 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 400kg Turbomeca Marbore IIA Wing Span: 12.15m Length: 10.06m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 17.30m2 Empty Weight: 2150kg Max.Weight: 3200kg Speed: 715km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 925km Armament: 2*mg7.5mm Maillet 20 (201) Civil tourer and trainer, several impressed in 1939. Type: 201 Function: trainer / liaison Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp Regnier 6B-01 Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 1500km Load: 2 seats MB 26, Besson Sesquiplane seaplane. The upper wing was directly on top of the fuselage, the lower wing was between fuselage and the central float. Type: MB 26 Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 400hp Lorraine-Dietrich Speed: 163km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: MB 35, Besson Small seaplane, designed as shipboard reconaissance aircraft for a class of submarine-cruisers armed with 203mm cannon. The MB 35 was a small, angular low-wing monoplane with twin floats. Six were built, but none operated from the 'Surcouf', the only Q- class submarine built. They did fly from cruisers, however. The MB 35 did not have good seagoing qualities, and was abandoned in favor of the more advanced {MB 41}. Type: MB 35 Function: reconaissance Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120hp Salmson ACQ Wing Span: 9.82m Length: 7.00m Height: 2.53m Wing Area: 16.5m2 Empty Weight: 540kg Max.Weight: 765kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 225kg MB 41, Besson / ANF-Mureaux See {MB 410}. MB.80, Bloch (81) Low-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear, designed for the ambulance role. Type: M.B.81 Function: ambulance Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 130kW Salmson 9Nd Wing Span: 12.59m Length: 8.4m Height: 2.9m Wing Area: 17.8m2 Empty Weight: 581kg Max.Weight: 880kg Speed: 188km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 654km Armament: 1 stretcher MB.150, Bloch (150, 151, 152, 153) Monoplane fighter. The first MB.150 prototype refused to leave the ground! A redesigned aircraft flew but was very complicated to build. About 140 of the more refined MB.151 were built, but only 25 of them had propellors, and anyway they were considered unfit for combat. 482 improved MB.152s were built, but again many lacked propellors and other necessary items, and peak operational strength during the fighting of 1940 was only 94. The MB.152 was clearly inferior to the {Bf 109}. Production continued after the defeat of France, bringing total production over 600. The single MB.153 had a P&W R-1830 engine. Type: MB.152 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1030hp Gnome-Rhone 14N Wing Span: 10.55m Length: 9.10m Height: 3.95m Wing Area: 15m2 Empty Weight: 202kg Max.Weight: 2680kg Speed: 515km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 600km Armament: 4*mg7.5mm MB.155, Bloch Development of the MB.152 (See {MB.150}). The only real improvement was the greater range. The MB.155 entered production after the defeat of France in 1940; they were used by the Vichy government and later by the Germans. 30 built. Type: MB.155 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 820kW Gnome-Rhone 14N-49 Wing Span: 10.55m Length: 9.05m Height: 3.95m Wing Area: 17.30m2 Empty Weight: 2100kg Max.Weight: 2900kg Speed: 520km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1050km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm MB.156, Bloch Straightforward adaptation of the {MB.155} for the Gnome-Rhone 14R engine. Abandoned before it was flown, in favour of the {MB.157}. MB.157, Bloch The MB.157 was the last development of the {MB.150} series. It was completely redesigned, to make use of the powerful Gnome-Rhone 14R engine. One built, that transported to Germany in 1943. The engine was removed for testing. Type: MB-157 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1268kW Gnome-Rhone 14R-4 Wing Span: 10.70m Length: 9.70m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 19.40m2 Empty Weight: 2390kg Max.Weight: 3250kg Speed: 710km/h Ceiling: Range: 1095km Armament: (2*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm) MB.410, Besson / ANF-Mureaux (411) Development of the {MB 35}. The MB 410 was an observation aircraft, to be carried by the 2880-ton submarine cruiser 'Surcouf' armed with two 203mm guns. The MB.410 was a low-wing monoplane with a single central float and two small stabilizing floats, that could easily be disassambled for stowage. One MB.410 and two MB.411s were built; one MB.411 was carried on board. After June 1940 both the Surcouf and the MB.411 were used by the Free French. Type: MB-411 Function: observation Year: 1937 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 1 * 130kW Salmson 9Nd Wing Span: 12m Length: 8.25m Height: 2.85m Wing Area: 22m2 Empty Weight: 760kg Max.Weight: 1140kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: Range: 345km MB.700, Bloch See {Bloch 700}. MD 450 Ouragan, Dassault See {Ouragan}. MD 451 Aladin, Dassault Two-seat jet nightfighter, never built. The MD 451 was intended as a development of the {Ouragan} with tandem seating, and a radar set in the nose. One Ouragan was modified to have lateral jet intakes, as planned for the MD.451. However, the Ouragan was already overtaken by the wept-wing Mystere, and the MD 451 was cancelled in favour of the {Mystere III}. MD 452 Mystere II, Dassault See {Mystere II}. MD 453 Mystere III, Dassault See {Mystere III}. MD 550 Mirage I, Dassault See {Mirage I}. MF.7, Maurice Farman Pusher biplane, used a reconaissance aircraft during the opening months of WWI. Was known as 'Shorthorn' in British service because of the short skis on the landing gear, intended to protect against nose-overs. MF.11, Maurice Farman Improved {MF.7}. Known as 'Longhorn' because of the longer skis than on the MF.7. Type: MF.11 Function: reconaissance / trainer Year: 1914 Crew: Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Microjet Small, jet-engined basic trainer with V-tail. Type: Microjet 200B Function: trainer Year: 1980 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1.60kN Microturbo TRS-18-2 Speed: 463km/h Ceiling: 9150m Range: 760km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm Milan, Dassault The Milan was a version of the {Mirage III} with a rectractable 'moustache' in the nose and the more powerful Atar 9K-50 engine. It was developed for Switzerland. No production. Type: Milan Function: attack Year: 1970 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7200kg SNECMA Atar 9K-50 Wing Span: 8.22m Length: 15.90m Height: 4.25m Wing Area: 3485m2 Empty Weight: 7000kg Max.Weight: 14000kg Speed: 2337km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm 4000kg Mirage I, Dassault M.D. 550 Small twin-engined delta-winged jet fighter, intended as all-weather interceptor. The Mirage I was underpowered with its two small jet engines, but also had a rocket engine. The aircraft was too small to carry effective armament, being designed to carry only a single missile. One built. Type: Mirage I Function: fighter Year: 1955 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 980kg Bristol Siddeley Viper 1 * 1500kg SEPR 66 Wing Span: 7.30m Length: 11.10m Height: Wing Area: 27.10m2 Empty Weight: 3330kg Max.Weight: 5070kg Speed: 1700km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Mirage II, Dassault Never built. Slightly enlarged development of the {Mirage I}, powered by two Turbomeca Gabizo engines. Abandoned in favour of the {Mirage III}. Mirage III, Dassault The delta-winged Mirage III jet fighter has been the largest succes of the post-war French aviation industry. More than 20 countries bought the Mirage III, and it is still in service, now undergoing extensive modernisation programmes in South-Africa, Chili and Switzerland. One of the most elegant aircraft ever flown, the Mirage III has a large delta wing and circular intakes with shock cones. A rectangular recess under the aft fuselage can contain either a fuel tank or a rocket engine. Type: Mirage IIIE Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1964 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 6200kg SNECMA Atar 9C 0-1 * 1500kg SEPR 844 Wing Span: 8.22m Length: 15.03m Height: 4.05m Wing Area: 35.00m2 Empty Weight: 7050kg Max.Weight: 13700kg Speed: 2350km/h Ceiling: 17000m Range: Armament: 2*g30mm 4400kg Mirage 3 NG This was an upgrade of the {Mirage III}, proposed by Dassault. The changes included canards, extended wing root leading edges, a fly-by-wire control system, and the Atar 9K-50 engine. Prototype only. Type: Mirage 3NG Function: fighter Year: 1982 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7200kg SNECMA Atar 9K-50 Wing Span: 8.22m Length: 15.65m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 35.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 14700kg Speed: 2125km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Mirage IIIT This was an engine test vehicle for the {Mirage IIIV}, to test the TF-104 and TF-106 engines developed in a cooperation by SNECMA and Pratt & Whitney. These were two-stage turbofans with reheat. In both cases severe problems were encountered with compressor stalls. Mirage IIIV This was nominally a VTOL development of the Mirage III, but in reality a very different aircraft. The VTOL technology with eight lift engines was demonstrated by the {Balzac}, a converted Mirage III, while the TF-104 and TF-106 engines were tested on the {Mirage IIIT}. The Mirage IIIV was much larger than the Mirage III, although its configuration was similar. The lift engines were insufficiently powerful for the large aircraft, and the TF104 and TF106 propulsion engines were unreliable. Type: IIIV 01 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 6400kg P&W-SNECMA TF-104B 8 * 1720kg Rolls-Royce RB162-1 Wing Span: 8.20m Length: 17.50m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 10250kg Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Mirage IVA Similar in layout to the {Mirage III}, but much larger and twin- engined. The Mirage IV is a medium-range nuclear bomber, originally with an AN22 free-fall bomb. It was updated in the 1980s to carry the air-breathing ASMP nuclear missile. This somewhat compensates for its short combat range of only 1240km. 63 built. The last bomber models were retired in 1996. Type: Mirage IVA Function: bomber Year: 1963 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 7000kg SNECMA Atar 9K Wing Span: 11.85m Length: 23.49m Height: 5.40m Wing Area: 78m2 Empty Weight: 14500kg Max.Weight: 33475kg Speed: 2340km/h Ceiling: 20000m Range: 4000km Armament: 7260kg Mirage 5 The Mirage 5 was a fair-weather attack development of the {Mirage III}. The reduction of electronic equipment allows more fuel and reduces cost. It was sold to Abu Dahbi, Belgium, Colombia, Egypt, Gabon, Libya, Pakistan, Peru, Venezuela and Zaire. Israel also ordered the Mirage 5, but when France refused to deliver the aircraft it built a copy of it with the P&W J-79 engine, the {Kfir}. Type: Mirage 5 Function: attack Year: 1967 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 6200kg SNECMA Atar 9C Wing Span: 8.22m Length: 15.56m Height: 4.25m Wing Area: 34.85m2 Empty Weight: 7150kg Max.Weight: 13700kg Speed: 2350km/h Ceiling: 20000m Range: 1200km Armament: 2*g30mm 4000kg Mirage 50, Dassault Development of the {Mirage III} / {Mirage 5} series. The 50 has the higher-powered Atar 9K-50 engine; hence the name. About 30 were completed, most of them conversions of earlier models. Type: Mirage 50 Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1979 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 70.6kN SNECMA Atar 9K-50 Wing Span: 8.22m Length: 15.56m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 35m2 Empty Weight: 7150kg Max.Weight: 13700kg Speed: M2.2 Ceiling: 18000m Range: Armament: 2*g30mm Mirage 2000, Dassault-Breguet The Mirage 2000 reverted to the familiar delta wing shape of the {Mirage III}, in a new, sophisticated form with slats and small canards. As light air-superiority fighter, it achieved some succes, despite the competition of the {F-16} and {F-18}. The Mirage 2000C is the fighter version; the Mirage 2000N is a two-seat nuclear-armed strike aircraft, and the 2000D a conventional attack aircraft. Type: Mirage 2000C Function: fighter Year: 1983 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 95.0kN SNECMA M53-P2 Wing Span: 9.13m Length: 14.36m Height: 5.20m Wing Area: 41m2 Empty Weight: 7500kg Max.Weight: 17000kg Speed: M2.35 Ceiling: 17060m Range: 3335km Armament: 2*g30mm 6300kg Mirage 4000, Dassault-Breguet The twin-engined Mirage 4000 was developed by Dassault, presumably to be used in a high/low mix with the {Mirage 2000}. It was virtually a scaled-up Mirage 2000. The French air force showed no interest in this canarded delta. No production. Type: Mirage 4000 Function: fighter Year: 1979 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 8500kg SNECMA M53-2 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 18.70m Height: Wing Area: 73.00m2 Empty Weight: 13000kg Max.Weight: Speed: 2445km/h Ceiling: Range: +2000km Armament: 2*g30mm 8000kg Mirage F1, Dassault The Mirage F.1 replaced the familiar delta wing of the {Mirage III} with a swept wing, set at shoulder height and fitted with flaps and slats. This was combined with a low-set slab tailplane. The F.1 did not achieve the enormous sales of the Mirage III, but was nevertheless sold to France, Ecuador, Greece, Iraq, Libya, Marocco, Quatar, Jordania, South-Africa, and Spain. A more advanced version, the F.1E with a M53 engine, lost the NATO fighter competition to the {F-16}. The {Mirage 2000} has replaced the F.1 one the production lines, but the Mirage F1 will continue in service for some time. Type: Mirage F.1C Function: fighter Year: 1970 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 7200kg SNECMA Atar 9K-50 Wing Span: 9.32m Length: 15.30m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 7400kg Max.Weight: 16200kg Speed: 2740km/h Ceiling: 20000m Range: 1390km Armament: 2*g30mm 6300kg Mirage F2, Dassault The Mirage F2 was developed as a two-seat strike fighter, in parallel with the smaller single-seat {Mirage F1}. It too had a shoulder-mounted, normal swept wing. It was cancelled because the lighter Mirage F1 was more attractive. One built. Type: Mirage F2 Function: fighter/attack Year: 1966 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 9000kg TF-306 Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 17.60m Height: 5.80m Wing Area: 36.00m2 Empty Weight: 9500kg Max.Weight: 18000kg Speed: 2350km/h Ceiling: Range: 5.25hrs Armament: Mirage F3, Dassault Planned single-seat version of the {Mirage F2}. Never built. Mirage F8, Dassault Proposed fixed-wing development of the {Mirage G}. Not built. Mirage G Experimental variable geometry fighter, with the typical elegant Mirage lines and a shoulder-wing of which the sweep could be set between 26 and 70 degrees. The first prototype was the single- engined Mirage G; after the loss of this one two Mirage G8 twin- engined prototypes were built. No production. Type: Mirage G8 Function: fighter / attack Year: 1971 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 7200kg SNECMA Atar 9K-50 Wing Span: 13.00m Length: 16.80m Height: 5.35m Wing Area: 37.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 23800kg Speed: 2495km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Mirage NG The Mirage NG (nouvelle generation) was a proposed update program for the {Mirage III} / {Mirage 5} series. Mistral, Sud-Est SE 530 (532, 535) French version of the British de Havilland {Vampire} twin-boom single-seat jet fighter. It was modified to accept the more powerful Nene Mk.5 engine, and the pilot was provided with a pressurized cabin and an ejection seat. 253 built. Type: SE 535 Function: fighter Year: 1952 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2270kg Hispano-R.R. Nene 104 Wing Span: 11.60m Length: 9.37m Height: Wing Area: 24.03m2 Empty Weight: 3480kg Max.Weight: 6100kg Speed: 925km/h Ceiling: Range: 1800km Armament: 4*g20mm 2*b450kg MoS ??, Morane-Saulnier All numbers in the MoS series: see the corresponding MS numbers. The acronym was officially 'MoS' before 1927. MS.21, Morane-Saulnier See {P}. MS.23, Morane-Saulnier See {AC}. MS.27, Morane-Saulnier See {AI}. MS.28, Morane-Saulnier See {AF} MS.29, Morane-Saulnier See {AI}. MS.30, Morane-Saulnier See {AI}. MS.31, Morane-Saulnier See {AN}. MS.32, Morane-Saulnier See {AN}. MS.33, Morane-Saulnier See {AN}. MS.34, Morane-Saulnier See {AN}. MS.35, Morane-Saulnier Parasol-wing monoplane trainer, see {AR}. MS.121, Morane-Saulnier Parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The MS 121 was designed as a light fighter, with an engine of moderate power; but it proved underpowered. Prototype only. Type: MS.121 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 465hp Hispano-Suiza 12Jb Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 6.72m Height: 2.88m Wing Area: 16.00m2 Empty Weight: 1011kg Max.Weight: 1276kg Speed: 257km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm MS.129, Morane-Saulnier Similar to the {MS.130}, but powered by the 134kW Hispano-Suiza 8Ab engine. Relatively few were built. MS.130, Morane-Saulnier Parasol wing trainer, developed from the {MS.53}. The wing of the MS.130 was slightly swept and braced with substantial struts; the radial engine was uncowled. 146 built. Type: MS.130 Function: trainer Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 172kW Salmson 9Ab Wing Span: 10.70m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1149kg Speed: 208km/h Ceiling: Range: MS.138, Morane-Saulnier Two-seat trainer, developed from the {MS.53}. 178 built. Type: MS.138 Function: trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 60kW Le Rhone 9C Wing Span: 10.90m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 772kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: MS.147, Morane-Saulnier (149) Parasol-wing trainer, created by combining the wing of the {MS.138} with the fuselage of the {MS.130}. 109 were built, plus 56 MS.149s for the French navy. Type: MS.147 Function: trainer Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 89kW Salmson 9Ac Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 145km/h Ceiling: Range: MS.221, Morane-Saulnier (222, 223) The MS.221 was a more powerful development of the {MS.121}. Despite its relatively high power-to-weight ratio, the MS.221 was slower than other contenders for the light fighter requirement. Development was, after production of the modified MS.222 and MS.223, discontinued in favour of the redesigned {MS.224}. Type: MS.221 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter 9Ae Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 6.50m Height: 2.98m Wing Area: 16.00m2 Empty Weight: 915kg Max.Weight: 1230kg Speed: 268km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm MS.224, Morane-Saulnier (225, 226, 227) The stubby MS 225 parasol-wing fighter was a larger development of the {MS.221} 'light fighter'. The MS.225 with a fully cowled radial engine was built in small numbers (78) as an interim fighter, but was known as an excellent aircraft for aerobatics. The 226 was a carrier-borne version, but was considered conceptually obsolescent. The MS.227 was an engine testbed. Type: MS.225 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Gnome-Rhone 9Kbrs Wing Span: 10.56m Length: 7.25m Height: 3.26m Wing Area: 17.20m2 Empty Weight: 1154kg Max.Weight: 1590kg Speed: 333km/h Ceiling: 9900m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm MS.230, Morane-Saulnier Parasol-wing monoplane trainer, a fully aerobatic aircraft with a rotund fuselage. Over 500 were built. Type: MS.230 Function: advanced trainer Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 230hp Salmson 9 Ab engine. Wing Span: 10.70m Length: 6.98m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 19.70m2 Empty Weight: 829kg Max.Weight: 1150kg Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: Range: 5000m MS.275, Morane-Saulnier (278) Parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The MS.275 had a good performance and good manoeuvrability, but the concept of the parasol-wing fighter was considered to be outdated. MS was already developing its first low-wing monoplanes, the {MS.325} and {MS.405}. Type: MS.275 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Gnome-Rhone 9Krse Wing Span: 10.56m Length: 7.24m Height: 3.29m Wing Area: 17.20m2 Empty Weight: 1361kg Max.Weight: 1724kg Speed: 363km/h Ceiling: 10700m Range: 1150km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm MS.300, Morane-Saulnier (301,302) Primary trainer. MS.315, Morane-Saulnier (317) Parasol-wing trainer of mixed construction, developed from the {MS.300}. It was used as primary trainer and target tug. 350 were built, including 33 built after WWII. As late as 1960, some were reengined with 220hp Continental W-670 engines and renamed MS.317. Type: MS.315 Function: trainer Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 135hp Salmson 9Nc Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.60m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 21.60m2 Empty Weight: 548kg Max.Weight: 860kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: Armament: MS.325, Morane-Saulnier The MS.325 was a low-wing fighter monoplane, with fixed landing gear and open cockpit. Aerodynamic problems prevented further development. Type: MS.325 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs Wing Span: 11.80m Length: 8.25m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 19.73m2 Empty Weight: 1354kg Max.Weight: 1789kg Speed: 365km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm MS.326, Morane-Saulnier High-wing trainer and liaison aircraft. MS.405, Morane-Saulnier (406, 407, 408, 409) Low-wing monoplane fighter. The MS.405 was of mixed construction. Twelve were built, essentially pre-series aircraft for the MS.406. The MS.406 formed the backbone of French fighter units in May 1940. It was not a bad aircraft, but underpowered, too slow and too lightly armed to fight the {Bf 109}. It was also by Finland, Switzerland, and Turkey; other export aircraft were impressed by the Armee de l'Air. Finland built a development with a Soviet Klimov 105P engine (itself derived from the original Hispano-Suiza engine) and a German 20mm cannon, the {Morko Moraani}. Type: MS.406 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y31 Wing Span: 10.62m Length: 8.17m Height: 2.71m Wing Area: 17.10m2 Empty Weight: 1893kg Max.Weight: Speed: 486km/h Ceiling: 9400m Range: 1000km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm MS.410, Morane-Saulnier (411, 412) The MS.410 was a slightly improved MS.406. 79 were built by conversion of MS.406s. The radiator bath was replaced, and the wing modified to double the number 7.5mm guns. The MS.411 was a {MS.405} powered by the HS 12Y45 engine, one was converted. The MS.412 was powered by the HS 12Y51, and served as prototype for the Swiss D-3081 fighter. MS.450, Morane-Saulnier The MS.450 was based on the fighters of the {MS.405} series, but featured a metal monococque fuselage, and metal wings skinned with plywood bonded to aluminium. The MS.450 did not enter production, because the Dewoitine {D.520} was already in production and the MS.450 had no advantages over it. Three built. Type: MS.450 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1050hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y51 Wing Span: 10.62m Length: 8.82m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 17.10m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 560km/h Ceiling: Range: 750km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm MS.470 Vanneau, Morane-SAulnier (472, 474, 475) See {Vanneau}. MS.500 Criquet, Morane Saulnier (501, 502) See {Criquet}. MS.540, Morane-Saulnier Development of the {MS.450}. Built in Switzerland as the D-3802. MS.733 Alcyon, Morane-Saulnier See {Alcyon}. MS.760 Paris, Morane-Saulnier See {Paris}. MS.775 Fleuret, Morane-Saulnier See {Fleuret}. MS.1500 Epervier, Morane-Saulnier. See {Epervier}. Mureaux 3 All-metal, parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The Mureaux 3 (also known as the Brunet 3) was a two-seater of all-metal construction. The design of the wing struts was remarkable: Heavy N-type struts connected wings with the undercarriage, which itself also featured enormous struts. The Mureaux 3 was abandoned after the prototype crashed, although the aircraft was not to blame. One built. Type: 3 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 15.00m Length: 8.45m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 32.50m2 Empty Weight: 1160kg Max.Weight: 1990kg Speed: 245km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm Mureaux 4 Reengined development of the {Mureaux 3}. It was not adopted for service, but developed into the {Mureaux 130} reconaissance aircraft. Type: 4 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 500hp Salmson CM 18 Wing Span: 15.00m Length: 8.30m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 32.50m2 Empty Weight: 1318kg Max.Weight: Speed: 233km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm Mureaux 110 (111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117) Parasol monoplane, built as observation, attack, reconnaissance- bomber or night-fighter aircraft. Production models were the 113, 115 (reconaissance) and 114 (night fighter). Over 100 were still in service on 10 May 1940, not yet replaced by the {Potez 63}.11. It was a parasol monoplane of all-metal construction. 297 built. Type: 115 R2 B2 Function: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 650hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: 10400m Range: 1500km Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm 300kg Mureaux 130 Parasol-wing reconaissance aircraft, developed from the {Mureaux 4}. Mureaux 170 All-metal parasol-wing fighter monoplane, which was rejected by the French air force. Two built. Type: 170 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs Wing Span: 11.38m Length: 7.90m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 19.56m2 Empty Weight: 1199kg Max.Weight: 1670kg Speed: 380km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Mureaux 180 Two-seat development of the {Mureax 170}. The 180 had a different radiator installation, and was modified with twin fins and rudders. One built. Type: 180 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs Wing Span: 11.40m Length: 7.83m Height: 3.26m Wing Area: 19.56m2 Empty Weight: 1266kg Max.Weight: 1953kg Speed: 379km/h Ceiling: Range: 750km Armament: (1*mg20mm 3*mg7.7mm) Mureaux 190 (191) Lightweight fighter, a low-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear, powered by an air-cooled inline engine. The engine was unreliable. One built. Type: 190 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Salmson 12 Vars Wing Span: 8.38m Length: 7.20m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 10.00m2 Empty Weight: 850kg Max.Weight: 1290kg Speed: 500km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs Armament: (1*g20mm 2*mg7.7mm) Mystere I, Dassault MD 452 Prototype of the {Mystere II}, essentially an {Ouragan} with a thin, swept wing. The Mystere II had some additional changes, including an engine change. Mystere II, Dassault MD 452 The Mystere II was a development of the {Ouragan} with a thinner, swept wing. Approx 150 were built for the French air force. The British-designed engines of the first prototypes were replaced by the first 'Atar' engines in the production aircraft. 144 built. Type: Mystere IIC Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2800kg Atar 101D-2 Wing Span: 11.33m Length: 12.24m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 30.28m2 Empty Weight: 5730kg Max.Weight: 7460kg Speed: 1030km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm Mystere III, Dassault MD 453 Two-seat nightfighter development of the {Mystere II}. The aircraft had tandem seating, and lateral jet intakes to make room for a radar in the nose. Only one prototype was built, and the radar was never fitted. Type: Mystere IIIN Function: nightfighter Year: 1952 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2850kg Hispano-Suiza Tay 250 Wing Span: 11.62m Length: 12.86m Height: 4.47m Wing Area: 31.90m2 Empty Weight: 5915kg Max.Weight: Speed: 1080km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Mystere IV, Dassault The Mystere IVA was a completely redesigned aircraft, which had only a conceptual similarity to the {Mystere II}. The new fuselage was of oval cross-section, the wing was thinner and had more sweepback. 275 Mystere IVAs were built, of which some were paid for by US support funds, and of which 60 were sold to Israel. The IVB was again redesigned, with an entirely new fuselage for an axial-flow R.R. Avon or SNECMA Atar engine, but was abandoned in favour of the {Super Mystere}. The IVN was a tandem-seat nightfighter version, which had a 'beard' jet intake instead of the pitot intake of earlier model, to make room for a radar in the upper nose. It too was abandoned, in favour of the {Vautour.} Type: Mystere IVA Function: fighter Year: 1952 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3497kg Hispano-Suiza Verdon 350 Wing Span: 11.12m Length: 12.85m Height: 4.60m Wing Area: 32.06m2 Empty Weight: 5860kg Max.Weight: 8210kg Speed: 1120km/h Ceiling: 13715m Range: 2280km Armament: 2*g30mm 908kg Type: Mystere IVN Function: nightfighter Year: 1954 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Rolls-Royce Avon RA 7R Wing Span: 11.12m Length: 14.92m Height: 4.60m Wing Area: 32.00m2 Empty Weight: 7140kg Max.Weight: 10320kg Speed: 1030km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: (2*g30mm 52*r68mm) Mystere, Dassault (10, 20, 100, 200, 500) See {Falcon}. --N--------------------------------------------------------------------------- N, Morane-Saulnier Mid-wing monoplane, wich became the first French fighter aircraft. The type N was fitted with fixed gun, but no synchronization gear; it used deflectors on the propellor blades instead, as pioneered by Roland Garros on a type {L}. The N was less popular than the parasol monoplanes. 49 built. Type: N Function: reconaissance / fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J Wing Span: 8.15m Length: 5.83m Height: 2.25m Wing Area: 11.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 443kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1*mg N, R.E.P. Monoplane reconaissance aircraft. Brief service in 1915. Type: N Function: reconaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Speed: 116km/h Ceiling: Range: N 262 Fregate, Nord / Aerospatiale See {Fregate}. N 500, Aerospatiale See {Nord 500}. N 1400 Noroit, SCAN (1401, 1402) Twin-engined maritime patrol amphibian. The NC 1400 was an elegant design, apart from the odd three-fin tail and non-retractable stabilising floats. The first prototype, flown in 1949, had SNECMA 14R engines and the two N 1401s had Bristol Hercules engines, but the N 1402 production model was powered by a French version of the 2040hp Junkers Jumo 213 engine. Of the latter 28 were built. They served some years with the Aeronavale. Type: N 1402 Function: patrol and rescue Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1566kW SNECMA 12H00 Wing Span: 31.60m Length: 22.05m Height: 6.85m Wing Area: 100m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: Range: 3450km Armament: 6*g20mm N 2200, Nord See {Nord 2200}. N 3202, Aerospatiale See {Nord 3202}. Narval, Sud-Ouest SO 8000 (8010) The Narval was a twin-boom pusher aircraft with slightly swept wings, intended as a shipboard fighter/attack aircraft. The engine was a copy of the German Jumo 213 and had contra-rotating propellers. Development was problematic and finally the Narval was cancelled. The proposed jet-engined SO 8010 was not built. Type: SO 8000 Narval Function: fighter / attack Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2250hp Arsenal 12 H-02 Wing Span: 11.77m Length: 11.83m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 26.30m2 Empty Weight: 4821kg Max.Weight: Speed: 730km/h Ceiling: Range: 4500km Armament: 6*g20mm 1000kg NC.211 Cormoran Large four-engined transport, with a deep fuselage. The big and ugly NC.211 did not enter production. NC.223 Development of the Farman {F.222} bomber. It was a complete redesign, first flown in 1937, which entered service in 1940. The NC.223 had a new, metal wing. About 13 were built. Type: NC.223.3 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 5-6 Engines: 4 * 910hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y29 Wing Span: 33.58m Length: 22.00m Height: 5.08m Wing Area: 132.40m2 Empty Weight: 10550kg Max.Weight: 19200kg Speed: 400km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 2400km Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg7.5mm 4190kg NC 270 (271, 272) The NC 270 was a twin-engined jet bomber, which was never built. The first NC 271 was an unpowered 1:2.5 scale model, and was carried into the air on top of a {Languedoc}. The NC-271-02, more representative of the NC 270 configuration, had a T-tail and a rocket engine. The NC 272 was a proposed rocket-engined interceptor development of the NC-271-02. NC 420, Farman / SNAC Shipboard reconaissance aircraft, a twin-engined flying boat. The NC 420 had folding wings, twin tailfins, a glazed nose, a cockpit offset to the left, and air-cooled inline engines. It was bulky and ugly. The prototype, after delay because of the German invasion and occupation, was completed in 1943. But it was never allowed to fly. Type: NC 420 Function: reconaissance Year: 1943 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 390hp Bearn 6D07 Wing Span: 15.90m Length: 11.20m Height: 3.81m Wing Area: 34m2 Empty Weight: 2895kg Max.Weight: Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 7120m Range: 1350km Armament: (2*mg 2*b75kg never fitted) NC 470, Farman (471, 472) Floatplane trainer; some were used for reconaissance in 1939. The NC.470 was initially developed by Farman as the F.470. Germany captured 14 in 1942. Approx 24 built. Type: NC 470 Function: trainer / reconaissance Year: Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 480hp Gnome-Rhone 9Akx Jupiter Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: Armament: 1*mg7.5mm 200kg NC.510, Hanriot First prototype of the {NC.530}. Serious redesign was needed, partly because of poor characteristics, partly because the air force changed its mind and moved the observer from a ventral bath to a position in the nose. Just as well, because between the fixed landing gear, wing struts, and deep engine nacelles the observer had a rather poor view. Aside from the ventral bath and fixed landing gear, the NC.510 was aerodynamically clean. One built. Type: NC.510 Function: observation Year: 1938 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * Gnome=Rhone 9K Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: NC.530, Hanriot (531, 532) The NC.530 reconaissance monoplane with its bulky, deep fuselage and fixed landing gear was obsolete before it flew. Two built. Type: NC.530 Function: reconaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 700hp Gnome-Rhone 14M Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 1800km Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 500kg NC-600, Centre / Hanriot The NC-600 was a very promising twin-engined fighter, but its development was ignored by the air force. The NC-600 had an elegant fuselage of elliptical cross-section, twin tailfins, and two radial engines. Only two prototypes were built. Type: NC-600 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 700hp Gnome-Rhone MO/01 Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 8.80m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 21.16m2 Empty Weight: 2948kg Max.Weight: 4000kg Speed: 542km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 860km Armament: 3*g20mm 2*mg NC 701 Martinet, SNCAC (702) French version of the German Siebel {Si 204} twin-engined light transport. The engines were Renault 12S, a copy of the German Argus As 411. NC 900 The German Focke-Wulf {Fw 190}A in French service. Their lifespan was short, because there were problems with the spare parts for the engines -- these had been made for Germany by the French industry during WWII, and were of low quality... NC 1070, Aerocentre (1071) Twin-engined naval bomber. Prototypes were built for the NC.1070 with SNECMA 14R radial engines and the NC.1071 with jet engines. The NC.1071 had enormous underwing engine nacelles, which also carried the tailfins. They were connected by a tailplane on top. The second prototype was abandoned after suffering structural damage in a flight to Mach 0.7. Type: NC.1071 Function: bomber Year: 1948 Crew: Engines: 2 * R.R. Nene Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: NC 1080, Aerocentre / SNCAC Shipboard fighter design. The NC 1080 was a clean low-wing jet fighter with swept wings and tail surfaces. Originally there was a complex system of flaps, but no ailerons. Later small ailerons were added. More modifications were later made to improve the flying characteristics. The NC 1080 was lost in a fatal crash in 1950. One built. Type: NC 1080 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 23kN R.R. Nene Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 12.87m Height: 4.70m Wing Area: 28.4m2 Empty Weight: 5141kg Max.Weight: 7700kg Speed: 977km/h Ceiling: 12700m Range: 1200km Armament: 1210kg NH90, Eurocopter / NH Industries Modern medium-size helicopter, developed by France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. The NH90 made its first flight in Devember 1995. It has an all-composite fuselage, and fly-by-wire controls. There will be naval (NFH) and tactical transport (TTH) versions. Type: NH90 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1370kW R.R.-Turbomeca RTM 322-01/9 Rotor Span: 16.30m Length: 19.56m Height: 5.44m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 9100kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1200km Armament: 14-20 seats, 2500kg Ni-140, Nieuport Two-seat shipboard monoplane fighter and dive bomber. The angular Ni-140 had a low-wing, inverted gull configuration with trousered landing gear. Two built. Type: Ni-140 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 9.57m Height: Wing Area: 26.82m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2476kg Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.5mm 200kg Ni-160, Nieuport Fighter. See {LN 161}. NiD-29, Nieuport-Delage Single-seat fighter, a two-bay biplane with a wooden monocoque fuselage. The NiD-29 was a manoeuvrable and sturdy aircraft that was built in large numbers for France, Japan, Argentina, Belgium, Italy, Spain and Sweden. The 29G had a rotary engine, but most versions had liquid-cooled in-line engines. Type: NiD-29 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 6.44m Height: 2.66m Wing Area: 27.00m2 Empty Weight: 850kg Max.Weight: 1190kg Speed: 237km/h Ceiling: 8200m Range: 480km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm NiD-37, Nieuport-Delage The NiD-37 was a shoulder-wing monoplane fighter, although the aerofoil fairing of the wheel axis made it technically a sesquiplane. The layout was similar to that of the Nieuport 31, but the detail design was very different. The NiD-37 had a wooden monocoque fuselage with curved lines everywhere. The NiD-37 was innovative in having a turbo-supercharger, but was overweight. One built. Type: NiD-37 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 11.80m Length: 7.16m Height: 2.97m Wing Area: 26.80m2 Empty Weight: 980kg Max.Weight: 1420kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm NiD-42, Nieuport-Delage The NiD-42 was originally designed as a racing monoplane, but it was developed into a sesquiplane fighter, with the addition of a small wing. With its monocoque fuselage, and close-cowled engine the NiD-42 was extremely elegant. It was built in single-seat and two-seat versions. Relatively few were built, but a complex family of fighters was derived from it. Type: NiD-42 C1 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ha Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.50m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 29.50m2 Empty Weight: 1379kg Max.Weight: 1808kg Speed: 266km/h Ceiling: Range: 400km Armament: 4*mg7.7mm NiD-43, Nieuport-Delage Two-seat shipboard fighter. The NiD-43 was a biplane. As common in those days, the NiD-43 was designed for safe ditching: The mainwheels were covered by two small floats, which were only sufficient to keep the propellor clear of the water, and the aft fuselage was watertight. One built. Type: NiD-43 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 10.00m Height: 3.85m Wing Area: 44.30m2 Empty Weight: 1680kg Max.Weight: 2320kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h 30m Armament: 4*mg7.7mm NiD-44, Nieuport-Delage Reengined development of the {NiD-42}, powered by a 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb engine. Level speed and climb performance were inferior. One built. NiD-46, Nieuport-Delage Reengined development of the {NiD-42}, with a 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Gb engine of W-configuration. Level speed and climb performance were inferior. One built. NiD-48, Nieuport-Delage (481) This was a s scaled-down, parasol monoplane development of the {NiD-42}, intended as a light fighter. Performance was not better than that of the {NiD-62}, which was already in production. Three built. The entire 1926 'Jockey' programme to develop light fighters was a failure. Type: NiD-48 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400hp Hispano-Suiza 12Jb Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.40m Height: Wing Area: 18.38m2 Empty Weight: 1032kg Max.Weight: 1290kg Speed: 276km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg7.7mm NiD-52, Nieuport-Delage Development of the {NiD-42}, similar to the {NiD-62} but with more metal construction parts. Some changes were made to wings and tailplane to improve the handling. The NiD-52 had a metal fuselage and wing construction. The NiD-52 was not accepted by France, but license-built in Spain. Type: NiD-52 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.64m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 27.75m2 Empty Weight: 1360kg Max.Weight: 1800kg Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm NiD-62, Nieuport-Delage (622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 629) This was a development of the {NiD-42}, similar to the {NiD-52}, but retaining the wooden construction of the NiD-42. France preferred the NiD-62 because of its lower cost. The NiD-62 was built in large numbers, despite nearing obsolesence. The NiD-622 was modified to cure a tendency to enter a flat spin. There were also a number of derivatives with different engines. 675 built. Retired in 1932. Type: NiD-62b Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12 Md Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.63m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 29.10m2 Empty Weight: 1318kg Max.Weight: Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Type: NiD-622 C1 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 580hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.63m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 27.41m2 Empty Weight: 1378kg Max.Weight: 1837kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: 7700m Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm NiD-72, Nieuport-Delage This was a development of the {NiD-42} similar to the {NiD-52}, but with even more metal parts -- light alloy replaced the fabric wing skinning. Eight built. Type: NiD-72 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.50m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 26.30m2 Empty Weight: 1210kg Max.Weight: 1600kg Speed: 268km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm NiD-82, Nieuport-Delage Parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The NiD-82 had only a configurational similarity with the {NiD-42} series, although it was first flown as a sequiplane. The design was considered outdated; no production. Type: NiD-82 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Lorraine 12Ha Petrel Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 7.60m Height: Wing Area: 26.25m2 Empty Weight: 1294kg Max.Weight: 1600kg Speed: 281km/h Ceiling: Range: 520km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm NiD-121, Nieuport-Delage (122, 123, 125) All-metal parasol monoplane fighter, designed to a 1930 fighter requirement. The NiD-121 was powered by a Lorraine-Dietrich 12H, and the NiD-122 by a Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs. The low-wing Dewoitine {D.500} was selected for production. Six NiD-123s were ordered by Peru; these had interchangeable wheeled and float undercarriages. The final development was the NiD-125 with a 12Ycrs engine and a co-axial 20mm cannon, but this was abandoned in favour of the Dewoitine D.510. Type: NiD-122 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs Wing Span: 13.00m Length: 7.12m Height: 2.97m Wing Area: 22.00m2 Empty Weight: 1297kg Max.Weight: 1730kg Speed: 363km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm NiD-140, Nieuport-Delage See {Ni-140}. NiD-225, Nieuport-Delage Shoulder-wing monoplane fighter, developed in parallel with the NiD-125 version of the {NiD-121}. Two built. NiD-580, Nieuport-Delage Parasol-wing monoplane, a two-seat reconaissance aircraft. Only two were built. They were powered by 485kW Hispano-Suiza 12NB engines, armed with four guns, and had a top speed of 265km/h. Nieuport (Clerget 11E) An enlarged development of the {Nieuport 28} with a 200hp Clerget 11E engine. It did not enter production, and did not receive a designation. Type: Nieuport (Clerget 11E) Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 200hp Clerget 11E Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 21.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 850kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Nieuport (Hispano-Suiza, 1916) This single-seat fighter biplane was built to compete with the SPAD {S.VII}. It did not receive a designation, because it was not adopted for production. Little is known about it, but photographs show a very clean, elegant aircraft. It was powered by a 150hp Hispano-Suiza engine. Nieuport (Hispano-Suiza, 1918) This was virtually identical to the {Nieuport (Lorraine-Dietrich)}, apart from the engine. It was probably overtaken by the development of the Nieuport 29. Nieuport (Lorraine-Dietrich) Biplane fighter, powered by a liquid-cooled in-line engine instead of the usual rotary engines of Nieuport fighters. A similar prototype had a Hispano-Suiza engine. No official designation was given. It did not enter production. Type: Nieuport (Lorraine-Dietrich) Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 240hp 240hp Lorraine Dietrich 8Bb Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 21.00m2 Empty Weight: 535kg Max.Weight: 850kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Nieuport (Monococque) Biplane fighter with a monococque fuselage, externally similar to the {Nieuport 28}. Performance was disappointing. The type did not enter production and did not receive a designation. Type: Nieuport (Monococque) Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 170hp Le Rhone 9R Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 640kg Speed: 198km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.25hrs Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Nieuport (Monoplane) This was a fighter monoplane. It had a braced shoulder wing and an aerofoil surface covering the wheel axis. The fuselage was of circular cross section. No production, and hence no official designation. Type: Nieuport (Monoplane) Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Le Rhone 9R Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 703kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.0hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Nieuport (Triplane) This was a very unusual triplane; the middle wing was fitted ahead of the lower wing, just in front of the engine, and the upper wing was behind the pilot. The fuselage of a {Nieuport 17} or 17bis was used. Handling was bad and the aircraft never received a production designation. Two built. Type: Nieuport (Triplane) Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 8.01m Length: 5.85m Height: 2.26m Wing Area: 13.30m2 Empty Weight: 417kg Max.Weight: 629kg Speed: 176km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Nieuport IV Monoplane, first flown in 1913. Some served with the Russian air force. Nieuport 10 The Nieuport 10 sesquiplane was originally designed as a two-seater, but most were converted to single-seaters, with a Lewis gun on top of the upper wing. The Nieuport 10 served in France, Britain, Russia and Italy; it was licence-built in the latter two countries. Type: Nieuport 10 Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome or Le Rhone Wing Span: 7.90m Length: 7.00m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 18.00m2 Empty Weight: 410kg Max.Weight: 660kg Speed: 146km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Nieuport 11 Bebe The Nieuport 11 was a neat little sesquiplane with a Lewis gun on the upper wing, in fact a smaller development of the {Nieuport 10}. The Nieuport 11 was the first Allied fighter that was superior to the {Fokker E.III} Some were fitted with Le prieur rockets at the typical V-styles of the wing, for use against observation balloons. The Nieuport 11 was also built in Russia, Spain and the Netherlands, and copied by German designers. Type: Nieuport 11 Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone 9C Wing Span: 7.52m Length: 5.64m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 13.30m2 Empty Weight: 320kg Max.Weight: 480kg Speed: 156km/h Ceiling: 4600m Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Nieuport 12 Two-seat reconaissance biplane, a larger and more powerful development of the {Nieuport 10}. The Nieuport 12 was a good fighter. It served in substantial numbers and was also built by Beardmore in Britain. Type: Nieuport 12 Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 1 * 130hp Clerget 9B Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: 4700m Range: Armament: 1-2*mg Nieuport 14 Two-seat bomber biplane. The Nieuport 14 was quickly replaced. Type: 14 Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150hp Hispano-Suiza Speed: 109km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Nieuport 16 More powerful development of the {Nieuport 11} with a 110hp engine and sometimes a synchronized gun. Handling suffered becuase of the higher wing loading. Few were built, and the {Nieuport 17} quickly replaced them. Type: 16 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J Wing Span: 7.52m Length: 5.64m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 13.30m2 Empty Weight: 375kg Max.Weight: 550kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Nieuport 17 The 17 was basically a slightly enlarged, refined {Nieuport 11}, sometimes fitted with a synchronized gun instead of the Lewis on the upper wing.It was the numerically most important French fighter until the introduction of the Spad {S.VII}; at some time it equipped every French fighter unit. It was also sold to Italy, Belgium, Russia, The Netherlands, Finland and the USA. The less successful 17bis had a Clerget engine instead of the usual Le Rhone, and two guns; this had faired-in fuselage sides instead of the usual flat ones. There were also some experimental 17bis with unusual engine cowlings. Type: Nieuport 17 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9Ja Wing Span: 8.16m Length: 5.80m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 14.75m2 Empty Weight: 375kg Max.Weight: 560kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: Range: 250km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm Nieuport 18 Single-seat sesquiplane fighter, possibly a development of the {Nieuport 11}. It was powered by a 80hp Le Rhone engine. No production. Nieuport 20 This was a version of the {Nieuport 12} powered by a 110hp Clerget engine. A small number was built for the Britsh RFC. Type: 20 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110hp Clerget Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 7.00m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 22.00m2 Empty Weight: 453kg Max.Weight: 752kg Speed: 157km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Nieuport 21 Lower-powered development of the {Nieuport 17}, intended as a trainer but often used as a operational fighter. The British called it the 17B, but it should not be confused with the 17bis. Type: 21 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone 9C Wing Span: 8.16m Length: 6.00m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 14.75m2 Empty Weight: 320kg Max.Weight: 495kg Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Nieuport 23 This was a development of the {Nieuport 17}, with minor modifications. It was most often armed with a synchronized Vickers gun. French units often had a mix of Nieuport 17 and Nieuport 23 fighters. Type: Nieuport 23 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120hp Le Rhone 9Jb Wing Span: 8.16m Length: 5.80m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 14.75m2 Empty Weight: 375km/h Max.Weight: 560kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Nieuport 24 This was a development of the {Nieuport 17} with redesigned wings and a new tail unit. The Nieuport 24 was little better than the 17, but was nevertheless ordered in quantity. The 24bis, which entered service before the 24, retained the tail of the 17. Type: 24 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 130hp Le Rhone 9Jb Wing Span: 8.21m Length: 5.87m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 14.75m2 Empty Weight: 355kg Max.Weight: 547kg Speed: 176km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Nieuport 25 This was the ultimate development of the {Nieuport 17}. Few were built, because the engine was underdeveloped. This name is also sometimes applied, in error, to a derivative of the 17bis with an experimental engine cowling. Type: 25 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 200hp Clerget 11E Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Nieuport 27 Last development of the {Nieuport 17} series, a {Nieuport 24} with a few changes. The 27 could not compete with the latest fighters, but was nevertheless built in quantity. In October 1917, it was ordered to withdraw all Nieuport fighters from frontline service. Type: 27 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 130hp Le Rhone 9Jby Wing Span: 8.21m Length: 5.87m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 14.75m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 535kg Speed: 172km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Nieuport 28 The earlier Nieuport fighters all had the same configuration of fuselage and wings, with V-styles and very narrow chord lower wings. In late 1917, this was obsolete. The 28 was a normal biplane with a fuselage of slender circular cross-section. It was not very reliable and underpowered, but the American expeditionary force bought large numbers because no other modern fighter aircraft were available. It was soon withdrawn from the frontline. Type: 28 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Gnome Monosoupape 9N Wing Span: 8.16m Length: 6.40m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 16.00m2 Empty Weight: 436kg Max.Weight: 698kg Speed: 196km/h Ceiling: 5180m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Nieuport 29 See {NiD-29}. Nieuport 31 Development of the earlier Nieuport monoplane prototypes; a shoulder-wing aircraft with a wide aerofoil section covering the landing gear. It did not enter production, despite good performance; probbaly because its rotary engine was obsolescent. Type: 31 Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Le Rhone 9R Wing Span: 8.60m Length: 6.60m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 18.00m2 Empty Weight: 500kg Max.Weight: 780kg Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Nieuport 32 Shipboard derivative of the {Nieuport 29}G, fitted with a Le Rhone rotary engine. No production. Type: 32 Function: fighter Year: 1920 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Le Rhone 9R Wing Span: 9.70m Length: 6.70m Height: 2.48m Wing Area: 30.00m2 Empty Weight: 603kg Max.Weight: 857kg Speed: 194km/h Ceiling: Range: 4h Armament: Noratlas, Nord 2501 This is a twin-boom transport aircraft, similar in layout to the Fairchild {C-119}. The Noratlas proved itself in more than 20 years of service with the air forces of France, Germany and Israel. 425 were built. Type: 2501 Noratlas Function: transport Year: 1950 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 2040hp SNECMA Hercules 730 Wing Span: 32.50m Length: 21.95m Height: 6.00m Wing Area: 101.20m2 Empty Weight: 13075kg Max.Weight: 21000kg Speed: 440km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 2500km Load: 45 seats 8458kg Nord 500 Small experimental VTOL aircraft. The Nord 500 had a short, bulbous fuselage fitted with two enormous ducted fans; all aerofoils were within the airstream of the fans. Nord 1000 (1001, 1002) This was a French-built version of the Messerschmitt {Bf 108} Taifun. The Nord 1001 had a Renault 6Q11 engine instead of the German Argus engine, and the 1002 had a cabin with four seats. About 250 were built, and used as liaison aircraft. Nord 1100 Ramier (1101, 1102) The was the French version of the Messerschmitt {Me 208}, a development of the {Bf 108} Taifun with a retractable tricycle undercarriage. About 200 were built. Type: 1101 Function: liaison Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Renault 6Q10A Wing Span: 15.70m Length: 8.53m Height: 3.25m Wing Area: 17.37m2 Empty Weight: 948kg Max.Weight: 1645kg Speed: 305km/h Ceiling: 5900m Range: 1200km Load: 3 seats Nord 1400 See {N 1400}. Nord 1750 Experimental helicopter, Powered by a 400hp Turbomeca Artouste engine. Nord 2200 Shipboard jet fighter. The 2200 was a clean, but conventional design. It had an elliptical nose intake and a low-set wing with moderate sweep. But the 2200 was heavy and bulky, and the performance was mediocre. Only one was built, without armament and naval equipment. Type: 2200 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2268kg Hispano-Suiza Nene 102 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 13.50m Height: 4.80m Wing Area: 31.6m2 Empty Weight: 4830kg Max.Weight: 9690kg Speed: 815km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*g Nord 2501 See {Noratlas}. Nord 3200 (3202) Piston-engined low-wing trainer. Type: 3202 Function: trainer Year: 1959 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Potez 4D-32 Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Nord 3400 Two-seat high-wing liaison and observation aircraft. 147+ built. 1958. --O--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Omega, Aerospatiale TB31 Turboprop-engined development of the {Epsilon}. The French air force selected the Embraer {Tucano} instead, and the Omega will probably not enter production. Apart from the engine change, the Omega is structurally reinforced, and equipped with ejection seats. Type: Omega Function: trainer Year: 1985 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 268kW Turbomeca Arrius 1-D Wing Span: 7.92m Length: 7.00m Height: 2.68m Wing Area: 9.60m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1500kg Speed: 408km/h Ceiling: Range: Ouragan, Dassault MD-450 This was the first French jet-engined fighter to reach production. The Ouragan was a simple but elegant aircraft with a circular nose intake and straight wings. The thick wing limited performance. Over 450 built. Some saw combat in Israeli service, others were sold to India. Israeli fighters were sold to El Salvador, and used until well into the 1980s. Type: Ouragan Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2270kg Hispano-Suiza/R.R. Nene 104B Wing Span: 13.16m Length: 10.74m Height: 4.14m Wing Area: 23.80m2 Empty Weight: 4142kg Max.Weight: 7900kg Speed: 940km/h Ceiling: 13000m Range: 920km Armament: 4*g20mm 2*454kg --P--------------------------------------------------------------------------- P, Morane-Saulnier The P was a development of the type {L} parasol-wing monoplane. 565 built. There were also two single-seat fighter versions, one with the standard parasol wing and one with the wing lowered to the top of the fuselage. Type: P Function: reconaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 11.20m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 732kg Speed: 156km/h Ceiling: 4876m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 1-2*mg7.7mm Paris, Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Development of the {Fleuret}. The Paris was a twin-jet liaison aircraft. It was a straight-wing aircraft with a T-tail, and engines buried in the wing roots. 156 were built. Type: MS.760 Function: liaison Year: 1958 Crew: Engines: 2 * 400kg Turbomeca Marbore Wing Span: 10.15m Length: Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 18.00m2 Empty Weight: 1945kg Max.Weight: 3470kg Speed: 850km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1500km Armament: Paul Schmitt 7 Large bomber biplane, slow, vulnerable and obsolescent. Retired after a few months of service. Type: 7 Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: Engines: 1 * 265hp Renault Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: PC-7, Pilatus Five were ordered of the Swiss turboprop trainer, for use as chase aircraft. (The Embraer Tucano was selected as trainer.) Pelican, Caudron C.510 Light civil aircraft, impressed in 1939. Type: C.510 Function: liaison / ambulance Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Renault 4Pei Speed: 177km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: Load: 2-3 seats Phalene, Caudron C.400 (410) Military version of the C.280-series Phalene light aircraft, that first flew in 1932. The C.400 was a high-wing cabin monoplane, powered by a 89kW Renault 4Pdi Bengali engine. Forty were bought by the Armee de l'Air, as liaison aircraft, ambulance and VIP transport. The C.410 had a 104kW Renault 4Pei engine. The last were retired in 1960. Type: C.282/8 Phalene (civil version) Function: utility Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 108kW Renault 4Pdi Bengali Wing Span: 11.62m Length: 8.25m Height: 2.05m Wing Area: 25.35m2 Empty Weight: 550kg Max.Weight: 1100kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 850km Load: 3 seats Phanter, Aerospatiale Military designation of the {Dauphin}. PL.2, Levasseur Carrier-borne torpedo bomber, a biplane powered by a 580hp Renault 12Ma engine. It entered service in 1926, but the engine was unreliable. PL.4, Levasseur Shipboard attack biplane for the French Navy. Like shipboard aircraft of the period, it had a boat-shaped fuselage and flotation devices for emergency ditching. PL.5, Levasseur Two-seat biplane fighter for shipboard operations. The PL.5 had a waterthight wooden fuselage, a jettisonable undercarriage, and small floats attached to the wings, all intended for emergency ditching. Four prototypes and 20 series aircraft were built. Type: PL.5 C2b Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich Wing Span: 12.40m Length: 8.80m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 37.00m2 Empty Weight: 1150kg Max.Weight: 1800kg Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: 4*mg7.7mm PL.6, Levasseur Two-seat biplane fighter and reconaissance aircraft. Development when abandoned when the French air force cancelled its requirement for such an aircraft. One built. Type: PL.6 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 12.20m Length: 8.75m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: 1350kg Max.Weight: 2175kg Speed: 215km/h Ceiling: Range: 700km Armament: 4*mg7.7mm PL.7, Levasseur Long-range carrier-based torpedo-bomber. It was a biplane with a watertight fuselage. 41 were built. Some were still in service in 1939, altough they had been replaced by the {Vought 156F}. Type: PL.7 Function: torpedo-bomber Year: 1926 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 600hp Hispano-Suiza 12Lbr Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 2875m Range: 650km Armament: PL.10, Levasseur See {PL.101}. PL.14, Levasseur Torpedo-bomber and reconaissance floatplane. It was derived from the {PL.7}, but had a larger upper wing to support the additional weight of the floats. The PL.14 could also be flown with wheeled landing gear. 30 were built. Type: PL.14 Function: torpedo-bomber / reconaissance Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 650hp Hispano-Suiza 12Nb Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 3250m Range: 960km Armament: PL.15, Levasseur (154) Reconaissance floatplane. The PL.154 was a land-based derivative, intended to replace the {PL.7}, but did not enter production. Type: PL.15 Function: reconaissance Year: 1932 Crew: 2-4 Engines: 1 * 650hp Hispano-Suiza 12Nbr Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 1500km Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 750kg PL.101, Levasseur (10) The PL.10 and the improved PL.101 were carrier-borne reconaissance biplanes. 60 built. Type: PL.101 Function: reconaissance Year: 1929 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 600hp Hispano-Suiza 12Lb Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: 4200m Range: 550km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm PL.151, Levasseur Redesigned {PL.15} with an 'inverted sesquiplane' wing. PL.154, Levasseur {PL.15} with a wheeled undercarriage. PL.200, Levasseur Monoplane seaplane, resembling in appearance the Savoia-Marchetti {S.55}, but single-engined. Type: PL.200 Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 750hp Hispano-Suiza Speed: 241km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: PL.201, Levasseur Improved {PL.200}. Potez XI Two-seat biplane fighter, intended as interceptor, escort fighter and reconnaissance aircraft. The requirement demanded the use of a turbo-supercharger, but the latter was not yet acceptable, due to lack of suitable alloys. No production. Type: XI Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 370hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12D Wing Span: 12.70m Length: 9.08m Height: Wing Area: 46.20m2 Empty Weight: 1350kg Max.Weight: 2000kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm Potez 23 Single-seat fighter, a wooden biplane. It was fundamentally similar to the {Potez 24}. One built. Type: Potez 23 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Db Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 7.60m Height: 3.12m Wing Area: 32.00m2 Empty Weight: 1115kg Max.Weight: 1540kg Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Potez 24 Two-seat army cooperation biplane. It provided the basis of the {Potez 25}. Potez 25 Development of the {Potez 24}. The Potez 25 was a clean biplane. Nearly 4000 were built, as bomber and reconaissance aicraft but also as mailplanes. The Potez 25M was a parasol monoplane version, but did not enter production. Type: 25A.2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich Speed: Ceiling: Range: 500km Armament: Potez 26 This was a single-seat fighter version of the {Potez 25}. The Potez 26 was a wooden sesquiplane. Only one was built. Type: 26 Function: fighter Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ha Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 8.00m Height: 3.15m Wing Area: 32.00m2 Empty Weight: 1100kg Max.Weight: 1550kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Potez 29 Single-engined biplane, used as light transport and ambulance. It was a development of the {Potez 25} with a six-seat cabin. Approx were 150 built, of which 123 ambulance aircraft for the French air force. Type: 29-2 Function: transport Year: 1927 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 5200m Range: 500km Load: 5 seats Potez 31 Two-seat parasol monoplane, developed from the Potez 25M, itself a monoplane version of the {Potez 25} biplane. The Potez 31 was intended as nightfighter and reconnaissance fighter. The two-seat fighter programme was abandoned. One built. Type: 31 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hisano-Suiza 12Mb Wing Span: 14.30m Length: 9.50m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: 1270kg Max.Weight: 2130kg Speed: 242km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 5*mg7.7mm Potez 32 (33) Observation and liaison aircraft, a parasol-wing type with fixed landing gear that used the fuselage of the {Potez 29}. The 32 was the civil version, the 33 the military development. 63 were built of the latter version, 45 of the model 32. Type: 33 Function: observation and liaison Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 230hp Salmson 9Ab Wing Span: 14.50m Length: 10.15m Height: Wing Area: 35m2 Empty Weight: 950kg Max.Weight: 1750kg Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 700km Armament: 1*mg7.7mm b Load: 4 seats Potez 36 Cabin monoplane, a high-wing design with folding wings and leading edge slats. About 300 were built, and some served as liaison aircraft in the French air force. Type: 36 Function: utility Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 45kW Salmson 5Ac Wing Span: 10.45m Length: 7.50m Height: 2.45m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 427kg Max.Weight: 650kg Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 3600m Range: 500km Potez 37 Parasol-wing reconaissance fighter, developed in parallel with the {Potez 39}. It was powered by a 485kW Hispano-Suiza engine. The aft fuselage was a narrow boom, designed to give the aft gunner a wide arc of fire. Three were built. Potez 39 (390, 391) High-wing observation monoplane, of mostly metal construction with corrugated skinning. It was related to the {Potez 37}, but had conventional fuselage. About 250 were built. A small number were still in service at the outbreak of WWII, but they were soon retired from combat roles. Type: 390 A2 Function: observation Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 433kW Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 16.00m Length: 10.00m Height: 3.40m Wing Area: 35m2 Empty Weight: 1492kg Max.Weight: 2650kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 700km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 1*mg7.5mm 120kg Potez 43 (431, 432, 434, 435, 438) Small monoplane, a refinement of the {Potez 36}. 161 were built, including a number of liaison aircraft for the Armee de l'Air. Type: 438 Function: liaison Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120hp Renault 4 Pdi Wing Span: 11.30m Length: 7.65m Height: 2.36m Wing Area: 18m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 840kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 700km Load: 2 seats Potez 54 (540, 541, 542, 543) The type 54 was intended as a multi-role aircraft, required to operate as bomber, reconaissance aircraft and heavy fighter. It was an ugly shoulder-wing aircraft with engines in nacelles under the wing. Over 270 were built. Type: 540 Function: bomber / reconaissance Year: 1934 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 2 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xirs/Xjrs Wing Span: 22.10m Length: 16.20m Height: 3.88m Wing Area: 76m2 Empty Weight: 3785kg Max.Weight: 5950kg Speed: 310km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1200km Armament: 3*mg 1000kg Potez 56 (560, 561, 565, 566, 567, 568) The 56 was designed as a twin-engined business aircraft. It had exceptionally clean lines. The type was used as light transport, trainer and target tug by the French. The 566 was modified to a tactical reconnaissance aircraft with a "bathtub" for an observer under the fuselage; it did not meet requirements but was ordered anyway. There was also a single 56E with a hook for carrier landings. 72 were built. Type: 560 Function: light transport Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 138kW Potez 9Ab Wing Span: 16.00m Length: 11.84m Height: 4.60m Wing Area: 33m2 Empty Weight: 1910kg Max.Weight: 2980kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 650km Load: 6 seats Potez 58 (580, 584, 585, 586) Cabin monoplane, the final development of the {Potez 36} and {Potez 43} series. The Potez 58 still had a high-set foldable wing, with leading edge slats. The French airforce bought 99 Potez 585s. Type: 585 Function: liaison / observation Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 - 97kW Potez 6Ba Wing Span: 11.30m Length: 7.44m Height: 2.36m Wing Area: 19m2 Empty Weight: 515kg Max.Weight: 906kg Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: 750km Load: 2 seats Potez 63 (630, 631, 632, 633, 637, 63.11) Multi-role combat aircraft, a clean twin-engined low-wing monoplane. The 630 and 631 were fighters, the 633 an attack aircraft, and the 63.11 a reconaissance aircraft. The latter type had a new, fully glazed nose. Over 1250 were built. The 63.11 was the most built model, with a production of more than 850. In 1940, the 630s were already being retired from the first line. The others too were close to obsolescence, and proved very vulnerable in 1940. Type: 630 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 725hp Hispano-Suiza 14AB Wing Span: 16.00m Length: 11.07m Height: 3.04m Wing Area: 32.70m2 Empty Weight: 2808kg Max.Weight: Speed: 440km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1225km Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg Type: 63.11 Function: reconaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 552kW Gnome-Rhone 14M04/05 Wing Span: 16.00m Length: 10.93m Height: 3.08m Wing Area: 32.70m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 425km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 1500km Armament: 3-11*mg7.5mm 4*b50kg Potez 65 (650) This was a troop transport version of the Potez 62 airliner, a shoulder-wing aircraft with an elegantly shaped fuselage. 30 were built. Type: 65 Function: transport Year: 1935 Crew: Engines: 2 * Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs Wing Span: 22.45m Length: 17.32m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 76m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: 14 seats Potez 75 Twin-boom, pusher-propeller attack aircraft with fixed landing gear. 1955. Potez 220 The Potez 220 was a twin-engined tactical observation aircraft, with a position for the observer in a bath under the fuselage. The 220 was considered unsuitable for this role because it was too fast (!), converted into a reconnaissance type, and finally abandoned. Potez 230 This was a development of the {ANF-Mureaux 190}. The Potez 230 was an all-metal light fighter monoplane. The armistice halted development. The Germans captured the prototype to examine the integral metal torsion-box of its wing. One built. Type: 230 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 670hp Hispano-Suiza Wing Span: 8.74m Length: 757m Height: 2.18m Wing Area: 10.97m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 560km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm Potez 400 (402, 403) Type: 402 Function: transport / ambulance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 3 * 300hp Lorraine 'Algol' Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: Range: 1140km Load: 8 seats Potez 450 (452, 453) Single-engined flying boat, a catapult-launched shipboard aircraft. 17 built. The 453 was a single-seat flying boat fighter derivative that did not enter production. Type: 452 Function: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 350hp Hispano-Suiza 9Qd Speed: 217km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: Armament: 1*mg7.5mm Type: 453 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 800hp Hispano-Suiza 14Hbs Wing Span: 11.20m Length: 10.20m Height: Wing Area: 19.00m2 Empty Weight: 1534kg Max.Weight: 1937kg Speed: 318km/h Ceiling: Range: 540km Armament: 2*mg7.5mm Potez 540 (54, 541, 542, 543) See {Potez 54}. Potez 650 See {Potez 65}. Potez 670 (671) The Potez 670 was a twin-engined, three-seat fighter, a clean monoplane with an elliptical wing and twin tail fins. Development was halted by the French defeat in 1940. Type: 670 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 800hp Hispano-Suiza 14AB 12/13 Wing Span: 15.10m Length: 10.80m Height: 3.27m Wing Area: 32.50m2 Empty Weight: 3186kg Max.Weight: Speed: 500km/h Ceiling: Range: 2000km Armament: Potez-C.A.M.S. 141 Long-range reconaissance flying boat. The long-span wing was carried on top of a streamlined pylon. Tests were successful, but the outbreak of WWII prevented production. One built. Type: 141 Function: reconaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 9-12 Engines: 1 * 930hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y 26/27 Wing Span: 41m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 5600m Range: 2400km Armament: 6*mg7.5mm 1500kg Provence, Breguet Br 761 (763, 765) The air force ordered 15 of the military Br 765 {Sahara} version of this transport aircraft, but also accepted six Br 763s from Air France. The Provence was a big four-engined transport with a deep, two-deck fuselage and twin tail fins. Type: Br 763 Function: transport Year: 1951 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 1765kW P&W R-2800-CA18 Double Wasp Wing Span: 42.99m Length: 28.94m Height: 9.55m Wing Area: 185.4m2 Empty Weight: 32535kg Max.Weight: 51600kg Speed: 390km/h Ceiling: 7315m Range: 2290km. Load: 107 seats. PS 194X, Paul Schmitt Seaplane. Large orders were cancelled after the 1918 armistice. Type: PS 194X Function: reconaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 3 Engines: * Liberty Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: Range: 3h 45m Armament: 3*mg Puma, Aerospatiale SA 300, 330 Twin-engined medium-size transport and utility helicopter. The Puma is a popular type, in service with the armed forces of 40 countries. It has also been built by the British Westland, and the Rumanian IAR, and the Indonesian IPTN. It has now been replaced on the production lines by the {Super Puma}. About 700 built. Type: SA 330J Puma Function: transport Year: 1973 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1175kW Turbomeca Turmo IVC Rotor Span: Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 258km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 550km Armament: --Q--------------------------------------------------------------------------- --R--------------------------------------------------------------------------- R 1, Rey Elegant twin-engined test aircraft. Two were built. The outer wing panels of the R 1 were articulated at the engine nacelles. This was intended to reduce the effects of turbulence. First flown in 1949. Two 220hp Renault 6G engines. R-2, Romano Observation biplane, a seaplane powered by a 60kW Le Rhone engine. R-3, Romano Development of the R-2 with a 134kW Hispano-Suiza 8Ab engine. 1924. R.4, Caudron Bomber, mostly used as reconaissance aircraft. 249 built. Type: R.4 Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 97kW Renault 12Db Wing Span: 21.10m Length: 11.80m Height: Wing Area: 70m2 Empty Weight: 1710kg Max.Weight: 2330kg Speed: 136km/h Ceiling: 4600m Range: 3h Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 100kg R-4, Romano Development of the {R-3}, powered by a 170kW Salmson 9Ab engine. 1927. R-5, Romano Reconaissance flying boat, an all-metal parasol-wing aircraft. Did not enter production. Type: R-5 Function: reconaissance Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 485kW Hispano-Suiza 12Nbr Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg 200kg R.11, Caudron Twin-engined biplane bomber. The R.11 was smaller and lighter than the {R.4}, but it was not very suitable as a bomber. It was used as an escort aircraft, with considerable success. Type: R.11 Function: bomber Year: 1918 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8B Wing Span: 17.92m Length: 16.97m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 54.25m2 Empty Weight: 1422kg Max.Weight: 2167kg Speed: 183km/h Ceiling: 5950m Range: 3h Armament: 5*mg7.7mm 120kg R.12, Caudron Development of the {R.11} with 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb engines. No further development. 1919. R.14, Caudron Three-seat escort fighter, similar to the {R.11} but more powerful and with increased wing span. Only one was completed, in 1918. Type: R.14 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 63.00m2 Empty Weight: 1747kg Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g37mm 2*mg7.7mm R-16, Romano (160, 162) Designed as a three-seat aircraft for service in the colonies. One built. Type: R-160 Function: utility Year: Crew: Engines: 3 * 224kW Lorraine 9Na Algol Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: R.80, Romano Biplane trainer. After two prototypes, the design was modified to become the {R.82}. R.82, Romano Two-seat trainer developed from the {R.80}. 177 were built, most for the Armee de l'Air and the Aeronavale. Type: R.82 Function: trainer Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 210kW Salmson 9Ab Wing Span: 9.88m Length: 7.82m Height: 3.34m Wing Area: 23.72m2 Empty Weight: 918kg Max.Weight: 1328kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 660km R.83, Romano This was a clandestine land-based development of the {R.90}, intended for the Spanish Republican government. The designation R.83 was applied to create the impression that it was only a development of the {R.82} trainer. The aircraft were assembled in Belgium, and delivered to Spain with a 280hp Salmson engine for the flight. The higher-powered Wasp Junior engine was installed there. Six built. Type: R.83 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W R-985 Wasp Junior Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: R.90, Romano Biplane fighter seaplane, of mixed construction and with a gulled upper wing. Despite extensive changes and re-engining, the R.90 failed to attract orders. However, two land-based developments, the {R.83} and {R.92}, were ordered by Spain. Type: R.90 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Hispano-Suiza 14Hbrs Wing Span: 8.88m Length: 8.67m Height: 3.93m Wing Area: 21.00m2 Empty Weight: 1642kg Max.Weight: Speed: 368km/h Ceiling: Range: 650km Armament: R.92, Romano This was also a development of the {R.90} for the Spanish Republican government. A liquid-cooled Hispano-Suiza engine was installed, and some structural reinforcement done. The R.92 was pretended to be a sports aircraft and tested in secret. One built. Type: R.92 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 900hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs-1 Wing Span: Length: 7.63m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g20mm R.110, Romano The R.110 was a three-seat fighter, originally intended as flying command post for single-seat fighters. Later it was also intended to act as a heavy interceptor. The R.110 had double stepped cockpit, with a cockpit for the aircraft commander above and behind that of the pilot. One built. Type: R.110 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 450hp Renault 12 Ro 2/3 Wing Span: 12.80m Length: 9.66m Height: 3.37m Wing Area: 24.00m2 Empty Weight: 2165kg Max.Weight: Speed: 470km/h Ceiling: Range: 1280km Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg7.5mm R.120, Romano Medium bomber, an all-metal low-wing monoplane. Prototype only. Type: R.120 Function: bomber Year: Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 730kW Hispano-Suiza 14A 08/09 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 520km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g20mm 3*mg R.130, Romano Design for a biplane fighter with retractable landing gear. Not built. Rafale, Dassault-Breguet French next-generation fighter. France decided to developed its own fighter, rejecting the European EFA as too heavy for carrier use and too costly for export. Rafale is also a canarded delta, but has less angular lines than EFA. Extensive use was made of composite materials. Rafale A was the prototype, Rafale B is the two-seat version, Rafale C the single-seater, and Rafale M carrier fighter version. Four prototypes were flying in early 1997. Orders for 272 production aircraft for the French armed forces are expected. Type: Rafale C Function: fighter Year: (1996) Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 7500kg SNECMA M88-2 Wing Span: 10.90m Length: 15.30m Height: 5.34m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 9060kg Max.Weight: 19500kg Speed: M2 Ceiling: 18290m Range: 1853km Armament: 1*g30mm 8000kg Rallye, Socata Low-wing cabin monoplane, built in large numbers for the civilian market, but some are in military service. Rayack 43 Named for the airfield on which it was built and the year of construction, this was a two-seat low-wing monoplane trainer based roughly on the Caudron C.600 {Aiglon}. It was intended to train the Free French air force, but only one was ever completed. Type: Rayack 43 Function: trainer Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 130hp de Havilland Gipsy Major Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Republique, Lebaudy Dirigible, used by the French army on its 1908 manoeuvres. REP Parasol monoplane, built by Robert Esnault Pelterie. Roussel 30 Single-seat lightweight fighter, an all-metal low-wing monoplane. Development was halted by the German attack in 1940. One built. Type: 30 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Gnome-Rhone 14M7 Wing Span: 7.75m Length: Height: Wing Area: 10.00m2 Empty Weight: 1030kg Max.Weight: Speed: 520km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h Armament: 2*g20mm 250kg --S--------------------------------------------------------------------------- S.VII, Spad The Spad S.VII was a clean, very sturdy biplane fighter that finally equipped most French, Italian, American and Belgian fighter units, as well as being sold to many other countries after WWI. It was the most important French fighter of WWI. The S.VII was fast, especially in climb and dive, and a very stable gunnery platform. Over 3500 built. Type: S.VII Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab Wing Span: 7.82m Length: 6.08m Height: 2.20m Wing Area: 17.85m2 Empty Weight: 500kg Max.Weight: 705kg Speed: 212km/h Ceiling: 6650m Range: 1hr 30min Armament: 1*mg7.7mm S.10, SIPA Post-war production in France of the German Arado {Ar 396} monoplane trainer. 28 built. S.11, SIPA Version of the {S.10} powered by the Renault 125 S-12-SO2-3H engine, which was a copy of the German Argus As 411. 50 built. S.XI, Spad Two-seat reconaissance aircraft. The S.XI had a similar but longer fuselage than the {S.VII} and staggered wings. Because of stability and engine problems it was unsuitable as a fighter, and was used as a reconnaissance aircraft. One was built as a night fighter with a searchflight fitted in front of the propellor. Over 1000 built. Type: S.XI Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 235hp Hispano-Suiza 8 Wing Span: 11.21m Length: 7.84m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 30.00m2 Empty Weight: 679kg Max.Weight: 1035kg Speed: 176km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 2h 15m Armament: 2-3*mg 70kg S.12, SIPA All-metal development of the {S.11}. S.XII, Spad This was a development of the {S.VII}, asked for by Guynemer, with a 37mm cannon firing through the hollow propeller shaft. It was a single-shot weapon, so that only very skilled fighter pilots had any hope of hitting something. 300 were ordered, but very few entered service. Type: S.XII Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8CB Wing Span: 8.00m Length: 6.40m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 20.20m2 Empty Weight: 587kg Max.Weight: 883kg Speed: 203km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 45m Armament: 1*g37mm 1*mg7.7mm S.XIII, Spad This fighter was based on the {S.VII}, but it was larger, more refined and far more powerful. The S.XIII was a good gun platform, fast, sturdy and powerful, but it was not easy to fly and the engine was not entirely satisfactory. About 7300 built. Type: S.XIII Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8 Bc Wing Span: 8.25m Length: 6.25m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 20.20m2 Empty Weight: 601kg Max.Weight: 856kg Speed: 218km/h Ceiling: 6550m Range: 1h 40m Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.XIV, Spad Development of the {S.XII} as twin-float seaplane fighter. 40 were built. They were fast but the single-shot 37mm cannon was not an effective weapon. Type: S.XIV Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8Bc Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 7.40m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 26.20m2 Empty Weight: 770kg Max.Weight: 1060kg Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g37mm 1*mg7.7mm S.XV, Spad This fighter was very different from earlier SPAD fighters. It was a small single-seat biplane with a wooden monococque fuselage, powered by a rotary engine. The S.XV was not a success. No production. Type: S.XV Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Gnome Monosoupape Wing Span: 7.10m Length: 5.35m Height: 2.30m Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: 368kg Max.Weight: 625kg Speed: 199km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h 30m Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.XVII, Spad Development of the {S.XIII}. The S.XVII was reinforced and had a roomier fuselage. A 300hp engine was installed. Only 20 were built. Type: S.XVII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 8.08m Length: 6.25m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 640kg Max.Weight: 900kg Speed: 217km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 15m Armament: S.XVIII, Spad The S.XVIII had a monocoque fuselage and I-struts. It was intended for the 37mm cannon firing throught the propeller shaft, and had a 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8G engine. The project was abandoned when the engine ran into devlopment problems. The S.XVIII prototype was completed as the S.XX. S.XX, Spad Redesign of the {S.XVIII} with twin 7.7mm guns and the HS 8Fb engine. It retained the monocoque fuselage and single-bay biplane wings with I-struts. The S.XX had provision for two crew members, but was intended to be flown as a single-seater in combat, similar to the tactics adopted by the British Bristol {F.2}B 'Brisfit'. Large orders were placed, but production was cut short by the end of WWI at 95 built. The S.XX then became a succesfull racing aircraft. Type: S.XX Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 9.72m Length: 7.3m Height: 2.8m Wing Area: 30m2 Empty Weight: 867kg Max.Weight: 1306kg Speed: 229km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 400km Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm S.XXI, Spad This fighter was similar to the {S.XVII}, but with small changes to the wings. Most important, it had ailerons on all four wings. No production. Type: S.XXI Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 8.44m Length: 6.40m Height: 2.42m Wing Area: 23.50m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 221km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 40m Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.XXII, Spad The {S.VII} and its developments had restricted vision from the cockpit. The S.XII was an attempt to cure this by using a sweptback upper wing and a forward swept lower wing, so that the trailing edge of the upper wing was ahead of the cockpit instead of over it, and the leading edge of the lower wing only just before the cockpit. No production. Type: S.XXII Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 8.08m Length: 6.25m Height: Wing Area: 20.20m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.XXIV, Spad Essentially a wheeled version of the {S.XIV}, intended as a carrier-based fighter. It was abandoned because, in 1918, the basic aircraft was already outdated. Type: S.XXIV Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8Bc Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 6.48m Height: 2.56m Wing Area: 26.20m2 Empty Weight: 650kg Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: S.31, Spad This was two-seat fighter floatplane, based on the {S.XX}. One built, sold to Japan in 1921. S.34, Bleriot-SPAD Biplane trainer, powered by a 80hp Le Rhone rotary engine. 150 were built. 1920. S.41, Bleriot-SPAD Single-seat derivative of the SPAD {S.XX}. The S.41 had a bulky, rotund fuselage of wooden monococque fuselage. The S.41 was not ordered, because of disappointing performance. One built. Type: S.41 Function: fighter Year: 1922 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 8.68m Length: 6.65m Height: 2.76m Wing Area: 26.40m2 Empty Weight: 887kg Max.Weight: 1307kg Speed: 238km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: S.51, Bleriot-SPAD Biplane fighter, in many aspects similar to the {S.41}, but powered by a radial engine. Small numbers were built, including 51 for Turkey and one for the USSR. 64 built. Type: S.51 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Gnome-Rhone Jupiter IV Wing Span: 8.47m Length: 6.45m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 24.27m2 Empty Weight: 990kg Max.Weight: 1360kg Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.60, Bleriot-SPAD Two-seat biplane fighter. Abandoned in favour of the {S.70}. Type: S.60 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter 9Ab Wing Span: 11.30m Length: 6.88m Height: 3.21m Wing Area: 36.60m2 Empty Weight: 1224kg Max.Weight: 1803kg Speed: 209km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm S.61, Bleriot-SPAD Biplane fighter. As earlier SPAD fighters, the S.61 had a wooden monococque fuselage, but it was a new design. Poland ordered 250 and license-built 30 more, Romania ordered 100. There was also a series of experimental versions, but these were not ordered. Type: S.61-2 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich LO 12Ew Wing Span: 9.57m Length: 6.98m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 29.30m2 Empty Weight: 1055kg Max.Weight: 1565kg Speed: 227km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.70, Bleriot-SPAD Two-seat biplane fighter, a modification of the second and third prototypes of the {S.60}. Performance was still disappointing. Two built. Type: S.70 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich Wing Span: 11.30m Length: 7.50m Height: 3.21m Wing Area: 36.60m2 Empty Weight: 1331kg Max.Weight: 1893kg Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: S.71, Bleriot-SPAD Single-seat derivative of the SPAD {S.XX}, designed for Spain. It was not ordered. Type: S.71 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 9.72m Length: 7.30m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 30.0m2 Empty Weight: 867kg Max.Weight: 1306kg Speed: 237km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.81, Spad Biplane fighter, of typical SPAD construction with a wooden monocoque fuselage and metal wings. 80 built for the Armee de l'Air, plus four prototypes. Type: S.81 Function: fightyer Year: 1924 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 9.61m Length: 6.40m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 30.00m2 Empty Weight: 846kg Max.Weight: 1266kg Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: Range: 500km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.91, Bleriot-SPAD Lightweight biplane fighter, an idea which was later abandoned by the French air force. Development nevertheless continued, and the last prototype had shortened upper wings. Three built. Type: S.91-1 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 8.65m Length: 6.52m Height: 2.94m Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 1161kg Max.Weight: 1465kg Speed: 278km/h Ceiling: Range: 400km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm S.111, SIPA Upgraded {S.11}. S.121, SIPA Upgraded {S.12}. S.510, Spad The last French biplane fighter, that served in small numbers in Spain and briefly during the beginning of WWII. The S.510 was a relatively clean biplane, but had fixed landing gear and an open cockpit. Fuel system and undercarriage were weak. It was relegated to second-line service on the outbreak of WWII. 61 built. Type: S.510 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs Wing Span: 8.84m Length: 7.46m Height: 3.41m Wing Area: 22m2 Empty Weight: 1250kg Max.Weight: 1677kg Speed: 372km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: 875km Armament: 4*mg7.5mm S.710, Spad Last Spad fighter, an all-metal single-seat biplane. The S.710 featured a closed cockpit and retractable landing gear, but despite these advanced features it was clearly obsolete. Only one built. Type: S.710 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs Wing Span: 8.84m Length: 6.50m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 22.0m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 470km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g20mm 5*mg7.5mm S.1100, SIPA The S.1100 was a twin-engined attack aircraft, apparently designed for a COIN-role in Algeria. It had excellent flying characteristics, but a modest performance. Characteristic was the extensive transparent panelling of the bulged nose. Two were built. Type: S.1100 Function: attack Year: 1958 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * P&W Wasp Wing Span: 14.78m Length: 11.29m Height: 3.70m Wing Area: 42.08m2 Empty Weight: 4000kg Max.Weight: 6200kg Speed: 380km/h Ceiling: Range: 2000km Armament: SA.1, Spad One proposed solution for the fitting of a forward-firing gun to a tractor aircraft was fitting a nacelle for the gunner in front of the propellor. This was not a very good idea: Communication between pilot and gunner was nearly impossible, and the gunner was in danger of being hit by the propellor or crushed by the engine if the aircraft nosed over during landing. Otherwise the SA.1 was a conventional biplane. Very few were built. Type: SA.1 Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 9.55m Length: 7.29m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 25.36m2 Empty Weight: 421kg Max.Weight: 708kg Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h 45m Armament: 1*mg7.7mm SA.2, Spad Reengined development of the {SA.1}, with an identical gun pulpit installation. About 100 were built, but over half were delivered to Russia and the rest did not see much use. Type: SA.2 Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 9.55m Length: 7.85m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 25.36m2 Empty Weight: 414kg Max.Weight: 674kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.0hrs Armament: 1*mg7.7mm SA.3, Spad The SA.3 was of identical concept as the {SA.1} and {SA.2}, with a gunner in a small nacelle fitted in front of the propellor. But the pilot was now also provided with a gun on a flexible mounting, and the SA.3 could be piloted from either cockpit! One built. Type: SA.3 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm SA.4, Spad Russia had bought more than half of the {SA.2}s, and despite the bad concept and obsolence of the type, the SA.4 was developed for Russia. Only 10 were built. Type: SA.4 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone Wing Span: 9.55m Length: 7.85m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 154km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs Armament: 1*mg7.7mm SAB 1 Single-seat fighter biplane. The SAB 1 was designed by Louis Bechereau, the designer of the SPAD fighters. It was a rather corpulent aircraft, with a ring-shaped radiator for its liquid- cooled Hispano-Suiza engine. The Nieuport {NiD-29} was preferred. Five built. Type: 1 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 9.30m Length: 6.90m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 28.90m2 Empty Weight: 783kg Max.Weight: 1122kg Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Sahara, Breguet Br 765 Military version of the Breguet Br.761/763 {Provence}, a four-engined transport aircraft with a deep, two-deck fuselage. 15 built. Salmson 2 Fast, well-armed and sturdy reconaissance biplane, the best French reconaissance aircraft of WWI. It was also used as bomber and attack aircraft. Over 3200 were built, including 705 for the USA. Type: 2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Salmson Wing Span: 11.80m Length: 8.50m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 1340kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 6250m Range: 3hrs Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm Salmson 3 Single-seat fighter biplane, powered by the Salmson water-cooled radial engine. It was not accepted by the air force, because visibility was bad and it was fatiguing to fly. Development continued until the end of the war, with the installation of more powerful engined. Type: Salmson 3 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 230hp Salmson 9Za Wing Span: 9.85m Length: 6.40m Height: 2.48m Wing Area: 23.94m2 Empty Weight: 697kg Max.Weight: 1027kg Speed: 215km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Salmson-Bechereau 5 Two-seat fighter, a shoulder-wing monoplane with a lot of very robust struts. Handling was unsatisfactory and the type was redesigned, becoming the {Salmson-Bechereau 6}. Type: 5 Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 520hp Salmson 18Cmb Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 10.00m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: 1385kg Max.Weight: Speed: 223km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: 4*mg7.7mm Salmson-Bechereau 6 Modified {Salmson-Bechereau 5}. Performance was insufficient; no production. Type: 6 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 520hp Salmson 18Cmb Wing Span: 14.60m Length: 9.70m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 35.00m2 Empty Weight: 1558kg Max.Weight: Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Salmson-Bechereau 7 Project for a navalized version of the {Salmson-Bechereau 6}. Not built. SB2C Helldiver, Curtiss The Curtiss {SB2C} was an US-built dive bomber. It was used by the French in the war in Indochina. SBC, Curtiss CW 77F The Curtiss {SBC} was a biplane dive-bomber. They were delivered just before the defeat of 1940, and they were subsequently dumped and let to rot in the French West Indies. SCAN 20 Small flying boat, intended for training. It was a shoulder-wing aircraft with a pusher engine on top of the fuselage, and twin tailfins. First flight was postponed by WWII to 1945. 23 were delivered to the Aeronavale. Type: 20 Function: trainer Year: 1945 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 208kW Salmson 8.AS.00 Wing Span: 15.00m Length: 11.95m Height: 3.62m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 1805kg Max.Weight: 2500kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 600km Load: 2 seats S.E.A. 4 Two-seat fighter-reconaissance aircraft, an angular two-bay biplane. 1000 were ordered, but the end of WWI cut production back to 115 plus 25 passenger aircraft conversions. Type: 4 Function: reconaissance / fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 370hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Da Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 8.50m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 37.50m2 Empty Weight: 1002kg Max.Weight: 1543kg Speed: 206km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h 15m Armament: SE 100, Sud-Est (101, 102) Twin-engined fighter, intended as a replacement for the {Potez 63}1. The SE 100 had a relatively short and deep, but well streamlined fuselage, that allowed for a rear gunner to sit at the leading edge of the low-set tailplane. The base of the twin tailfins contained retractable wheels, that were combined with a single nose wheel. An armament of seven 20mm cannon was planned for the second prototype, but this was not completed due to the defeat of 1940. The proposed SE 101 and SE 102 would have had different engines. Type: SE 100 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 2 * 1030hp Gnome-Rhone 14N Wing Span: 15.70m Length: 11.80m Height: 4.28m Wing Area: 33.06m2 Empty Weight: 5520kg Max.Weight: 7500kg Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: Range: 1300km Armament: 5*g20mm SE.200 Amphitre, SNCASE Large flying boat, designed for the transatlantic route. The SE 200 had a deep fuselage, six radial engines, twin tailfins, and fixed stabilising floats. The prototype was completed during the occupation, and confiscated by the Germans. It was destroyed by the RAF in 1944. After the war, two more were built, but large flying boats had become obsolete. The prototypes did serve as testbeds. Type: SE.200 Nr.3 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 6 * Gnome-Rhone 14R Wing Span: 52.20m Length: 40.15m Height: 10.72m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 35518kg Max.Weight: 70500kg Speed: 322km/h @ 1500m Ceiling: Range: Load: SE 201 Aquilon, Sud-Est (202, 203, 204) See {Aquilon}. SE 212 Durandal, Sud-Est See {Durandal}. SE 530 Mistral, Sud-Est (532, 535) See {Mistral}. SE 700, Sud-Est Compound helicopter or autogiro. The SE.700 had a streamlined aircraft-like fuselage, with a tractor propellor and a rotor. Type: SE 700 Function: experimental Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 350hp Bearn 6 DO 5 Speed: 165mph Ceiling: Range: 410mls SE 1010, Sud-Est Four-engined high-altitude photography aircraft. The prototype was lost when it entered a flat spin. Type: SE 1010 Function: photo-recce Year: 1948 Crew: Engines: 4 * Speed: Ceiling: 10000m Range: 6000km Armament: SE 1800, SNCASE Design for a jet-engined tailless aircraft, capable of flying at 1000km/h. Not built. SE 2100, SNCASE Small tailless research aircraft, powered by a 140hp Renault 4Pei Bengali pusher engine. The SE 2100 was designed during WWII and first flown in 1945. SE 2410 Grognard, Sud-Est See {Grognard}. SE 3000, Sud-Est Improved version of the German Focke-Achelis {Fa 223} Drache twin-rotor transport helicopter. Remained experimental. SE 3100, Sud-Est Design for a twin-engined transport helicopter. The SE 3100 was a goodlooking design, with a deep fuselage, a large three- bladed main rotor and twin tail rotors. This very ambitious project was canceled in 1948 because its estimated payload was too low. SE 3101, Sud-Est Experimental helicopter. The SE 3101 was little more than an open, tubular frame with an engine and a seat for the pilot. Like the {SE 3100} for which it was a systems demonstration vehicle, it had a single main rotor (taken from the German {Fa 61}) and twin, angled tail rotors. Its performance was very modest. One built. Type: SE 3101 Function: experimental Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 90hp Mathis 4G20 Rotor Span: 7.50m Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: 420kg Max.Weight: Speed: 120km/h Ceiling: 3100m Range: 80km Armament: SE 3110, Sud-Est Experimental helicopter. The SE-3110 had an egg-shaped fuselage and a slender tail boom. Like the {SE 3101} it had twin, angled tail rotors. The SE 3110 only flew a few centimeters above the ground before it crashed. One built. Type: SE 3110 Function: experimental Year: 1950 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Salmson 9Nh Rotor Span: 12.00m Length: Height: Disc Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: SE 3120 Alouette, Sud-Est This was an "agricultural" development of the {SE 3110}, with a much simpler steel tube fuselage and a single tail rotor. See {Alouette}. SE 5000 Baroudeur, Sud-Est (5003) See {Baroudeur}. SFAN 11 The SFAN 11 was a two-seat high-wing observation and liaison aircraft, first flown in 1940. Test flying was interrupted and halted by the German occupation. One built. Type: SFAN 11 L2 Function: observation / liaison Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220hp Renault 6Q Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: SG.1, Spad This single-seat fighter was a conceptual development of the {SA.1} series. It was still a tractor biplane with a large nacelle in front of the propellor, but there was no gunner in it. The nacelle contained a fixed, remotely-controlled gun and 1000 rounds of ammunition. One built. Type: SG.1 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 18.58m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 161km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: SH.1, Spad Renamed {S.VII}. S.I.M.B. See Bernard. Simoun, Caudron-Renault C.630 (631, 633, 634, 635) A small-low wing sports aircraft with fixed landing gear. The Simoun made itself well known by long-distance flights. 129 were built for the military and 70 for civil customers. Type: C.635M Simoun Function: utility / liaison / trainer Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Renault Bengali 6Q-09 Wing Span: 10.40m Length: 9.10m Height: 2.30m Wing Area: 16m2 Empty Weight: 755kg Max.Weight: 1380kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1500km Load: 150kg, 3 seats Skymaster, Reims-Cessna FTB-337 Reims license-builds Cessna aircraft. A military version of the Cessna 337, in US military service known as the {O-2}, was also developed. S.M.1, Salmson-Moineau Reconaissance biplane. The engine was buried in the fuselage, and long shafts were used to drive two propellors between the wings. Production is not known accurately; serials up to 124 have been assigned. Its service life was brief. About 50 were offered to Britain, but the RFC refused them. Type: S.M.1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 160hp Salmson P.9 Wing Span: 17.48m Length: 10m Height: 3.80m Wing Area: 70m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2050kg Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: SO 6020 Espadon, Sud-Ouest (6025) See {Espadon}. SO 4000, Sud-Ouest Bomber program, a clean aircraft with two engines inside its fuselage and a wing of moderate sweep. One built, and flown once. SO 4050 Vautour, See {Vautour}. SO 8000 Narval, Sud-Ouest See {Narval}. SO 9000 Trident, Sud-Ouest (9050) See {Trident}. SO M.1, Sud-Ouest Glider, aerodynamic prototype for the {SO 4000}. SO M.2, Sud Ouest Aerodynamic prototype for the {SO 4000}. The first French aircraft to exceed 1000km/h. Type: SO M.2 Function: experimental Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1587kg R.R. Derwent 5 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: SPCA 30 Design for a 'multiplace de combat' for bombing, reconaissance and escort tasks. The {Amiot 140} design was selected. S.R.A.P. 2 See {Salmson-Bechereau 6}. Super Etendard, Dassault This is a development of the {Etendard} IVM, reengined and with many changes in structure and equipment. The Super Etendard is a shipboard attack aircraft. The French Aeronavale bought 71; fourteen were sold to Argentina and five were loaned to Iraq. The Argentinian and Iraqi aircraft saw combat and proved effective in combination with the Exocet missile. In French service, the Super Etendard can carry nuclear weapons. Type: Super Etendard Function: attack Year: 1978 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 49.03kN SNECMA Atar 8K-50 Wing Span: 9.60m Length: 14.31m Height: 3.86m Wing Area: 28.40m2 Empty Weight: 6460kg Max.Weight: 11500kg Speed: 1380km/h Ceiling: 13700m Range: Armament: 2*g30mm 2100kg Super Frelon, Aerospatila SA 321 Medium-weight transport, ASW and SAR helicopter. 99 built. Type: SA 321G Super Frelon Function: ASW Year: Crew: Engines: 3 * 1270kW Turbomeca Turmo IIIC6 Speed: 248km/h Ceiling: 3100m Range: 4h Armament: Super Magister, Aerospatiale CM 1070 Development of the Fouga {Magister}. 1962. Super Mystere, Dassault The Super Mystere began life as a development of the {Mystere IV} but became an entirely different aircraft, easily recognizable by the oval nose intake. It was the first series-built West-European fighter that was supersonic in horizontal flight. About 180 built, of which 24 for Israel, which used them in the 1968 Six-Day War and the 1973 Yom Kippur War. In 1969 Israel installed Pratt & Whitney J52 engines in most of its Super Mysteres; the J52 did not have afterburning, buut its dry trust was almost the afterburning trust of the Atar, and it was lighter and more efficient. Type: Super Mystere B2 Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4460kg SNECMA atar 101G Wing Span: 10.52m Length: 14.13m Height: 4.55m Wing Area: 35m2 Empty Weight: 6932kg Max.Weight: 10000kg Speed: 1200km/h Ceiling: 17000m Range: 870km Armament: 2*g30mm 908kg Super Puma, Aerospatiale AS 332 / AS 532 Development of the {Puma} medium-size transport helicopter. The main rotor, tail boom, and engines are new. Because of the increased engine power, a lenghtened version was also offered. Type: AS 332B Function: transport Year: 1980 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1327kW Turbomeca Makila 1A Rotor Span: 15.60m Length: Height: 4.92m Disc Area: 191.13m2 Empty Weight: 4200kg Max.Weight: 9000kg Speed: 278km/h Ceiling: 4600m Range: 620km Load: 2834kg, 21 seats SV 4, Stampe-Vertongen Biplane trainer of Belgian design, obviously inspired by the De Havilland {Moth}. The SV 4 enjoyed such reputation as trainer and aerobatic aircraft, that production was resumed in the late 40's, when a French company built 700 for the Armee de l'Air and flying clubs. Type: SV 4B Function: trainer Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 125hp De Havilland Gipsy Major I Wing Span: 8.40m Length: 6.50m Height: 2.60m Wing Area: 19m2 Empty Weight: 440kg Max.Weight: 780kg Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: 5200m Range: 420km Sylphe, Fouga Experimental trainer. It was a modified C.M.8 saiplane, powered by a 110kg Turbomeca Pimene jet engine. --T--------------------------------------------------------------------------- T, Morane-Saulnier Twin-engined reconaissance aircraft. About 100 built. Type: T Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 80hp Le Rhone Speed: 137km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Taon, Breguet 1001 (1002, 1003) The Taon was designed for the NATO competition for a light fighter-bomber that was eventually won by the Fiat {G.91}. A swept-wing jet aircraft with clean lines, and an unusual intake design with large fairings under the intakes, to avoid FOD. Two built. Type: 1001-2 Taon Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2200kg Bristol Orpheus BrOr.3 Wing Span: 6.80m Length: 11.68m Height: 3.70m Wing Area:14.50m2 Empty Weight: 3425kg Max.Weight: 5560kg Speed: 1194km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg12.7mm Taon, Breguet 1100 Twin-engined jet fighter, developed in parallel with the Taon 1001, for the French air force. Only one built. One built. Type: Taon 1100 Function: fighter Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1500kg Turbomeca Gabizo Wing Span: 7.83m Length: 12.52m Height: 4.35m Wing Area: 19.52m2 Empty Weight: 3793kg Max.Weight: 6545kg Speed: 1128km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 15*r68mm TBM 700, Socata Six-seven seat light transport. Six ordered to replace the MS.760 {Paris}. Tellier 200ch Three-seat biplane flying boat, powered by a single pusher engine. There was also a version armed with a 47mm cannon. Type: 200ch HS Function: patrol Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 200hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ba Wing Span: 15.60m Length: 11.83m Height: 3.60m Wing Area: 47m2 Empty Weight: 1150kg Max.Weight: 1796kg Speed: 135km/h at SL Ceiling: Range: 4h 30min Armament: 560kg Tiger, Eurocopter The French-German Tiger was designed as anti-tank and attack helicopter to replace both the French {Gazelle} and the German {Bo 105}. The Tiger has the traditional tandem-seat arrangment of such types, with mast-mounted or roof-mounted sighting systems. Service entry is now expected in 2002, after considerable delay. Type: Tiger Function: attack Year: (2002) Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 958kW MTU/R.R./Turbomeca MTR 390 Rotor Span: 13.00m Length: Height: 3.81m Disc Area: 132.7m2 Empty Weight: 3300kg Max.Weight: 5800kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: 2hrs 50min Armament: Trident, Sud-Ouest SO 9000 (9050) The Trident had a small straight wing, with jet engines fitted to the wingtips, and a rocket engine in the tail. It was intended as an interceptor, with one very big AAM under the fuselage. The Trident had exceptional performance. The SO 9050 Trident II was redesigned to cure some faults, and after two prototypes of the latter six pre-production aircraft were ordered. But in 1958 the programme was cancelled. Eight built. Type: SO 9050 Trident II Function: fighter Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1100kg Turbomeca Gabizo 1 * 3000kg SEPR 631 Wing Span: 6.95m Length: 13.26m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 14.50m2 Empty Weight: 2910kg Max.Weight: 5900kg Speed: M1.95 Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*msl Triton, Sud-Ouest SO 6000 Small jet trainer. The Triton had site-by-side seating in the front fuselage and straight wings. The jet intakes were ducts fitted above the wing leading edge. Development began in 1943, while France was still occupied! Five built Type: Triton Function: trainer Year: 1948 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2200kg R.R. Nene 101 Speed: Ceiling: Range: TT, Deperdussin Military version of the famous monocoque racing aircraft. It was soon replaced, because no spare parts were available after the bankrupcy of Deperdussin. Type: TT Function: reconaissance Year: 1914 Crew: Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Speed: 114km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Tucano, Embraer EMB-312 Brazilian turboprop trainer. 50 were bought to replace the {Magister}. --U--------------------------------------------------------------------------- --V--------------------------------------------------------------------------- V, Morane-Saulnier The V was a larger development of the Morane-Saulnier {N}. It was developed in parallel with the type {I}. The V, like the I, had been ordered by the RFC and Russia, but the aircraft was very unpopular and few were built. Type: V Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J Wing Span: 8.75m Length: 5.81m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Vanneau, Morane-Saulnier MS.470 (472, 474, 475) All-metal, low-wing monoplane trainer, designed during the Vichy regime as advanced trainer. Series production began in 1946. The MS.470 prototype had a Gnome-Rhone 14M radial, but production MS.472s had the Hispano-Suiza 12X. Later the MS.474, suitable for carrier operations, was introduced. The last model, the MS.475, appeared in 1950. Total production was 500. Type: MS.475 Vanneau IV Function: trainer Year: 1950 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 540kW Hispano-Suiza 12Y45 Wing Span: 10.95m Length: 9.05m Height: 3.62m Wing Area: 17.30m2 Empty Weight: 2351kg Max.Weight: 3125kg Speed: 445km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 1500km Vautour, Sud-Ouest SO 4050 The Vautour was a twin-engined jet with a big but streamlined fuselage, swept wings and two jet engines in pods under the wings. It was built both as all-weather fighter and a bomber. Thirty Vautours, including 18 A-models, 8 N-models and 4 B(R) modes, were delivered to Israel, that used them in the Six-day war. The Israelis reconfigured the the IIN all-weather fighter as attack aircraft, carrying 1000kg of bombs externally. 140 built. Type: Vautour IIA Function: attack Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 3500kg SNECMA Atart 101E Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 1102km/h Ceiling: 15000m Range: 5900km Armament: 4*g30mm, 2400kg Type: Vautour IIB Function: bomber Year: 1954 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 3500kg SNECMA Atar 101E Speed: 1102km/h Ceiling: 15000m Range: 2575km Armament: 2400kg Type: Vautour IIN Function: fighter/attack Year: 1954 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 3500kg Atar 101E-3 Wing Span: 15.10m Length: 17.30m Height: 5.10m Wing Area: 45.00m2 Empty Weight: 10500kg Max.Weight: 20700kg Speed: 1160km/h Ceiling: 15000m Range: 5000km Armament: 4*g30mm 104*r68mm or 2-4 missiles VB-10, Arsenal The innovative VB-10 used two engines, one in the nose and one behind the pilot. Contra-rotating co-axial propellers were fitted to the nose. Production began in 1947, when the VB-10 was already becoming obsolete, so it was cancelled after the completion of four, plus two prototypes. Type: VB-10 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1150hp Hispano-Suiza HS 12Z Wing Span: 15.49m Length: 12.98m Height: 5.20m Wing Area: 35.50m2 Empty Weight: 6230kg Max.Weight: 8860kg Speed: 700km/h Ceiling: Range: 1700km Armament: 4*g20mm VG 30, Arsenal (30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39) Light fighter of wooden construction. The production model was the VG 33, which had better performance than the {MS 406}. Over 150 had been built in June 1940, but only a dozen were airworthy; the French industry had again failed to deliver the equipment. The VG 34, 35 and 36 were prototypes with more powerful engines; the VG 39bis would have been a production model with a 1600hp Hispano-Suiza 12Z engine. But these plans came to nothing. Type: VG 33 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y31 Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 8.55m Height: 3.31m Wing Area: 14.00m2 Empty Weight: 2050kg Max.Weight: 2656kg Speed: 590km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 1200km Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm VG 70, Arsenal The VG 70 was inspired by the German {DFS 346} rocket aircraft. The VG 70 had a jet engine, the Junkers Jumo 004 which was also of German origin, and which was fed by a ventral air intake. It had swept wings and tail surfaces, and a very clean fuselage. Rather underpowered, the VG 70 remained experimental. VG 80, Arsenal Design for an improved {VG 70}, powered by a 1700kg Rolls-Royce Nene jet engine. It was abandoned in favour of the {VG 90}. VG 90, Arsenal The VG 90 was a shipboard jet fighter design, derived from the {VG 70} and {VG 80}. The jet intake was moved from the ventral position to under the wing roots, and the wing sweep was reduced to enhance low-speed handling. Like the VG 70, the VG 90 was sleek and clean, but it was rather large for its engine. Both prototypes were lost in fatal crashes. The VG 90 was cancelled. Type: VG 90 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2270kg Rolls-Royce Nene Wing Span: 12.60m Length: 13.44m Height: 3.55m Wing Area: 30.7m2 Empty Weight: 5555kg Max.Weight: 8200kg Speed: 915km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 1550km Armament: (3*g30mm 2*b500kg) Villiers II Shipboard fighter. The Villiers II was a biplane with a watertight, boat-shaped hull for emergency landings. 30 were built, but there is no record that any ever operated from the first French carrier, the Bearn. Type: II Function: fighter Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb Wing Span: 13.00m Length: 9.50m Height: 3.96m Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: 1260kg Max.Weight: 1900kg Speed: 217km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.0hrs Armament: 4*mg7.7mm Villiers V Two-seat biplane night fighter, a wooden aircraft with a monocoque fuselage. Performance was not sufficient to warrant production. One built. Type: V Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 8.75m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 40.00m2 Empty Weight: 1274kg Max.Weight: Speed: 224km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: Armament: 4*mg7.7mm Villiers VIII Single-seat shipboard fighter. The VIII was a parasol monoplane, with a boat-shaped fuselage and small stabilising floats for emergency ditching. One built. Type: VIII Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 11.72m Length: 8.39m Height: 2.78m Wing Area: 27.80m2 Empty Weight: 1115kg Max.Weight: Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Villiers 10 Two-seat floatplane fighter. A sesquiplane with a clean monocoque fuselage. 1926. Villiers XXIV Development of the {Villiers V} with longer-span wings, fitted with Handley-Page slots and flaps. These were intended to make night landings easier, for the XXIV was a nightfighter. The nightfighter programme was abandoned. One built. Type: XXIV Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb Wing Span: 13.00m Length: 8.75m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 42.00m2 Empty Weight: 1469kg Max.Weight: Speed: 212km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.0hrs Armament: 4*mg7.7mm Voisin 1 Voisin built a long series (1 to 10) of pusher biplanes with four-wheel landing gear and streamlined nacelles. They were in use throughout WWI, and over 3500 were built. The Voisin 1 was the first aircraft to shoot down another, a German Aviatik biplane on 5 oktober 1914, but they were used mostly as bombers. The machine gun of Voisin 1 was replaced by 37mm or 47mm cannon in later versions. Voisin 3 Development of the {Voisin 1}. Type: Voisin 3 Function: bomber Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120hp Canton-Unne Speed: 113km/h Ceiling: 3350m Range: 200km Armament: 1*mg 55kg Voisin 5 Development of the {Voisin 1} series. Voisin 8 Development of the {Voisin 1} series. The engine was unreliable, and it was replaced, creating the {Voisin 10}. Type: Voisin Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220hp Peugot 8 Speed: 132km/h Ceiling: 4300m Range: Armament: 1-2*mg 180kg Voisin 10 Last of the Voisin pusher biplanes. Development of the {Voisin 8} with a 300hp Renault engine. Vought 156F Version of the U.S. {SB2U} dive-bomber for the French Navy. The Vought dive bombers were delivered with wing-mounted dive brakes (absent from US aircraft) but without bomb crutches. In 1940 they operated from land bases. Little was achieved, because of unsatisfactory conditions and poor operational practices. Vultur, Breguet Br 462 Five-seat monoplane bomber. Type: Br 462 Function: bomber Year: Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 940hp Gnome6rhone Speed: 402km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Vultur, Breguet Br 960 Prototype of the {Alize}. The Vultur was an attack aircraft with mixed propulsion; the jet engine in the tail was removed in the development to Alize. Type: Br 960 Vultur Function: attack Year: 1951 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1200hp Armstrong Siddeley Mamba 1 * 2270kg R.R.-Hispano Nene Speed: 900km/h Ceiling: Range: 9h Armament: --W--------------------------------------------------------------------------- W-1, Weymann Unconvential single-seat biplane fighter, which made two test flights in 1915. The W-1 was of pusher configuration, with the propeller at the extreme tail, and a rotary engine buried amidships. Cooling problems caused its abandon. Type: W-1 Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Clerget Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: 23.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Wib 1, Wibault Single-seat fighter, a single-bay biplane of metal construction. It was light and aerodynamically clean, and achieved a good performance. But the more powerful Nieuport {NiD-29} was preferred. One built. Type: Wib 1 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8B Wing Span: 7.80m Length: 6.30m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 21.85m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 896kg Speed: 237km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Wib 3, Wibault All-metal parasol monoplane, intended as high-altitude fighter with a turbosupercharged engine. But the turbosupercharger development stalled, and the Wib 3 was abandoned. One built. Type: Wib 3 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb Wing Span: 11.72m Length: 8.20m Height: 3.04m Wing Area: 25.00m2 Empty Weight: 994kg Max.Weight: Speed: 241km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 3.0hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Wib 7, Wibault (71, 72, 73, 74) Parasol-wing fighter, an all-metal aircraft with corrugated skinning. The Wib 7 entered service in 1927 despite being not highly classified in the preceding trials. It was a high-altitude interceptor with an excellent rate of climb. The Wib 71 became the {Wib 9}. The Wib 72 was a strengtened Wib 7. The Wib 73 had a Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb engine and was built for Poland. The 74 was a shipboard version. Type: Wib 7 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ac Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 7.45m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 22.00m2 Empty Weight: 827kg Max.Weight: Speed: 227km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Type: Wib 72 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 12 Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter 9 Ac Speed: 222km/h Ceiling: 27900ft Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Wib 8 Simoun, Wibault Two-seat parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The requirement was cancelled because none of the offered aircraft had an acceptable performance. One built. Type: Wib 8 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 12.63m Length: 8.95m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 29.60m2 Empty Weight: 1233kg Max.Weight: Speed: 236km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 6*mg7.7mm Wib 9, Wibault Essentially a reengined {Wib 7}, initially known as Wib 71. One built. Type: Wib 9 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400hp Hispano-Suiza 12Jb Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 8.20m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 22.00m2 Empty Weight: 917kg Max.Weight: Speed: 243km/h Ceiling: 7100m Range: Armament: Wib 12 Sirocco, Wibault (121, 122, 124, 125) Parasol-wing, two-seat fighter. The Wib 12 was configurationally similar to the {Wib 8}, but was stronger and lighter. The second prototype was the Wib 121, equipped as a reconnaissance fighter, the third was the Vickers-built Wib 122, powered by a Napier Lion engine. Later the Wib 124 and Wib 125 army-cooperation aircraft followed. But the type did never enter production. Type: Wib 121 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 12.66m Length: 9.44m Height: 3.15m Wing Area: 29.63m2 Empty Weight: 1212kg Max.Weight: Speed: 242km/h Ceiling: 6200m Range: Armament: 6*mg7.7mm Wib 13 Trombe, Wibault (130) Parasol-wing monoplane, a lightweight single-seat fighter built for the so-called 'Jockey' programme. The Wib 13 was sturdy and agile, but needed a more powerful engine. Development produced the {Wib 170}. One built. Type: Wib 13 Function: fighter Year: 1928 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400hp Hispano-Suiza 12Jb Wing Span: 9.07m Length: 6.82m Height: 2.77m Wing Area: 17.00m2 Empty Weight: 894kg Max.Weight: 1236kg Speed: 253km/h Ceiling: Range: 3.0hrs Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Wib 130 Trombe, Wibault See {Wib 13}. Wib 160 Trombe II, Wibault Proposed more powerful development of the {Wib 130}. Not built. Wib 170 Tornade, Wibault More powerful development of the {Wib 13} Trombe. The aircraft was a success; but the light fighter program was a failure, and the idea was abandoned. One built. Type: Wib 170 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 9.07m Length: 7.15m Height: 2.77m Wing Area: 17.00m2 Empty Weight: 965kg Max.Weight: Speed: 275km/h Ceiling: 9600m Range: Armament: Wib 210, Wibault Lightweight low-wing monoplane fighter with fixed landing gear. It was abandoned after a few test flights because of excessive vibration. One built. Type: Wib 210 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb Wing Span: 9.40m Length: 6.87m Height: 2.30m Wing Area: 16.00m2 Empty Weight: 1016kg Max.Weight: 1320kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Wib 313, Wibault This Wibault fighter was powered by a radial engine at a time when in-line engines were increasingly popular for fighters. It was a low-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear and pleasing, if somewhat whale-like, lines. The Dewoitine {D.500} was preferred. The Wib 313 was the last Wibault fighter. One built. Type: Wib 313 Function: fighter Year: 1932 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 520hp Gnome-Rhone 9Kbrs Wing Span: 11.35m Length: 7.00m Height: 3.45m Wing Area: 16.56m2 Empty Weight: 1153kg Max.Weight: Speed: 372km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm Wright A Wright biplane was taken into service by the French Army on June 10, 1910. --X--------------------------------------------------------------------------- --Y--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Yak-3, Yakovlev The Soviet {Yak-3} low-altitude interceptor fighter was used by the Normandie-Niemen regiment. They chose this very specialized, high-performance aircraft over other types. --Z--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Zephyr, Fouga C.M.175 This was a shipboard version of the {Magister} trainer. They were retired in 1994. 30 built. Type: C.M.175 Zephyr Function: trainer Year: 1956 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 400kg Turbomeca Marbore IIB Wing Span: 12.15m Length: 10.21m Height: 2.95m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 2350kg Max.Weight: 3400kg Speed: 649km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 770km Armament: 2*mg 100kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------